Kings of Poland Family Tree
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- Опубліковано 26 вер 2019
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CREDITS:
Chart: Matt Baker
Script/Narration: Matt Baker
Editing: Jack Rackam
Intro animation: Syawish Rehman
Intro music: "Lord of the Land" by Kevin MacLeod and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0. Available from incompetech.com
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Thank you so much. I bought your book for my daughter yesterday. These are amazing. And thank you for not forsaking the Slavs.
Keep in mind that having almost 500 years of elected monarchy, Polish people would likely vote for someone from many, many noble Polish houses, rather than some shitty german-russian spies, like August (all three of them), as they contributed to Poland's partitions.
Thanks for sharing this.I am a direct descendant.Thank you, Maureen Ramage
I would like to highlight the fact that Sigismund the old's Queen and wife was Bona Sforza, daughter of the Duke of Milan, so there's a connection with Italy there!
@Camino de Santiago Is this why the word for tomato in Polish is exactly the same as Italian? Pomidor. Bearing in mind tomatoes only arrived in Europe in the 16th Century. Also the word for Pineapple is same as the French.. Ananas.
@@shaolindreams Possibly. And we sometimes call vegetables "włoszczyzna", because Italy is "Włochy" to us, and it indicates where they came from.
@@marza2074 Actually, we called Italy "Włochy" or "Italia", but mostly "Włochy".
Actually! Sigismund I was called "the old" because his son ruled as a monarch alongside him for some time. Since both of them were named "Sigismund" everyone just stared to called one of them "the old" :)
P.S. You did a great job on pronauncing our names!
His son was called Augustus!
Or Augustus Sigismund. Or Sigismund Augustus.
@@suzannewateridge Zygmunt II August
2nd one was crowned during reign of his father since we already were elective monarchy even tho all monarchs were from one dynasty and mother of Sisigmund the II was scared that the nobles might want really free election earlier so she decided to crown him secretly.
Well he lived to 81
Fun fact: Władysław, Vladislav, Ladislav, Ladislaus (also László in Hungarian), which we see commonly among the names of the Polish, Bohemian and Hungarian rulers, are all variations of the same name.
Fun fact 2: Frederick Augustus I is a bit forgotten in the Polish collective historical memory as the sort of Polish monarch. I suspect that most people when asked "who was the ruler of the Duchy of Warsaw?" would probably answer "Prince Józef Poniatowski, right?". He was a nephew of the last Polish king, a member of the Government of the Duchy of Warsaw as the Minister of War and commander of its army. He was also the only commander among Napoleon's non-French allies and auxiliaries made a Marshal of the Empire, shortly before his death in battle of Leipzig. Also, "duke" and "prince" is one word in Polish.
Duke and prince aren't one word in Polish. Duke is equivalent of "książe", while prince (as a son of a king) is "królewicz",
@@tomaszwitosawski5153 Well yes, but not exactly. "Królewicz" doesn't really have an English equivalent and means precisely and exclusively "king's son" and doesn't apply to people holding the title of a prince by being part of the royal family in any other way, for example by being king's nephew like the prince (książę) Józef Poniatowski. Polish word "książę" is absolutely equivalent of both English "duke" and "prince", but a royal prince can be *also* referred to as "królewicz" if his father is a king and only then.
@@Artur_M. I stand corrected
@OHO JSAD Ok, it's relative. 😉
@@croatiangambler8059 Yep, and earlier during the lost war against Russia in 1792, when they had some limited successes in the battles of Zieleńce and Dubienka, becoming the first people awarded the just created medal Virtuti Military which is the highest Polish military decoration to this day.
Kościuszko generally didn't like Napoleon, viewing him as a tyrant, and as a abolitionist was especially mad at him for sending most of the Polish Legions to die fighting the Haitian insurgents in 1801. Plus he was older than Poniatowski and apparently never fully recovered from the wounds received in the uprising and the subsequent imprisonment in Russia, so by the 1807 was basically done with everything.
As a native Pole I am deeply grateful for taking time to make this very informative video!
It's always so nice and fun to see people talk about our history and culture, despite a few minor pronunciation errors ;)
I think that if we were to restore the monarchy, there would be a strong push from the society for the monarch to be of polish noble roots, someone from the house of Czartoryski or house of Radziwiłł would be a suitable candidate.
Agreed. If we were to crown somebody today, there are a few possibilities:
- A polish noble (most likely) propably of house Czartoryski or Radziwiłł
- Romanov candidate (they were after all kings of so called "Congress Poland" after 1815)
- Wettin candidate - this one is legally the best in my opinion as in the Constitution of May it was stated that after Poniatowski's death throne shall become hereditary and shall revert back to the Wettin dynasty.
I can't come up with any other possibilities. Jagiellonians and Piasts are completely dead and many other houses that ruled Poland-Lithuania as elective monarchs have vanquished as well (de Valois, Vasa, Poniatowski)
@@WorldofWarcraftValai Why not Bolek the Electrician?
