These words DON'T EXIST in Dutch!!
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- Опубліковано 5 чер 2024
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Timestamps:
0:00 intro
1:16 to teach
2:19 cousins
4:23 siblings
5:23 girlfriend & boyfriend
7:50 I love you
10:20 "dor" & "saudade"
12:59 Are there any words in your language that don't exist in Dutch?
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🎥 In this video I am going to "learn" you some words that we don't have in Dutch ;)
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*Are there any words in your language that don't exist in Dutch? Share them in the comments!*
Though it sounds old Dutch... You could say: "Ik belief je."
So the word does exist. Just not very used these days, as it sounds odd.
@@GeorgeSaint666 That's more for eating and drinking I thought. In my Brabant dialect you can say i.e. Blief je thee? Or blief je zuurkool?
Is liefdesverdriet maybe an appropriate word? Maybe not exactly the same though... 🤔
Huh, in Indonesian, the base word for teach and learn is "Ajar". When we say "I am studying" as "Aku sedang *bel* ajar", and "I am teaching" as "Aku sedang *meng* ajar". It's got a similar function with Leren.
There are many words in Arabic do not exist in Dutch and many other languages. I.e. the word come in English is one word, but in Arabic it has 5 or six words depending on how and when some one has come, just when you hear the word you can figure out other meanings of the word .. wither someone come voluntarily or pushed or at night or in the morning depending on that word. And I can give many other examples. Arabic has the most vocabularies in the world which counts in more than six million comparing to any other languages which don’t exceeds 600 thousands words at the most 😊 and that is true
To teach in Dutch exists for sure:
to teach = onderwijzen
Teacher = onderwijzer
En aanleren. Ik leer jou xx aan.
Lesgeven is also a verb meaning to teach (give lesson literally in English)
@@elmconcepts A h ja, vloggers... ze zijn zo zelfzeker en verkopen een hoop onzin.
Het werkwoord 'onderwijzen' bestaat natuurlijk wel - maar we gebruiken het (bijna) nooit.
@@moniquevaneeden4137 "Don't exist"... 😁
Er is ook nog aanleren, doceren, onderrichten, scholen, opleiden, ...
There is a German word for siblings: Geschwister!
I thought that only meant "sisters". It applies to brothers as wel?
No it doesn’t. Geschwister refers to brothers as wel.
@@GeorgeSaint666 it applies to brothers as well.
@@GeorgeSaint666 Interestingly, the word used to mean only sisters. It came with an accompanying Gebrüder for just ones brothers. Well, rather the Old and Middle High German equivalents were used in that meaning.
But between the 11th and 14th century a shift in meaning of both words happened. "Gebrüder" came to mean very specifically brothers who are jointly managing a business while Geschwister became siblings of any kind.
Funnily enough the Brothers Grimm used to complain that they were often called "Gebrüder Grimm" and not, as they did themselves, "Brüder Grimm".
@@caylahcolonia Maar siblings betekend toch ook niet alleen zussen?
"Ik houd van jou" could be similarly expressed in English as: I'm beholden to you. This doesn't mean possession of the other person but that the other person has possessed you, your heart, your care. I think it's a lovely way to express it. Could it not possibly have this meaning in Dutch?
I think in the Flanders, they use the words "vriendtje" for boyfriend and " vriendinnetje" for girlfriend. Both words are direct translations from the French words " petit-ami" and " petite-amie"
Yes we also use them here :)
@@learndutchwithkim Kim this may be an interresting topic for a video. "Verkleinwoorden", which we Dutch excel in and you can find hardly in any other language, often give the word a specific meaning in context towards a subject. Like "meid/meisje". Meisje can mean just a little girl. When used towards an adult woman you like, it adds a form a tenderness to it, provided the specific annotation. The "tje" can be used in context to like something, but sometimes also to insult, like: "Mijn boot vaart beter dan jouw bootje",... though the second boat could in reality still be bigger. I betya this have given translators from Dutch to other language often headaches in how to translate it.
Yes, but we also use "lief" for either boyfriend or girlfriend. E.g. "zij is mijn lief". Also in this traditional folksong: ua-cam.com/video/9SaoY_Pkv1c/v-deo.html
It is vriendje
Its vriendje not vriendtje
In Russian there is also a word for missing something/someone very badly: “Toska”. Roughly translated as sadness, melancholia, lugubriousness.
I think that "pine for" in English has a similar meaning to "dor" and "saudade" . (For example, we were taught that in Greek mythology, "Echo pined for Narcissus so much that she faded away and only her voice was left.")
In Dutch, "bakken" can mean both "bake' and "fry". "Koken" can mean both "cook" and "boil" "Taart" seems to mean both cake and pie. "Lenen" can mean both "lend" and "borrow".
Yes, very good examples!
"Lenen" for both "lend" and "borrow", "leren" for both "teach" and "learn", those are examples of "contronyms". A contronym is a word that represents a concept AND its opposite. Languages are weird :p
For "lend" I would use "uitlenen"
But we have 2 words for the one English word to know. Kennen and weten
Yearning is also a good word in English for the sentiment.
