Are Photons & Electrons Particles or Waves? Make up your mind god!
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- Опубліковано 3 сер 2024
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Background videos:
Wave collapse and decoherence: • How Quantum Mechanics ...
Intro to quantum fields: • QFT: What is the unive...
Become an ArvinAsh Patron:
www.patreon.com/bePatron?u=17...
Chapters:
00:00 - World is quantized
2:17 - How de Broglie found particle wave duality
4:30 - Is a photon a wave or particle? Double slit experiment
7:59 - What is the wave function
9:57 - What is a particle intuitively?
10:34 - Why don't large things behave like quantum objects?
11:07 - What is de Broglie wavelength?
13:50 - What is a particle?
Summary:
By the end of 1905, we had two big new equations in physics. Max Planck’s, Energy equals Planck’s constant times the frequency, and Einstein’s Energy equals the mass times the speed of light squared. A young physicist, Louis Debroglie decided to combined them: MC^2 = hf, Since c and h are constants, if you ignore them, it simplifies to M = f - mass is essentially equal to frequency.
But how can mass equal frequency because these are two completely different things. Mass is associated with particles. Frequency is associated with a wave.
Waves like water waves and sound waves can disappear, but the particles doing the waving would still be there. What is doing the waving in quantum objects? Quantum mechanics says that that the particle is not only a particle but is also a wave. They are not separate.
This duality can be demonstrated with the double slit experiment. The original experiment done by Thomas Young in 1801 showed that light is a wave. But modern versions of this experiment show that individual photons of light behave like waves, but behave like particles if measured. But why did it change when we measured it? What caused this change to occur. This is the measurement problem in physics. There is no definitive answer.
What does the wave function in quantum mechanics mean? For Newtonian mechanics, the primary equation is F = MA - Force equals mass times acceleration. Using this if we know the initial position, velocity, and all the forces acting on a particle, I can tell you its exact position at a later time.
The primary equation for quantum mechanics is the Schrodinger equation. In this equation, instead of solving for the particle’s position, we need to solve it for something called the wave function.
Now what is psi - the wavefunction? It is a mathematical expression that represents the state of a quantum system. It is related to the probability of finding the particle in a particular location. Specifically, the square of the norm of the wave function gives you the probability density of the particle. Solving this for an object, I can't tell you where the particle will be. I can only tell you the probability of where you might find it if you measured it.
So quantum objects are kind of smeared across space. They are not like little balls that we can point to and say - it’s there, and it’s moving this fast. All matter behaves like this including things like sand grains, basketballs, and even your body.
But if that is the case, then why don’t basketballs behave the way electrons do - like waves smeared across space? The answer is because the wave behavior of objects that we can see with our eyes, like sand grains or even dust particles is so small that we do not notice it.
To understand why, we have to invoke de Broglie. He believed particles and waves have the same traits, and he derived an equation that describes this. He came up with the de Broglie wavelength, lambda is equal to h, Planck’s constant over mass times velocity, which is also momentum.
Using this relationship, we can find the wavelength of any particle. Solving for an electron in a hydrogen atom, its wavelength is 3.3 x 10^-10 meters. The wavelength of a grain of sand moving 10 m/s would have a wavelength of 10^-25 meters. And for larger things like a basketball, the wavelength would be even smaller - 10^-34 meters. This is not measurable.
#waveparticleduality
A wavelength is one quantum of action. The smaller the wavelength, the less quantum-like the object is. If the wavelength becomes extremely small, any action of that object appears to be continuous. This is why we don’t notice any quantum behavior in macro scale objects. The smaller the wavelength, the less the wavy-ness the object has.
This is why particles with large wavelengths compared to their size like electrons, photons, and other quantum objects exhibit wavelike and thus quantum-like behavior. - Наука та технологія
Background videos:
Wave collapse and decoherence: ua-cam.com/video/wXJ9eQ7qTQk/v-deo.html
Intro to quantum fields: ua-cam.com/video/jlEovwE1oHI/v-deo.html
Wave "collapse" interpretations - Copenhagen vs. Many Worlds: ua-cam.com/video/OjrEudqgZ1M/v-deo.html
Seriously man, way too early to post a premier in subscription feed.... Few hours are fine at max. Just pointlessly occupying my feed... Annoying. I guess nice video and will watch it but this is super annoying
Thank you! I can't wait for the next one :) We need more videos, and even longer if possible.
excellent vid. we are density focus points in this field of energy . DNA and consciousness is an expression of this field of energy which we call spacetime .
