How Prepared Are We For A Carrington Level Solar Storm?

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  • Опубліковано 15 чер 2024
  • brilliant.org/CuriousDroid
    Space weather and solar storms pose an increasing threat to our modern technological world but what are we doing about it.
    In this video, we look at what we have found out about how the coronal mass ejections affect not only our tech but the earth itself and how we can use the latest data from solar observatories and geoelectrical mapping to mitigate even a Carrington level event in the future.
    This video is sponsored by Brilliant.org :
    brilliant.org/CuriousDroid
    Written, Researched and Presented by Paul Shillito
    Images and footage : NASA, National Grid, Practical Engineering, ABB, GE, UCL-MSSL/Chris Arridge
    Alan Gregory Adventures THE GREAT OUTDOORS, Bobsdecline - Lineman blogger
    A big thank you also goes to all our Patreons :-)
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  • Наука та технологія

КОМЕНТАРІ • 2,8 тис.

  • @FlyWithMe_666
    @FlyWithMe_666 3 роки тому +2943

    Respect to the cameraman for taking all these close shots of the sun, despite all the heat and solar winds.

    • @AlainHubert
      @AlainHubert 3 роки тому +277

      I think his name is Icarus...

    • @Time2Wonder70
      @Time2Wonder70 3 роки тому +568

      They go at night when the sun is cooler! 😄

    • @archibaldtuttle8481
      @archibaldtuttle8481 3 роки тому +120

      @@AlainHubert Yup. That's the dude...used to date my sister.

    • @RobsonRoverRepair
      @RobsonRoverRepair 3 роки тому +111

      Factor 5 million sun block was a good call

    • @Jack-rp6zy
      @Jack-rp6zy 3 роки тому +42

      Tier 1 troll

  • @theCodyReeder
    @theCodyReeder 3 роки тому +1281

    Better get cracking, 2020 ain’t over yet.

    • @jimhutcho1083
      @jimhutcho1083 3 роки тому +30

      Yo Cody!

    • @musicmanfelipe
      @musicmanfelipe 3 роки тому +49

      Cody's next project must be a Faraday cage for Chicken Hole Base.

    • @Dimitri-Jordania
      @Dimitri-Jordania 3 роки тому +12

      @Codys Lab oh yea whatre u gunna do, go live in a mine and eat dogs? Pfffshffthhshhffthhsshht.
      Only kidding lol
      Or *am* I?
      Yes. Lol.
      Fin

    • @JR-gp2zk
      @JR-gp2zk 3 роки тому +13

      Seriously, if flying monkeys start flying around and flinging poo at people I would not be surprised.

    • @Tomorrison28
      @Tomorrison28 3 роки тому +14

      Facts this could be our october suprise.

  • @peterross97
    @peterross97 3 роки тому +344

    As someone who works in the hydroelectric industry, I can tell you right now that we are NOT prepared. At all.
    The electrical grid is so fragile, it may as well be made of cut glass.

    • @matsui90
      @matsui90 3 роки тому +4

      Which country are you from?

    • @TrellyTrell183
      @TrellyTrell183 3 роки тому +11

      Yeah ofc bc most of y’all are not the chosen and not eating heathy and not spiritual at all

    • @peterross97
      @peterross97 3 роки тому +58

      @@TrellyTrell183 The page for crazy people spouting bullshit is over there ------------->
      They're waiting for you.

    • @Junzar56
      @Junzar56 3 роки тому +3

      Very true.

    • @slik560
      @slik560 3 роки тому +1

      😢

  • @RadenWA
    @RadenWA 3 роки тому +383

    Earth : Struggling with Corona
    Sun's Corona : You ain't seen nothing yet

    • @jturtle5318
      @jturtle5318 3 роки тому +21

      US - suffering from Corona
      Sun - hold my beer.

    • @hummerwisdom
      @hummerwisdom 3 роки тому +6

      You mean earth struggling with 5G Syndrome, right?

    • @chatteyj
      @chatteyj 3 роки тому +17

      The earth is hardly struggling with anything in the UK they've built massive regional hospitals to cope specifically with covid patients and guess what they were never hardly used. Deaths have been exaggerated because of incorrect data gathering (eg counting one death as mutiple deaths or incorrectly attributing deaths to covid thje list goes on and on) And now the government has mandated the wearing of masks in shops for absolutely no reason when we are well past the peak of this chinese flu.

    • @crisgayle2581
      @crisgayle2581 3 роки тому

      Guys relax, this isn't gonna happen until at least September.

    • @jacoblawson5243
      @jacoblawson5243 3 роки тому +1

      @@chatteyj globalists flu NWO

  • @Cre80s
    @Cre80s 3 роки тому +713

    Pretty much any question beginning with "are we ready for", the answer is a resounding hell no!

    • @CrypticRite
      @CrypticRite 3 роки тому +1

      Immediately after reading this the 1st thing that came to mind of me telling the guys that the wife is on her way back home.

    • @Marinealver
      @Marinealver 3 роки тому +7

      And afterwards the question to follow would be, "but did you die?"

    • @Marquis-Sade
      @Marquis-Sade 3 роки тому +2

      @@CrypticRite What?

    • @trabladorr
      @trabladorr 3 роки тому +4

      @@Marinealver That could be the follow up question to "were we ready for...", and is pointless considering you already know the answer.
      More appropriately, you should be asking "how many would die?"

    • @MrFlatage
      @MrFlatage 3 роки тому

      @@trabladorr Zero. We are ready. Simple. ;-)

  • @peniku8
    @peniku8 3 роки тому +750

    Note to self: when I see an aurora here in Germany we're in trouble.

    • @TheRajapala
      @TheRajapala 3 роки тому +16

      1938 Hitler in his manson in Bavaria saw red light looked like Aurora Borealis. He said to his colleagues : it is time to spread blood

    • @sunnyjim1355
      @sunnyjim1355 3 роки тому +22

      Even so, you are in trouble Germany. Not from one star, but from many on a blue background.

    • @Regolith86
      @Regolith86 3 роки тому +25

      Probably not. I remember seeing the aurora when I lived in northern Nevada at around 40° North latitude back in 2003. It was one of the largest solar storm events of the space age, and I can't find any references to any major damage being caused by it. There was an hour long blackout in Sweden, and some satellites were damaged, but that was about it.
      Since most of Germany is above 47°N, you would be able to see auroras caused by even weaker storms.