In Portuguese and Spanish we use the same word as "brothers" to refer to siblings (because masculine forms are often considered the neutral gender)
Children too. Hijos/filhos
Ahhh Oke!! Poor women being discriminated always ;)
@@learndutchwithkimBut on the other hand, if we say "sisters", it only means female siblings. If we say "brothers" you have to specify if they are all male or both male and female siblings. Women have a whole gender only for them :D
In Italian as well! ✋
That’s true, Andreo. But “irmãos” can also mean brothers (only male ones). So, to me it’s not exactly equivalent to siblings. It’s more complicated. 😜
As a speaker of a few languages, I don't think "I love you" is less serious than any other form in another language tbh. But in ones native speech everything sounds a lot more serious and meaningful I think, simply because you have a more intricate understanding of all the nuances in a word.
We do tend to watch a lot of English speaking movies where "I love you" is thrown around quite a lot, loosing it's deeper meaning as you become more dull to it.
And the word love itself is used in more casual speech as well.
I should make a disclaimer that I'm not a native speaker of English tho.
In Polish we also have a word for siblings.
But we also have one word for teaching/learning. In general I see more similarities between Polish and Dutch than Polish and English.
All those similarities come from the fact that Dutch is a Germanic language and Polish is the most German-influenced Slavic language. English just departed from German much further than Dutch, hence less similarity to Polish.
In Afrikaans we have "Ek verlang na jou", that means I miss you, but if you were to translate it directly it would mean I long to be with you.
We also have "Ek is lief vir jou" that would translate to I love you in English.
In Afrikaans we would refer to a girlfriend as "my meisie" and a boyfriend as "my kêrel/ou"
We also have two separate words for "muggen", we call a mosquito a "muskiet" and we call a gnat a "muggie".
So lovely, I really love Afrikaans!!
Ek is lief vir jou would literally translate into 'I am sweet to/for you' right? That's cute.
Also I believe that in Dutch many people use the word 'vlieg' or 'vliegje' (fly) for any little flying insect of which you don't know the exact species (where in Afrika you would say muggie). And mosquito is just 'mug'.
Is "Ek is lief vir jou" more correct than" Ek lief jou"?
@@PetraStaal, in Afrikaans Lief refers to the emotion and as such it's not a verb, thus you cannot say "Ek lief jou". Just like you can't say "Ek kwaad jou" (It should be "Ek is kwaad vir jou"). But in recent years a lot of people have started to use "Ek lief jou." in music and in conversation. It's not correct, but language change, so maybe in a few years it will be different.
Although Afrikaans is my first language, I am by no means an expert.
One thing that I've noticed my Dutch friend does is when he talks about height, he says "long" instead of "tall". For example, "a long man" instead of "a tall man". He also mixes up the words "height" and "length" sometimes. But it's okay, it's all good because I find his mistakes quite cute hahah xX
My teacher explained verlangen is a feeling of deep longing for a loved one. She’s 70 something years old. And was explaining liefde.
That's so beautiful she was doing that!
That is so nice! But we can also long for/verlangen naar de vakantie, of een kop koffie. Verlangen is not always about the love of your life :-)
You can express saudade/dor in English pretty well as: to pine (Dutch pijn; liefdesverdriet), to yearn (Dutch begeren), and, as you suggested, to long (Dutch verlangen).
7:55 'to love' can be both 'houden van' or 'liefhebben'. The first one can be used for 'I love you' (Ik hou van je) but also 'I love that' (Ik hou daarvan). I.e. 'I love cake/traveling' (Ik hou van taart / reizen). The second one can only be used for 'I love you' (Ik heb je lief) which literally translates to 'I hold you dear'. I think that makes things a little more clear. In Belgium they say 'Ik zie u graag' which literally translates to 'I like/love to see you' which is also cute. Now that we're talking about it, is there an English word for 'graag'?
On a side note: when conjugating 'houden van' in Dutch you could both say 'Ik hou van jou' and 'Ik houd van jou'. The 'd' is often silent in the second one. Note that he/she loves you translates into 'hij/zij houdt van jou' where the 'd' is always there, accompanied by a 't'.
Thank you for coming to my TED Talk
I looked up "graag" in 3 Dutch-English dictionaries. They all translate "graag" as "gladly, with pleasure". I think the actual translation of graag always depends on the context. "Ik wil graag" would be "I would like" "Ik drink sap graag" would be "I like juice" or "I like to drink juice" "Lekker" is another word that is difficult to translate. (For example, "Morgen gaan we lekker op vakantie")
Thank you for the Ted talk, haha ;) but it’s a great addition!
I always think of graag-liever-liefst as a kind of superlative sequence (like good-better-best or hot-hotter-hottest) where English only has a direct translation for one of the words (liever = rather), but at least that puts me in the right conceptual place for "graag".
In Portuguese, "to teach" is "ensinar", which etymologically means "to put in sign".
"Love" is "amor". "To love" is "amar". It's normally used towards people, unlike English, in which is perfectly fine to say something like "I love soda". That would sound a bit silly, at least in Brazil.
As for "saudade", it's perfectly fine to use it for things, if that gets you emotional. After 3 years of Netherlands, I definitely feel saudade of the Brazilian food.
Tamo junto na saudade da comida, cara!
Beautiful, thank you!!
The marvellous concept of “gezellig” is so charmingly Dutch. 🇳🇱🧡
Translations just don’t make it justice.