@@nemeczek67 also known as Bolesław the OTUA
@Jonas Lazaras Petrusevicius-Wilukas Lithuanians... do you have in mind nowadays Belarus or folk that live on Żmudź?
@Jonas Lazaras Petrusevicius-Wilukas It's common knowledge that many of Lithuanian nobles thought of themselves more as polish people of Lithuanian descent, hence why they preferred to use polish language. The best example of such tendency among Lithuanians would obviously be Mickiewicz.
Meanwhile in the alternative reality Polish-Swedish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the most baddas thing ever. Such a shame it didn't happen.
Polish-Lithuanian-Tatar-Swedish-Russian-French Empire begs to differ.
There was a chance (;_;)
@@Ussurin Henry de Bourbon right
@@Ussurin ah yes the clusterfuck
as long as sweden wouldnt replace poland in this commonwealth (lithuania didnt) it would be great
@@Ussurin Why not Polish-Lithuanian-Tatar-Swedish-Turkish-French Empire? I think will be better.
Fun fact: the Polish monarchy became elective monarchy after the death of King Jadwiga, as her death marked the end of the original royal dynasty, that being the Piast dynasty. Władysław Jagiełło actually had to convince the nobility by giving them special privileges to let him stay on the throne. All the Jagiellonian kings afterwards were elected kings, it's just that the Jagellonian dynasty was so strong that the nobles never considered electing the king from any other dynasty, up to the point when Jagellonian dynasty also ended. The elective monarchy actually have ended with the Constitution of 3rd May, where it was stated that after death of king Stanisław Poniatowski, the monarchy would become inherited once again, with the title given to the House of Wettin. So, the crown would rightfully belong to the current head of House of Wettin, just as you said, but it would be actually inherited.
Well all laws giving rights to it to the Wettins were cancelled, so basically there is nobody who is 100% rightful heir. That's why I support an elective monarchy. It just grows out of our tradition as you pointed out. And even before we weren't really a hereditary monarchy. Louis d'Anjou became our king due to an agreement between Casimir the Great and him, and it was disputed since he adopted one person just before his death. Also, since the seniority rule was abolished before the reunification the one who was senior duke was generally the strongest one who had big enough army and support of others. Even before we often had some issues between brothers with one kicking out the other ones or a king trying to choose the best one to be senior instead of just letting it be the oldest one and hoping the other ones will respect it. And if you come back to pagan times you'll notice that ascentors of Mieszko I were also elected by the people since that's just how it worked in this community, just some custom related to tradition.
So to make the long story short, we ALWAYS were kind of elective. And we should let it be. That's why I support restoration of elective monarchy.
History of Piast dynasty is real Game of Thrones :)
That's why I loved my Polish history lessons.
Just like the history of Palantagenets, Rurykowiczs or German counts and princes fighting for the imperial crown in the Middle Ages.
Polacy są jak starkowie.
@@shoshana8651 Każdy nas zdradza.
@@szymonzielinski7160 prawda
Henry de Valois never abdicated, poland nobility dethrone him, but he was using title "King of Poland" as long as he lived.
Which wasn't long.
I heard a version in which he ran away from Wawel castle at night and went to France.
@@theultumateprezes6379 He went to France, but he want to be a King of France and king of Poland in the same time. But poles dethrone him and elected new king.
@@theultumateprezes6379 he ran away and was chased by polish nobility that tried to force him to stay in Poland but managed to cross The border.
But
He never resigned from title of King of Poland so, in order to choose new king polish nobility symblizicly dentronized him
@@theultumateprezes6379 Did he took some forks with him and then introduced this kind of cutlery in France?
Fun fact: there’s a Mexican writer named Elena Poniatowska, she is relative of king Stanislaw the second, that’s because she is a direct descendant of one of the king brother’s, so she probably would be queen of Poland. One ironic thing about her is that even though she has a royal background, part of her work is written about the communism.
Well... that's unfortunate😂
I'm pretty sure that 'w's in Polish are pronounced like English 'v's...
Yep and the Ł ł with little line in it is pronounced W. If you know them two things.. You already know the basics of Polish. So Bolesław is pronounced Boleswarv (hard a)
All complaints about my pronunciation should be forwarded to the M. Laser History channel because he's the one who gave me advice on Polish pronunciation 😂
Yes, they are (I'm Polish). W's are pronounced like V's and Ł's like W's.
@@UsefulCharts It's all good😂(lets get him!)
I think we should appreciate though how well the dreadful combination of "sz" and "cz" (essentially English "sh" and "ch") in Leszczyński was handled. ;)
If everything went good in history Poland, Lithuania, Russia and Sweden etc. could end up be ruled by one person.
Imagine the possibilities - best cavalry, best infantry and the resources needed to field great armies.
