How similar are Polish and Ukrainian?
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- Опубліковано 25 кві 2024
- #polish #ukrainian #slavic #languagecomparison #linguistics
We will compare two languages: Polish and Ukrainian. They are both Slavic languages that for a long time developed within borders of the same country. And they do have funny false friends!
Support my channel on Patreon: / authling
Special thanks to Michał for his Polish audio samples!
Photos from Unsplash: Lāsma Artmane, David Mohseni, Marcin Czerniawski, freestocks, Євгенія Височина, Eugene, Artem Zhukov, Oleksii Berdnikov, Diana Vyshniakova.
00:00 Introduction
00:20 Alphabets
00:54 Vocabulary
02:12 False friends
03:20 Phonology
04:41 Grammar: nouns
06:37 Grammar: verbs
08:02 Sample sentence
08:35 Questions
I'm learning Polish... first 30 years were the hardest (I am Polish).
Zgadza się zaraz będę miał taki sam staż, a dalej błędy robię. pepew
Jak widać po tym że edytowałem ten komentarz.
I'm Ukrainian maybe the first 200 years will be even harder
no kurwa miałem to samo.
ale prawdziwe
Yeah
It's much harder than English (i'm polish too)
I am Polish and grew up around Ukrainians. We all hung out together and most of my Ukrainian friends spoke Polish with a heavy accent. The ones who did not speak Polish, we could still speak our native languages and understand one another fairly well. I am Polish with partial Ukrainian decent and love my Slavic brothers 😊
how do you think, Russian is not a Slavic language or it is?(sorry for my english)
@@andreystickigbarriere7004 rushian slavic language I can say it as a ukrainian because I know ukrainian and rushian
Yeah, In my school were so much ukrainians
russians dont understand other slavic languages but many slavic nations understend russians because of forcible rusification by ussr. Russians have another language, mentality if slaves and imperialistic culture. Slavic culture civilized, peaceful and freedom loving.
As a Ukrainian who lived for 4 years in Poland can say that
When I moved to Poland i needed 1 week to adapt to their language, meaning it felt the same as listening to some strange unknown slavic language and the only thing i could get from their language is the idea.
After 1 month i could speak Polish with mistakes, but overall could express my thoughts.
After 4-5 months i was able to speak almost freely without big difficulties to express myself, but with a clear accent.
I must say that even living for 4 years in Poland, it was and still is quite hard to read Polish.
@@Eltar_ Reading is not that complex, it's mostly pronounced as written. If you speak another slavic language that uses latin alphabet it's not that hard. What really kills me is the conjugation, it works slightly different then I think it should.
@Ch_j osu! im actually in Portugal and i have been living here for 20 years xD
I simply made my Bachelor's erasmus in Poland
@@Eltar_ I am Polish and reading Polish is the easiest thing in the world 🙂
I learned the Cyrillic alphabet when I was learning Russian (which made learning reading Ukrainian easier).
But I still struggle through it like a 5-year-old.
So don't feel bad about it. You are not alone.
@@Eltar_for Ukrainian? 10th hardest language?
im polish and i started to watch ukrainian youtube, after 1 year i can understand about 90 % with no lessons no school etc , now im watching only ukrainian news
Great job! I learned Polish mostly by listening to audiobooks and now I perceive it like my third native language.
Pozdrawiam! I'm Ukrainian and watch polish youtube sometimes too. I began to understand the majority without any learning maybe in 1 week. Now I understand almost everything except some too rare words.
Thanks to your country for support and great help you've done
I’ve learned polish the same way) The only downside is I can’t write 😀
The same I do with polish youtube and tiktok. It is quite easy to understand almost everything.
Generally Slavic languages are more difficult to learn for me who speak an Austronesian language as my mother tongue because of how huge the difference between the languages. But other that than that I find slavic languages amazing and beautiful. And as someone who is slowly learning Polish with my own I can say it's hard but fun at the same time. Pronunciation and reading Polish at first was a nightmare but after months of practicing I can do it way better now but still there are some words that I really need to look at it slowly to properly read. Pozdrawiam z Filipin!
Knowing one Slavic makes learning another much easier. In fact, most Slavic languages are very similar and the most difficult thing in Slavic languages is to learn how to conjugate words correctly and exeption ( in my opinion as a Ukrainian )
@@user-bx3ct3yl5u Fun story, I have Russian friends online and I wasn't learning Russian at that time but whenever they speak I can somehow understand few words (mostly when it is written, I actually learned how to read Cyrillic script just in case I try to learn Russian back then lol).
Also sometimes whenever I am trying to compare words between Russian and Polish both of us are learning new things.
Anyway, when it comes to Polish though still not good but I can understand the pattern of verb conjugation which I find it easy. The main challenge for me is the case system which is so different to the languages that I can speak.
@@oniuqajohn Once my grandmother worked in Poland for several months without knowing the language. She spoke ukrainian and people understood her. She also had two Russian roommates with whom she did not get along very well
That is incredibly impressive. As someone who is slowly learning Japanese I can relate a bit. I think there are some similar words - most likely due to all-European Spanish/English - Latin - Polish connection with the Philippines, but that is a huge gap to cross. Good luck!
Hodně štěstí!
I'm a Ukrainian with C1 level in Polish. It took me two years to learn Polish from 0 to C1, having 3 group lessons a week in Kyiv. For comparison, learning Japanese to N1 Japanese Proficiency level (I guess it's somewhere close to C1) took me around 6 years, and the worst part is that I tend to forget Japanese very quickly, while I still remember Polish even without much practice.
The funniest case was with the verb "ruchać", that has some sexual connotations in Polish, but means innocent "to move" in Ukrainian. So such phrases as "Stop moving it" literally translated from Ukrainian usually sound hilarious to Polish. And vice versa, the slang word "pierdolić", which in Polish means the f-word and can be used as a metaphore in any context, like "pierdolić samochodem", in Ukrainian is close to the word meaning "fart", so hearing "pierdolić samochodem" will cause incontrollable laughter among Ukrainians who don't know Polish.
"pierdolić samochodem" ? I think it doesn't make sense in Polish. I can't even imagine what it would mean and when it could be used...