    • @counterfit5
      @counterfit5 3 роки тому +24

      Germany wouldn’t be that bad. Mexico and the Caribbean, though? That’s nuts.

    • @liamwinter4512
      @liamwinter4512 3 роки тому +21

      I can just see you, walking out and glancing up in the sky and just giving a deep sigh and thinking "well shit".

  • @BlackheartCharlie
    @BlackheartCharlie 3 роки тому +85

    I'm confident that our big power companies and grid operators in the US will be investing whatever is necessary to prepare for a Carrington-level event. One good example of how they plan ahead is the recent cold-weather event in Texas and how well the grid was prepared for that. Ummm, errrrr, ..... never mind.

    • @emmanueljoshuad.parreno22
      @emmanueljoshuad.parreno22 Рік тому +4

      Nah

    • @chloehennessey6813
      @chloehennessey6813 Рік тому +2

      You mean a once in a generation low temperature?
      It’s easy to poke fun as hind sight is always 20/20.

    • @ResearchNational
      @ResearchNational 6 місяців тому

      Well, to be fair, we all do very little to prepare for all aspects of life. Humans tend to wait until disaster strikes and then call for action only after significant damage has already been done.

  • @joshglover2370
    @joshglover2370 3 роки тому +311

    So you're tellin' me, a Carrington level solar storm would mean no more double ads on UA-cam? 🤔 I'm a glass half full kind of guy! 🤣🤣🤣

  • @kolbyadams9979
    @kolbyadams9979 3 роки тому +98

    A CME is all I need for a bingo on my 2020 Bingo card... never wanted to lose this much in my life

    • @gypsypath1
      @gypsypath1 3 роки тому +3

      Kolby Adams I could’ve called diagonal bingo already, but I heard were playing “blackout.”

    • @ijustwantedausername
      @ijustwantedausername 3 роки тому +1

      Still have sharks in a hurricane.
      I think my card is an old card.
      From when I lived in Orlando.

    • @jasonross9212
      @jasonross9212 3 роки тому

      Dam ! I have to still get zombies & giant meteor to win my 2020 bingo card 🙄

  • @taofledermaus
    @taofledermaus 3 роки тому +354

    Based on all the places I have worked and all the people I have worked with, we are not prepared and it will be a matter of how competent we are at dealing with the aftermath.

    • @Colt45s1911a1
      @Colt45s1911a1 3 роки тому +5

      Love you’re work, thank you.

    • @LordOceanus
      @LordOceanus 3 роки тому +10

      Humans have always been good at picking up the pieces and rebuilding can only hope we're willing to do it again.

    • @leechowning2712
      @leechowning2712 3 роки тому +5

      Even a blast like starfish prime could be a serious event. Are we ready? Heck no. While a small amount of government and military systems are shielded, it is too expensive to be used by almost any company.

    • @amospgarcia9152
      @amospgarcia9152 3 роки тому +13

      I work on the electrical grid every day, he is a little confused on some stuff. We use a devise, and I mean millions of them the don’t let this stuff happen. If we have a big storm nothing really bad will happen. And when I say million of them I mean millions in ever city.

    • @David-yo5ws
      @David-yo5ws 3 роки тому +4

      @Ярослав Л Careful, it's a trick. When they see the next large CME, 15 hours later they will turn all the North and South grids off, isolate the breakers and then wait for the pulse to pass by. Then they will wait a few hours to see what you do.......... O^O How's that for sneaky?

  • @JudithBisson
    @JudithBisson 3 роки тому +28

    I really like your teaching. You’re engaging, eloquent and you’re descriptive nature keeps us wanting more.

  • @fintux
    @fintux 3 роки тому +397

    When the Sun sneezes heavily towards us, could you say the Earth gets a bad case of corona..?

    • @elitepauper7400
      @elitepauper7400 3 роки тому +20

      hold on, you on to something

    • @dianemottram3060
      @dianemottram3060 3 роки тому +5

      Why not so far they said it's on cardboard boxes papaya and your house cat.... And even though masks are mandated the virus can sneak into your house.

    • @kevmasengale6903
      @kevmasengale6903 3 роки тому +5

      Dammit.... That's what the media is going to say next.

    • @AwareEyeAmRare9
      @AwareEyeAmRare9 3 роки тому +6

      That is actually the truth 🌅🌅🌅😁

    • @acvaticlifE
      @acvaticlifE 3 роки тому +7

      Shit, I think you might have predicted December 2020

  • @flinchfu
    @flinchfu 3 роки тому +464

    Humanity: "We have the technology to conquer nature itse-"
    *SLAP*
    Universe: "Sit down."

    • @Chris-hx3om
      @Chris-hx3om 3 роки тому +45

      Humans: "We are prepared for the worst the sun can throw at us."
      Sun: "Hold my beer, this won't take long."

    • @YouAskedForThis563
      @YouAskedForThis563 3 роки тому +5

      @@Chris-hx3om why do I read this with an Ausie accent?

    • @Chris-hx3om
      @Chris-hx3om 3 роки тому +8

      @@YouAskedForThis563 I have no idea, mate....

    • @carso1500
      @carso1500 3 роки тому +5

      Humanity: *develops technology to create black holes and absorb energy from the sun* no, YOU sit down

    • @RealDexterMidnight
      @RealDexterMidnight 3 роки тому +1

      @@Chris-hx3om sun: *comes back* man these fuckers are crazy how we wipe them out
      Black pluge: hold my beer I got this
      (No joke we have a black pluge now )

  • @Zakalwe-01
    @Zakalwe-01 3 роки тому +281

    I’m calling it: Curios Droid is now the only British spiritual successor to Horizon and QED still broadcasting. Terrestrial UK television science programming is all but dead now.

    • @RobsonRoverRepair
      @RobsonRoverRepair 3 роки тому +15

      Dam right. Best science show on yt

    • @nigelft
      @nigelft 3 роки тому +6

      Didn't Channel 4's 'Equinox' also encompass science ...?

    • @rogecoeurdelion7699
      @rogecoeurdelion7699 3 роки тому +5

      Respect - This channel is un rivalled in technical content

    • @alastairward2774
      @alastairward2774 3 роки тому +1

      Are those two programmes gone now?