I think the biggest issue was religion. Although Commonwealth as a country was tolerant, their ruler Sigismundus III was fanatic catholic, Russians demanded from prince Władysław to convert to orthodox, if he wants to be the tsar, and he was eager to do it, but he's father was against it. The Swedish were protestants so they didn't want to have catholic ruler as well. It's so sad. Our combined nation would have been the biggest in Europe and probably in World as well, at least until the British Colonial Empire, if it had existed in that timeline :)
It was very, very close indeed in XVII century. House of Vasa could rule 1/4 of the world back then. In 1610 Vladislav Vasa ruled Commonwealth and Russian Empire and was rightful heir to the Swedish throne.
Add Czechs and Hungry. It would be super state. When Poles conquered Moscow 1st time [bad word for Dimitry the1st scam and escapade] it was not an imitative of Polish King or Polish state, only "private action" of some magnates. Commonwealth went in when it went wrong. Polish military chief [hetman] Żółkiewski was one who in reality personally conquered Moscow and tried to make replay of Polish/Lithuanian Union offering to boyars all privileges Polish and Lithuanians szlachta [nobility] had. But it was refused, they chose "samodzierżawie". One of the reasons boyars refused was that Polish King Zygmunt III Waza behaved as an elephant in china shop.
I have a hard time believe that country to be stable in anyway.
Fun fact: During the first World War the Central Powers, in an attempt to gain polish support, declared they would create a "self-governing" Kingdom of Poland. A regency council and most institutions needed for a country were even established but as we know the war ended in a way that Poland declared full independence and itself a Republic.
Germany and Austro-Hungary argued a lot about whom the king should be with the Habsburgs initially wanting it to become another addition to their monarchy (turning it into the Austro-Hungarian-Polish monarchy) before promoting the Prince of Zywiec, Karl Stephan Habsburg-Lorraine.
However, as Karl and his children considered themselves to be Polish he was not popular with Germany who instead promoted Albrecht Wurttemberg.
Karl was the prefered candidates of Polish monarchists.
A czy polscy monarchiści nie woleli kogoś z dynastii Czartoryskich?
@@kontrrewolucjonista8240 Wszyscy by tak chcieli, ale Karol był patriotą i miał nazwisko z którym Europa mogłaby się liczyć. Co ciekawe do końca nie zrzekł się bycia Polakiem.
18:25 I think that most of Polish monarchists would opt for "king from Piast family", so they would choose person from house Czartoryski, Wiśniowiecki or Sobieski instead of Wettin or other foreign dynasty
Kuba Król Yes, I think so, too.
I think Polish monarchists don’t care as long as they can just make Poland a monarchy again. They might even have a vote to see which family took the throne.
Polish monarchists would most likely be wooed into supporting some Moscow-sponsored dictator. Everything is acceptable to them as long as it's anti-democratic and anti-liberal.
@@M-CH_ The only people who want to join Russia in Poland are the old communists. Polish people in general as wary of both Russia and Germany, and I would assume monarchists of people would be knowledgeable of the history between Poland and Russia.
@@FeHearts There's no point to assume, if you read enough of what they write. And I said nothing about joining Poland to Russia, that's not how Moscow rolls these days.
Przemysł II's line was not the "main" line of the Piasts. The most senior branches ruled in Silesia. Per Bolesław III's will, the senior duke of Poland was supposed to be his eldest male-line descendant, regardless of the seniority of the line, but that system collapsed over time, so in the end the claim to the Polish throne was based more on the territories held.
By the way, Alexander, like his father, was also grand duke of Lithuania before becoming king of Poland.
Also, I find it weird that Michael I's father, Jarema Wiśniowiecki is missing from the chart, while some other fathers of the elective kings are present. He was quite a prominent historical figure.
Long live Poland! Greetings from Hungary brothers!
Greetings from Poland :) Nice avatar. If frendship between nations exists, then Hungarians are our only friends.
Thanks.
There is a legend that Bolesław Chrobry could become a king after the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto III visited Poland and famously put his crown on Bolesław's head as a symbol of recognizing him as a true ruler and blessing him to become the king of Poland.
According to long lasted tradition the modern king of Poland would be a persone who would offer Poles the most of new privilages (and of course accepted the privilages that were given to them before)
Therefore there's no need to change the present system of government.
The poles themselves are the kings then.
Jesus Christ is the one and only official king of Poland.
@@ProfezorSnayp I prefer my kings to be real though
Unfortunately this tradition continues in the 21st century...
It is worth noting that the Polish Constitution of the Third May (1791), the first European constitution and the greatest political success of Stanisław II Poniatowski (in spite of it being revoked by Russians and their supporters only two years later following a war) has turned the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth into a hereditary kingdom of Poland with the Wettins becoming the official ruling dynasty following Poniatowski's death, so that's another thing worth remembering when discussing the strength of the Saxon claim.