And that is why Afrikaans use it as well, same meaning. "Gesellig".
We do have a word for “to teach” and that is “onderwijzen”. In Hungarian we have te word “testvér” for brothers and sisters, literally it means “blood of my body”. There’s the verb “szeret” which means “to love something or someone” but we have a separate conjugation to express real love for a person “szeretlek” that is much, much stronger. And missing you is “hiányzol” which means that you left a hole in my soul and I’m craving for you. Thank you for your videos, as a native Dutchie / Hungarian I really love them! Teaches me something every time ❤
Loved this! Love to hear native speakers’ reflections on their own languages.
Thank you!
In Spanish we have two verbs to express love. Querer (the less serious one) and Amar (the most serious one). There are even songs about the "differences" of the intensity of the feeling for each verb.
It's quite funny how similar and how far apart German and Dutch are.
In German we do have 2 separate words for teach & learn: "Ich lerne Niederländisch." (I'm learning Dutch.) and "Ich lehre Niederländisch." (I teach Dutch.)
It's a very small difference.
Also, we do have a word for siblings. It's "Geschwister".
With boyfriend and girlfriend it's the same in German. We just call them "Freund" (friend male) or "Freundin" (friend female).
We do have "I love you". It's "Ich liebe dich."
Yes exactly, some things are similar and others aren’t. So interesting!
Portuguese 🇵🇹
to teach > ensinar
cousins > primos
siblings > irmãos
to love > amar
boyfriend > namorado
friend (male/neutral) > amigo
girlfriend > namorada
friend (female) > amiga
The word sibling meaning brother/sister is actually only about a century old in English, before that it meant a person from your sibb (your extended family); Dutch sibbe, German Sippe. So if you started using sibling in Dutch, it could be considered a native word.
There is ambiguity with "girlfriend" in American English. It can have a romantic meaning, but it is also sometimes used by women to refer to their close female friends. For example, a woman might say, "I had lunch with my girlfriend(s)." On the other hand, men would never use "boyfriend(s)" in a similar manner. I think the closest equivalent for men would be something like "buddy/buddies" or some other term for intimate friend.
Ahhh yes you’re right!
@@learndutchwithkim Is there a Dutch equivalent for "buddy/buddies" in Nederlands? Or if my partner said, "I'm going out with the guys." How does that translate?
@@learndutchwithkim As a Brazilian, we separate all this pretty well.
For friends we have: amigo(a)
For romantic relationship: namorado(a)
Previous marriage (fiance): noivo(a)
After marriage: esposo(a)
@@jodyweima606 One can use 'maat' (plural: 'maten'), cognate with English 'mate(s)'.
@@Whizzer I like that; it's close enough to make it easy to remember ;)
Hallo, Kim. In Italiaans: "Ik lief jou" = "Ti voglio bene"; "Ik houd van jou" = "Ti amo". Doei.
Hi! I'm Romanian, I discovered you by chance. I really like your country, that's why I want to know more about the Netherlands. 😊 I was happy to see that you also talked about Romania. Indeed, the Romanian language also has a lot of unique and untranslatable words. For a foreigner, it is complicated and you learn it extremely hard, but I would like Dutch because everything is up to the task.
A little Romanian lesson:
'cousin' = 'verișor' (male);
'cousin' = 'verișoară' (female).
I speak a language that has a word for "sibling" but not for "brother" and "sister". However it does have separate words for "older sibling" and "younger sibling". And this word for "sibling" in a broader sense can also refer to one's relatives.
I love you is not weaker than Ik houd van jou - it depends on the person, but most people would regard it as the strongest emotion you could possibly feel for someone, but it also depends on the circumstance (and the way it is said): it would have a different meaning if you said that you "love" Shakespeare or a comedian for example. Ik heb je lief is a useful phrase that we don't have in English - there are multiple ways to express it (such as I really like you), but not one way of expressing that particular feeling so effectively.
I live in Flanders and here they use "ik zie je graag" for "I love you".For me as a foreigner this sounds very poetic🙂
I feel that _most_ people in the UK would say "brothers and sisters" rather than "siblings". Yes, the word exists, but not frequently used here - more common perhaps in the US.
In Afrikaans we also do not have a word for "cousin". Like in Dutch we have "neef/nefie" and "nig/niggie". Niece and nephew will be "broerskind" or "susterskind" but not commonly used.
This was fun, thanks. I took some months off to retire, but now I’ll start learning again.
Great!! Good luck 🍀
Really interesting video, Kim. I really liked it.
It's funny because if in Dutch you use "nicht/neef" for both niece/nephew and cousin, in Italian we use the word "nipote" for both grandchildren and niece/nephew, while we have the word "cugino" (male) or "cugina" (female) for cousin.
Then, we use "ragazzo" or "ragazza" to mean respectively, not only "boy" and "girl" but also "boyfriend" and "girlfriend", in a relationship.
Just like in Dutch, we don't have a word for "siblings" but we simply use: "fratello" (brother) or "sorella" (sister).
Nice!! Thank you for sharing!
@@learndutchwithkim you're welcome ☺️❤️
Ever since I was a child, genealogy has been my hobby. For many many years, it has always intrigued me that there is no word in Dutch for "sibling". A few days ago, a Dutch speaker suggested that a colloquialism that has arisen in Dutch is "brusje" (broertje + zusje), but other Dutch speakers rejected the suggestion.
