No, it wasn't built near to Arundel Castle, the fort at Burpham pre-dates Arundel by hundreds of years. As you said, it is probably an iron age fort which was re-used by Alfred to create a defensive burgh. Arundel Castle was built in1067 by Roger de Montgomery, presumably he chose the location because of its proximity to Burpham (so he could keep an eye on the local Saxons). Also, Arundel Castle dominates the river valley to the East and South in a way that Burpham doesn't, because Alfred's Burghs were primarily defensive structures to provide a refuge for local people from Viking attack, whereas the original Arundel motte and bailey castle was built to subjugate the local anglo-saxon population..
I have not done the research to back me up so correct me if I’m wrong, but the mound (oldest)part of arundel castle, pre dated the Norman castle. At that time the burpham probably would have been the more important structure?
Hard to say. According to the Fountain of All Pagan Knowledge (AI Rachels Trifle) it will tell you that "it was later demolished" usually as someone could not be bothered to sweep it. Very credible. Iago says so so you must obey the Warlocks when the disharmonious "bell" goes off. Either that or it was "later turned into a Pie Factory". Something like Bretton Woods OBVIOUSLY made for Pies. Sultan after Sultan....No wonder Omar Khayyam was drunk under an Olive Tree a lot...."Grape Absolut". Too many magic carpets whirrrrling by....to notice faces.
I've been to Arundel a couple of times before, but never known this existed. But it's a significant earthwork. As you said, it was almost certainly surrounded by water back in the day, with ships loading and unloading. The silting up of the harbour is therefore (I would say) the reason why it died out as a settlement on the promontary. Alfred must have thought it was just like Athelney. Nice!
I would imagine with the Duke of Norfolk sitting in Arundels competing fort/castle and him being a direct descendent of William the conqueror would have had an impact on whether the fort stayed in use. When you see what happened to the in its day the finest house in England , Michelgrove house?. The Normans became dominant for a reason.
@@exploringsussex Good explore. Do you ever wonder why they deleted so much of our History, Castles, Forts etc. Strange that you can't find out much of what was in the country. Thx for sharing
Amazing what is on your doorstep! Certainly given me some ideas for new local walks. I'm between Amberley/Houghton and midpoint to Rackham, Hesworth and Coates commons. My most recent find was the local "coffin trail" to the church. Thanks for a very relaxed, entertaining and informative film. I am already subscribed, so will look out for more gems in due course!
Great video -I traced Family ancestors back to Burpham and am a frequent visitor to the village with my wife and we love the views from up there , the birds you saw circling were either Red Kites or Buzzards
It would be great if there was a sign and an information board about the history. Near then I was buzzed by a sparrow hawk. They glide over the tall hedge rows so I never have time to record them but get a close encounter of the bird kind
Agreed. As far as I know the only parts investigated have been the foundation for the community centre and the entrance. Maybe dredging the river nearby? I’m sure some items must have fallen overboard. The Arun is now home to my go pro and prescription sunglasses!
That's an excellent example of a purpose-built Saxon burgh as Vikings attacked by using waterways it would of predated Arundel and is large enough to accommodate a significant fyrd. ( local armed force).
any evidence for the 'camp' part of Warningcamp being a reference to a pre-saxon, or civil war site (though the latter would seem too recent to affect a place name)?
Well I'll be blowed....I was born in a house half way up the hill opposite spent my younger years all over that area...learned to drive working on the farm you glimpsed as you went down the path...I even saw and explored the excavation before the new village hall was built ...and of course had many beers in the pub... When young would sit outside with my packet of crisps and bottle of pop watching the Morris dancers while the grown ups drank inside...I think they filmed some of the series poldark up on the hill so my gran told me ...funny to think theres not an inch of that village i havent been to yet never knew that part of its history...as a kid I went up to the top of the church to change the flag.. lord Nelson's relative owned the manor house opposite the pub...you should investigate the gibbet where they tarred people and left then to rot in the cage....all good stuff ..thanks for the trip home living in Canada now i do miss the old sights....