Pierwszą była konstytucja Korsyki, jakoś 1760~ przed traktatem Wersalskim, na mocy którego Republika handlowa Genui sprzedała za pokaźną sumę lirów Korsykę Francji. Poza tym, wielkim sukcesem bym konstytucji 3 maja nie nazwał.
The king Michael I from house of Wiśniowiecki was actually a descended from Piast dynasty through his mother. He was a great-great-great-grandson of Anna of Masovia. She was the sister of the last Masovia dukes.
Actually every king of Poland (even Jagiełło) descended from Piast some way. I made a list presenting how exactly they were related. Even some of modern polititians (Komorowski, Kaczyński) and Piłsudski have Piast descendence.
@@Macion-sm2ui Put the list on youtube then, I would not mind to have a look at it.
But in this bonus many relations are speculative
@@Macion-sm2ui Kaczyński, Komorowski i Piłsudski od Piastów? Chyba oszalałeś
To be fair, I don't think Poland would ever choose any king that would be considered more German than Polish. They would probably look into the noble families of Poland such as Poniatowski or Leszczynski rather than those from the house of Wettin.
Prince Philip, husband of Queen Elizabeth II, was a descendant of Maurice and Zofia Hauke. Maurycy was a general of the Polish Army, Zofia came from the Lafontaine family. They had eleven children, eight of whom survived. This group included Julia Hauke, whose son - Ludwik Aleksander - married the granddaughter of Queen Victoria (Victoria Heska). And here Polish and British families meet. Prince Philip is the grandson of Ludwik and Victoria of Hesse. Hence also Prince Charles and his sons and grandchildren.
You forgot a very very important marriage. Mieszko I's daughter Świętosława was the wife of Eric the Victorious (Erik Segersall), the king of Sweden and after his death, still being the queen widow of Sweden she married Swyen Forkbeard, king of Denmark. She was the mother of Olof Skotkonung and Cnut the Great, thus she was at the same time queen of Denmark and queen mother of Sweden and England :)
As Pole who is interested in history, I can write this video is well made with no major mistakes. But I want to explain something about Polish monarchism. Our elected monarchy is exceptional and unique, but it also means we do not have any legitimate heir. Some argue for Wettins but Constitution of 3rd May after 3rd partition was neglected ( Poland ceased to exist). There is also idea that Romanovs are legitimate heirs after Congress of Vienna but it is rather impossible ( due to our relations with Russia). Polish monarchists have a really big problem with presenting the candidate but there are some propositions ( even the idea to choose a new king who will create new dynasty).
The Habsburgs of Żywiec was one of the most interesting proposition during the Great War and shortly after, before declaring a republic
P.S.: They were even fighting on polish side during WWII :)
@@Pigraider268 They also showed that they were related to the Piast family.
@reesey Not many families have survived polish history to be honest, so there is not really any claims from within the country
Constitution of 3rd may end elective monarchy in Poland, so any dynasty related to Poniatowski line would have chance or claim in my opinion
Z bożej łaski król Polski Janusz Korwin -Mikke
Finally Poland's rich history... I knew about them but to see them in your chart, the connections and context it all puts it in really helps having a better understanding of history Can't wait for the genealogy colab thing! I'm in! Great stuff Matt.
Just play Crusader Kings 2 :)
Strictly speaking, Polish throne was elective since the introduction of Jagiellons on the throne. That the next elected king always happened to be the new Grand Duke of Lithuania (dynastic heir of the late monarch) was more of an unspoken rule to prolong the union, which could theoretically change at electors' whim. Sigismund I the Old got his nickname because his manipulative Italian wife Bona Sforza managed to push for "vivente rege" election and had their son elected while Sigismund was still alive, just to make sure he gets elected at all.
I would like to suggest that the father of King Michał Wiśniowiecki deserves to be shown in the chart at least as much as the one of Jan Sobieski, as he is much more recognisable due to his role in major historic events and presence in national culture. It's not a criticism, just an idea.
fun fact about henry de valois. He saw toilet for the first time when he arrived in poland and when he run away he stole forks to make his life easier back in france I suppose
Historia Bez Cenzury propably ? :)
@@gracjan9610 no "Gods playground" by norman davies
I've been waiting so long for this video, u do not dissapoint ;) thanks
I d like to know if it possible to track down descendants of house of Waza , Piast ( died out somtime somewhere in silesia, i think;) ) Jagiellonów, or Sobieski for example, maybe even Andegawens, along with Wettins and Romanov they v got the strongest claim on Poland if it were to restore its monarchy.
As a Pole, I enjoyed this video a lot! Although the names are sometimes in Polish, and sometimes in English versions - maybe it would be a good idea to choose only one for consistency? If we were to restore the monarchy, I'm pretty sure we'd choose someone from the houses Czartoryski, Radziwiłł, Zamoyski, Lubomirski or other noble families. I'd love to see a video tracking down a theoretical heir from the Jagiellonian dynasty, though! Their reign is seen as the golden age in Poland.