    • @mattuk56
      @mattuk56 3 роки тому +6

      What about Brian Cox? He's the successor to Patrick Moore. I don't agree with Brian's politics. But he knows his space stuff. Curious Droid is a cool dude

  • @puremaledark8305
    @puremaledark8305 3 роки тому +11

    Im certain that i have learned more from this channel than all of grade school and college. Love it

  • @bluenose21c
    @bluenose21c 3 роки тому +6

    One hits this weekend

  • @gorzzz
    @gorzzz 3 роки тому +29

    I can remember the 1989 event.....I live 30 Km south of Byron Bay on the North Coast of NSW...and the sky to the south was a bright red colour...I thought it was cane fires, but when I went out, there were none, just thes red glow in the sky......looked unreal

    • @ComaDave
      @ComaDave 3 роки тому +7

      Geelong here.
      My mate and I were about 30km west of town stargazing that night.
      Red glows, blue/green curtains and even a disintegrating meteorite later in the night. It was good to be alive to witness it all.

    • @TheCrunchifiedOne
      @TheCrunchifiedOne 3 роки тому +2

      Brisbane here. Crazy to think you saw it down in Geelong and down near Byron!

    • @ComaDave
      @ComaDave 3 роки тому +2

      @@TheCrunchifiedOne Shows just how extensive it was, and how overloaded the southern end of the magnetic field was.
      Normally we are too far north to get any auroral activity here, and you Brissy folk would otherwise have no chance.
      I'd seen red glows from Geelong as a boy in 1978. 11 years prior. 🤔

  • @egooidios5061
    @egooidios5061 3 роки тому +97

    Well if something like this is ever to happen, 2020 is the year!

    • @Ron4885
      @Ron4885 3 роки тому +4

      yeah, since everything else is happening.

    • @LazGato
      @LazGato 3 роки тому +5

      Don't tempt fate

    • @donbriggs9128
      @donbriggs9128 3 роки тому +6

      2020 social life postponed.
      2021 life postponed.
      2022 life cancelled.
      I need a new tinfoil hat.

    • @dro634
      @dro634 3 роки тому +2

      Don Briggs That hat does wonders

    • @donbriggs9128
      @donbriggs9128 3 роки тому +1

      @@dro634 Yeah. Had a lot of use lately.

  • @chrisparker2118
    @chrisparker2118 3 роки тому +14

    If the Earth's magnetosphere continues to weaken, we wont need to take a hit from a Carrington level event to lose our electrical grid.

  • @512TheWolf512
    @512TheWolf512 3 роки тому +40

    I seriously think that, with how important electricity is, protection from CMEs should have the highest possible priority all around the globe!

    • @axelmilan4292
      @axelmilan4292 3 роки тому +7

      Humanity: nah, we just gonna keep creating new and exciting ways to kill each other

    • @qdllc
      @qdllc 3 роки тому +6

      This was addressed after 2000. EMP attack or CMEs are inevitable. It would cost a few billion to be prepared for the aftermath, but they still can’t get the funding to do it. We can either harden the electrical grid against these things (unlikely to accomplish) or have sufficient spares we can expect to be taken out to restore power within days. Most smaller-scale transformers already exist in supply as spare parts. However, some of the largest ones have no spares. A new one is manufactured when needed. Now, if an EMP or CME took these large ones out, no power and it would take MONTHS to make just one and transport it for installation. Millions would die from our electricity-dependent technology not working. The plan being promoted is to have spares manufactured and stored on-site for quick installation as needed...replace each one as it’s put into service.

    • @bekill1126
      @bekill1126 3 роки тому

      @@qdllc or or maybe we turn off all power supply for the time 🤔

    • @jppitman1
      @jppitman1 3 роки тому

      @@qdllc I wonder where the energy to make otherr transformers "after the fact" would come from...

    • @qdllc
      @qdllc 3 роки тому +1

      Biber Maniac - That’s the point. You could restore power locally or bring in generators, but that’s time passing just to start making them. Meantime, civilization is falling apart.

  • @CaptHollister
    @CaptHollister 3 роки тому +17

    I remember the big 1989 CME because it happened on my daughter's birthday. It brought down the entire electrical grid for the province of Québec (1.5 million square kilometers), with my hometown, Montréal, being the largest urban center hit. Weirdly, though it always gets cited as an example of what CMEs can do, few people who lived through it actually remember much about it. It happened during the night and power was restored in the early afternoon. End of story

    • @johnslugger
      @johnslugger Рік тому

      *I remember the Mass Ejection that occurred 9 months before her birth,,,,.*

  • @andrewpearson3598
    @andrewpearson3598 3 роки тому +18

    I could listen to Paul talk all day long. I have a large interest in physics and find this page so informative and interesting. The way he puts very complicated subjects into layman’s terms is absolutely fantastic.

  • @septegram
    @septegram 3 роки тому +23

    I've been concerned about this since studying Emergency Management in college in the early 'teens.
    It's not good.

  • @zachhoy
    @zachhoy Рік тому +3

    I have just re-watched this video - and I am still very satisfied with this summary of geomagnetic storms and our vulnerability. The visuals and explanation are really well done.

  • @tomchevailer7698
    @tomchevailer7698 3 роки тому +213

    Screw drugs. I'm just going to stare at that shirt.

    • @ijustpostedth1s724
      @ijustpostedth1s724 3 роки тому +13

      Welcome to the C.D. fan club.

    • @aleksanderlikar5375
      @aleksanderlikar5375 3 роки тому

      This is called healthy natural drugging. I'm addicted to the moon, clouds, stars, ... and his shirts.

    • @respectbossmon
      @respectbossmon 3 роки тому +2

      If you stare at it long enough, and then look out the window at night, you might see an aurora!

    • @JR-gp2zk
      @JR-gp2zk 3 роки тому +5

      It is just a plain white shirt. Are you ok?

    • @josorr
      @josorr 3 роки тому +1

      If you cross your eyes just right, it looks like he has two heads.

  • @blitzemfive6597
    @blitzemfive6597 3 роки тому +57

    I thihk Droid and James May shop at the same shirt store. :)

    • @fitzmode
      @fitzmode 3 роки тому +8

      Or rather, have you ever seen them in the same room at the same time?

    • @feelx92ger
      @feelx92ger 3 роки тому +2

      @@fitzmode That'd take one hell of a wig :)

  • @ronaldboal7500
    @ronaldboal7500 3 роки тому +8

    That is so weird. Less than 5 seconds into the video, I recognize Montreal.

  • @sinongmakulet
    @sinongmakulet 3 роки тому +10

    I call this phenomenon, the Knowing Effect.