Thanks for your feedback. Spoiler alert next weeks video has the Gibbet in it. I have previously filmed the gibbet post, but I’m hoping my presenting and filming has improved since. I have also made a short this week. I’ll have to keep an eye out for the poldark scenes
As you drive along the road to burpham especially where the land gets hi on the right hand side you'll see. Scallops cut out of the hillside and remnants of big holes around the area as there were searchlight stations around the hills and the german bombs made lots of new ponds and geographic features etc there was also the remnants of an old tank up on one of the tracks past hi barn farm...and over the back of the hill there's the trotting and practice tracks for the dukes horses... Like I said in last comment lord and Lady Jane Nelson yes relatives of lord horatio lived in the manor house where my gran God bless her was char lady so I got to explore the hidden passages and servants corridors etc... you brought back many memories thanks
Great tour. You need to check out a book called Downland by Roger Coleman, an artist who moved to Burpham in the 1980s and drew the seasons, the landscape, buildings and local people. The Fort field was used as a recreational place for summer fairs, etc.
Great video, thanks for the work that's gone into it. I'm not sure if it's true but someone who lived in Arundel once told me they had Buffalo in a field somewhere near Burpham. I think it was the farm that's on a tight left hand bend just before the little bed and breakfast up there.
Thank you. I had a sparrow hawk fly right over me near there a few weeks back. So close I could see the colour of he’s eyes! I agree they are probably red kites.
King Alfred ordered the first burhs built as a series of interlinked fortresses to fend off invading Danish armies and raiders. Whatever else you can say about the Vikings, they were notoriously useless at siege warfare, which made burhs into a highly effective system of defence. Supposedly, the burhs were located so that no English village or farm lay further than 20 miles from the nearest burh, with roads linking the burhs providing easy access for fleeing locals and mustering English armies rushing to confront any invasion. The system worked so well that Alfred’s descendants continued to build burhs when they slowly conquered their way northwards. Edinburgh in Scotland derives the last part of its name from a burh built by the Northumbrians, the kingdom of Northumbria extending into lowland Scotland until the 950’s. A fact which must have driven Alex Salmond barmy!
Hey cool video! I beat you to this one about 5 months ago! I wanted to walk down Jacob's Ladder, but it was too steep for my old self to come back up. The wife and I had lunch at The George (and Dragon) the second time I visited to get footage and photos. "Burpham and its Fort"
I’m glad you enjoyed it. I enjoyed making this video. You should head back and reverse my walk down Jacob’s ladder along the river and back to the George for a well deserved lunch!
The walk up from footpath to the George outside the vallam is quite gentle and is mostly a road if you go down Jacob’s ladder and turn right you will be ok. As you saw in the video there are hand rails.
Thank you for sharing your walk in the country. I only recently came across your videos, which are most interesting as I live near Bramber Castle. I have subscribed. You may be interested to know that Mervyn Peake, who wrote the famous Gormenghast fantasy novels is buried in Burpham churchyard. I went to find his headstone years ago and it stands out from the others as he only died in the sixties.
Our lord and saviour died and rose again at the age of 33. It symbolises the rebirth of the soul. When you are born you are blind. As you grow you learn and eventually are reborn into the man. Most men becone men in their early 30s.
Keep on looking you have only scratched the surface of the areas history.. In all likely hood the Arun valley was a marsh during the early medieval period and the Arun a shifting delta. The main channel was actually closer to the railway station until the Arundel port was developed. Arundel was a minor river crossing community of not great importance until the Normans arrived. Though the fortifications that encircle the Arundel castle cricket club to the north of the current castle could be from this earlier period. The Burpham fort is a natural feature created by the Arun and the Burpham splash (stream) with minor fortification.. The Downs around Burpham are littered with "Celtic fields" which are early field terraces. Each one is often in view of another one , such is the density. During the iron age the population on the Downs would have been considerably larger than today. Hence Burpham would have been a natural fortification and trade point. Burpham even had its own legal coin mint, such was its importance.
Thank you for the history. I don’t have the time currently to research history so it’s great to get some more. So my conclusion was correct that it would have a militarised port then?
It would be great to get some more history on this. A excavation to fine out whether it had a wooden or stone walls would be great. I have seen so many places where the local house’s are made from the scavenged parts from a castle
I thought that the fort was used in the English Civil war by Cromwell’s army, I assume the royalists were in Arundel castle. I know that there was even a gun placed high up in Arundel cathedral.