Soo, you mean an Habsburg?
no a polish member off a polish aristocrat family the Habsurgs are mostly as a one off a partitoning familys out ,generaly off polish crown, exept the Silesian Habsburgs wich is a minor line of relatives off Habsburgs and they where ,ok but the rest off Habsburgs as German Upper Bavarian and Austrian emperors no absolutly ,The Silesian Żywiec relatives off Habsburgs can maybe bee.@@wolfgang6517
Love these videos sitting in my hotel in Thailand relaxing and not having any TV channels worth watching...thanks for yet another cool video
Your videos truly is my high point of the week. Thx Matt😊
Yeah, there's a better candidate for the polish throne. His name is Janusz Korwin-Mikke.
Dziadek od "bridża"?
The Polish-lithuanian commonwealth was one of the most interesting states to exist with one of the most interesting badass unit - the winged hussars. Elected monarchys are very interesting, pretty rare in Europe. Quite common in the gaelic realms. Scotland was originally a semi-elected monarchy. Ireland also had a high King
Hi Mr. Prager. You should delete your PragerU channel 😂
Most well educated historians think that the introduction of elective monarchy lead to our downfall, which I agree with.
Daddy Prager, back at it again with his hussars
@@UsefulCharts Yes I will
@@naggu1243 no "pro-juche" please tell me you are sarcastic
King Boleslav II (called 'Courageous' or 'Generous') had a rightful, juvenile son - Mieszko. He was probably poisoned by his uncle - Vladislav Herman. Funny fact - there was mentioned in chronicles that there was a battalion of Polish spearmen that probably took a part in the Battle of Hastings.
Finally I've been waiting for this since I found this channel
11:09 Sigismund I was actually called ‘the Old’ to distinguish him from his son Sigismund II, as in Sigismund the elder and Sigismund the younger
We could also choose one of the polish dynasites which were important noble families, or house of Habsburg. After WW I There was a line of Habsburgs which controlled Żywiec (now city in Poland) and knew Polish language, also some of them were fighting for polish army as volunteers in WW2
Hyped for your own family vid!
Splendid! I enjoyed it very much. Great job💎👏🏻💕🙋🏼♀️
As a polish man who did not sleep on history, i can confirm
I came here to hear him saying old polish names....
It was worth it😂😂😂
Good job! And I'm particularly glad you did the research how to ponounce things.
Who would have thought (maybe just me)? So many intricate connections from all over the place (Europe). That’s why I love history. Thank you for the great content!
I didn't watch the video yet. Did he mention Canute the Great? :)
boleslao :D sounds like a brazilian football star
I don't think that, anyone in Poland would accept German king.
we head fev Saxony(Germany) Kings caled Sas (saxons)
@@bartomiejzakrzewski7220 Yes and they're considered to be some of our most shit Kings
@@bandit9667 najlepsi byli Wegrzy i Polacy jakos mnie to nei dziwi, Francuz spierdolił a Szwed uwiklal nas w potop szwedzki
@@bartomiejzakrzewski7220 No tylko jeden z Węgrów bo Ludwik Węgierski jakoś zajebisty nie był
@@bandit9667 a Batory to kto to byl ziomus ? :D chyba nie Chinczyk
*Imagine dividing your empire among your daughters and there husbands children from other marriages inherit your kingdoms*
Thank you for sharing a history about my country. Polish history is very rich.
Greeting from Poland. Thank You for this video and your work
I recently was informed that my grandmother on my fathers side was the princess of Poland. Sadly, I know very little more then that besides my father was born in the US but was given diplomatic immunity by the military once he joined. Thank you for this video, I enjoyed it!!
My fathers sadly passed away a year ago, his last name was Morris. I think somewhere written down his mother's maiden name as well.
Good to see some of my mother's historical family names mentioned in this video... Kazimer (Casimir), Stanislawski (Stanislaw), and Sobieski. My mom always said she had Polish ancestry but also Lithuanian and Latvian.
I've seen all of these, and this one has to be the most complicated and convoluted
In 1916-1918 Germans tried to reinstate Polish Kingdom, fully dependent on Germany. They considered candidates from houses of Saxony, but also Habsburg, Wurttemberg and Bavaria. You can find that for example in Wikipedia Kingdom of Poland 1917-1918.
Going back a thousand years, king Bolesław the Ist had a sister - daughter of Mieszko and Doubravka which you have on your chart - she became queen of Sweden, Denmark and Norway - Sigrid the Hauthy.
looking forward to seeing your family tree.
Nice cliffhanger!
King Casimir IV had a daughter, called Jadwiga. She married a Bavarian duke and this marriage is impressively reenacted every 4 years in the „Landshuter Hochzeit“. Look it up, it‘s a great event!
Indeed looks impressive. Why is it celebrated?