  • @brinx8634
    @brinx8634 3 роки тому +217

    Was Richard Carrington ever charged and tried for his role in the event?

    • @power2084
      @power2084 3 роки тому +5

      hahaha !!!

    • @thepeacemaker2801
      @thepeacemaker2801 3 роки тому +2

      That's Funny!😅😅😅

    • @_tyrannus
      @_tyrannus 3 роки тому +11

      Strange that there wasn't a law made then banning the sale and possession of CMEs!

    • @firstandlastname6194
      @firstandlastname6194 3 роки тому +7

      Lock him up with Ben Garzi and that chinese hacker Four Chan I say.

    • @MrDavidh4
      @MrDavidh4 3 роки тому +1

      I'm pretty sure he was billed for the damage. PG&E made SURE of that! lol

  • @uss_04
    @uss_04 3 роки тому +49

    I love how a “Carrington Event”sounds like a Video Game Plot set in the Victorian Era where people fight back against Aliens with Steampunk Weapons

    • @SLU2MOVIES
      @SLU2MOVIES 3 роки тому +1

      😮 Wow

    • @mikemoscato2995
      @mikemoscato2995 3 роки тому +1

      Start writing it down before someone steals your idea ,like me.lol all kidding aside that plot sounds better than 95% of the garbage hollywierd puts out nowadays!🙂💯👍👍👍👍👍

    • @razorfett147
      @razorfett147 3 роки тому +3

      Close. The Carrington Institute DID investigate alien technology in the game Perfect Dark back in 2001 😉

    • @MultiCatRain
      @MultiCatRain 3 роки тому +1

      -\_(‘.’ )_/-

    • @MaxwellAerialPhotography
      @MaxwellAerialPhotography 3 роки тому

      It was basically the overarching plot of the original assassins creed trilogy.

  • @bonquaintance944
    @bonquaintance944 3 роки тому +2

    Great information! I’ve been talking about Carrington for years, but you provided a fantastic commentary.

  • @ArchilochusOfParos
    @ArchilochusOfParos 3 роки тому +4

    This channel is so well done -- jumps straight into the topic with no "Hey UA-camrs!" or "Please Like and Subscribe so you don't miss any of my awesome content!"....with quality content that is professionally scripted, produced, and presented. Kudos to you, Curious Droid.

  • @Marinealver
    @Marinealver 3 роки тому +72

    Given 2020 and Social Media, it might even be an improvement.

    • @thulyblu5486
      @thulyblu5486 3 роки тому +11

      Won't be as funny when half the population starves to death... until you realize the other half can have a cannibal barbecue, then it's fun again.
      Edit: Cannibal Barbecue would be a good name for a metal band

    • @Cassidy127
      @Cassidy127 3 роки тому +2

      Might?

    • @Easy-Eight
      @Easy-Eight 3 роки тому +1

      @@thulyblu5486 , why do you think there is a huge run on guns, ammo, and canned food in the USA? We're getting ready to rumble.

    • @nealsterling8151
      @nealsterling8151 3 роки тому +2

      @@Easy-Eight No, they just tend to freak out more than anyone else... and they're nuts.

    • @Wayoutthere
      @Wayoutthere 3 роки тому +5

      Yep, the death of social media and perhaps the Internet. Might be a good thing.

  • @magnarex
    @magnarex 3 роки тому +94

    Me: sees Aurora
    Me: thinks we're doomed
    also Me: Rushes to shove all my electronics I possibly can in the microwave.

    • @Ranstone
      @Ranstone 3 роки тому +14

      If you care, a metal filing cabinet with plastic at the bottom of the drawers works just as well. :P

    • @gabeguthrie9604
      @gabeguthrie9604 3 роки тому +6

      That and jump in the fridge Indiana Jones style.

    • @gwal93
      @gwal93 3 роки тому +7

      One watch point, having put everything in the microwave don't turn it on #justsaying

    • @phraydedjez
      @phraydedjez 3 роки тому +3

      Bunkers should be shielded with a Faraday cage. That's the reason I just wear a tin foil hat everywhere I go.. And they call me crazy.

    • @Spirit-Plays.
      @Spirit-Plays. 3 роки тому +1

      MICROWAVE: BoOoOm

  • @gmt1
    @gmt1 3 роки тому +31

    Me, an Australian: "Guess I'll die then."

    • @devonbradley4372
      @devonbradley4372 3 роки тому +8

      Hi! GMT. Prepare now, while we still have time. Make a rocket stove. We did. Very cheap. Buy some bricks from Bunnings then get on youtube and watch some videos. Really easy. The one we built works like a charm and you only need small bits of branches and twigs to get a roaring fire, if you've built it to specification. Also buy candles, and oil lamps, or buy a metal tool box and put your batteries and torches in there to shield them damage. Best of luck.

    • @destinytroll1374
      @destinytroll1374 2 роки тому +1

      Some freeze dried food lasts 25-30 years. It's just nice to have it handy just in case. I live in Alaska and avalanches can easily trap us in our little town or knock out the power for days or weeks.
      Most people here are decently well prepared for these sorts of things, but if you're in an Urban area.....damn dude you'd be in a bad situation.

  • @ledude114
    @ledude114 3 роки тому +7

    I knew the city street view at the beginning was telling me something. That’s Sainte-Catherine street in Montreal!

  • @commander31able60
    @commander31able60 3 роки тому +21

    "It’s not the one with your name on it; it’s the one addressed “to whom it may concern” you’ve got to think about."

  • @arkatub
    @arkatub 3 роки тому +51

    Got a surge protector I've been meaning to install on my solar power system, I'll go do that now...

    • @ripsumrall8018
      @ripsumrall8018 3 роки тому +10

      Think Faraday Cage....

    • @MrFlatage
      @MrFlatage 3 роки тому +6

      @Owen Yin Sweden just started maintenance checks on theirs. Will take over 4 years cos they have bunkers for twice their own population.
      You can buy Faraday tents for 10 bucks online easily if it is just a CME.

    • @raykent3211
      @raykent3211 3 роки тому +7

      If your system is connected to the grid, then yes, do it ASAP. If it's independent of the grid, then you probably don't need to worry. The threat to you comes from the long power lines of the grid, not from the short lines of a local installation. Most satellites can survive simply because they're small. If I get advance notice of a thunderstorm I disconnect my router from (long overhead) mains and phone line. It's been fried twice before I started doing this. The energy concentration of either lightning or a Carrington event is not enough to damage the router if it's not connected. Well OK, except if thé lightning happens to pick my house.....