@@mm34639 I guess it's kind of slang, I heard something along the lines "Popierdalalismy samochodem 120 na godzine" from a Polish guy, his language was also full of other swear words as well. Sorry, I'm using English keyboard, without proper symbols.
The Polish standard word for "to move" is "ruszać/ruszyć".The most common Polish f-word is "pierdolić". "Jebać" is also used - similar to the Ukrainian word. "Ruchać" is seldom used and it sounds odd/old-fashioned. "To fart" is "pierdzieć". I'm Polish and I have never heard anyone saying "pierdolić samochodem". Maybe you mean "zapierdalać/popierdalać samochodem", which is a vulgar way of saying "to drive a car very fast". BTW, "zapierdolić/podpierdolić samochód" would be a strong way of saying "to steal a car".
There are lots of Polish strong words with the stem -pierd-. I’m wondering whether you can understand this text: Pierdoleni raszyści napadli Ukrainę. Rozpierdolili pół kraju, podpierdalają wszystko, nawet muszle klozetowe. Ale dzielni Ukraińcy bronią swojego pięknego kraju, więc ruscy będą zaraz spierdalać za Ural.
@@Pawel__M I definitely didn't know that 'zapierdolić/podpierdolić' can mean "to steal" as well, that's quite funny, we also have a lot of words with different meanings, like "to steal", "to go somewhere", "to talk" derived from a swear word, but we use the "pizda" as a root - "spyzdyty = to steal", "pyzdity = to talk", "pyzdywaty = to go" etc.
As for pierdzieć, we have it almost the same - 'perdity', so when we hear something like "popierdoliło" we definitely understand that nothing good is going on)) Yes, I understood the entire text and couldn't agree more! I hope to see with my eyes that beautiful moment when ruscy będą spierdalać jak najdalej.
Could you possibly help me with one more linguistic puzzle? I heard "pierdalaj skojarzenie" in one video, just as a compilation of Polish swear words, no context. And since then I've been racking my brain, trying to figure out what it could have possibly meant.
As a matter of fact, "ruchać" also used to mean just "move" until not so long ago. I'm in the process of going through Reymont's Chłopi (1904) and it's full of those obsolete bits that sound hilariously vulgar in today's context, like a housewife complaining about her lazy husband who doesn't even want to move/f**k. 😂
For me, the funniest is how we diverted from one common (and still known as official/poetic) "niechaj" / "нехай" (let) into a short form, but in PL it's "niech" while in Ukrainian it's "хай", everyone has their part of the word.
You can also use "niech" (and "naj") in Ukrainian, but those are dialect/archaic forms.
"niechaj" is actually intact in Polish, although sounds a bit dated and high register
Damn man you're right 😂 didn't think about that before, that's hilarious
Everything is much more complicated in Ukrainian, the word "Хай" has several meanings that contradict each other. And the word "Нехай" is used quite often when you want to say a long and more literary sentence. It is difficult to translate, I will write a few examples in Ukrainian.
Підняти хай.=Start a scandal
Не хай мене!=Do not scold me!
1 Я добре відрізав?
2 Ні,але нехай так й лишиться, краще вже не буде.
=
1 Я добре відрізав?
2 Хай так.
And this is not a complete spectrum.
@@Overlord734 I've never heard "niech" and "naj" is pretty common in western dialects
I'm swedish and started learning ukrainian when I missed canceling a trial subscription to a language app, wanted to get some value from it and thought "Hey, Ukraine is a cool place!" 😂 And I was hooked.
Half a year later russia invades and I just accelerated my studies - it became like a personal act of love and commitment for Ukraine, like going all in on the Ukrainian future. It's difficult with an entirely different language group and alphabet, and the cases are just melting my brain, but I really love this language. It's flexible and expressive, and it sounds beautiful - both melodic and distinct. Like bouncy air, or like tight, well defined clouds.
Чудово, чогось навчився? :)
Well...I would like to propose you for a new king of Novgorod, as soon as muscovites hang current tzar. Just as tradition dictates. All hail the king of Rus.
@@fifty725 Не так багато чи так швидко як я хочу. Це важка мова! Зараз у мене є вчитель, це допомагає :)
@@medeology4660 успіхів вам!
@@medeology4660 Нічого страшного, час є, крім того не багато людей вчать українську, і вона досить складна для не слов'янських мов
Greetings from Ukraine (Odesa). Thank you very much to the person from Australia who tells us the difference between Polish and Ukrainian.
Автор австралієць? Нічого собі! В нього українська вимова краща за половину всіх наших політиків й чиновників
@@Demon6362 так принаймні написано ,якщо перейти до інформаації "про канал"😀
@@Demon6362 Так канал зареєстрований в Австралії але чомусь в нього є телеграм і це викликає в мене сумніви щодо того звідки автор)
Про вимову: Мені здається то щось на подобі гугл спікера з транслейту(Хз як він називається)
@@Demon6362 Polskie słowa też dobrze wymawia
@@wojciechgaan9666 Самому було цікаво чи він і по польські вимовляє так же гарно як і по українські здалось що він навіть говорить без акценту ! Може автор чех чи словак що він має таку гарну вимову :)
I'm from Ukraine, live in Poland now. Love this country and people.
Slava Ukraïni
@@jezalb2710героям слава!
We love you too 💙💛 Greetings from western Poland 🇵🇱☺️ Sława Ukrainie!
@@CinCee- у складі Китаю
Сподіваюсь, що ти дуже скоро повернешся до нас, брате!
Im Ukrainian and when I first got here I had a funny situation in cafe(I were asked with what flavor I want ice cream)
So basically in Ukrainian the word "Fruit" translates as "Фрукт" (sounds like frukt), however on Polish "Fruit" translates as "Owoc". And funny fact is that "Owoc" in Ukrainian means "Vegetable", so when I`ve been asked in cafe "With what Owocze do I want an ice cream" I were a bit confused because for me it meant "With what Vegetable do I want an ice cream"
To sum up on Ukr "Fruit" is "Фрукт" (sounds like frukt)= PL "Owoc"
and Ukr Овочі (Owoc) = Vegetable
That's interesting. Didn't know that. It's yet another example of a "false friend" between the two languages;)
"Frukt" is also word for "fruit" in Polish, but is outdated, and almost never used.