The pole would select a blue blood guy with native Polish accent.
so for those curious:
5:49 the guy mentioned Przemysł II is roughly translated to English as “Industry II”
6:20 Father of Casimir III The great was Władysław I called "Łokietek" which was like calling someone “feet” (height) in old Poland the measurement was conducted in "Łokcie" and Władysław I was rumored to be a small guy
6:40 Casimir The Great "zastał drewnianą zostawił murowaną." it means "he found a wooden one and left the brick one." guy just loved to build castles
I wish it was possible to show the changes of boundaries along with the changes of rulers and royal family trees.
15:10 THEN THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVED!
there it is.
@tom 132 I'm quoting Sabaton. What are the grounds that you're putting your timestamp?
Ah okay
I am impressed. Well done
Fun facts. Where to start...
- according to various sources, Mieszko was preceded by three dukes from Piast dynasty: Siemowit, Lestek and Siemomysł, the last one being Mieszko's father. Siemowit was elected Duke of Goplans after its previous ruler, Popiel (who depending on the version of the legend could have been either duke or king, as well as had Germanic or Viking roots) was eaten by mice (or struck by lightning, legends vary again) for his tyrannic rule (backed once again by contradictory examples in different versions of the legend). Piasts eventually changed the name of the tribe from Goplans to Polans, after which Poland was named.
- Mieszko married again with Holy Roman Emperor's daughter Oda and had two sons from this marriage. All three of them were exiled by Bolesław by first occasion.
- it is said that HRE Otto III crowned Bolesław with his own diadem during his visit in Gniezno, therefore showing his approval for Bolesław becoming a king. According to one legend, he even ordered the crown for him, but it was stolen by Hungarians, who crowned their duke Stephen a king instead.
- Mieszko II was Bolesław's second oldest living son. The first, Bezprim, was sent to monastery by his father, but eventually escaped and rebelled, starting the Polish civil war. With the help of HRE Conrad II and Duke of Kiev Yaroslav the Wise (concretely their forces) he deposed Mieszko and as a sign of gratitude forced Mieszko's wife Richeza to bring the Emperor Polish royal insignia, this way abandoning the right to be king for Polish monarchs. Bezprim quickly ended up murdered and his allies decided to split Poland between Mieszko, his younger brother Otto and nephew Dietrich. Mieszko eventually deposed the rivals, but then died. His son Casimir was almost immediately deposed by nobles rebellion, followed by peasants rebellion against nobles and clergy, followed by a noble named Maslav declaring himself ruler of Mazovia, followed by Czech prince Bretislav plundering Gniezno and occupying Silesia, TL;DR chaos. Casimir, with the help of HRE and Duke of Kiev, eventually restored order and moved capital to Cracow.
- Bolesław II was crowned in 1076. Pope Gregory VII gave his permission for this after Bolesław widely declared his support for Dictatus Papae.
- Władysław I is a serious contender for a title of worst Polish ruler. He started to pay tribute to Czechs (recompensation for reclaiming Silesia agreed between Casimir and the emperor; Bolesław II stopped paying it, but nobody seemed to have issue with it), built residence in Płock and was spending far more time there than in capital and basically willingly became a figurehead while his palatin Zetech ruled the kingdom however he liked. He also imprisoned his sons on Zetech's wish.
- Bolesław III split the country on purpose. He spent half of reign on civil war with his brother Zbigniew and wanted to avoid similar conflict between his sons. He did want Poland to remain a single state though, so he developed a system that was giving the eldest member of the house of Piast (senior) supreme power over other dukes and sole power over Cracow and Polish vassal states. System collapsed in less than ten years though, when the first senior, Władysław the Exile, tried to seize all the power for himself, causing a civil war that lead to his banishment and his younger brother taking over senior's seat. When in 1208 coalition of dukes against revolting Pomerania was successfully ambushed and disrupted by Pomeranian duke Świętopełk and the senior Leszek the White was killed in the process, dukes of Cracow lost any control over the rest of rulers, which didn't discourage literally every duke who ever took control over Cracow from proclaiming himself senior.
- Casimir the Great's daughter Elizabeth had a son, also Casimir, duke of Słupsk. He tried to claim Polish crown after his grandfather, but didn't find enough support among the nobles.
- Louis's claim to the Polish throne was so weak that he had to bribe the nobility with privileges to assure both his coronation and succession for one of his daughters. From this point onward monarchy in Poland was in fact elective, nobility just liked to keep the same house in charge.
- Originally it was Louis's elder daughter, Mary, that was meant to inherit Poland and Jadwiga to inherit Hungary. However, Louis's wife forced Hungarian nobility to crown Mary as queen in a plot to keep personal union. To which Polish nobles said "screw you" and declared Jadwiga an heir.
- Vitautas basically did a coup in Lithuania. He couldn't cut ties with his brother and Poland completely though, because then he would have been left on Teutonic Order's grace. So Jagiełło made a truce with Vitautas recognizing him as a grand duke as long as he followed Jagiełło's policies for foreign affairs.