During a recent messenger conversation I had with a Dutchie in the Netherlands last week, my friend said that cousin = nicht or nichtje and nephew = neef of neefje. As part of that conversation, I realized that another form of relationship that's hard to express in Dutch is the idea of the degree of cousin-ness (to make up a word). That is, Nth cousin X removed (like "first cousin once removed" or "second cousin three times removed"). At best is "achterneef" or "achternicht", but it's really cumbersome. In my messenger conversation, the workaround I settled upon was to say that the two cousins I was speaking about were "een generatie uit elkaar", which I hoped would be understood as "one generation apart".
I would happily swap all of the English words: cousin; niece; nephew; siblings; and the verb to teach, for the Dutch GEZELLIG. We don't have a single (commonly used) word that captures the feeling and meaning of "gezellig". Unfortunately, it is usually translated as "convivial", which is rarely used, or "nice", which really doesn't do "gezellig" any justice as a word, at all.
We DO have a word for "the day after tomorrow" (overmorgen), which the english don't have.
And recently I learnt that the French have a word for "throwing someone out of the window" (I guess "defenêtre") which we don't have in Dutch or in English.
You have Saudade when you miss someone... Dankjewel Kim, it's very important to say vriendin correctly!!
Thanks Kim for these words! I was confused with Leer and Cousin context hahaha now I understood. And also in my Javaans language, we have Pak Dhe for calling older Om, and Bu dhe for older tante, means we call Pak Dhe for our mom/dad's older brother, and Bu Dhe for our mom/dad's older sister
2 that struck me are 1) “need” as a verb. Nodig is a noun. “I need food” translates as “I have a need for food”. Took me a while to get used to it.
Also 2) “should” - Dutch goes from kunnen to moeten, nothing in between (at least my tutor couldn’t name anything)
There is a word for 'siblings' in Czech too: sourozenci. When it comes to the seriousness of 'I love you', I feel the exact same way as you!
Heeeey I loved this video soooo much!!! "Dor" in Portuguese means "pain", so if we could compare this word to ours, it'd make a lot of sense in Portuguese as well haha. In Brazilian Portuguese you can pronounce saudade as "sau-DA-jee", on the other hand you say "sau-DA-dee" in European Portuguese.
Oh that's a nice similarity!
@@learndutchwithkim If you wanna a little more of goosebumps (kippevel -> dat is leuk), I recommend you "Chega de saudade" music (here with lyrics in en and pt: ua-cam.com/video/wJk1v2MowHo/v-deo.html).
@@learndutchwithkim they are almost cognate, the Portuguese cognate (dó) world means "to feel compassion", "pity", "medelijden", "alas".
Other cognates
dó 🇵🇹
dol 🇷🇴
duelo 🇪🇦
dor 🇲🇩
deuil 🇨🇵
I don't know from where you are in Brazil to pronounce "saudade" like that and claim so surely that everybody else in the country pronounces it like you do, but here where I live isn't Portugal and people pronounce "saudade" just like it is written except for the last E which turns into I sound. There are other Brazilian people watching this channel, man!
@@joadsonmatias2610 Sure, that's why I said Brazilian Portuguese which means the standard language taught abroad, dear. Of course I know that there are LOTS of different accents and ways in which people say things over here, but I think the comments section of a YT video isn't the best place to cover all of them, maybe in an academic paper I guess... But if you want to talk about them I'm here. Have a good day wherever you are!
Hi! So, this video just made me understand something my family always does. My mum's from Groningen and I lived there with her side of my family when I was very young. My Cousins came back to Australia with us when we moved back. But, I have ALWAYS called them my niece and nephew. This confuses people all the time so I say (and I believed this was true) that I started calling them niece and nephew when I was young because that's what my mum called them. And she called them that because I am an only child, and she felt bad the I would never have a niece and nephew. KIM! I have lived with this "reason", this LIE, for my whole 33 years of life! So I just phoned my mum to ask her if this was true and she said NO! I have no idea where this "reason" came from because I've said it my whole life. I just sms'd my COUSINS about it. They haven't responded. But my mind is blown! It's coz Dutch just doesn't have the words Cousin! Thank you for the epiphony and for correcting a 30 year long family mistake (mum would say that 33 year old family mistake is me... JK!... not really). :) Thank you for your time and effort you put into your videos. I trully appreciate it. And I know thousands of us who watch your videos appreciate you. Med heel mijn hart, dank u wel. (En bedankt voor het luisteren naar mijn LANGE verhaal!)
hi, first of all thanks for making this channel so i can practice my dutch. please add more videos about slang words in dutch, i am a student majoring in dutch literature but my lecturer never teach me any of dutch slang words :(
You are very welcome and I have some video's about slang! :)
In frisian Ik ha dy leaf-> Literally, Ik heb je lief. It's a song by De Kast
Funnily enough, in Portuguese "dor" means "pain" (from Old Portuguese "door" and cognate with Spanish "dolor", Italian "dolore" and French "douleur"), so I guess we could say that when I "have saudade", we also feel "dor", to a certain extent... xD. On the other hand, Romanian "dor" is also related to Portuguese "dor", Spanish "dolor", etc. How interesting is etymology?! :D
Wow really! Super interesting!