In Polish, the term fruit (owoc) is not a proper name, it is a term describing a process, a phenomenon, a child is the fruit (owoc) of love, e.t.c. Apple is the fruit (owoc) of an apple tree, carrot, onion does not give birth to children), therefore in Poland it does not have the status of a fruit(owoc) but vegetable i.e. jarzyna, warzywo.
@@times4937 I know what you mean. English has the same meaning for the word "fruit", eg. "Fruit of love". Ukrainians use the word "плід" (plid) for that meaning (from Proto-Slavic "plodъ").
As far as I understood even non-fruit trees can be described as "fruiting", eg. "Klon owocuje" meaning "creating seedlings".
What's interesting, is that pre-soviet Ukrainian seems to br even a little closer to Polish. We used to use "овоч" to mean fruit in general as a synonym to "плід", while you would call vegetables specifically "городина"
Also, Ukrainian has two different future forms: compound "буду робити" and "робитиму". And you would expect them to convey a slight difference in their meanings or for one of them to be dialectal, but I don't think either is true: both are used and seem to be interchangeable (source: I made it up, but I am a native)
@@illia47 compound form also works only with imperfective verbs, so, they are totally interchangeable
Three. There is also the future perfect tense - зроблю. And the past perfective я зробила/зробив to complement the робив/робила. Ukrainian tempus is easy, they said. Only one for each, past present and future. It's cases and declinations that are difficult, they said. No. No. It's all a nightmare. I have no idea why I enjoy learning this language so much, but I'm hooked, I just love it.
@@medeology4660 😆good luck!(genuinely)
It's more like perfective-imperfective verb distinction, where the perfective ones in the "present" tense are used to talk about the future. Because you can't really add з- to any verb, there are a bunch of these perfective prefixes that sometimes change the verb meaning quite dramatically, so it makes more sense to think of it as an entirely new verb. But yeah, it's a bit of a mess anyway :D
@@harry.tallbelt6707 indeed, you're right. However, Ukrainian has future perfect, but it's nearly obsolete and is used only in some regions and it also isn't a part of standardized language. It is formed by adding "буду (-еш, -е...") to the past form of a verb, for instance "буду пішов" means "I will have gone." It's more a fun fact thаn useful information, but still some people use it.
The same in Polish: "będę śpiewał" and "zaśpiewam", "będę robić" and "zrobię", etc. So it is not unique to Ukrainian, because there is the same future imperfect and future perfect tense in Polish (and in Czech or Slovak) 🙂
I studied basic Ukrainian and planning to learn Polish, both languages are beautiful
Being Polish and learned Russian at school it makes easier for me to understand Ukrainian. At least I know most of Ukrainian letters and a lot of words - I have impression that it's possible for me to talk about basic things and be mutually understable. I never thought about learning Ukrainian but last year there are so many people from Ukraine in Poland that it makes sense to learn at least very basic words and phrases - like "bud' laska" for our "proszę" :) to make their stay more polite in such hard times for them.
Thank you for caring. Powodzenia :)
Dziękuję, że życzliwie przyjęli moich współobywatele, w najtrudniejszy dla nas czas♥️
Nigdy tego nie zapomnimy! 🇺🇦🇵🇱🇪🇺
Dziękuję za wsparcie Ukrainy. Powiedz proszę, w którym roku uczyłeś się rosyjskiego i czy było to dobrowolne czy wymuszone?
@@LuXoDiy W Polsce do upadku komunizmu wszyscy w szkole musieli uczyć się rosyjskiego. Ja miałem 13 lat w 1989 (ten rok uznajemy za upadek komunizmu w Polsce bo wtedy były pierwsze wybory nie w pełni kontrolowane przez partię komunistyczną). Więc w szkole podstawowej uczyłem się od klasy 5 do 8 (4 lata), potem w liceum nie miałem wyjścia - musiałem wybrać jeden wschodni i jeden zachodni język i nie było innego wschodni języka niż rosyjski - to znowu 4 lata uczyłem się rosyjskiego. Potem na studiach znowu było tak samo (jeden wschodni i jeden zachodni i ze wschodnich był tylko rosyjski dostępny) więc jeszcze 5 lat nauki - w sumie 13 lat. Skończyłem studia w roku 2000 i od tamtej pory nie używam rosyjskiego nigdzie - w pracy tylko angielski jest potrzebny z języków zagranicznych.
Natomiast dzisiaj prawie nikt nie uczy się rosyjskiego w szkołach, standardem jest angielski, potem hiszpański (dziwne, ale tak jest), potem niemiecki, francuski, włoski.
Teraz jak wchodzę do szkoły gdzie moje córki się uczą to widzę wszędzie napisy po ukraińsku - ale to tylko dla dzieci które nie znają polskiego i zaczęły tutaj naukę rok temu, w mojej okolicy (zaraz pod Warszawą) jest tych dzieci bardzo dużo. Mam nadzieję że im to trochę ułatwia pobyt za granicą... Sława Ukrainie!
@@LeszekDeska Героям Слава, dziękuję za szczegółową odpowiedź, jednocześnie dziwne i nie zaskakujące jest słyszeć o obowiązkowej nauce rosyjskiego.
Great video! Surprisingly, as a native Polish speaker, I've learned a new Polish word from it - 'kawon'. Somehow I don't recall ever hearing it before, but it apparently indeed is another word for watermelon in Polish.
Neither do I, perhaps It's a word which is used by minority groups 😅
It's apparently used in the Cracow reginal dialect as well as in the Lviv dialect.
@@grzegorzha. Shows how little dialects actually matter nowadays. Never heard it either and I'm from Mielec - east of Cracow, West of Rzeszów.
me too, i had to google if its true xD
Ye, that word is quite new for me too, but i m from Kielce.
Amazing! No, I haven't run into funny situations yet.
Recently I've watched the film "Щедрик" ("Carol of the Bells") created in Ukrainian-Polish co-production. There Ukrainian, Polish and sometimes Russian and German are spoken. None of the foreign languages are dubbed for the Ukrainian audience, and almost everyone understands Polish even without subtitles (though they are given). Polish isn't as similar as Belorussian to Ukrainian, but still very close.