    • @isettech
      @isettech 3 роки тому +1

      If you are tied to the grid with your solar, ask your utility about your transformer. If it is single phase with neutral return and the neutral is grounded at the pole or pad, you may have a concern. These are most often 7200 volt single bushing primary transformers. For isolation, request a 2 bushing transformer for 12800 volt phase to phase primary. A delta primary has no neutral or ground connection and thus have no DC path providing proper isolation. The center of the secondary is neutral bonded for local are grounding and does not carry DC currents or voltage from high earth current. If your facility is fed with a pad mounted transformer, read the name plate to find the type. If you are fed from a utility pole transformer, count the number of HV bushings on top. You want a transformer with 2 bushings connected to phase to phase on a 3 phase system, not a single hot phase and neutral feeding the transformer. A one bushing transformer may have fairly high neutral current on the transformer ground. Surge protection is for lighting strikes and other transient events, not a sustained DC neutral current in your local utility transformer.

    • @isettech
      @isettech 3 роки тому +1

      @@raykent3211 For lightning protection of your router, check the grounding of the phone system interface. Is it bonded to the utility service and the plumbing? Bonding all three provides good protection from transient spikes. The surge protection of the phone line should be tied to the main grounding system for the utility to prevent a high differential voltage between phone lines and utility power ground.
      For more info on the subject and the regulations, see this article. www.bicsi.org/docs/default-source/conference-presentations/2017-mea-uae/grounding-and-bonding.pdf?sfvrsn=3112558d_2

  • @strugglingsurvivor7858
    @strugglingsurvivor7858 3 роки тому +18

    2020: this is not even my final form..

  • @antoniomaglione4101
    @antoniomaglione4101 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you for this comprensive explanation of CMEs and their effects. Well done, and highly appreciated...

  • @moanamason2454
    @moanamason2454 3 роки тому +102

    With the sun waking up, the magnetic poles on the move and the magnetic feilds strength on an accelerated decline... I'd say be a good time to prepare.

    • @lanesteele240
      @lanesteele240 3 роки тому +34

      Mo Mason
      All we have to do is say the sun is problematic and it will be canceled, thus saving earth

    • @nxc1974
      @nxc1974 3 роки тому +5

      It already does. Since the 1859 event its been on the move. Check out spaceweathernews.com/

    • @joewilson941
      @joewilson941 3 роки тому +14

      Yeah there was no mention of the mangentic pole shift or the weakening magnetosphere in this at all. Not to mention how much more at risk we are now, going into solar cycle 25 and the sun is already more active!

    • @madezra64
      @madezra64 3 роки тому +3

      @@joewilson941 This shit scares me bad. How bad are we talking here?

    • @peterzingler6221
      @peterzingler6221 3 роки тому +7

      @@madezra64 if you listen to this people were talking mass instincrion. How ever pole changes happened several times in earth's history. Don't worry nothing will happen during your life time

  • @9thbigfoot
    @9thbigfoot 3 роки тому +233

    Amish people: We are prepared.

    • @DrWhom
      @DrWhom 3 роки тому +4

      well, they are at peace perhaps, which is a different kind of being prepared

    • @pmarie-se3tz
      @pmarie-se3tz 3 роки тому +5

      Unfortunately a million zombies will overrun you.

    • @abelis644
      @abelis644 3 роки тому +7

      I have a 4 cylinder, 31 year old Mazda pick up truck in perfect shape... No electronics, nothing electric, even the windows are manual, lol...
      But when the EMP hits, the streets will be mine alone!!! 😁

    • @krashd
      @krashd 3 роки тому +10

      @@abelis644 What starts the motor?

    • @jturtle5318
      @jturtle5318 3 роки тому +1

      They rely heavily on kerosene, lamp oil and gas for equipment and chainsaws.
      They would manage better, but it would be a shift.
      And like the rest of us, they quit spinning and weaving when mass produced fabric came along.

  • @equuspallidus
    @equuspallidus 3 роки тому +5

    I'm just gonna say it. You have the best shirt collection on planet Earth.

  • @OlivierSuire
    @OlivierSuire 3 роки тому +1

    Beautiful wording and high quality content. Thanks you so much !

  • @joaopedro8942
    @joaopedro8942 3 роки тому +62

    Paul: Coronal....
    UA-cam: DEMONETIZED!!
    Paul: ...mass ejection
    UA-cam: AIN'T CHANGING IT

    • @soufiankain1886
      @soufiankain1886 3 роки тому +1

      Lol he legit is demonetized

    • @psygn0sis
      @psygn0sis 3 роки тому +3

      What are you doing, writing a script?
      Next time try writing a comment like a normal, non-autistic, child.

    • @sillyking1991
      @sillyking1991 3 роки тому +9

      @@psygn0sis you must be fun at parties.

    • @esquilax5563
      @esquilax5563 3 роки тому +3

      @@psygn0sis somebody sounds autistic here, and it isn't OP

  • @chechebo
    @chechebo 3 роки тому +112

    we are not even prepared for a pandemic with low mortality rates imagine for a solar storm

    • @uzaiyaro
      @uzaiyaro 3 роки тому +5

      I mean, in all fairness, you can see a CME coming, and it's over in a few days.

    • @APioneerInTheSeaOfStars
      @APioneerInTheSeaOfStars 3 роки тому +4

      @@uzaiyaro To see a CME coming it must be monitored - good luck to the monitoring stations, I hope they have drilled the situations plenty of times, 15 minutes to pass decisions is critical. And don't forget there can be stronger than Carrington Event magnitude, we only have a few hundred years of data. There's info coming out that our star is a long recurrent micro-nova star, meaning we may get a micro-nova every few tens of thousands of years. What happens when the Earth's magnetic field is weakened, Moon? Did you know the strength is 80% baseline of what it used to be for the past thousand years? The magnetic field is weakening at a rate of 5% per decade currently, and due to weaken at a faster rate as time goes. And what about the poles beginning their trek into reversal? The reversal transit is speeding up and the poles will reverse in the next 100-200 years. Meaning the magnetic field will be severely weakened. Not only this, when a strong CME hits it actually increases the speed of Earth's magnetic reversal (see the Carrington Event 1859, this is the year the Magnetic North pole began its immediate reversal direction).

    • @Phatkillz
      @Phatkillz 3 роки тому +10

      If Americas power companies are half as incompetent as our government, we're so screwed. And just like the pandemic we have known this has been coming for years.