That sounds likely. I know that they attacked from the south stoke area. I would like to find out more about lyminster siege castle? I think I know the location but I couldn’t find anything online
May well have been, but Wallers army approached from Madehurst and camped the night before just north of the Fairmile nature reserve on the A29, south of the Whiteways roundabout and the war dyke. the siege guns were mainly on and around StNicholas church as the Cathedral is C19. Further siege earth works can be seen going up to the entrance to the Park opposite the RC primary school
Thank you, great to get some local history. In next week’s video I walk down some of the monarchs way, so where the king would have fled . It’s behind this fort and lyminster siege castle in a coombe so there would be no line of sight, but perilous
Shouldn't it be pronounced "Burp-ham" like Clapham in London? The "ph" = f phoneme in English spelling us usually used to indicate that the word has a Greek origin but Burpham, Wepham and Felpham are all Saxon names. Also, I'm not sure about 'burf'. Shouldn't that be "burh"? My guess is that when posh people took over Burpham they were mildly embarrassed by the locals calling it "Burp'am" and so they started calling it Burfam.
I am not normally good with pronunciation, but I have been told it is pronounced Burf-ham. The locals have confirmed that is the pronunciation is correct.
@@exploringsussex You're right. Most people I know agree with you, that it is pronounced "Burfam" (and "Felfam,") but my guess is still that this pronunciation is less than 100 years old. I think that outsiders moving into the area probably based their pronunciation on how it is spelled, rather than on what the local farmworkers called it. The only people that can afford a home in Burpham are very wealthy, so there's probably not many people left whose families go back in the village for generations. We'd need to find an expert on the rural West Sussex dialect to find out if my theory is right.
@@parksideevangelicalchurch2886 I agree there has probably been seen some social influence. I guess it’s like the Beverly Hills of arundel. Near enough to have the prestige but far enough from the common folk. Ha ha
Yeah you can… mix up cement and sand, or other aggregates. In these old buildings though, it might be lime mortar, which helps the walls breathe and doesn’t trap moisture behind it. so yeah… concrete render is a thing, depending on definitions I suppose. I live in a listed building in Sussex and our external walls are rendered with lime mortar. previous owners have repaired with cement mixes and some walls have been completely re-rendered with cement over the top of the flint and brick work. It’s these areas where damp appears inside and internal plaster cracks. I’ve visited Burpham loads of times (The George is my favourite pub! Their food is delicious!) and never knew about this, so thanks for the really interesting video.
@@simonedmondson7633 I'm a plasterer by trade and I build houses for a living. Worked on every kind of building there is.. Concrete is a mix of 1 part sand one part cement one part water with aggregates if needed. Mortar, which is what render is, is more like 1 part cement 3 parts sand depending. Plasterer sand comes with all sorts of aggregates depending where you are in the country. All mortar that is spread on a wall as plaster is render..you never spread concrete on a wall. Ever.
No, it wasn't built near to Arundel Castle, the fort at Burpham pre-dates Arundel by hundreds of years. As you said, it is probably an iron age fort which was re-used by Alfred to create a defensive burgh. Arundel Castle was built in1067 by Roger de Montgomery, presumably he chose the location because of its proximity to Burpham (so he could keep an eye on the local Saxons). Also, Arundel Castle dominates the river valley to the East and South in a way that Burpham doesn't, because Alfred's Burghs were primarily defensive structures to provide a refuge for local people from Viking attack, whereas the original Arundel motte and bailey castle was built to subjugate the local anglo-saxon population..
I have not done the research to back me up so correct me if I’m wrong, but the mound (oldest)part of arundel castle, pre dated the Norman castle. At that time the burpham probably would have been the more important structure?
Hard to say. According to the Fountain of All Pagan Knowledge (AI Rachels Trifle) it will tell you that "it was later demolished" usually as someone could not be bothered to sweep it.
Very credible. Iago says so so you must obey the Warlocks when the disharmonious "bell" goes off. Either that or it was "later turned into a Pie Factory". Something like Bretton Woods OBVIOUSLY made for Pies.
Sultan after Sultan....No wonder Omar Khayyam was drunk under an Olive Tree a lot...."Grape Absolut". Too many magic carpets whirrrrling by....to notice faces.
Goes to show you never know whats on your doorstep hey, nice find
Thanks, next week I visit that clump of trees that I was on my way to when I found this
One of the best kept churchyards I’ve ever seen . Lived in Sussex for many years did not know of this find . Thank you for the video 👍
Agreed the whole village was immaculate. Thanks for the feedback 🙂
A regular walk over many years and I never realised the history. Nice one!