By the way, I strongly recommend "Щедрик/Szczedryk" for watching. And thank you for the great video!
Polish and Ukrainian are structurally quite different because one is West Slavic while the other is East Slavic. People are so linguistically naive when they say that languages are similar just because they share a lot of vocabulary. Vocabulary is the most superficial part of any language, and just because English has more Latinate than Germanic vocab, that doesn't make it a Romance language since it's still genetically and grammatically Germanic.Yes, Ukrainian has borrowed quite a lot of words from Polish but the extent of mutual intelligibility is overestimated. I, as a Pole, don't understand East Slavic languages that well, except for individual words and sometimes phrases, due to the differences in pronunciation (especially your palatalisation), and in grammar. Yes, Ukrainian and Belarussian are still a little easier to understand than Russian but when I hear a Ukrainian person when I'm on train, for example, I don't understand what they're talking about. And I've seen Ukrainians not understanding ticket inspectors when they were trying to explain something to them. Or when they go shopping, they usually try to communicate in English because ppl in Poland don't speak Russian (which is the main language they use in big cities).
@@bartoszwojciechowski2270 well, I’m speaking about my experience. Most Ukrainians I know usually don’t have problems with understanding Polish. And yes, my bad, it’s not accurate to use the word “similar” for Ukrainian and Polish. But they are still at the high level of mutual intelligibility
@@bartoszwojciechowski2270 I can guess that you often hear Russian from Ukrainians in Poland because majority of refugees are from the East, where the most of the Russian speakers are from
@@makkusu3866 No, I hear both Russian and Ukrainian. And while I can understand Ukrainian better (I don't understand Russian at all due to their awful free stress which results in extensive vowel reduction), I certainly wouldn't be able to understand entire conversations, just the gist of the things they're saying.
@@bartoszwojciechowski2270 And it's not even a lot of strictly Polish words, seeing how Ukrainian borrowed a lot of Latin, German/Yiddish and French THRU Polish, with those not being words native to Polish either
For me, as a Ukrainian native speaker, "zapamiętałem" (remembered) and "zapomniałem" (forgot) are the pain in my neck
But it has nothing to do with being Ukrainian native speaker because (to forgot) will be "zabuty" in Ukrainian and if you ONLY knew Ukrainian then you wouldn't be confused. If you want to be correct you have to specify that you're native Ukrainian speaker who also knows russian language at fluent level because that is exactly what gives you pain and confusion since in russian (to remember) is "zapomnit'"
@@ankha3250 RIght. Or maybe surżyk - the russified version which has almost pushed Ukrainian out of some cities around XIX century.
it has nothing to do with the Ukrainian language : "zapamiętałem" = "zapamjatał" ; "zapomniałem" = "zabuł"
Great video, as a Ukrainian can say that it's spot on! Please do more comparison of slavic languages, would love to hear about serbo-croatian
I will definitely describe Serbo-Croatian in one of the next videos.
@@AuthLing that's awesome, love your channel bro!
Hi from Serbia❤😊
Pozdrav iz Srbije (in serbian)
Pozdrav iz Srbije (in croatian)
😂🙋♂️
@@SK-rw8fz You forgot to write it in Bosnian and Montenegrin too XD
@@Omnigreen O,no.They are different languages.
Pozdrav iz Srbije(Bosnian ana Herzegovinian)
Pozdrav iz Srbije (Montenegrin aka Crnogorski)
Hello from Serbia (eng.)
🙋♂️ but...love them all,just to know
Very cool video! I just want to clarify some details.
1. The Ukrainian language also has an alternative form of the future tense. For example, "буду співати" (I will sing) (pol. tr. budu spiwaty) can also be replaced by the expression "співатиму" (pol. tr. spiwatymu). It is formed from the infinitive, "м" (m) and the personal ending (in "у", "еш", "e", "емо", "eте", "уть").
2. Although it has already been said about the counterparts, nevertheless, in one fragment (6:45) it would be better to compare "będzie pisać" and "буде писати", because the ending "ć" and "ти" (ty) are more correlated among itselves.
Thank you very much for the material. I hope you will take note of the comments!
The same in Polish: "będę śpiewał" and "zaśpiewam", So it is not unique to Ukrainian, because there is the same future imperfect and future perfect tense in Polish (and in Czech or Slovak , for example). It seems to me that Ukrainian took over these regularities from the West Slavic languages, perhaps from Polish, which had a strong influence on him.
@@alh6255 We can form the future tense with a prefix too. Therefore, this characteristic is common. While Polish and Ukrainian have their own unique methods.
1.Common: "заспіваю" (pl.tr. zaspiwaju) = "zaśpiewam" ["prefix" + "verb" + "personal ending"]
2.Common: "буду співати" (pl.tr. budu spiwaty) = "będę śpiewać" ["to be (personal)" + "infinitivе"]
Ukrainian unique method: "співатиму" (pl.tr. spiwatymu) ["infinitive" + "m" + "personal ending"]
Polish unique method: "będę śpiwał(a)" ["to be" + "past form"]
Zaspiwaju = Zaśpiewam
Budu spiwaty = Będę śpiewać
🇺🇦Spiwatymu 🇵🇱Będę śpiеwał(a)
@@alh6255 Actually - they are not different aspects (like in English) of the same base verb, but different verbs: perfect "zaśpiewać" verb has no present grammar form (only past and future).
Після початку війни, моя сім'я перебралася до Польщі. І тепер я хочу вчити мову країни яка прихистила мене і моїх рідних! Вчити мову народу, який нам допоміг!
🌾🌻🇺🇦❤🇵🇱🌻🌾
Бажаю успіхів! Я обожнюю польську мову і сподіваюся, що вам вона теж подобається.
for me, as a Ukrainian from the west of Ukraine, Polish vocabulary is very familiar. In my region, Polish words are often used in conversation😅
bo kiedyś zachodnia ukraina była polską
@@SSzczuro nie ma takiego kraju "zachodnia Ukraina”… istnieje zachód Ukrainy
@@SSzczuro Naukę pisania chyba w pierwszej klasie zakończyłeś? 😂
@@d.d.3249 skąt rześ wiedzioł?