    • @ERPP8
      @ERPP8 3 роки тому +5

      Low mortality rates are why we responded so poorly. It was easy to ignore because it doesn't affect the average person. If Covid had a ~5% mortality rate and mainly affected young people, it would have been squashed out long ago.

    • @LiLi-or2gm
      @LiLi-or2gm 3 роки тому +6

      Ярослав Л Polio affected millions of young people.

  • @Lance_Lough
    @Lance_Lough 3 роки тому

    This is the most detailed and informative report I've seen on CMEs.. Nice!

  • @Rajakryst144
    @Rajakryst144 3 роки тому +33

    THE GREAT SOLAR FLASH ..... i lurv it!!! 3D to 5D

    • @kayleemoon._6045
      @kayleemoon._6045 3 роки тому +2

      Yes my brother/sister! We are moving to 5d

    • @businessmindset2976
      @businessmindset2976 3 роки тому

      What you mean?

    • @OhVehla
      @OhVehla 3 роки тому

      My buddy said something about this whats it grounded on ?

    • @SgtSteel1
      @SgtSteel1 3 роки тому

      What is 5D?

    • @Rajakryst144
      @Rajakryst144 3 роки тому

      @@SgtSteel1 the 5th density... Google 5th density beings

  • @silvasaurusrex
    @silvasaurusrex 3 роки тому +7

    This is one of the most interesting internet videos I've ever seen in my life. Bravo.

  • @VeritechGirl
    @VeritechGirl 3 роки тому +123

    2020 stroking chin: “hmmm, solar storm eh . . .”

    • @T3RRY_T3RR0R
      @T3RRY_T3RR0R 3 роки тому +3

      2004 to 2020 : Am I a joke to you?

    • @charlesmonteroy2119
      @charlesmonteroy2119 3 роки тому +3

      @@T3RRY_T3RR0R 2020 to 2004: Year's not quite over yet . . .😈

    • @christophmahler
      @christophmahler 3 роки тому

      "(...) solar storm (...)"
      Epic band name.

    • @darrenwj1076
      @darrenwj1076 3 роки тому +5

      These storms come from the suns CORONA.

    • @Kni0002
      @Kni0002 3 роки тому

      how bad can it get

  • @johnmcnulty4425
    @johnmcnulty4425 6 місяців тому

    This was wonderfully detailed and informative - cheers!

  • @AceTycho
    @AceTycho 3 роки тому

    This is really really important! Thank you for making this video.

  • @agentpr24
    @agentpr24 3 роки тому +9

    The first 10 seconds is footage from downtown Montreal 😂 Thanks for putting us in your video lol

  • @phantomaviator1318
    @phantomaviator1318 3 роки тому +117

    So in short, Cuba and West Virginia would be the only states with a large amount of cars still running?

    • @onepom63
      @onepom63 3 роки тому +4

      😂😂😂👍

    • @buttersquids
      @buttersquids 3 роки тому +33

      Ah yes Cuba, my favourite US state

    • @relaxingvideos1828
      @relaxingvideos1828 3 роки тому +12

      @@buttersquids Cuba is the best state in the U.S!

    • @amososososos
      @amososososos 3 роки тому +9

      Cuba rocks, man. By far the best US state.

    • @Littletom6919
      @Littletom6919 3 роки тому +15

      I love Cuba, Infact I think it should be it’s own country , because it is so EPIC

  • @aleje5761
    @aleje5761 3 роки тому

    Thank you for the explanation and the shots. Really helps

  • @flagmichael
    @flagmichael 3 роки тому +1

    This is the first video I have seen on the subject who got the effect on power grids right: it is saturation of the transformers that does the damage.
    Saturation occurs in iron core transformers when added current no longer makes meaningful increase in the magnetic flux in the core. When that point is reached the transformer no longer presents a high impedance to the source, so current increases radically. The resulting heating of the wires in the transformer damages the insulation.
    Electric transmission lines have protection systems, of course, to protect against faults. If a phase shorts to ground, or a pair of phases short together, the voltage and current sensors report to the protection equipment and let it decide how far away the fault is. Saturation current bypasses them because the fault is on the wrong side of the sensors. At the other end of the line the DC current is having the same effect.
    If the line is powered down or is carrying relatively little current nothing bad happens.
    (Retired from a Fortune 100 electric utility a couple years ago; supporting protective relaying was the main reason I had to sleep with a duty phone by my head.)

  • @deannascott3475
    @deannascott3475 3 роки тому +11

    We missed the big one by 9 days on July 23, 2012.

  • @bdegeod2046
    @bdegeod2046 3 роки тому +12

    Let’s give a moment and thank the cameraman for zooming across those galaxies to come back to ours

  • @devonbradley4372
    @devonbradley4372 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you. Great presentation and I learned a great deal. Best wishes to you, sir.

  • @zachhoy
    @zachhoy 3 роки тому +1

    I really like the visualizations! Not just the SOHO timelapses, but the ones done to show magnetic impacts etc, lots of really good ones!

  • @majcorbin
    @majcorbin 3 роки тому +9

    thank you for this information
    i have been attempting to educate two mid-teens on the difference between a CME & an EMP
    this episode validates my instruction

    • @Chris-hx3om
      @Chris-hx3om 3 роки тому +3

      Source, different. Result, the same, you're screwed.

  • @gian19791
    @gian19791 3 роки тому +71

    “Corona” mass ejections that’s the other corona we have to worry about in the near future

    • @questionseveryth1ng
      @questionseveryth1ng 3 роки тому +6

      whoa.... programming the masses. You're onto something...

    • @greensteve9307
      @greensteve9307 3 роки тому +5

      Yes, both names come from the word for ring or crown.

    • @sk8erboy13
      @sk8erboy13 3 роки тому +1

      @@greensteve9307 Jesus is King

    • @notyou1877
      @notyou1877 3 роки тому

      Oh! Wait!
      Like a micro nova? A cyclic event of the Sun we are due for again? That will have two parts to it. First is the massive radiation of the explosion from the surface of the sun. Whoever is facing it gets irradiated. The whami comes 18 hours later when the shock wave arrives at Earth. The dust and debris fly by stripping the upper atmosphere and dropping the pressure on the exposed surface causing fires and sudden freeze. I hope I'm dead when that happens.

  • @keithglaysher9201
    @keithglaysher9201 3 роки тому +1

    Great stuff, very informative.