I love it it makes my brain all fuzzy
Wouldn't it be simpler to explain that probability defines existence? A point in the quantum field that meets a certain probability manifests a particle, -any- all proximal probabilities are multiplied. A grain of sand doesn't blink in and out of existence because it is the product of an infinite number of high probabilities in the quantum field.
I asked whether light is a particle or a wave to my high school physics teacher. She just said both and moved on. I finally got a satisfactory explanation 32 years later. Thank you because your video satisfied my curiosity.
Here you go: ua-cam.com/video/SDtAh9IwG-I/v-deo.html
Unfortunately, I received the same type of answers when asking questions in the U.S. public school system. A good teacher, when asked these types of questions, should say, I don't know, but I'll find out for you. Or at least point you in the right direction to find the answer for yourself.
That’s as much as the teacher knew. Do your own research should have been her answer.
Refuses to elaborate further. Leaves
And that's why she's just a high school teacher :)
Every time I watch a video like this, I feel like I'm dreaming that I'm entering an alternative universe. Then, I wake up and realise it is actually describing our very own. Very intriguing as always, thankyou Arvin.
U ever think that a Creator made these waves or our reality this way and holds all things together by the things not seen?
Yes@@whatistruth560
No, he is describing an alternate universe, the world beyond our experience. We try to make sense by by using visual/mathematical ideas we already have, but that world is just different.
I mean this in the most positive way. I've been putting on your videos at night to fall asleep to and they put me right to sleep. I love the education I get as I drift off into dreamland. Thanks for your hard work!
Wonderful! I do the same with some of my favorite YT channels as well.
@senor quak illogical conclusion.. like physics, jokes are most satisfying when they obey logical rules. Imho. Just saying :)
If you are still doing the selfschooling-before-sleep, please do pay attention to your dreams.
The brain seems indeed to keep an eye on the last subject matter, and you may end up with very interesting 'revelations' as time goes on.
I tend to doze off in my chair as I watch quality tubes like this one, and I've had many episodes where, as I'm sliding into the abyss, I get to visualize things in ways I would not normally be able to; or I suddenly make very visual, very easy connections between concepts, or come up with representations and permutations which I would never have thought of at wake time. It is often enraging a few seconds later, when I realize I can't really put into coherent words all the things I just "saw", and the harder I try to, the more I lose memory of the entire thing... But it's an amazing experience regardless :)
@@krshna77 the explanation for why this happens is almost as bizarre and interesting as quantum mechanics itself! As you enter in to the first stages of sleep, your brain starts lighting up and doing what you could consider an Italian tune up. Fire on all cylinders! Once you hit a deep sleep, your brain dumps a chemical Joe Rogan talks about a lot. Your brain is physically connecting itself in the most abstract of ways that our conscious brain would struggle to do, so it finds ways to solve problems and make connections that are, no pun intended, mind blowing. I play music, and I always stress to people to practice right before they go to sleep. This is 100% why
Omg same. I love this channel and have been falling asleep to it and then rewatch when I wake up. Glad to know I’m not the only one!
I've been aware of the double-slit experiment for about 15 years. I never really understood it. And when I would read/hear about the act of measuring something could affect the way a wave/particle behaves never really made any sense to me. Arvin's style of presenting is beautiful to watch. After discovering him today on UA-cam, I'm excited again about persuing a career in Physics.
Top notch. A great presentation of information without any dumbing down.
I’ve been in the sciences for almost a half century. A thousand articles and video later, I still find the quantum world (reality) more fascinating than anything in fiction.
That's because it is fiction
@@The1stDukeDroklar - Hardly fiction when LEDs, integrated circuits, cell phones, laptops, etc. all use quantum mechanics to accurately design and manufacture all the microelectronics we use every day.
*deBroglie's wavelength cannot be applied to large objects. It's only for quantum scale particles. You can't find deBroglie wavelength of a basketball like he did in the video.*
All I can say is, “Wow!”. Arvin, you are the best hands down when it comes to explain stuff with such elegance and clarity. Thank you.
When Arvin says That's coming right now and the music comes i am like doing a headbang
I headbang every time during the intro too xD
🙄
love Arvin he’s chill asf
Yeah the intro music is a banger, honestly
\,,/(>.