I can definitely understand the confusion with love and houden van! In English you can say ‘I love you’ to your family, your friends, your partner, and it can all have the same kind of surface level ‘I like you’ (but with more emphasis). To show a deeper love, like one you would say to a partner, you could say “I’m in love with you”
Like in Duch, we neither use the word teach in Norway. We use the word «lære» for learning, and «lære bort» learning ‘away’ for teaching.
In Norwegian we have three degrees of how much you like/love someone:
«Jeg liker deg» - I like you
«Jeg er glad i deg» - I am ‘happy in you’, but means more like English «I love you»
«Jeg elsker deg» - I LOVE you, similar to dutch «Ik hou van jou»
For the word «siblings» we use «søsken».
For boy- or girlfried we use «kjæreste», meaning «dearest».
Because Norwegians have historically been very concernes with family relations we have specific words for most of them.
For cousin we use «søskenbarn», if the cousin is male we can choose to use «fetter» or if female «kusine».
If you are the aunt or uncle, the «fetter» is your «nevø» and the «kusine» is your «niese».
If we are talking about one of our parents’ cousins’ kids, they are our «tremenning».
Furter on will my kids and and the kids of my «tremenning» become «firemenning»
In Italian for "boyfriend" and "girlfriend" we have "ragazzo" ("boy") e "ragazza" ("girl"), but if the couple is in a very serious relationship then we would rather use the words "fidanzato" (masculine) or "fidanzata" (feminine), which are pretty similar to the English "fiancé".
Also, we have two different expressions for "I love you": one is "Ti voglio bene" (litterally "I want your good"), which you usually use with relatives or friends. The other is "Ti amo": theoretically that may refer to all kinds of love, but it is most use by lovers and in that case it is very intense: you are only supposed to say that when you feel you totally want to unite to the other person.
Siblings --> Geschwister in het Duits
Ganz genau!
I recently had a conversation with my Dutch partner (I've literally just started learning the language), and he explained there's no translation in Dutch for the concept of 'being' fine, specifically as an answer to 'how are you?'
That's true! In Spanish we just say "hermanos"... (- Tenés hermanos? -Si, tengo dos hermanas mayores) the masculine form of the words is used for several "collective" nouns.
And yes, the lack of a word for "love" verb is confusing for me. Having "te quiero mucho" and "te amo" in Spanish helps to share feelings in different stages (or ways) through a relationship.
I just was curious about "heimwee", that would be a specific type of home "saudade" (please correct me Portuguese fellows). What do you think?
In English we have "borrow" and "lend", while in Dutch it is the same word "lenen".
"Mijn vriendje" has an interesting parallel in French - "un petit(e) ami(e)" is literally a little friend (French really doesn't like diminutives, but "een vriendje" is equivalent) and that's used for all ages as a bit of a mockery or innuendo in the sense of "oooh, Samdy amd Danny sitting in a tree..."
Contrary to Dutch, "brother"and "sister" don't exist in Hungarian. You have either "sibling" (testvér), "younger brother" (öcs), "older brother" (báty), "younger sister" (húg) or "older sister" (nővér).
In Afrikaans sê ons wel "ek is lief vir jou" en ook "ek het jou lief", en vir informele situasies gebruik ons "ek hou van jou"
The verb "zijn" from the Dutch language can be translated into Portuguese as "ser" or "estar". I also miss that distinction when I try to communicate in English.
"Estar" gives the idea of transience or short-term condition, while "ser" sounds like something permanent.
Ouch... I'm gonna try to give an example here. xD
Ser* - Eu sou* loira --- I'm blonde.
Estar* - Eu estou* loira --- I'm (currently) blonde.
I'm not sure, but I think there's that distinction also in Spanish and French.
I think the same thing with "I love you" happens with other languages, doesn't it? In Spanish we have "Te quiero" and "Te amo", "Te quiero" feels similar to "I love you" and "Te amo" feels so much heavier and meaningful than "I love you" hahaha c: Thanks for the video! It was very interesting
Yes I also felt that in Spanish!
We do have a word for siblings in Polish 🙂 "rodzeństwo". And to talk about "love" in Dutch but not too serious you could use "verliefd zijn" maybe?
Well, Danish has (partly) solved some of these:
The "teach/learn" discussion has already been covered rather comprehensively in other comments, but just to sum up: In Danish we also use "at lære" (æ = ä) meaning "to learn" and would (in formal settings) use "at undervise" meaning to teach (fmr). The substantive "en lærer" is a teacher, but he/she can also call her/himself "en underviser".
Cousins: Well, we use the word "Kusine" also in Danish, but only for females (the daughters of our parents siblings). The males are "fætter". One prominent example is "Fætter Højben", litteraly Cousin (m) tall legs... which is the Danish translation of Gladstone Gander (Gustav Gans in Germany). Another example would be a "fætter/kusine-fest", meaning a family gettogether including cousins!
Siblings (=Geschwister in German as already mentioned) is "Søskende" in Danish; very easy.
