@@JasonKendallAstronomer Thank you for posting this amazing lecture about this rare event (GRBs). I am an engineering student, but I am doing research in extragalactic astronomy; using EPM to calculate distances to Supernova on 2018 summer and GRB, 2019 summer and during fall semester currently. I am going to study from your first lecture in order. Truly appreciate your work.
@@daveb5041 my mistake I wish I'd done that but rushed to watch the 'sexy' ones, black holes supernova GRBs etc Ah well too late now instant gratification has always been a problem for me
The gamma ray burst picture looks eerily like the CMB picture, with the range from green to red and their placement. Just a coincidence I'm sure, but it just popped into my head when u displayed the slide. Wonderful lecture, like all of yours. I can follow these fairly easily but feel i getting a good basic astrophysics basics up to advanced overview. Thank you again, my friend, for sharing your knowledge
*Do you have a new set of lectures for 2021-2020* ? You could cover FRB's and other new things that are coming out. Love the detail of this series, never have I seen such detail that was for someone who only took astronomy101 in college and can understand without going to heavy into the math. Nothing against the math I just dont remember most of it from college, so it can make for a very boring lecture when I watch you tube for fun and learning; but not college course take notes with my calculator out style learning, (Although I do that with some chemistry videos but that happens to be my favorite subject. more like the discovery channel for smart people. I out grew the discovery channel when I was 13. Also would like to see a more detailed episode on the CNO and O Si Ne cycles and how they work could make a quick 20 min video to supplement your red giants episodes.
Awesome and super interesting video, thank you Jason! I am so fed up with popular science from Discovery Channel/National Geographic. This here is pure science yumm
92 GeV is enough to have macroscopic effects! It should be enough to raise a grain of sand by a millimeter, per my favorite Wikipedia page, orders of magnitude (energy)
About 23 minutes in, you state there is 2 potential events per the graph, or 2 types. If gamma ray bursts launch out of 2 sides would it be possible one recording is of one side and another? Like possibly one side puts out more energy.
For example I’m thinking of it almost like a repelling magnet. Energy type A one side, Energy type B the other. Both are pull into the core which is why you see them shoot out when too much energy is built up. The reverse in energy that changes them from pulling together I think of, in concept, like magnetic polls switching. I know I can’t articulate this well but in my mind I have a whole theory going
Kind of sounds like a cat doing a windup before pouncing on a mouse. With that whole tail wiggle thing that says do. Anyway the jets are constrained by polar oriented magnetic fields created by hot plasma infalling to the black hole by a disk. The rotation creates a confined magnetic cone with a narrow opening angle. Stuff gets close to the hole, misses, and gets squirted out the jet.
Good question. If it rises out of a gravitational potential well, then the wavelength is lengthened. The energy is "lost" by swimming upstream against gravity. Think of it just like a salmon swimming upstream. It takes energy to go against the flow of spacetime into a gravitational well.
@@JasonKendallAstronomer holy redacted, did you already know the answer or put pieces together when i asked? Kind of an honor getting response, i know much of what you talk about in every video but you have answered alot of fleeting questions i have since forgotten to seek answers too. I was thinking in terms of expansion, with no gravitation bodies existing. I cant help but ask a follow up. since there is a constant rate at which a photon will downgrade over expanding universe, we can assume a photon will always redshif unless given additional relative velocity , but would it redshift if you had tge impossible perfect mirrors held at a constant 1 megaparsec, and tge photon bounced indefinitely
I was just looking at It, and cobbled it together from my little brain. Interesting question about the mirrors!!!! I like it. Even if you "held" the mirrors back from "participating" in the cosmic expansion, the expansion of space would still be there underlying the space between them. You'd have to actually put a space-like measuring device (i.e. faster than light) to assure that the mirrors actually stayed 1 Mpc apart. That's too far to maintain without FTL measurement. So, let's pretend for a moment that you can do the impossible, and you do it. They would be 1 Mpc apart, so you'd need to put rockets on them to exactly compensate for the cosmic expansion. That means they would have to be rushing toward each other at 70 kilometers per second, just to counteract the Hubble Flow. Even if you did this, that doesn’t take into account the fact that space is expanding between the mirrors, and that would still affect the photons. In short, you can’t stop the effect of the expansion on the photons. Only if space itself stopped expanding would it stop….