Good video. I've watched many videos about this subject but I still learn something new in this video.
I have recommended this channel to many of my friends. Arvin Ash sir really explains the things in simple and interesting ways. I do not miss any video from this channel. Really appreciable
I love the depth you go into these topics. Please keep making more great content like this!
Arvin Ash is exemplary of an individual that has a deep understanding of the subject matter because his talent at explaining it in simple terms is unsurpassed. I admire your achievements in astrophysics Arvin, and I’m a devoted follower.
"in the end, it ISN'T even matter" (as Linkin Park would say these days)
I studied there: Whatsamatter U...
Okay that was pretty damn good, ngl lmao.
Great video. I like when you recap some basic concepts like the double slit and add in some new things like de Broglie. I'm looking forward to the next video.
The way you push us to think deeper about science and physics is better than any other on youtube. I love how you explain some deep and complex topics in such easy to comprehend ways.
Just ANOTHER *very* well-done video on one of thee coooolest topics ever! Thank you for being you, Arvin Ash!
Yes! I love how you’re not afraid to show some maths as to how these conclusions are deduced.
This doesn't come from math but from observation. All science comes from observation.
Your videos redeem what the Internet was originally conceived to be - an equal medium for the exchange of knowledge. Keep it up!
The internet is what you make it. It’s a tool that can be useful or a social nightmare.
this is highest and most well deserved praise I've ever seen on a video like this!
Arvins videos have continued to improve leaps and bounds with each upload and I can't wait the next one. Thank you Arvin for making amazing videos that teach so much - and for ALWAYS having closed cations.
Quite possibly your best video. Great explanation of something that is tough to get your mind around. Kudos
Love the way this is presented and the intro is an elegant example from macrocosm to microcosm subscribed and liked. Great channel!
I’ve seen visualizations for the double slit experiments many times before but the way you organized this video and it’s sequence has allowed me to finally understand the information and weirdness in a way I can grasp. Even if it’s a simplification this video is awesome
Excellent video ,Arvin. You touched upon everything. The double slit experiment . Everything explained simply , succinctly and beautifully. I studied physics in college and Quantum mechanics and schrodinger's equation made me and many others break out in cold sweat . Why didn't I have a physics teacher like you? Great job 👍
Glad you liked it!
Wow this video was completely a mind blower. Really enjoyed it and keep up with the great work
this video is mind blowing(so are your other videos, of course). but the thing that fascinates me more is how u explain everything so smoothly that i am truly able to understand and comprehend rather than be riddled with more doubts. its truly a satisfying watch.😍😍🤩🤩
That's really great explanation sir. Thanks for sharing such knowledge with us. God bless you always. 👍👍
So i started to wave to everyone i meet because they are waving at me in the quantum level.😄
and the thin guy much more than the fat one!
@@ernstgumrich5614 😂
Did it matter to them?
Absolutely brilliant combination of visuals and dialogue Arvin 👏. I don't have formal training but I explore reliable sources to acquire a greater understanding of reality, and you certainly help with that. So, thank you!
Amazing explaination! I'm in awe of how great this was. Several things just clicked. Thanks!
What a great video. Looking forward to the next one.
This is way back to the basics. Ive seen much more vids from you about the more developped science, but these simple ones about the very bare essentials i allways like the most. Altough i (think i) allready know everything you told, theys still interesting. Love it. Thanks👍
They tell us nothing new to worth considering
Excellent video, I loved the fact that you showed the relationship between formulas to explain , experiments, and a bit of history. Great novel you made.. wow.
You always do a good job on theses videos. Thank u!
Felicitaciones Arvin, muy claro en tus conceptos, saludos desde Argentina
Decime que se siente 🏆🏆🏆🏆🏆
“A wave packet”... I have not heard that before, thank you.
Those 30 first seconds really blew my mind, thanks for that Arvin!
I enjoy your videos Mr Ash!👍🏽 very short and informative. Keep it up!
OUTSTANDING Explanation 👍🏽 👍🏽 👍🏽 All is energy/light... We exist in a vast sea of energy. We are energy! So depending on your relative observation it is BOTH a wave and a particle.
I know nothing about quantum, yet this explained to me how my focusing on things I prefer in my life over what I do not prefer, actually happens every second of every minute of every hour of every day. How I manifest my life...the good and the bad! Thanyou. I'm on a healing quest to create a cancer free body and this is a great help!♥️🥰
This doesn't have to do with that, regardless hope you get better soon.