Boyfriend/girlfriend: I would say that the most normal thing to use in Danish is "kæreste" (most beloved) which is a substantivization of a superlarive. You can use the word "kæreste" in the another sense also; "Hans kæreste eje" (his most prescious belonging) but there would be a slight pronunciation difference: "Kæreste" (as substantive) would be more of an "a" sound ['ka:r'stö] and only two audiable syllables. Whereas the "kæreste eje" would be the more classic ä sound, with a longer "e" also, dividing it into three syllables ['kä're'stö]. As we have "common gender" (utrum) in Danish, we don't differentiate between male or female "kärester". We of course also have the word "ven" (friend). But you could actually use that to precisely state that you are NOT romantically involved "vi er kun venner" (we are just friends).
"I love you" is really simple in Danish: "Jeg elsker dig". It is rather serious, but also often used. Funny that you don't use "hab dich lieb" as Germans do... they use it all the time and it is really common (at least as I heard it, the five years i lived there!). But we also have the "holde af" which sounds similar to "Ik hou van jou". But in Danish it is at the opposite side of the scale: "at holde af" can be said about friends, family, dogs... -would be just about "I like you!".
I have tried to think of a Danish (or German) equivalent to "saudade" but can't really come up with one! "Længsel" (sehnsucht) covers it in part but not completely.
But Kim, I want to end this comment with a little funny one: Try finding a way of saying "Vormittag" in English!! Late morning? Before lunch? No... doesn't really work! But a great word that all languages should have :-)
Hi Kim. TOP video again!!!!!🥰 I would like to add another word for the feeling decribed by the words dor and saudade. In Spanish that would be "añoranza" (verb: añorar) and -if I got it right from the video- would refer to miss something/someone with nostalgia and bit of sadness. A common context to use this word is when you miss a past time "(yo) añoro esos tiempos/años/días" etc
Keep up with the great videos 🤩😘🤗🤗🤗🤗
Oh that's so beautiful as well!! Thank you!
Kim you helped me pass my inburgering exams in one try following your course and watching your videos. I cannot thank you enough ❤️❤️❤️
That’s so amazing, congrats!!
@@learndutchwithkim I would really appreciate if your course is more mobile friendly. If you can work on that, it will be perfect. Thank you again.
Two words that i always have problems translating into Dutch are "similar" and "common". It is not that they don't exist, it's just that they don't have an exact equivalent that contains all the nuances and meanings that the two english words have (in my mother language spanish we also have the exact same words from latin, "común" and "similar", so it gets extra confusing) so there are a few words that you can use in Dutch to convey a similar meaning depending on the context. But I always feel that none of them captures the meaning that I want to express 😅.
For example for "similar" I could use: "bijna hetzelfde = almost the same", or I could use "vergelijkbaar = comparable" or "gelijk"...
For "common" I can use: "gebruikelijk", "voorkomend", "gewoon", "algemeen", "gemeenschappelijk", "gezamenlijk"...😅
Ja exactly, these are two very good examples!
@@learndutchwithkim How about "gelijk" en "gewoon" in general?
@@GeorgeSaint666 I think "gelijk" could be used in most cases where you would use "similar", but "gewoon" is too narrow in meaning to be used always as a translation of "common".
Finally it all depends on the context, I think.
Ik vertaal similar als gelijkaardig (of gelijksoortig). Het betekent niet geheel hetzelfde, maar bijna gelijk. I use gelijkaardig (or gelijksoortig) for similar. It means not completely the same but almost the same. Common has too many translations in Dutch, like you already stated. So it depends on the context of the sentence, which translation to use.
In German to teach is "lehren" or "unterrichten" and to learn is "lernen". Siblings is "Geschwister", Romanian "dor" is translated as "verlangen", "saudade" is translated as "jemand fehlt einem"
Great!! Thank you!
'Saudade' doesn't necessarily mean missing a person; it can mean missing something (the beaches of Algarve) or even a particular time or situation ('how I miss those school days...)' 'I didn't come to this restaurant for twenty years! How I missed it'. In all of these situations the feeling is 'saudade'.In Portuguese. Ironically, 'dor' means precisely 'pain'. And 'saudade' would be pronounced 'sou-da-d' in Dutch.
For "dor", I think the closest equivalent in English is "to long for" someone. "I long for him". It implies the sadness of missing someone, some thing, or some place.
Boyfriend/girlfriend would be 'kjæreste' (dearest) In Norway. And married in Norwegian is 'Gift' which ironically is the same word we use for poison :)
Oh how nice! Thanks for sharing. By the way, we have the word "gif" which means "poison" as well! :)
@@learndutchwithkim Well, that's the word of the day for me then :)
11:10 - Dor & Saudade sound like what I would describe as yearning in English, but it's not very commonly used
As a Dutch girl I studies Swedish a little bit and I loooove how they have seperate words for grandpa’s, grandpa’s aunts and uncles when they are from you mama’’s side of the family or from your daddy’s. This wzy ypu immediately know which grandpa or grandma they mean in stead of putting surnames ornsomething behind the word gramdpa or grandma.
Farfar is your dad’s father morfar is your mam’s father. How convenient!
It is so interesting how Afrikaans (my native language) is so similar yet so different to Dutch.