- correction here; Sigismund the Old was called this way for disambiguation, because his son was elected vivente rege and technically there were two kings Sigismunds in Poland simultaneously.
- so-called free election was horrendous system. There was no voting; the king was chosen by the ensemble of nobility raising a cry in his honour three times in a row. One drunk noble trying to overscream the other was considered a feature, not a bug...
- it's no surprise that the first king chosen this way was so miserable. When the nobility realized what they've done, they panicked and forced Henry to sign a list of privileges previously achieved by nobility, to make sure he won't reorganize the state in a French way. Then they gave him a second list, composed of various election promises of his supporters, to sign and he did it. This became a common practice on free elections onward. Henry obliged himself to, among others, hiring Gascon infantry for Polish wars from his own pocket and marrying Anna of Jagiellon.
- Funnily enough, there was twice a double election. Group of Habsburg supporters couldn't convince the rest of nobility to their cause, so they just left the assembly and declared emperor Maximilian a king in his own circle. The rest of nobility elected Anna of Jagiellon and Stefan Bathory as co-reigning kings. Because of massive holes in free election law, both elections were equally legal. In this case the contender that first comes to Cracow was meant to be crowned. Chancellor Zamoyski stopped Maximilian and his army for long enough to let Bathory win the race. After his death, we got a repeat ofcthe scenario with some of the nobility electing Habsburg candidate. This time however Sigismund Vasa on a race by mile, and when Habsburg army came to verify the verdict, it was crushed.
- Stanislaw Leszczynski was elected king by the group of nobility who saw Augustus II involvement in great Northern War as a treason. Sweds later took advantage of this and installed Leszczynski as his puppet, but it weren't them who came up with his candidacy. BTW, he kept the title of King of Poland for the rest of his life.
Wow. That's a lot of bonus facts!
I know! I could probably find more (I'm Polish myself and I know Polish history very well), but I tried to limit myself to the ones related to succession of the throne.
Oh yeah, two more things:
- Bolesław II had a son named Mieszko, who was eventually invited back to Poland. According to Bolesław III's chronicler Gall Anonim (if I remember correctly) he was a perfect material for a great king...So Władysław I imprisoned and blinded him after a while, feeling threatened.
- the branch of Mieszko III is not the main, if we consider the senior branch to be the main. The main branch of Piasts (Władysław tue Exile's), funnily enough, outlived all others, dying out at the beginning of 18th century.
A Polish nobleman called John Zilinski ran for London Mayor in 2016 and challenged Nigel Farage to a duel
Pistols or swords?
@@Zach-mw5so Sabers. Poles duel always and only with sabers.
@@plrc4593 Wokulski for instance... .;)
Fun fact: through junior Masovian line Mieszko I is a direct ancestor of HR Emperor Frideric III, and by thus ancestor of such famous people like Charles V, Maria Teresa or Franz Joseph.
Canute the Great (a grandson of Mieszko) came from the Piast family.
Proud to be Polish!
Henry Valois didn't abdicate the Polish throne. He simply left Poland to claim the French crown, intending to reign in both realms. Poland would then have an absentee king, which wouldn't have been that unusual in and of itself. However, the manner in which he left Poland - riding off suddenly under cover of the night - was insulting to his Polish subjects and so the senate of Poland gave him an ultimatum: he would either come back to Poland within a year or lose the throne. A year passed, the king failed to return, so the senate declared the throne vacant and announced a new election. Despite that, Henry continued to claim the Polish throne for himself until his death and the French diplomacy never recognised his successor, Stephen Bathory, as a legitimate king of Poland.
As someone who is Polish we would never place a German on the throne. We would probably crown a Radziwiłł.
love it!
The fragmentation period was all between Piast dynasty members: brothers, cousins, uncles and nephews.
The main line of the house of Piast were rather descendants of Władysław II the Exile, the eldest son of Bolesław III. They ruled in Silesia until the end of XVII century. Therefore, king Przemysł II also came from the cadet branch of the Piast dynasty.
Amazing video 👏
Good job. Greetings from Poland
I'm from Poland and support elective monarchy. I actually think that someone from here would be the best choice, and I'd love to be a candidate in such election.
It may be little weird, but Bolesław may be represented in English sounds as Boleswav with "w" like in walkie talkie an "v" as in "Victory".
Sometimes I think it was a mistake to save the Austrians in the Battle of Vienna, see what they did 150 years later
Excellent summary
6:70 he had sons. Actually - 3 sons.
Not that they were legal lol
the “ł” is pronounced like a “w” and “jagiełło” is pronounced like “Ya-gae-uwo” not however you said it. polish is a tough language, so flubs are more common than naught. good attempt though!
Yes, I partially agree, still, the name is not Polish but Lithuanian in origin, and the standard way of pronouncing it here in Poland it is somewhat a mispronounciation itslef, so it's rather unreasonable to insist on that matter.