Thanks for taking the time to comment. It’s good to get feedback and it helps with the algorithm 🙂
I was there last weekend, from Eastbourne. Beautuful 😊
It’s a hidden gem 💎
I've been to Arundel a couple of times before, but never known this existed. But it's a significant earthwork. As you said, it was almost certainly surrounded by water back in the day, with ships loading and unloading. The silting up of the harbour is therefore (I would say) the reason why it died out as a settlement on the promontary. Alfred must have thought it was just like Athelney. Nice!
I would imagine with the Duke of Norfolk sitting in Arundels competing fort/castle and him being a direct descendent of William the conqueror would have had an impact on whether the fort stayed in use. When you see what happened to the in its day the finest house in England , Michelgrove house?. The Normans became dominant for a reason.
@@exploringsussex
Good explore. Do you ever wonder why they deleted so much of our History, Castles, Forts etc.
Strange that you can't find out much of what was in the country.
Thx for sharing
@See-through-The-Veil Napoleon said “history is a set of lies agreed upon “
@@exploringsussex
For sure.. History (HIS- STORY) Not ours 😄
Really interesting and local, thanks for posting.
Thank you for your feedback, it helps me to make better future videos
Probably a great place for detectorists. Great find.
Probably would be
Amazing what is on your doorstep! Certainly given me some ideas for new local walks. I'm between Amberley/Houghton and midpoint to Rackham, Hesworth and Coates commons. My most recent find was the local "coffin trail" to the church. Thanks for a very relaxed, entertaining and informative film. I am already subscribed, so will look out for more gems in due course!
Thanks for the feedback, I have some ideas for some videos in that area so keep an eye out.
Great video -I traced Family ancestors back to Burpham and am a frequent visitor to the village with my wife and we love the views from up there , the birds you saw circling were either Red Kites or Buzzards
It would be great if there was a sign and an information board about the history. Near then I was buzzed by a sparrow hawk. They glide over the tall hedge rows so I never have time to record them but get a close encounter of the bird kind
Bet there a few artefacts laying around those fields very interesting. Best call Time team in to take a look.
Agreed. As far as I know the only parts investigated have been the foundation for the community centre and the entrance. Maybe dredging the river nearby? I’m sure some items must have fallen overboard. The Arun is now home to my go pro and prescription sunglasses!
Great bit of research !
Thank you glad you enjoyed the video
Thank you.
Thank you for commenting. It helps the channel grow. 🙂
I investigated this mound in Burpham in the sixties for a school project. The locals said it was of Saxon origin.
It was definitely used by the Saxons and the Vallem is probably Saxon.
Oh yes. Everything is Saxon around Sussex alright. Every name and even medical centres. Lest you forget.
That's an excellent example of a purpose-built Saxon burgh as Vikings attacked by using waterways it would of
predated Arundel and is large enough to accommodate a significant fyrd. ( local armed force).
It does capture your imagination being stood in the fort field. I’m still amazed this location is a hidden gem.
@@exploringsussex Doesn't capture the imagination what the Vikings did to Lindisfarne. Only going there would tell you that.
@acw7120 I would love to visit
any evidence for the 'camp' part of Warningcamp being a reference to a pre-saxon, or civil war site (though the latter would seem too recent to affect a place name)?
Warningcamp derives its name from Waernas camp meaning Waernas field. We don’t know Waerna was?
Well I'll be blowed....I was born in a house half way up the hill opposite spent my younger years all over that area...learned to drive working on the farm you glimpsed as you went down the path...I even saw and explored the excavation before the new village hall was built ...and of course had many beers in the pub... When young would sit outside with my packet of crisps and bottle of pop watching the Morris dancers while the grown ups drank inside...I think they filmed some of the series poldark up on the hill so my gran told me ...funny to think theres not an inch of that village i havent been to yet never knew that part of its history...as a kid I went up to the top of the church to change the flag.. lord Nelson's relative owned the manor house opposite the pub...you should investigate the gibbet where they tarred people and left then to rot in the cage....all good stuff ..thanks for the trip home living in Canada now i do miss the old sights....
Thanks for your feedback. Spoiler alert next weeks video has the Gibbet in it. I have previously filmed the gibbet post, but I’m hoping my presenting and filming has improved since. I have also made a short this week. I’ll have to keep an eye out for the poldark scenes
As you drive along the road to burpham especially where the land gets hi on the right hand side you'll see. Scallops cut out of the hillside and remnants of big holes around the area as there were searchlight stations around the hills and the german bombs made lots of new ponds and geographic features etc there was also the remnants of an old tank up on one of the tracks past hi barn farm...and over the back of the hill there's the trotting and practice tracks for the dukes horses...