I think you’re spot on. Cause as Arvind also concluded.. there no particle.. it’s all wave..Meaning thereby reality manifests only on measurement/observation ie. how you visualise.
This has everything to do with it. It's not wishful the thinking, it is reality creating explained thru quantum and it is amazing.🥰
@@sidj2810 ..exactly👍🏽
Yes..I suppose the brain activities are in quantum realm..also the reason we’ve learnt so little on brain upto now.
Brilliant narrative Arvin - follow your videos, this one is one, top notch. I would suggest a video book, with links / portions of previous videos, organized into chapters - simply superb Arvin
Amazingly timed video. I just started learning about QFT over the past couple of days
What a fantastic presentation of a subtle concept even a non mathamatician can understand .Great job!
Nothing to do with mathematics , it is only the isufficiency of the human brain , a modern know-it-all considering its power above God.
Another great video!! It is so counter intuitive that the larger the object, the smaller the wavelength!? Interestingly, if the mass was not the denominator in the equation, with lambda=mv/h, then the results would be consistent with what we see in the macro world (bigger objects having lower resonance). Just a thought!
dont confound "size" with "mass" :P
@@yourguard4 Thx! I don't think I am. However, there does need to be a distinction between particle mass (energy) vs Macro object mass (gravity influenced).
Great understandable explanations using everyday language and objects! Big thanks!
Amazing video Arvin! congrats
Hello Arvin
Thanks for another amazing video
If all quantum state are same other than upward and downward spin of two practice ,is that mean they are entangled?
And do you think at time of big bang all quantum state are same
If two practice are entangled is that mean time and space act same on that object although they are away from each other?
Time and time again Ash manages to teach on complex subjects in a way that becomes understandable to a layman interested in the subject.
Great video. My favourites are the quantum and space videos. Everything is a wave but the stuff we touch is of a kind of wavelength
Waves are dual to particles -- pure energy is dual, potential energy is dual to kinetic energy or gravitational energy is dual.
Spin statistics theorem:- Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- matter or atomic duality.
Electro is dual to magnetic -- electro-magnetic energy is dual.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
The colour black is dual to the colour white -- all colours (light, spectrum) are dual.
All colours are made from the same substance namely energy but have differing frequencies, same is dual to different. The lack of colour (black) is still treated as a colour by the human visual system.
Lacking is dual to non-lacking.
Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato.
Everything is made from the same substance or energy but comes in differing forms -- duality!
Duality: two equivalent descriptions of the same thing -- Leonard Susskind, physicist.
Two sides of the same coin (heads, tails) -- duality.
Monads are units of force -- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz.
Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull -- forces are dual.
Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of forces).
Cause is dual to effect -- correlation implies forces!
Thesis (cause) is dual to anti-thesis (effect) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (forces) -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Forces are synthesized from the duality or correlation of cause and effect.
Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
Monads are units of force which are dual -- monads are dual.
"May the force (duality) be with you" -- Jedi teaching.
"The force (duality) is strong in this one" -- Jedi teaching.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality (energy) creates reality.
Awesome work, as always!
the cap is a game changer !!.. Arv is communicating profound street cred !!.. We love you Arv !
This is what i keep thinking about.. There is no electron. Can't wait for the next video
our consciousness is just a bunch of waves interacting with other waves
also the universe might be a holograph on black hole surface
Estupendo vídeo!!Deseando ver el próximo 👏👏
You don’t know how much you are good in explaining things! If people want to know about nature, they should really stick to your chanell! Thanks, you are great Mr. Ash!
So the first deep thought most of us had at 12 years old turns out to be kind of true..
Me at 12, "Dad, if I turn around or close my eyes, does everything disappear until I look?" So the universe seemingly behaves as if it were just a quantum ocean of possibility where any and every possible outcome is possible..
Lots of things we thought when we were younger was true, we just got conditioned to reject that thinking
I remember watching a video on the quantum eraser experiment. If I understood that correctly, the wave function doesn’t just collapse upon measurement, it also stops behaving like a wave if at any point in the future, it’s path will be known. As if the particle is reading the future and then deciding whether or not to act like a wave
In essence that's how it does seem to work. However, one really has to contemplate what time is on a quantum scale and quite frankly, physics has no idea what time is. Or even if time is anything at all. We derive time from entropy and the fact that it always increases. Yet entropy and time only emerge as physical properties from large sets of interactions. A single particle travelling through space will never experience anything at all happening if it never interacts with anything, so what does time mean for that particle?