@@JasonKendallAstronomer yea, its a physics breaking thought experiment. But look at it this way, if we didnt assume space was expanding, we would interpret this redshifting as a natural decay of the photon. Unless I am missing somthing. Maybe dark energy is energy from redshifted photons loss of energy?, doubt it. I wonder what effect the expansion of space has on the solar system, I am thinking gravity would exhibit a larger force on planetary bodies, though minute. From what i recall, gravity falloff is by the inverse square, a nice math friendly decay of force, perhaps its actually slightly steeper falloff in practice becuase of space expansion.
The idea of a "tired photon" has been floated as a putative source for Dark Energy as well as many other things. But, those lines of research were not fruitful. They led to observational results that are not seen.... As for the "slightly steeper falloff" idea, remember that the expansion is 70 kilometers per second per Megaparsec. That's enormously larger than a few AU's. So, you can't really reduce it to friendly math, since it would be, at most, noise in the data, and Jupiter's gravitational influence on Earth would be bigger than space-expanding tug. Actually, even the tug of distant moon Europa on Earth is more significant. I'll even go way out on a speculative limb to state that Charon's pull is more important.
For fun calculate the opening angle of a GRB cone positioned 5 billion light years away such that the spread upon impacting Earth is only the diameter of metropolitan Baltimore. Furthermore, calculate the radiation intensity inside the vertex of that cone. What is the photon density at the vertex? Compare with the photon density at the time of Decoupling, the time of cosmic nucleosynthesis and the time of photon-quark freezeout in the early cosmos.
Learn more about these here:
ua-cam.com/video/CGPurPAFVVI/v-deo.html
Kason Kendall's Astronomy online lectures, are truly enjoyable & insightful. Compliments.
Just came across your channel...binge watching/ listening now for three days straight... thank you... happy new year
Somehow just found your channel. Bravo. Your work is greatly appreciated!
thanks
agreed
Hello Jason .. this is the 8 th time i am watching your lecture and still finding new info. Please keep them coming. You are super awesome
ive covered almost all Astronomical channel and none has this much info
Excellent. Compelling presentation, clear easy to listen too properly done.
Thanks.
These are amazing. Great job. I’ll be watching every one.
You can get them all in order here: jasonkendall.com/AstronomyLectures/
@@JasonKendallAstronomer Thank you for posting this amazing lecture about this rare event (GRBs). I am an engineering student, but I am doing research in extragalactic astronomy; using EPM to calculate distances to Supernova on 2018 summer and GRB, 2019 summer and during fall semester currently. I am going to study from your first lecture in order. Truly appreciate your work.
@@krishnaacharya6951 Watched all in order, a few series where I didnt skip or FF.
@@daveb5041 my mistake I wish I'd done that but rushed to watch the 'sexy' ones, black holes supernova GRBs etc
Ah well too late now instant gratification has always been a problem for me
The gamma ray burst picture looks eerily like the CMB picture, with the range from green to red and their placement. Just a coincidence I'm sure, but it just popped into my head when u displayed the slide. Wonderful lecture, like all of yours. I can follow these fairly easily but feel i getting a good basic astrophysics basics up to advanced overview. Thank you again, my friend, for sharing your knowledge
Thanks!
Are the Gama Ray energy levels of this burst like this high enough to create Quarks, thus a miniature BIG BANG?
*Do you have a new set of lectures for 2021-2020* ? You could cover FRB's and other new things that are coming out. Love the detail of this series, never have I seen such detail that was for someone who only took astronomy101 in college and can understand without going to heavy into the math. Nothing against the math I just dont remember most of it from college, so it can make for a very boring lecture when I watch you tube for fun and learning; but not college course take notes with my calculator out style learning, (Although I do that with some chemistry videos but that happens to be my favorite subject. more like the discovery channel for smart people. I out grew the discovery channel when I was 13.
Also would like to see a more detailed episode on the CNO and O Si Ne cycles and how they work could make a quick 20 min video to supplement your red giants episodes.
Awesome and super interesting video, thank you Jason! I am so fed up with popular science from Discovery Channel/National Geographic. This here is pure science yumm
35:16 wrong slide?
Any thoughts on Repeating Fast GRB?
Yes. See research by my advisor Jon Hakkila.
92 GeV is enough to have macroscopic effects! It should be enough to raise a grain of sand by a millimeter, per my favorite Wikipedia page, orders of magnitude (energy)
About 23 minutes in, you state there is 2 potential events per the graph, or 2 types. If gamma ray bursts launch out of 2 sides would it be possible one recording is of one side and another? Like possibly one side puts out more energy.