@@ice_chill In polish 'zachodni/a {country}' and 'zachód {country's}' are used interchangeably. Zachodnia Ukraina and zachód Ukrainy mean exactly the same, western part of Ukraine. Sometimes we change the word order, so you can also hear 'Polska wschodnia' meaning the eastern part of Poland.
Since I currently live in a Polish-Ukrainian mixed household, I can comfortably say that the languages are mutually intelligible if you speak slow enough and are good at catching contextual meaning. And that you can learn one rather easily if you know the other.
And in esp. when you additionally speak Russian.
А что у вас за семья? Можно подробности? Или это слишком нагло? Просто очень интересно :3
100%
I will never forget, when I first visited Poland and I had to go by bus to Jelenia Góra. I was asking the driver, if that was the bus to Jelenia Góra and I heard "tak, tak, będę tam jechał". And I was confused by the combination of "będę" and "jechał", which was so ancient to me hearing something that would be unacceptable in Czech language (I refer to combination of "past" and "future" together).
Ironically, I speak like this normally now, yet in my first experience with Polish language, I was pretty buffled!
Będę jechał
będę jechać
pojadę
😂
It is from the word "jeździć" , which means on the english" a drive".
@@mirage6335 Thank you for the explanation, but I do speak Polish for a long time for me to not know the core verb, I mentioned that very fact in the original comment, you have probably overlooked that.
@@RichieLarpa your welcome also my native is Polish btw.
Here in poland recently interactions between ukrainian and polish speakers are quite common i have witnessed and been a part of many conversations in which one person talked in ukrainian and the other responded in polish and both sides were able to comunicate this way relatively well
Я не поляк та не українець, але обома мовами володію більш-менш добре. Вони справді дуже схожі, але водночас мають багато розбіжностей. Красно дякую за цікаве відео.
Nie jestem polakiem, nie jestem Ukraincem, ale dosc dobrze znam jezyk polski a jezyk ukrainski. Oni naprawde sa bardzo podobni, ale jednoczesnie bardzo sie roznia. Dziekuje za ciekawe video.
I`m not Polish, I`m not Ukranian, but I can speak in both languages fluently. They are really very simmilar, but in the same time there are a lot of differenses between them. Thank you for an interesting video.
as polish person i can tell that you did good work with reading
Great video!
As for false friends, зараз is "now" in Ukrainian, but the Polish word for "now" is teraz, and zaraz means something like "in a moment"/"about to". Not the flashiest one of them, I admit, but it did manage to confuse me at least once :D
And for some reason I find it marginally funny that Polish chwila (minute, moment) and fala (wave) both became хвиля in Ukrainian (because colloquial Ukrainian doesn't like its f's I guess)
We don't like "Fs" indeed, or rather we didn't use to. This sound is not native to Ukrainian, so if you see an "f" in a word, you can guarantee it's a loan word. Some older people pronounce the "f" sound as "chw" (хв) to this day. I assume, our ancestors thought it was the closest sound.
@@artemkatelnytskyi That's really interesting!! In Finnish it's exactly the same. Sometimes that substitution became established as official: so coffee -> kahvi.
If you ever see the letter "f" in a Slavic word, 95% it's a loanword
@@johannesmajamaki2626 my grandpa says "kochwe" (кохве). Although the "correct" way is "kawa" (кава).
@@johannesmajamaki2626 also, I think in Japanese coffee is Kohi. Kinda interesting how some languages use /h/ to substitute /f/.
Also in Ukrainian we use /p/ to substitute /f/ in some older words, like the name Philip is Пилип (Pylyp).
3:01 as a Polish person from Warsaw I've never heard of the word kawon
3:14 in Polish there's "anielski" which means angelic
Melduję, że w Mielcu też nigdy nie słyszałem o żadnym kawonie.
He uses angielski just because its a false friend with the ukrainian. "anielski" means nothing in ukrainian so obviously he didnt mention it. The example its obviously not the best considering the huge amount of false friends there are between those languages.
"kawon" was a discovery for me and for my Polish friend as well. It is a dialectal word that can be used in Kraków.
pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/kawon
@@AuthLing The thing about dialects in Poland is they're not very prominent any more. There are a couple words and phrases that are different in various parts of Poland like what is "sznycel" and what is "kotlet", when you leave the house do you go "na pole" or "na dwór", is it "taczka" or "taczki". We've got like 5 different names for potatoes originating from all over the country and pencil sharpener has like 7-9 different names.
But you'll hardly find anyone going beyond that. It's mostly the old generations that even know the local dialects. It was a big surprise for me to hear about "zbuk" (a spoilt egg) from my mom randomly like 7 years ago.
@@AuthLing In Poland we could divide dialects in two ways: 1st is dividing into few large, general dialects that have some tendencies and specific, quite known vocabulary, 2nd is kinda small, regional dialects that are recognizable for about 3-6 villages. In this 2nd type of dialects old-fashioned or loanwords are used but they are unrecogizable for about 95-99% of Poles
I'm from the west of Ukraine, I know Polish quite well. Since I was watching polish cartoons in childhood :)
this is a really good channel, i'm looking forward to more content! good job!
A note on false friends thing: in some Polish dialects word "sklep" is used in the same meaning as in Ukrainian.
No właśnie, śląski ma czasem słowa, którą są bliższa do języku czeskiego.
Some polish dialects? Which? Today all polish dialectsq apart from silesian are extinct
@@krowkerspl7069 Nie prawda.
"Sklep" originally meant exactly "the basement" in Polish. Probably shops were mostly located in basements and this is how "basement" became the word for a shop. In other Slavic languages sklep kept its original meaning. Nothing unusual it happens all the time.
@@RichieLarpa Śląski ma archaizmy, które zniknęły ze standardowej polszczyzny. Sienkiewicz opierał się na dialektach śląskich konstruując stylizowany staropolski, którym posługiwali się jego bohaterowie.