  • @elizabethshaw734
    @elizabethshaw734 3 роки тому +1

    I just stumbled upon you in my recommended videos and I enjoyed this very much. :-)

  • @colorfulnebula
    @colorfulnebula 3 роки тому +29

    2020: Write that down! write that down!

    • @ColonelClusterFunk
      @ColonelClusterFunk 3 роки тому

      Shhh don't give it any ideas, at this rate Russia's gonna invade someone

    • @gremlin23_youtube
      @gremlin23_youtube 3 роки тому

      Yeben01 *China, keep your eyes on the South China sea and Middle East :)

    • @counterfit5
      @counterfit5 3 роки тому

      Yeben01 when was the last time that actually worked out for them? 1944?

  • @wdavis6814
    @wdavis6814 3 роки тому +18

    When I was in college, my astronomy professor told us about how he used to see, every once in a while, Auroras in Central Florida. They would be extremely faint but they were still visible.

    • @erinmac4750
      @erinmac4750 3 роки тому +1

      Curious, about how long ago was that....as a kid I remember some strange skies....😎

    • @ekevanderzee9538
      @ekevanderzee9538 3 роки тому +1

      Perhaps in the age of nuclear testing?

    • @workingguy6666
      @workingguy6666 3 роки тому +6

      There are very, very few places left in the Eastern USA where the night sky isn't polluted with lights from houses, companies, towns and cities. Depending on how long ago that was, your professor may have lived in such an area. Those who have never spent the nights very far from civilization will never know all they are missing in the night skies.

  • @Carpenters_Canvas
    @Carpenters_Canvas 2 роки тому

    Excellent video . Very informative

  • @JCResDoc94
    @JCResDoc94 3 роки тому +1

    *☼ this is a fantastic entry* i thought i understood these, but i learnt things. nice back to back concepts and examples.

  • @BRUXXUS
    @BRUXXUS 3 роки тому +6

    Ahh yes, one of the few squares we haven't filled in for the 2020 Bingo card..... yet.

  • @leonidas3286
    @leonidas3286 3 роки тому +9

    Thanks for the good report. As regards the risk factor of a big solar flare, I think you should take into consideration the fact that earth’s magnetic field is currently much weaker than it was by end of 19th century and even the 20th century. We are much more vulnerable now due to the magnetic pole changes.

    • @robertjohnson6586
      @robertjohnson6586 Рік тому

      I have to echo that. Our magnetosphere currently is down about 20% and is accelerating it's decline. Also, our magnetic poles are moving and we are headed for a magnetic excursion or reversal. YOU SHOULD HAVE COVERED THIS!!!

  • @prabhakarv4193
    @prabhakarv4193 3 роки тому

    Very nice and informative. Thank you

  • @foxyjk8
    @foxyjk8 3 роки тому +1

    Wow!!!!!! I cant like the video multiple times!!! It was really intesting!!! Good work!

  • @katomiccomics202
    @katomiccomics202 3 роки тому +83

    Oh so this is what’s happening in August.

    • @timbibin1301
      @timbibin1301 3 роки тому +1

      Why do you say that? Are they really predicting one to happen then?

    • @mothman8300
      @mothman8300 3 роки тому +16

      @@timbibin1301 it's because its 2020 and 2020 is 2020

    • @zackattack5414
      @zackattack5414 3 роки тому +9

      Something new happens LITERALLY EVERY MONTH

    • @zackattack5414
      @zackattack5414 3 роки тому +7

      Also what happened to murder hornets?

    • @mothman8300
      @mothman8300 3 роки тому +1

      @@zackattack5414 not much, tbh they are mostly harmless to humans, but they could be bad for the wildlife as they don't have natural predators here iirc

  • @BraidenRobson
    @BraidenRobson 3 роки тому +84

    How ironic would it be if a solar flare happened while someone was watching this video?

    • @LazGato
      @LazGato 3 роки тому +6

      Oh shi-

    • @amososososos
      @amososososos 3 роки тому +7

      idk man, it probably won't ha-

    • @DJM.I.A.
      @DJM.I.A. 3 роки тому

      It did....
      On dragon ball Z

    • @Brian-bp5pe
      @Brian-bp5pe 3 роки тому +2

      Yes Braiden, or how about this... what if we were to have a strong CME on the U.S. election day (November 3rd?), 2020? All those voting machines, all of those very important votes which will define our future. I think I'll need to not think about that one.

    • @abelis644
      @abelis644 3 роки тому +2

      @@Brian-bp5pe
      I can totally see that happening, or having tRump ordered EMPs...

  • @masterofate4852
    @masterofate4852 3 роки тому

    Great video! Very informative! Thank you!

  • @peterszar
    @peterszar 3 роки тому

    Geez, what a fascinating video. Fantastic images of the Sun and the MCE's. I've known and understand the physics involved, being a physicist, but the motion pictures or CG images really brought the theories and science together for the masses. Good job Curious Droid.

  • @LordandGodofYouTube
    @LordandGodofYouTube 3 роки тому +9

    Only a few minutes ago I was thinking "I wonder if Curious Droid has any new videos?". Perfect timing :)

  • @Skinflaps_Meatslapper
    @Skinflaps_Meatslapper 3 роки тому +11

    Everyone is always "no we're not ready" and I'm always over here "hell yes I'm ready"
    2020 has been a damn good year for me so far

  • @ahunter9503
    @ahunter9503 3 роки тому

    Thank you for uploading.

  • @micpic119
    @micpic119 3 роки тому

    Extremely well done.

  • @MarcusHouse
    @MarcusHouse 3 роки тому +12

    This is a very good reminder of how prepared we need to be for huge CME's. With tech like Starlink coming out, who knows how badly the entire network would suffer if hit by this sort of CME.
    Thanks for the video!

    • @paddor
      @paddor 3 роки тому +2

      We know how badly it would suffer. But the effects of that will be much worse. Large areas offline (electricity-wise and internet-wise) for extended periods of time will be devastating for the people of today.

    • @abelis644
      @abelis644 3 роки тому

      The way 2020 is going, a massive CME wouldn't surprise me in the least, right after the next, 9.5 subduction earthquake here in the West Coast of Canada...

    • @StickyIky
      @StickyIky 3 роки тому

      Marcus House i hope elon musk knows about this

  • @TaeSunWoo
    @TaeSunWoo 3 роки тому +24

    2020: write that down, write that down!!