So in the quantum eraser experiment time may pass for the observer, but since for the particle nothing much happens between being emitted, passing the slits and being measured by the eraser one really has to wonder how time factors in to that experiment.
I know that physics can be unintuitive, but I really really doubt that particles are reading the future..or that they are aware of our intentions. I believe that either the wave and particle are different things (like Pilot-Wave theory), or we are not accounting for something.
@@kidzbop38isstraightfire92 I think Sean Carrol is onto something where there isn't a collapse of the wave function but a branch of realities. Thing is I believe our reality is tied to something deeper than the wave function of of free electrons. Meaning there's only so many realities that manifest with that deeper connection of time and history and continuance and only so many branches at any given node will exist. The infinite branches are there, but only some of those branches will be able to adhere to a reality that is tied to the beginning. Them other realities in affect lead nowhere, so we wouldn't see them. These things are deeper and are similiar to the electrons but tied up and compactified in other dimensions or scales that they themselves are tied up in ever deeper scales, only allowing certain infinities to occur. These quarks and subatomics are more steady and constant because the energies involved with them is much higher. Nucleus of atoms carry a high column force and do not change easily. Once they do change...suns, and all I nds of things looking for stability through the firmament. . Otherwise charging of nucleuses' are expressed through electrons and photons. These are the backdrop, black board that the electrons in our makeup flow with. The nucleus of atoms quarks, weak force, subatomics. When released they create photons and electrons... In this upper reality. With their many more multitudes of realities then as electrons and photons. Like aberrations of electron focal optical view. So I agree with Sean on this but I also think there's more to it, as I've said.
Once you measure the position of a particle and its wave function "collapses" to a spikey one (delta function as an eigenfunction of the position operator), its momentum becomes maximally uncertain and if you run it further through the Schrodinger equation you'll find the wave function quickly widening to a bigger and bigger cloud. Such momentatily localized particle doesn't stay localized for more than a moment. (and it can't, of course, or you would know both its position and momentum with certainty).
@@thedeemon once it collapses? How did you see it before it collapsed? Only thing being seen is the spike and the probability.
Superb Video! Keep Doing the Good Work Arvin Ash
I wish I had a clever comment or even a decent question but my mind has been blown. Thanks Arvin!
Our general ‘difficulty’ with grasping things at the microscopic level stems from our usual view of the world at the macro level. An object to us appears solid but that is because we are looking at it at the large scale - the interactions at the quantum level aren’t normally visible. We may think of an atom of iron, for example, as being solid (as a small ball) because that is how we experience it at the large scale, but it is only ‘solid’ because the interactions with the forces at the quantum level prevent us from poking our hand into a block of metal.
As I understand, everything is energy. It it has mass, it has inertia and to change its velocity, it needs energy to do so, which also gives it extra mass.
The only problem I have wiht this is the extra mass part. You can't have "extra" mass. If energy can neither be created nor destroyed, neither can mass. Mass and energy, despite being proportional, are equal according to Einstein. Equal means equal, If you can't create or destroy one, the same is true for the other. They are interchangeable and transferrable, but never gianed or lost. You can't have "extra" mass....or energy for that.....well.....matter. You don't so much gain one and lose the other. One is changed into the other. Mass becomes kenetic energy and potential energy becomes mass. The more massive you are, the less kenetic energy you'll have. The more kinetically energetic you are, the less massive you'll be....relatively speaking, of corse. The proton contains VAST amounts of potential energy but, almost no mass. While planets contain VAST amounts of mass but, very little kentic energy.
@@Thumper770It is our perception of what mass is that gets in the way; mass is just a manifestation of energy. We experience mass as something that resists change in its momentum. If I’m jump starting someone’s car, I have to apply a lot of energy to the car to get it moving; as I do so, I am giving it extra energy and also mass. The velocity change and hence mass change is very small, compared to the speed of light.
@@Thumper770 Planets have plenty of kinetic energy, given the speed and mass they have.
@@ojonasar the point I was trying to illustrate but, failed to, miserably, was that potential energy + kinetic Energy / c squared = mass. There is no room for extra mass or energy. Mass is inversely proportional to its energy at any given speed less than the speed of light. The speed of light threshold demands that matter becomes energy 100%. We know that matter can not travel faster than light and still be matter. But what happens when all motion stops and there is no energy but, ONLY matter? Hmmm........