For example I’m thinking of it almost like a repelling magnet. Energy type A one side, Energy type B the other. Both are pull into the core which is why you see them shoot out when too much energy is built up.
The reverse in energy that changes them from pulling together I think of, in concept, like magnetic polls switching.
I know I can’t articulate this well but in my mind I have a whole theory going
Kind of sounds like a cat doing a windup before pouncing on a mouse. With that whole tail wiggle thing that says do.
Anyway the jets are constrained by polar oriented magnetic fields created by hot plasma infalling to the black hole by a disk. The rotation creates a confined magnetic cone with a narrow opening angle. Stuff gets close to the hole, misses, and gets squirted out the jet.
if gamma ray gets redshifted down to microwave, where did the difference in energy go?
Good question. If it rises out of a gravitational potential well, then the wavelength is lengthened. The energy is "lost" by swimming upstream against gravity. Think of it just like a salmon swimming upstream. It takes energy to go against the flow of spacetime into a gravitational well.
@@JasonKendallAstronomer holy redacted, did you already know the answer or put pieces together when i asked?
Kind of an honor getting response, i know much of what you talk about in every video but you have answered alot of fleeting questions i have since forgotten to seek answers too.
I was thinking in terms of expansion, with no gravitation bodies existing.
I cant help but ask a follow up.
since there is a constant rate at which a photon will downgrade over expanding universe, we can assume a photon will always redshif unless given additional relative velocity , but would it redshift if you had tge impossible perfect mirrors held at a constant 1 megaparsec, and tge photon bounced indefinitely
I was just looking at It, and cobbled it together from my little brain. Interesting question about the mirrors!!!! I like it. Even if you "held" the mirrors back from "participating" in the cosmic expansion, the expansion of space would still be there underlying the space between them. You'd have to actually put a space-like measuring device (i.e. faster than light) to assure that the mirrors actually stayed 1 Mpc apart. That's too far to maintain without FTL measurement. So, let's pretend for a moment that you can do the impossible, and you do it. They would be 1 Mpc apart, so you'd need to put rockets on them to exactly compensate for the cosmic expansion. That means they would have to be rushing toward each other at 70 kilometers per second, just to counteract the Hubble Flow. Even if you did this, that doesn’t take into account the fact that space is expanding between the mirrors, and that would still affect the photons. In short, you can’t stop the effect of the expansion on the photons. Only if space itself stopped expanding would it stop….
@@JasonKendallAstronomer yea, its a physics breaking thought experiment. But look at it this way, if we didnt assume space was expanding, we would interpret this redshifting as a natural decay of the photon. Unless I am missing somthing. Maybe dark energy is energy from redshifted photons loss of energy?, doubt it.
I wonder what effect the expansion of space has on the solar system, I am thinking gravity would exhibit a larger force on planetary bodies, though minute. From what i recall, gravity falloff is by the inverse square, a nice math friendly decay of force, perhaps its actually slightly steeper falloff in practice becuase of space expansion.
The idea of a "tired photon" has been floated as a putative source for Dark Energy as well as many other things. But, those lines of research were not fruitful. They led to observational results that are not seen....
As for the "slightly steeper falloff" idea, remember that the expansion is 70 kilometers per second per Megaparsec. That's enormously larger than a few AU's. So, you can't really reduce it to friendly math, since it would be, at most, noise in the data, and Jupiter's gravitational influence on Earth would be bigger than space-expanding tug. Actually, even the tug of distant moon Europa on Earth is more significant. I'll even go way out on a speculative limb to state that Charon's pull is more important.
If I were to be taught by you in school I'll be a genius now ...instead stuck with 3 morons in deep space
we were looking down the top of the GRB jet = looking into th Eye of the blast = to far to Directly affect us
Let's hope the gamma ray bursts focuses on Baltimore 🦍🦍🦍
For fun calculate the opening angle of a GRB cone positioned 5 billion light years away such that the spread upon impacting Earth is only the diameter of metropolitan Baltimore. Furthermore, calculate the radiation intensity inside the vertex of that cone. What is the photon density at the vertex? Compare with the photon density at the time of Decoupling, the time of cosmic nucleosynthesis and the time of photon-quark freezeout in the early cosmos.