One thing that is a difference I think is which words can be ommited in Polish and in Ukrainian. In Polish we ommit subject pronouns - it is actually a stylistical mistake to say "I" without a reason, because the form of the verb shows who you are speaking about. From what I managed to hear when I listen to Ukrainians speaking either Ukrainian or even Polish, I suppose that in Ukrainian you can ommit "be" verbs. So while in Polish you would say something sounding like "am ready" in Ukrainian it would be "I ready" (I guess, this is just based on my observations). While the meaning is clear for anyone, it may sound strange because in Polish ommiting verbs is often associated with low language skill (e.g. in cartoons or other fiction characters who can hardly speak would say things like "ja głodny" - "I hungry"). At the same time keeping the pronouns when context and grammar form make it clear who is spoken about, is clear indication of either foreigner or someone who speaks other languages a lot and copies the style (unless subject pronoun is said for emphasis or other stylistic purpose).
Most languages are pro-drop. It seems because Standard Average European (aka most well known European languages) are not pro-drop, many people assume their language is unique if they do drop pronouns, which is not the case.
Omitting copula ('to be' in this case) is a little bit less common, but still not that rare.
@@adapienkowska2605 the only non-European language I've ever tried to learn was Japanese and I failed, so I did not know that (I do not even remember how it works in Japanese... does the ending of the verb indicate the subject?). Interesting. I did not even know the term "pro-drop". Now that I've checked it, I see that most Slavic languages have this feature, including Ukrainian. Maybe the reason people do not drop pronouns is that they want to be clear in case they mistake conjugation?
It's not that they are omitted, it's that the verb "to be" no longer exists in East Slavic languages, and in the case of Russian the verb "to have" doesn't exist either
@@anonymousbloke1 So how do you say "I am from Ukraine" in Ukrainian if the verb "to be" no longer exists? I'm just curious to know;)
@@kacperm6555 "Я з України" (I from Ukraine), just that. The verb to be is just *presumed* in a way
The absence of the verb to be is a universal feature of East Slavic languages that distinguishes them from other Slavic languages
Italian-English bilingual here, been learning Ukrainian for the past year with no prior knowledge of Slavic language. Thanks for the video, very interesting and well produced. The funny thing is that, while I'm still a bit slow at reading and writing/typing in Ukrainian cyrillic, I find it a lot easier on the eye than any Slavic language that uses the Latin alphabet! That's one of the reasons I've never considered learning Polish even though I like the sound of it and have a number of great colleagues who translate from Polish. However it's exciting to think that once my Ukrainian is more fluent, I'll be able to go to Poland and get by 😊
Ukrainian is the language of the dwellers on the vast terrain of the steppe hence there's no consonant clusters.
@@achatcueilleur5746 This is honestly fascinating 😯 What's the connection between landscape and consonant clusters?
@@1midnightfish it's a troll, don't worry.
@@user-tr4ej8mw4s haha thanks... Damn I was hoping there would be something in it though, because there may well be a connection between proto languages and landscape. Though I was also thinking, Ukrainian has lots of consonant clusters, I know because I really struggle with them!
@@1midnightfish Consonant clusters and short vowels have a muffling effect on phonetics. People living on a vast terrain of a steppe and a prairie need a language ringing like a bell and flowing like a song to send a message across at a distance without necessity to come closer. Urban linguists group and compare languages by grammar and lexicon while completely ignoring phonetics. Canadians are taught British English in school but they don't sound British anyway because British phonetics is for tightly populated areas. Standard American is based on Midwestern phonetics but not on New England phonetics so it works everywhere across the US.
That explains very well why Americans, especially from Texas, speak Ukrainian like a native speakers with ease right from a start.
An American student amazingly fluent in Ukrainian
ua-cam.com/video/BtbvY_6qQTI/v-deo.html
A few things about the Ukrainian language -- Joshua Steele
ua-cam.com/video/Vatbw9eoALQ/v-deo.html
Prefixes for verbs of motion
ua-cam.com/video/OapnoPjKtNY/v-deo.html
I could not be happier right now, thank you for uploading :D
I am an Ukrainian speaker, never learned Polish but I can understand the most part if it is spoken slowly. I love Polish people and Polish language
i can understand polish by reading very easily. by hearing it can take a couple days to get used.languages is a gate to new world. i speak ukrainian (my mother tongue) hebrew, russian, english and a little spanish. i love polish. it is song to my ears.
6:45 you did not mention that in Ukrainian there is another form of the future, which is built with the addition of the suffix, without "bude"(will). 1)буде писати. 2) Писатиме. And we have Напише(will have written)
Loving this channel's content ❤️
Here in Ukraine we actually had (and still have) an idea of Ukrainian latin version of alphabet. It’s interesting how difficult it would be for poles to read and understand this verse from T.G. Shevchenko:
Jak umru, to pochowajte
Mene na mohyli,
Sered stepu szyrokoho,
Na Wkrajini myłij;
Szczob łany szyrokopoli
I Dnipro i kruczi
Buło wydno, buło czuty,
Jak rewe rewuczyj!
Jak ponese z Ukrajiny
U synieje more
Krow worożu, ottohdi ja
I łany i hory -
Wse pokynu i połynu
Do samoho Boha…
Pochowajte ta wstawajte
Kajdany porwite,
I wrażoju złoju krowju
Wolu okropite!
I mene w semji wełykij,
W semji wolnij, nowij,
Ne zabud’te pomjanuty
Nezłym tychym słowom!
Żaden problem. Od ręki przetlumaczę 90% tego tekstu, choć nigdy nie uczyłem się ukraińskiego. Zresztą im starszy tekst podasz, tym będzie łatwiej. A Szewczenko to XIX w., więc to jest dosyć proste.
English translation (that I found) for anyone interested:
When I die,
let me rest, let me lie
amidst Ukraine’s broad steppes.
Let me see
the endless fields and steep slopes
I hold so dear.
Let me hear
the Dnipro’s great roar.
And when the blood
of Ukraine’s foes flows
into the blue waters of the sea,
that’s when I’ll forget
the fields and hills
and leave it all
and pray to God.
Until then, I know no God.
So bury me, rise up,
and break your chains.
Water your freedom
with the blood of oppressors.
And then remember me
with gentle whispers
and kind words
in the great family
of the newly free.
@@radosawsikora559 agree. Let me than give you more contemporary variant:
Dozvolte podjakuvaty vam braty poljaky za vašu pidtrymku v cej tjažkyj dlja mojeї kraїny čas. Spodivajusja ščo spivpracja miž našymy kraїnamy bude stavaty dedali sylnišoju. Može vy ne zvykly ce čuty, ale my vas spravdi ljubymo)
@@AleSanDerS1
Dziękuję.