@@Thumper770 All matter is energy; it’s our day to day perceptions that trip is up. When my older brother went to college to do electronics, I remember him saying later that in one of the years, they were taught how things seemed to be. The following year, they were then taught that what they were taught the previous year wasn’t how it actually was, and were then taught how things were (or at least closer to the way things actually are.) This doesn’t mean that the previous years teaching was wasted; far from it, it was needed so they would better understand the second years teachings.
Wasn't it Niels Bohr who told Einstein, "Don't tell God what to do!"?
Ta.
Just looking at that name Neil's Bohr. Made me think Neil's women lost a hair extension and Neil had to come up with something quick. Cannot know don't know so anything is possible, if/thou it dose not make sense, thou it has driven people crazy.
I want to know why the model where photons are a disturbance in spacetime? Where the positive peak of the wave is more than nothing and the trough is less than nothing, as in the entirety of the photon is these countering canceling virtual particles with a little more that propagates it into space. Essentially identical to gravity waves. I think the debate whether the wave is a disturbance of nothing or something is more relevant, whether there's a field, or just the zero virtual field particles of nothing.
And an electron and its mass is a geometric topological affect that occurs as these virtual particles encircle themselves. So an electron is simply x-ray wave length of light twisted upon itself. That topological structure warps spAcetime, and the warping of spacetime is the angluliar momentum of that structure, directed and focused to the center of the electron, and dispersed throughout the periphery of the structure. The difference of angluliar momentum of any point on the periphery of the structure to the focused point of the center is its mass. We cannot see it's as a spin, but rather like a seesaw where the center fulcrum is the center of the electron. I think it's important as the root
Deep yet simple explanations, thanks!
wonderful presentation, i wish i had a professor like you when i was in my engineer institute
Something I've started wondering about the wave-function, and the way it's "smeared" across space -- what if it occupies all of that space, and the probability of "finding" it is more like the probability of interacting with it?
Imagine trying to track the location of slippery soap bubbles floating through the air, but the only tool you have is a pin, and it can only detect where the head of the pin is when it successfully pops a soap bubble. And maybe the bubbles are slippery, and if you poke them in the wrong way the pin may just slide by them without popping them. It doesn't *always* do this; sometimes it gets lucky and can pop the bubble with a glancing hit. But you can't tell the difference between that and popping it from a poke directly towards the center of the bubble. When you "detect" the bubble as you pop it, you don't know how it was oriented towards the pin; you only know where one point on intersected with the pin. So after a while, and popping enough bubbles, you can plot out the probability of detecting them... but this is really a map of where on the bubble it is easiest or hardest to pop it with the pin. And once you've popped it, the bubble isn't floating through the air anymore.
Alan Watts answered this question decades ago - they are wavicles.
Thank you ! For explaining it in such way we understand.
Excellent explanation, Arvin.
From γ = h/mv if a body is at rest then it will make the denominator zero since its velocity would be zero. Doesnt it makes the wavelength infinite? And if it does, what does it mean?
The same could be said for massleess particles like photon.
It means that body is NOT a wave. And that quantum duality is illogical. And that Broglie guy got a nobel for being illogical and equating 2 energies which are not of the same kind: one is a wave energy, and the other is a particle energy ! He illogically assumes that waves and particles are the same thing and equivalates their energies. This is illogical, its like adding apples with snakes.
@Amit Kumar you cannot tell if anything is at rest without taking relativity into account. We should remember that motion is relative. And the body that you are considering at rest seems to be a macroscopic object as there is always some uncertainty in measuring the position and the momentum of "quantum objects" (see, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle).
Coming onto the case of photons we take their *Rest mass =0* but since photons are never at rest they always have some mass given by de Broglie's relation E = hf.
“The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “,Mark McCutcheon.
@@tanayshukla9883 I got the answer from google. But thanks for your reply 😊
@@AmitKumar-nq7wk Yes, if a massive particle has a well-defined momentum (ie. it's not in a superposition of several different momenta), then using the equation a=h/(gamma•m•v), you get that the wavelength blows up to infinity if the velocity goes to zero. (a=wavelength, gamma=gamma factor, m=mass, v=velocity, h=Planck's constant). But then the question arises of how you'd make the velocity go to zero in the first place. Note also that the velocity here is the group velocity, not the phase velocity of the wave itself.