We would say "ek hou van jou" and it would mean something like "I like you" in English - much less serious than "Ik houd van je" in Dutch. For "I love you" we would say "ek is lief vir jou" - just as serious as "ik houd van je", I think. Other way around in Afrikaans vs. Dutch.
Nice video. Makes you think🙏🙋♂️
NIce that you're much more relaxed, love it that the videos include the funny moments! Îți e dor de ceva anume?
Thank you! Was I not that relaxed before? :)
@@learndutchwithkim you're great! I don't know you personally of course, but sometimes it seemed like you pushed yourself to absolute perfection. So this is much better !
in Polish we have "rodzeństwo" for siblings and for boyfriend / girlfriend just "chlopak" / "dziewczyna" , so this is my "boy - chlopak" / this is my girl (dziewczyna)
In Hungarian most of these exist as separate words
To teach / learn: tanítani / tanulni
Cousin: unokatestvér
Sibling: testvér
Girlfriend vs female friend barátnő vs barátné
If a girl is talking about a (non-romantic) male friend, she would avoid the word "friend (barát)" and use "buddy (haver)" or something similar
Romantic love vs platonic love: szerelem vs szeretet, but as verbs there is some overlap
4:23 In Spanish the word sibling itself doesn't exist. In plural we use the plural of the word brother to talk about siblings. This is a very common feature in Romance languages. You use the masculine term as generic in plural.
Hermano = Brother
Hermana = Sister
Hermanos = Brothers/Siblings
Hermanas = Sisters
We do have a seperate word for 'to teach': onderwijzen AND doceren. The later being an absolutr accurate translation of 'to teach'.
'Ik onderwijs jou in de Nederlandse taal.'
'Ik doceer jou de Nederlandse taal.'
Yes you're right. The statement that there aren't any words is too strong, I should have said that for the construction "Ik leer jou Nederlands" we don't have a separate word :) Because "Ik onderwijs jou in de Nederlandse taal" and "Ik doceer jou de Nederlandse taal" are of course correct, but anyone hardly ever uses them :)
@@learndutchwithkim "anyone hardly ever uses them" that is definitely Dutch-English. I imagine saying "no one hardly ever uses them" which is sort of a double-negative, but hey, English has exceptions and illogic too sometimes :)
In Slovak
niece=neter
nephew=synovec
female cousin=sesternica
male cousin=bratranec
siblings=súrodenci
boyfriend=priateľ / frajer
girlfriend=priateľka / frajerka
"I love you."= Ľúbim ťa. / Milujem ťa. (sounds more serious too)
A word that doesn't exist in Dutch (probably)
We have word "oné" (no, it's not pronounced as "one" in english) =represents any form of any full word which a speaker speaking in rapid speech cannot recall or which he does not wish to pronounce...hope that makes sense 😂
I don't know if it was already said, but siblings in German is Geschwistern. It surprises me that there's not an equivalent in Dutch, as they are that close languages 😊
It's so interesting that Ik hou van jou is more serious than I love you.
I learned it from my Oma as a child. So I assumed it was used the same way English speakers use "I love you".
@Kim, could you please tell how do mothers express love to their kids in Dutch? In german -> Ich habe dich Lieb. In spanish -> te quiero/te amo, but "te amo" is more used between life partners.
Hier zeggen we “ik houd van je” 😊
There is one word in Spanish that I always find very difficult to translate, which is "estrenar". That means basically use (with joy and some little pride maybe) something for the first time. You would usually 'estrenar' clothes: that new pair of sneakers you wanted to buy so badly, and look fantastic on you. It can also mean you are new to something and therefore you still don't know much about how you feel about it. Or, poetically, you can refer to several other new things or experiences: "estrenando amor" would mean, for instance, you are in a new relationship, in a positive, emotional way.
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In Scots they would say, ( A gie ye the leer o ) I give you the knowledge of.( Hae ye the leer o ) Have you learned / Do you know / Have you learned ?. There are two different versions of the verb, lear and lair. Both can mean teach, one means more to teach the other to be taught. The closest English word seems to be ( lore ) which is a noun like leer.
I have seen ( taucht and techt ) but I think they are Anglicisms since the sentences were not correct grammatically.
In Lithuanian the word usually translated as teach means more to be in school. The other word means both lecture and might be better translated as explain.
Wow that’s super interesting!! Thanks for sharing 😊
I love you can be quite serious in English. You can say it to someone who you’re romantic with, but they don’t feel as deeply … and they will sometimes just break up with you because they don’t want to be that serious. But sometimes family members or friends say it to each other casually … but in a relationship it can be very serious.
You mentioned a word in passing when talking about dor and saldade, which takes you closer to these words in English than to miss. It’s a matter of intensity and that word is long. ‘I long to see you again. I feel such longing to hold you. I am longing for you to come home.’ It’s similar to the idea of pining mentioned in another comment.
Another distinction people will make - especially in romance novels or romantic movies - is in English the particular ‘quality’ of the love. A person will say in a novel or a film, ‘I love you Basil, but I’m not IN love with you.’
Is it romantic, is it brotherly or sisterly? Is it motherly? Are you just fond of someone? Maybe you were dating someone for a while and now you realise you really like them, you want the best for them, but it isn’t really physical, you don’t desire them, you don’t ‘fancy’ them.