Like I said in last comment lord and Lady Jane Nelson yes relatives of lord horatio lived in the manor house where my gran God bless her was char lady so I got to explore the hidden passages and servants corridors etc... you brought back many memories thanks
Great tour. You need to check out a book called Downland by Roger Coleman, an artist who moved to Burpham in the 1980s and drew the seasons, the landscape, buildings and local people. The Fort field was used as a recreational place for summer fairs, etc.
Thanks for your suggestion.🙂
Great video, thanks for the work that's gone into it.
I'm not sure if it's true but someone who lived in Arundel once told me they had Buffalo in a field somewhere near Burpham. I think it was the farm that's on a tight left hand bend just before the little bed and breakfast up there.
Thanks for the feedback. It would have been great to see and film a Buffalo!
Most interesting! Near me, I shall go for a walk... The birds will be Red Kites rather than hawks tho. Keep going!
Thank you. I had a sparrow hawk fly right over me near there a few weeks back. So close I could see the colour of he’s eyes! I agree they are probably red kites.
Nice video
Thank you for your feedback 🙂
King Alfred ordered the first burhs built as a series of interlinked fortresses to fend off invading Danish armies and raiders. Whatever else you can say about the Vikings, they were notoriously useless at siege warfare, which made burhs into a highly effective system of defence. Supposedly, the burhs were located so that no English village or farm lay further than 20 miles from the nearest burh, with roads linking the burhs providing easy access for fleeing locals and mustering English armies rushing to confront any invasion. The system worked so well that Alfred’s descendants continued to build burhs when they slowly conquered their way northwards. Edinburgh in Scotland derives the last part of its name from a burh built by the Northumbrians, the kingdom of Northumbria extending into lowland Scotland until the 950’s. A fact which must have driven Alex Salmond barmy!
Interesting history. Thanks for sharing 🙂
Some say the Vikings were so vicious they were only attackers; they did not ever read or write. "Rape and Pillage". Nature.
Hey cool video! I beat you to this one about 5 months ago! I wanted to walk down Jacob's Ladder, but it was too steep for my old self to come back up. The wife and I had lunch at The George (and Dragon) the second time I visited to get footage and photos. "Burpham and its Fort"
I’m glad you enjoyed it. I enjoyed making this video. You should head back and reverse my walk down Jacob’s ladder along the river and back to the George for a well deserved lunch!
@@exploringsussex - ROFL! If there's a defibrillator at the top of the hill for when I get done, I might try that!
Only heard of The White Rabbit..
The walk up from footpath to the George outside the vallam is quite gentle and is mostly a road if you go down Jacob’s ladder and turn right you will be ok. As you saw in the video there are hand rails.
Do you mean the black rabbit?
🏰❤
God I miss summer already, especially as we didn’t have one this year.
It was a lovely day today in Sussex. There is another aesthetically pleasing video in the pipeline. 🙂
LOVE ARUNDEL , ESPECIALY OUR CATHEDRIAL THERE CATHOLIC
Agreed, I did a video on the cathedral a couple of years ago. I need to make some more content in arundel, including it’s castle
Thank you for sharing your walk in the country. I only recently came across your videos, which are most interesting as I live near Bramber Castle. I have subscribed.
You may be interested to know that Mervyn Peake, who wrote the famous Gormenghast fantasy novels is buried in Burpham churchyard. I went to find his headstone years ago and it stands out from the others as he only died in the sixties.
I have thought about doing some videos about famous graves. There are a lot locally and it gives me an excuse to visit these amazing churches.
Thanks for your reply@@exploringsussex
Built 33 of them. Interesting 😲
Club33
Our lord and saviour died and rose again at the age of 33. It symbolises the rebirth of the soul. When you are born you are blind. As you grow you learn and eventually are reborn into the man. Most men becone men in their early 30s.
@stickemuppunkitsthefunlovi4733 Russel Brand has it tattooed on his wrist
I've migrated to Colorado. Not a patch on West Sussex.
I’m sure it’s got its own charms ?