Ja lubię ten fragment wiersza Tarasa:
"Lachu, druhu nasz i bracie!
Tak to księża i magnaci
Poróżnili, podzielili,
Tych, co dotąd razem żyli.
Podaj rękę Kozakowi
I serce czyste jemu daj!
A znowu, w imię Chrystusowe,
Odnowimy nasz cichy raj."
Czech has a lot of fake friends too. For example, sklep means cellar, magazyn (magazín) means magazine.
But there are words that have the same meaning in Polish and Ukrainian but have different meaning in Czech. Promień (promiň) means sorry, rzecz (řeč) means speech or language and szukam (šukám) means... I'm fucking.
It's not that long ago that šukat meant running around and cleaning up. Learning about the former meaning in elementary school during the Czech class in the book Babička (Grandma) by Božena Němcová, where the grandma fucked quite a lot, made the class more interesting.
This word also helped create the Czech-Polish hit Szukam cię Miłoszu! by Nicky Tučková about the Czech finally-ex-president ❤
Polski wokalista Stan Borys, który w repertuarze ma (a raczej miał) dużo ambitnych piosenek, często z poetyckim tekstem, w latach 70-tych na tournee w Czechosłowacji wzbudzał powszechną wesołość widowni, tą piosenką : ua-cam.com/video/0MbvRgK0eEY/v-deo.html
Success in mastering a foreign language is mostly a question of motivation and mindset. Some Ukrainians speak fluent Polish after several weeks in Poland and some after many years can just "Trochu rozumieju". For Ukrainians Polish is not this kind of foreign language like German or Portuguese. Already with some adjustments in grammar and pronunciation, you can easily communicate.
It's a question of free time and necessity as well. We moved to Poland a year ago, but we work from home with English-speaking people and we have a little kid which eats most of our free time. But you are right, mostly it's a matter of motivation. Now we started to learn Polish to simplify our life a bit, plus we think it's rude to live in a country for a 1+ year and still ask locals "przepraszam, ale czy pan/pani mowe po angielsku?"
@@int03e Powodzenia!
@@int03e Good luck Andrey! And welcome to Poland 🙂 Hope you like it here!
@RafalTraveler we like it here, thanks!
As a native Polish speaker I can say that both understanding and avoiding false friends are *much* easier if you learned Russian in the past. Familiarity with it, even if mostly forgotten and not active (yeah, I'm old enough to have learned it as a mandatory subject in school), helps a lot, making it actually easier to understand than Czech. I guess that's because if a Ukrainian word is different than Polish, it's most likely similar to Russian. This is by no means a rule, but for common words it works often enough to make a significant difference.
It's the same effect with other languages, moving around a family becomes easier as you learn more members. Example - written Dutch (let's forget about spoken, as pronounciation makes things even more difficult) is impenetrable to an uneducated Pole. However, if you know both English and German... it's mostly readable. Knowing just one of the two may not be enough.
Ukrainian and russian have common words, but many ukrainians use russian words while speaking. Speaking Ukrainian with russian words that doesn't exist in Ukrainian language called "суржик" (surzhik). And after all, many ukrainians speak only russian or started teaching Ukrainian recently.
I can't say that everyone speak surzhik, but it relates to many ukrainians. Some ukrainians use less words from russian language some use more.
I would say Russian words are similar to Ukrainian ones, this should be understood in the same way as knowing that the Ukrainian language is autochthonous and formed much earlier than the artificial Russian language with its borrowings from the Old Ukrainian and Old Balgar languages, this is if we consider languages as a subject in its purest form. And also as a result of the assimilation policy under the Soviet Union, many Ukrainians use Russian words in Ukrainian speech, including in view of the targeted reforms of the Ukrainian language by the Soviet authorities in order to bring it closer to Russian.
@@YM-mw5om Russian language isn't artificial
@@F_A_F123 The Russian language is artificial and this is not my personal opinion. You can check it in the list of the base of artificial languages of the world.
@@YM-mw5om you're artificial. Your sentence doesn't even make sense, Russian is not an artificial language, only pseudoscientists or conspiracists say and think it is.
Last year when there was in my class a girl from Ukraine, one time on geography we had topic about agriculture in Poland and the teacher said something about cattle and this is in polish-bydło, but there is in russian world быдло, which means a group of people who behave in an uncultured, rude, vulgar manner. In polish we can say the same bydło for that group, but we also use this word for cattle(and I think that we use it more often). The girl understood what the teacher said, but later told us that it was kinda funny hear this word from teacher😂🐄
Быдло has the same roots as the Polish counterpart. It has been used first for cattle, later it was used contemptuously for people who unquestioningly did a hard/dirty work for others (comparison with cattle). And because those people were mostly uneducated, low rank, slaves or simply stupid people, the word slowly transitioned to be used for any kind of vulgar, rude, uncultured and uneducated people.
Thanx for the story btw. I laughed my ass off 😂
@@TheMurtukov We use "bydło", and also ironically enough the Russian borrowing "swołocz" :P
But I know that cattle is "skotyna" in Ukrainian, which is a weird word to our ears, reminds us of "kot" of course, but also of "kocić się", which is a term for giving birth that's used for cats and some livestock apparently. So after some thinking it makes some sense
this video format reminds me of Langfocus and I like it a lot
incredible video and love your channel, keep it up mate
As a Czech i tried learning Polish, but uh, i went to Oświecim (Auschwitz) and when i arrived in a random polish shop, i was really scared to say something like „dziękuję” 🤣 I said it and it sounded like Džienkujii ☠️
What does Džienkujii mean?
@@noistivmuestiliv3300 It basically is "dziękuję" (thank you) but written in the way it was spoken in that story (kinda like saying thunder as a 'fundrr')
@@noistivmuestiliv3300 I just pronounced it wrong
Have you learned to distinguish between cz and ć and between sz and ś? :P Was it hard?
Ah thanks for the explanations. I understood.