Now I know that light is a wave. I can die peacefully😌
wonderfully clear today. Congrats.
Arvin , you did it again. Great work Man
Once again, a very comprehensive video!
A couple of thoughts. Are the pattern varations in the double slit experiment not a result of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle? After all, without the detector, we get a wavelike pattern and can infer information about momentum, since we gain info about wavelength. When a detector is being used, the particles interact with the detector and we gain info about location, which comes at a sacrifice of info about momentum.
Another thought this video raised is when you mentioned that the universe is essentially discrete, that it exists of discrete energetic quanta. Framing this in the concept of spacetime, I cannot help but think that it is exactly these discrete energetic interactions that make time and space emerge as a phenomenon. If we would assume that the entire universe is 1 discrete event, it would appear continuous within itself, no?
A had a discussion a while ago about how everything we appear to see in realtime, and our brain interprets as a sense of now, is an illusion if we look at the quantum world. Light needs to travel a certain way to reach our retina’s, and then the translated electrical signal has a distance to cross to the occipital lobe in our brains. So our sense of now is built on information that is essentially always a perspective on how whatever we look at was a certain moment in the past, dependent on its proximity etc.
Now, whether it is sunlight bouncing from a basketball to reach our eyes, or bouncing from hydrogen clouds hundreds of thousands of lighyears away, the event where the photon hits the retina is the only real event that matters. That is to say, it is the first contact of that photon from the time of its emission to its absorption by a cone or rod at the other side of the retina. The entire route from the moment it was emitted to the moment it is absorbed is a continuous path, and its alpha and omega are the only discrete endpoints of that continuous path. So in essence, the sense of time emerges exactly in discrete energy transferrences, the moment inbetween is experienced as a ‘timeless’ continuous state. We know there is a relation between mass and the experience of time passing, and that a photon experiences no time passing during its travel from emission to absorption. Extrapolate that to all known particles and you could state that any discrete ‘particle’ behavior is the result of an intersection between continuous ‘waves’ of energy, where a certain energetic treshold is reached creating a discrete moment of spacetime in which the timelike behavior of momentum crystallizes in spacelike behavior of location.
I don’t know if I’m making much sense. But the TLDR or take away is that I feel like discrete interactions are what generates a sense of time, or at least a difference and relativistic contrast between mathematical regions where a lot of discrete interactions are packed close together (massive objects), versus mathematical regions that are much less densely packed (the vacuüm) where energy experiences spatial topography as close to 0, and temporal topography as close to 1.
Dude! Much better than pbs space, for me!
Perfect level 👍
Brilliant, as usual! Tops! Should be mandatory watching in science classes at school.
Quantum field, I think, is what binds the universe together and depending on scale, also causes it to expand. In a way, it's like a landscape.
Thank you for another fantastic presentation!
I have a question , what happens when the particle wave length gets smaller than Planck length ?
Does this break physics or the is particle wave length unmeasurable in this case ?
One would form microscopic black holes. But this is theory. We don't know if the Planck scale even exists. My bet would be that it doesn't.
Basketball wave length is unmeasurable so suspect your particle will simply be unmeasurable too (and not break any law of physics)
@@ezigwe Why would something like that be unmeasurable? Microscopic black holes decay differently from other quanta, the signature in an accelerator experiment would be quite unique (if boring).
@@schmetterling4477 Not sure what you're saying. Basketball wavelength can be calculated but no tool that i know of exists to measure that length. Immeasurable
@@ezigwe A wavelength is not a property that belongs to a single quantum, to begin with. If that is what you are after, then you don't understand the physics, at all.
Oops ! didn't know they're different son but I still bless myself.
I’m 22 years of age and I’m only now just starting to truly understand things
Never too late !
I really think that you are one of the best scientific popularizers in the world. The way you explain, combined with clarifying videos is spectacular.
I'm an engineer, but you manage to get me excited about ALL your videos.
congratulations!
Regards from Argentina.
Glad to hear that! Thank you.
Easy to answer: Photons and electrons aren't particles or waves, they are photons and electrons. Comparing them to particles or waves is an analogy, and analogies are never perfect.
So what they are? Robots;) discrete machines with huge amount of states. Almost Turing machine.
You have no physics for the words however.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Waves are dual to particles -- pure energy is dual, potential energy is dual to kinetic energy or gravitational energy is dual.