  • @spacecowboy2483
    @spacecowboy2483 3 роки тому

    Great video Paul. I must admit that when I saw the title of this video I didn't feel very attracted to the topic and ended clicking on it without much enthusiasm. However, as I went on watching I got more and more fascinated thanks to your excellent content creating skills. Great job!

  • @Emilio-oc6pv
    @Emilio-oc6pv 3 роки тому

    Well done on the graphics!

  • @lifeisstr4nge
    @lifeisstr4nge 3 роки тому +13

    "The shirt in our video was unprepared and was affected immediately, which is why it looks the way it does in the video" - Paul Shillito

  • @chadunderwood5924
    @chadunderwood5924 3 роки тому +6

    Earth: we got the corona
    Sun: Hold my beer

  • @andynz7
    @andynz7 3 роки тому

    Amazing documentary, you are incredible!

  • @victoriabullock1444
    @victoriabullock1444 3 роки тому

    I just found this channel; awesome content!! Thank you!!

  • @lordsamich755
    @lordsamich755 3 роки тому +48

    How prepared were we for a global pandemic, that everybody knew was going to happen sooner or later?

    • @jameswhite1910
      @jameswhite1910 3 роки тому +5

      Apparently SUPER well prepared! Overall mortality due to "Pneumonia and Influenza-Like Illness" is exactly in the range of "NORMAL" in Q1 2020. So Well Done everyone! Nothing happened! We survived!!

    • @ferox965
      @ferox965 3 роки тому +4

      @@RHYD_ He's a conspiracy theorist. All their parents are related. Getting through to him would be like playing pool with a piece of rope.

    • @Abdega
      @Abdega 3 роки тому +2

      @@jameswhite1910 Everyone lost their fookin minds, I don’t think that’s nothing

    • @commode7x
      @commode7x 3 роки тому +1

      @@jameswhite1910 Hooray for everyone except those who are dead!

    • @commode7x
      @commode7x 3 роки тому +5

      @@Rachel-tz2ls The biggest factor in the COVID-19 pandemic that caused increased mortality was and is the massive disinformation campaign by plague deniers.
      The Chinese government tried to downplay the epidemic on its outset, and the American populace did their best to report the rampant reports of infection and death as not happening. It was almost as if someone was pulling the strings of both the Communist Party and the Republican Party to simultaneously act as one.
      Was there someone acting behind the scenes? Don't know. Don't care. The biggest factor in the spread of the disease right now are those disinformation agents. They're pulling their own strings, and the primary means of protecting yourself is cutting those strings in any way possible.

  • @grumpyhale821
    @grumpyhale821 3 роки тому +4

    I like that here in England we are just like "we're open, bring it!"

    • @wandawright3940
      @wandawright3940 3 роки тому

      Here in Virginia too. We going on with life. Well, most of us

  • @geoff9759
    @geoff9759 3 роки тому

    Well explained thank you

  • @goodkilltubehard10.07
    @goodkilltubehard10.07 3 роки тому

    Thank you for information.

  • @yamuiemata
    @yamuiemata 3 роки тому +13

    The 2012 supersolar storm was compared to the Carrington event
    Back then it was estimated it would have sent us to stone age because it will destroy all the electric infrastructure
    Imagine now in 2020...with all the phones internet etc 🙈

    • @krashd
      @krashd 3 роки тому +1

      In 2012 we had all the phones internet etc... it was only 8 years ago dude :/

    • @yamuiemata
      @yamuiemata 3 роки тому +1

      @@krashd dude...in 2012 there were 680 million smartphones sold worldwide compared to 1.517 billion in 2019

    • @krashd
      @krashd 3 роки тому

      @@yamuiemata Do you still have the same phone you had in 2012? Nobody else does.

    • @yamuiemata
      @yamuiemata 3 роки тому

      @@krashd actually I do still have it and it works altho the battery life is dogshit
      However you're missing the point in the statistics measurement

    • @thenasadude6878
      @thenasadude6878 3 роки тому +3

      Not having Smartphones is not a very good metric of the impact of such an event. You have to look at the growth of cloud services from 2012 to today, and it's massive.
      That's where industry data is at, and if data centers go down, that means no orders, no shipments, no production. I've dealt with companies that lost their data, and it's a total nightmare. If everyone looses their data, that's a doomsday scenario.
      Any good business must have procedures in place to deal with partial and total loss of their IT infrastructure. This might seem a huge task, but you might print and preserve the current situation once a while (financial situation, all contacts and addresses, production status, etc) and be much better off. You don't want to do it too often, because it's lengthy and costly, but you want to do it at least once or twice a year if you don't wish to be back at square zero with your business when it happens. Because it will eventually happen

  • @PoleToPoleTravel
    @PoleToPoleTravel 3 роки тому +92

    Guys relax, this isn't gonna happen until at least September.

  • @chrissartain4430
    @chrissartain4430 3 роки тому

    Great film as always!

  • @gertvanpeet3120
    @gertvanpeet3120 3 роки тому

    Enjoying this! As a technician for 41years...best explanation !

  • @brittaniwilliams4805
    @brittaniwilliams4805 3 роки тому +5

    December 21, 2020. Those who know, know 😉

    • @noahdeark7173
      @noahdeark7173 3 роки тому +3

      Brittani Williams I can 100% agree that there will definitely be a shift in human consciousness...everyone seems to be waking up at alarming rates, won’t be the same after.

    • @brittaniwilliams4805
      @brittaniwilliams4805 3 роки тому +2

      Noah De Ark I agree!!! ✨✨✨✨

  • @Alec_Reaper
    @Alec_Reaper 3 роки тому +10

    I'm watching tgis while drunk :)

    • @majcorbin
      @majcorbin 3 роки тому +6

      even better when drunk & stoned my friend Alec

    • @rogecoeurdelion7699
      @rogecoeurdelion7699 3 роки тому

      Well done mate. You are watching Curious Droid pissed and alone. The alone sound you should be hearing now are the alarm bells of your self respect.

    • @freddymarcel-marcum6831
      @freddymarcel-marcum6831 3 роки тому +1

      Me too m8

    • @Alec_Reaper
      @Alec_Reaper 3 роки тому

      @@rogecoeurdelion7699 yer gey

  • @dinoflame9696
    @dinoflame9696 3 роки тому +2

    Those maps from USGS are incredible. What an amazing organization.

  • @solarweatheraware3880
    @solarweatheraware3880 2 роки тому

    Excellent presentation