🙂
Keep on looking you have only scratched the surface of the areas history.. In all likely hood the Arun valley was a marsh during the early medieval period and the Arun a shifting delta. The main channel was actually closer to the railway station until the Arundel port was developed. Arundel was a minor river crossing community of not great importance until the Normans arrived. Though the fortifications that encircle the Arundel castle cricket club to the north of the current castle could be from this earlier period. The Burpham fort is a natural feature created by the Arun and the Burpham splash (stream) with minor fortification.. The Downs around Burpham are littered with "Celtic fields" which are early field terraces. Each one is often in view of another one , such is the density. During the iron age the population on the Downs would have been considerably larger than today. Hence Burpham would have been a natural fortification and trade point. Burpham even had its own legal coin mint, such was its importance.
Thank you for the history. I don’t have the time currently to research history so it’s great to get some more. So my conclusion was correct that it would have a militarised port then?
They should get time team in to have a root around
It would be great to get some more history on this. A excavation to fine out whether it had a wooden or stone walls would be great. I have seen so many places where the local house’s are made from the scavenged parts from a castle
Toolay Toolay.
Need Time Team on there with some Gyo-phys
I would love to see a time team there!
I thought that the fort was used in the English Civil war by Cromwell’s army, I assume the royalists were in Arundel castle. I know that there was even a gun placed high up in Arundel cathedral.
That sounds likely. I know that they attacked from the south stoke area. I would like to find out more about lyminster siege castle? I think I know the location but I couldn’t find anything online
May well have been, but Wallers army approached from Madehurst and camped the night before just north of the Fairmile nature reserve on the A29, south of the Whiteways roundabout and the war dyke. the siege guns were mainly on and around StNicholas church as the Cathedral is C19. Further siege earth works can be seen going up to the entrance to the Park opposite the RC primary school
@@1011jjs thanks that is very interesting.
@@exploringsussex that would be good to see, it would have a very commanding view across the valley from Lyminster.
Thank you, great to get some local history. In next week’s video I walk down some of the monarchs way, so where the king would have fled . It’s behind this fort and lyminster siege castle in a coombe so there would be no line of sight, but perilous
Shouldn't it be pronounced "Burp-ham" like Clapham in London? The "ph" = f phoneme in English spelling us usually used to indicate that the word has a Greek origin but Burpham, Wepham and Felpham are all Saxon names. Also, I'm not sure about 'burf'. Shouldn't that be "burh"? My guess is that when posh people took over Burpham they were mildly embarrassed by the locals calling it "Burp'am" and so they started calling it Burfam.
I am not normally good with pronunciation, but I have been told it is pronounced Burf-ham. The locals have confirmed that is the pronunciation is correct.
@@exploringsussex You're right. Most people I know agree with you, that it is pronounced "Burfam" (and "Felfam,") but my guess is still that this pronunciation is less than 100 years old. I think that outsiders moving into the area probably based their pronunciation on how it is spelled, rather than on what the local farmworkers called it. The only people that can afford a home in Burpham are very wealthy, so there's probably not many people left whose families go back in the village for generations. We'd need to find an expert on the rural West Sussex dialect to find out if my theory is right.
@@parksideevangelicalchurch2886 I agree there has probably been seen some social influence. I guess it’s like the Beverly Hills of arundel. Near enough to have the prestige but far enough from the common folk. Ha ha
You dont render with concrete lol
Yeah you can… mix up cement and sand, or other aggregates. In these old buildings though, it might be lime mortar, which helps the walls breathe and doesn’t trap moisture behind it. so yeah… concrete render is a thing, depending on definitions I suppose. I live in a listed building in Sussex and our external walls are rendered with lime mortar. previous owners have repaired with cement mixes and some walls have been completely re-rendered with cement over the top of the flint and brick work. It’s these areas where damp appears inside and internal plaster cracks.
I’ve visited Burpham loads of times (The George is my favourite pub! Their food is delicious!) and never knew about this, so thanks for the really interesting video.
Thank you for the explanation and feedback. I may visit the George myself at sometime. 🙂
@@simonedmondson7633 I'm a plasterer by trade and I build houses for a living. Worked on every kind of building there is..
Concrete is a mix of 1 part sand one part cement one part water with aggregates if needed.
Mortar, which is what render is, is more like 1 part cement 3 parts sand depending. Plasterer sand comes with all sorts of aggregates depending where you are in the country.
All mortar that is spread on a wall as plaster is render..you never spread concrete on a wall. Ever.
@@stickemuppunkitsthefunlovi4733 Nice one, cheers for the knowledge. 👍
Spanish do...ground moves each year easier.