In English Jagiełło is always "Jogajla".
nemeczek67 really? i didn’t know! i was going off what my polish grandmother could remember. thanks though
He was Lithuanian and we polonized his name. No need for others to polonize it too :-).
He actually pronounced it right if you pronounce it in Lithuanian tongue, rather than Polish (which is a right thing to do, since he is considered a Lithuanian-origin person). Jo-gai-la ("your-guy-la"; would be a funny english example).
Ever thought of combining the two Europe charts to form a mega one
Yup. The printing is way more expensive though. May try to do it someday though.
@@UsefulCharts Holy shit you're a chad.
A chart like this would be more messy than my computer wiring, but your biggest concern is the printing........
R E S P E C C
@@UsefulCharts you could always just to the PDF and show it in a video or something, and maybe eventually make it into a limited time chart as to not spend too much on loads of paper
very cool
3:07 - 18.04.1025, right before his death.
edit: ok' it's just a rumor, but it's very probable that is was shorty before his death.
I think officially it was 1025 just like u say(the rumor says he was too fat to attend ceremony standing ) , but was promised a crown and were called king somewhere around as early as 1000 ( a legendary congress of gniezno).
4:33 you have Vladimir the Wise as the son of Vladimir the Great but it's actually Yaroslav the Wise.
Yeah, it's been noted. I'll fix it on the next printing.
Fun Fact: The Wettins (In the Albertine Branch) are descended from the Polish Noble Houses of Leszczyński (Via Stanisław I) and Sobieski (Via John III) which are 2 royal houses that ruled Poland before so maybe a Future heir from that house could Marry a Czartoryski (since they are a very popular Noble House in Poland as well as being Related to Stanisław August Poniatowski the Last king of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth) plus since they are descended from Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski who ruled General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland and Adam Jerzy Czartoryski 1st ruler of the Polish National Government it practically makes sense! Thus Forming the House of Saxe-Czartoryski
What about the descendants of the House of Poniatowski ? Isn’t it more likely that they would become kings since their dynasty was native Polish rather than German ?
These days monarchists reject an option to choose foreign monarch. Polish monarchists mostly support an idea to create a new dynasty as because of communism a lot of nobles were robbed and there is almost no noble families here.
During world war one in 1917 the German Empire created Kingdom of Poland as a free state, but not independent one. There was a regency council that took power, but wasn't really popular within Polish society. On 7 Oct (today) 1918 regency council declared its independence from the German Empire. Unfortunately socialists took power on Nov (as in Warsaw could start communist revolution like in Bavaria) and Piłsudski took control of the state.
So technically Poland could restore monarchy, but it didn't because of strong socialist movement.
nice
It’s my birthday today thx U for giving me 5is ur the best I know this was celebrated for me!
I know I’m a bit late but still wonderful video keep up the good work👍👌🇵🇱
I recently found out my mothers Maternal line goes all the way to Princess Doubravka of Bohemia!
I find it interesting to think about how history might have gone differently at any of these points. If the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had been able to maintain power over Russia, the world wars would have been very different
i wish you did the leaders of courland but it's just a wish
Not a monarch but I descend from someone who was friends with a Polish president (2nd polish republic) in university. His brother also knew the founder of the second polish republic.
Pls do Bohemian monarchs as well
As a pole, who has a complete family tree I know i come from a line of kings so I should of been somewhere in line to the throne if there were still kings today from the Piast dynasty . Genealogy is awesome !
As a Pole I think that we can take into account an option in which Polish people might choose as a monarch a descendant of Napoleon as he helped Poland a lot during the time when we were torn apart between other countries. PS Poles would never in a million years choose a German as a ruler ;)
Napoleon to nuworsz, arywista.
Wouldn't it be interesting to follow the line of the Jagiellonian House to find out who would be King of Poland today? Would love a video on that!
But the male line became extinct -_-
I think that it would be quite interesting to look at the Piast descendants. The line of Kazimierz the Great was not the only one. There were a few other branches that lasted until the early XVIII century by a male line. Those would be adequate candidates to claim the Polish throne as well.
The last member of Piast dynasty was Karolina Piastówna, who died in 1707. Her most senior heirs (through male preference primogeniture) would be von Ratibor family. Its previous head, Franciszek Albrecht supported Poland in WWII while beeing german and was even imprisioned in concentration camp. He was given medal „Zasłużony dla miasta Raciborza” and „Złoty Krzyż Zasługi”.
Partition of Poland: *enraged Feuilly raises fist!*
Being a huge "Les Misérables" fan, thank you for that comment!
Even in a video about all of Poland's history, people keep talking about one tiny part of it that is talked about way to fucking much.
5:49 between: king Mieszko III "the Old" - Odon of Poznań - Władysław "the Spitter" - Przemysł I of Greater Poland - Przemysł II of Poland