In Flanders, the word "lief" is often used for boyfriend or girlfriend and "graag zien" as a translation for to love; "Heb je al een lief? Ja, mijn lief staat daar! Ik zie hem zo graag". A very old Dutch word for to love that sadly isn't used very often anymore is "beminnen".
"Smart" (the Dutch meaning, not the English one) is in my opinion probably the closest translation for dor/saudade.
In some more formal sentences, to teach can be translated as "onderwijzen".
The word I probably miss most in Dutch is "to need" as in I need you here (~ "Ik heb je hier nodig / Ik wou dat je hier was").
Thank you for sharing! In Flemish it sounds so much better 😊 and you could be right about “smart”, but I almost never hear it anymore
So, suggestions in Dutch from informal Flemisch:
1. Aanleren
2. Kozijn (van fr. Cousin)
3. Addergebroed? j/k
4. Lief (m)/ liefje (f)
5. You are right, we should use liefhebben!
6. Weemoed
Hey Kim! In german, „lehren“ means to teach while „lernen“ means to learn.
Jemanden etwas lehren / Etwas lernen.
Thank you!
Op de een of andere manier verdwijnt mijn reactie steeds. Ik had iets geschreven over de term brusjes als Nederlands equivalent voor siblings. Enkele decennia geleden bedacht door prof. Rita Vuyk als vertaling voor siblings, maar helaas nooit echt aangeslagen in Nederland, behalve als term voor gezonde broers/zussen van gehandicapte kinderen.
It's funny that "ik houd van jou" means to love, because in German "ich halte etwas von dir" means only "I have a good opinion of you". When you said that "novia" in Spanish is not ambiguous, it's not completely true, because it also means "bride".
Could you the Dutch verb "smachten" for expressing the Portuguese concept of "saudade" or Rumanian "dor"?
Oh ja, misschien komt dat wel dicht in de buurt!
I love this video, actually in Arabic language we have all of these words and more. in my opinion Arabic language it’s the most reach language and you can describe your feelings with deep words ❤️❤️❤️
A word that only exist in Dutch and Flemish:
Hottentottentelefoontentententoonstelling. (Thanks to Urbanus)
😂😂😂
In German we use at least Hottentotten 😅
My first language is portuguese I think it's interesting that the romanian word for saudade is dor because dor is pain in portuguese
Saudade in a word to describe the general feeling of missing something, a lot of people have very deep explanations to what it means but honestly it's not that deep imo. The word is not a verb so we say 'I feel saudade' much like one would say 'I feel sadness/anger.'
Translating something like "Tenho saudade de brincar com massinha" to "I miss playing with clay" would have no loss in meaning
btw it's pronounced /saw'dad͡ʒi/ (BR)
In Russian we also don't have a special word for siblings, we just say "братья и сестры" which means "brothers and sisters". However in Polish language there is a separate word for that which is rodzeństwo
Thank you! So you speak both languages?
@@learndutchwithkim
Yep :) I’ve just started to learn Dutch since I moved to Belgium this summer and most of my colleagues are Flemish 😁 and your channel is a big help in that! Happy to discover it 👍
In Flanders, we say: Hij/zij is mijn lief.
To learn and to teach are not the same in English, you teach me and I learn.
Well, What an interesting subject.
Actually, I want to add to the other languages those have specific words for (I miss you).
In Arabic, we have many words but each describe (who and how much) you miss someone.
- (أفتقد)
means (I miss you). This word is used for friends, neighbors and people who you may miss them in general (no love involved).
- (أشتاق)
means (I'm longing for you). This word is used for people who you deeply longing for and you have feelings to them like (early stage of love, parents, best friend..etc.). In this case you would try to meet them soon (no pain in you heart involved .. yet!).
The past 2 words can be used for things e.g. (pets, old days or place ..etc.).
The following words are a bit complicated to describe.. and used for people only.
If the person is alive or you can reach him/her:
- (أتوق)
means (I can't wait to see you). In this case you're in pain, your heart and emotions pushing you hard to go and meet that person. e.g. (your beloved one, your parents if they live in other place, your kids ..etc). Here you will not feel relief until you meet that person.
If the person is passed away or you can't reach him/her:
- (أحن)
means (I'm dieing to see you .. but it's not possible). Here you miss someone and you're in pain and there is no way to be released. (expression: I feel a lump in my throat).
There are mid-levels between these 4 and they have specific names also but I wanted to mention these as an example.
About "love", there are 24 degrees of love and each has a name/verb in Arabic 😑. you can search it "24 Degrees of Love in the Arabic" if you're interested.
In English forlorn could be used for that lost/longing feeling, I assume is related to Dutch verloren
In portuguese we are siblings= Irmão, Spanish has a word too : Hermanos. Saudade is the best world already ever created. :)
Ik heb er nog eentje gefonden: de twee verschillende slangen die je in je tuin kunt hebben. En de twee verschillende borden waarvan je kunt eeten en waarop je kunt schrijven.
En andersom een woordje wat bij voorbeeld in het Duits en in het Spaans niet bestaat is "elkaar".
Teke: de de mannelijke geit
Gönül: Ik weet niet hoe ik het moet uitleggen.💛
Aş ermek: de gevoelens voor je willen iets speciaals eten, fruit, maaltijd ... etc in je zwangerschap.