Spin statistics theorem:- Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- matter or atomic duality.
Electro is dual to magnetic -- electro-magnetic energy is dual.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
The colour black is dual to the colour white -- all colours (light, spectrum) are dual.
All colours are made from the same substance namely energy but have differing frequencies, same is dual to different. The lack of colour (black) is still treated as a colour by the human visual system.
Lacking is dual to non-lacking.
Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato.
Everything is made from the same substance or energy but comes in differing forms -- duality!
Duality: two equivalent descriptions of the same thing -- Leonard Susskind, physicist.
Two sides of the same coin (heads, tails) -- duality.
Monads are units of force -- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz.
Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull -- forces are dual.
Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of forces).
Cause is dual to effect -- correlation implies forces!
Thesis (cause) is dual to anti-thesis (effect) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (forces) -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Forces are synthesized from the duality or correlation of cause and effect.
Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
Monads are units of force which are dual -- monads are dual.
"May the force (duality) be with you" -- Jedi teaching.
"The force (duality) is strong in this one" -- Jedi teaching.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality (energy) creates reality.
@@hyperduality2838 Duality is just hole/filler physics.
@@pinchopaxtonsgreatestminds9591 Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes.
According to Descartes your soul is dual!
Making predictions to track targets is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant.
According to Kant your mind/soul is dual.
Noumenal (mind, rational) is dual to phenomenal (matter, science, empirical) -- Immanuel Kant.
Metaphysics is dual to physics.
For the first time, I have heard that even macro objects have wave function, though it is immesurably small. That is a revelation. There is a lingering doubt. Unlike electrons, photona or muons etc, a basket ball is made up of trillions of atoms. Each of them must have their own quantum behaviour. Is the quantum behaviour of the basket ball sum total of these trillion particles, or is the quantum behaviour of the basket ball independent of the particles making up the ball?
Yess even for larger objects. They can pass through a solid surface like electrons but for that to happen the possibility of the position of all the smaller particles making up the large objects must be beyond that surface but the probability of that would be incredibly low
Damn! I knew it! Your thoughts and changes in vibrations can effect the results! Thank you.
Your thoughts will not affect the results.
Another excellent video! Thanks a lot
Not watched it yet but so looking forward to it. You have some really good videos
Particles and waves are concepts we use to explain how the math applies to things we have observed. They seem to contradict for quantum physics, because the concept does not apply for quanta.
Brilliant as usual!! Thank you
Arvin Ash is a genius. Coz only someone who understands this concept inside out can explain it with such simplicity! This one is your best yet and where can I find the next one that you teased us with?
Finally an answer that i could understand. Thanks Arvin
Thank you for sharing knowledge in easy ways
Woah, this made it so much clearer, but also now I'm curious how can everything be a wave... Thanks for the video!
Everything is not a wave. There is also cheese. ;-)
For those who didnt get the point of the video, this is saying that we have no clue about what is mass and what is a particle.
True, it hurts the ego of materialists😂😂
The concept, presented in the "World of the rings" , "The Planck view of the black hole" , on the ResearchGate, gives the idea , what is the nature of the mass and what is the elementary charge. Both derived from the dynamics and topology of the oscilating electromagnetic pulse closed persistent (non dissipative) energy flux, in the form of toroidal ring.
best explanation, best graphics !! Nice Arvin. Keep doing the good work.
2:47 THIS is so mindblowing, I imagine everyone jumping out of their seats and howling like sports fans when a goal is scored
Seriously though, it's so logical and obvious, why wasn't it me who figured that out!!
Best description of quantum wave function I've ever seen. Length of matter's quantum wave length is inversely proportional to its mass, brilliant.
The problem with this view is that the denominator also contains v (the speed of the object). That means, if the object is very slow, the wavelength becomes very large and even goes towards infinity for v->0.
Mind blowing explanation.
Really appreciable.
Hi Arvin! You did it again! Feynman would be proud! Can't wait for 2nd video!
Much appreciated.
Feynman's lecture on it esp. Einstein's equation is totally misleading and a lie! Feynman did not understand QM either as
Very well explained Sir 👏
Great as always!!
Great video!!
Love your explanations man❤👌
nicely explained. thanx alot ❤
Very well explained ... strangley, considering the topic, it all making perfect sense.
you are number one because produce your videos in high level of consideration, THANKS