I am currently learning Polish because I study in Poland
I can say that with 6 months gone its not any easier, but you make good progress if you actually do try
Don't get discouraged. It took me well over a year of living in the US, before I got somewhat comfortable with making a conversation in English.
I thought that the process would be much faster and was blaming myself for being so slow after several months passed without me making any progress.
Making phone calls in those initial months was a nightmare for me. And I had to make a lot of phone calls to buy a used car, used furniture and many other things as internet in the present form did not exist back then.
Powodzenia i głowa do góry
Dasz sobie radę! 🙂 Kto jak nie Ty?
Jestem Polakiem i od niedawna uczę się ukraińskiego. Bardzo piękny język!
🌾🌻🇵🇱🤝🇺🇦🌻🌾
❤
nie , nie jest piekny , ! ! jest ohydny i za duzo go wokol nas !
@@marinapyzynska9480 Nie mogłem sobie nawet wyobrazić, że język ukraiński może kogoś tak głęboko zranić😂.
@@marinapyzynska9480co rosjan tu zapamiętał?
Super! Powodzenia!
7:43 - several years ago I read that "będę śpiewał" and "będę śpiewać" were 2 different tenses once, with "będę śpiewał" being an equivalent of English future perfect, but they merged in one tense. I'ts a very interesting issue how most slavic languages like Polish, Czech and Russians lost those additional tenses known from English and romance languages like the imperfect, future perfect etc. Usually only past perfect/plueperfect which is very rarely used (and usually incorrectly in Polish -_-) is mentioned.
And there is also"zaśpiewam" :)
@@alh6255 Właśnie chciałam to napisać. Pominięto "zaśpiewam"
That future perfect connotation is not completely lost, though - If you want to say "by that point I will have been singing for 2 hours" it is better expressed as "będę wtedy już od dwóch godzin śpiewał" instead of "będę wtedy już od dwóch godzin śpiewać". It is very much a minor nuance, and one I had not paid much attention to until I saw your comment.
@@san.absekt4617W języku polskim, w przeciwieństwie do chociażby języka angielskiego, aspekty dokonane i niedokonane rozróżniane są nie za pomocą formy gramatycznej, a różnych czasowników - w tym przypadku "śpiewam" i "zaśpiewam" to dwa różne czasowniki (ten drugi nie ma czasu teraźniejszego).
It is also worth mentioning, that past forms in slavic languages are also created similarly to perfect tenses in western european languages, but they underwent different evolution depending on a language. They were formed with the participle ending with -L and the auxilary verb "to be" conjugated in present tense (like in some german and italian verbs). But in eastern slavic languages the auxilary verb disappeared, in Czech it is still a separate word and in Polish it merged with the participle as a verb ending. Polish future tense like "będę śpiewał" is made in the same way, but auxilary is in the future, wile in the past "śpiewałem" contains -em as a remnant of the auxilary verb in present (today this auxilary in its full form is "jestem" - "i am").
im a native polish speaker and at my job ive run into many funny situations talking with some of the ukrainian workers there. many times the conversation goes something like this:
- i say a sentence
- they are a bit confused and say a ukrainian word that sounds similar to one i said
- i correct or try using a different word with similar meaning until we finally come to agreement
the sklep/magazyn false friends came up a lot due to nature of my job but i learned to correct it
You have a very good pronouncing of Ukrainian words. :)
Він українець, скоріш за все.
when I have learned Polish, my teacher asked about numbers and i forgot how to say 200, and i said "dwista" instead "dwieście". She had laugh so hard🤣 Also she told our class one story when one ukrainian (her student) with his polish friend walk across a bridge, he was convinced that polish words are the same as ukrainian word so all you need to do just stress on the last vowel and he have said "Zobacz jaki tuman" and he got a punch from stranger, then he said "Dlaczego pan jest taki agresywny? ja tylko powiedział: zobacz jaki tuman" and he got another one punch. Because the stranger thought that he talk this about him. Then his polish friend asked him if he knew the meaning of the word "tuman", thats how he found out that "tuman" means "stupid person" and a fog in polish will be "mgła". Then they have apologised each other and parted peacefully👍
Fun fact: dwieście is a relic from the second person. That’s why you have (jedno) sto, dwie ście, and then trzy sta (there hundreds). Also from 500 you use genitive case as with everything (pięć set).
I first heard about this "tuman" story like 5-6 years ago.
In polish poetry language there is a word tuman which means the same as mgła/fog.
@@user-tr4ej8mw4s me too
This is so fun. Thank you!! More, please.
As a native speaker of Ukrainian I have no difficulty to understand Polish.
as Polish native speaker i really want to say the same thing but you guys speaks so fast
Because your native "language" is linguistically just bad Polish with some Russian mixed in when it was artificially invented about few years ago.
@@rosomak8244 You're just stupid nazi. Ukrainian language was in 16 century in the grand duchy of Lithuania while rushian language was invited in 18 century (mix of ukrainian and church slavonic). And ukrainian language is most similar to the belarusian language and not to polish because ukrainian east slavic language and polish west slavic because ukrainian language comes from old east slavic language (language of Rus) and preserved many features of this language.
@@aven7gg213 more Ukrainians understand Polish than us Polish Ukrainian because they have exposure to the Polish language more than we have to Ukrainian, mainly media and also sometimes just living close to Poland.
Nie masz racji !!! Ludzie, którzy mieszkają (niestety) niedaleko Rosji, którzy nigdy w życiu nie widzieli Polaka, którzy nigdy nie słyszeli polskiego, też rozumieją język polski dość łatwo, wszystko zależy od percepcji!!!
Both of these languages have 70% of common lexicology. Polish was called Polish language (Polski język), while Ukrainian was called language of Rus (Руська мова) until XX century, because in the past Ukrainian country had another official name - "Rus" (Русь) since the start until 18th century.
I'm from Ukraine and i was in Poland once, but now there are quite high prices to rent a flat (because of the refugees i understand so) so i came back to Ukraine. It's the most beautiful country what i have ever seen and there are very intelligent and kind people 💟I hope i will come there again after finish the war.
I love the fact that Ukrainian can help you understand Western Slavic languages though it is Eastern Slavic language.
P. S. For me the easiest Slavic language to learn was Belarusian 😅
Yep, the Ukrainian vocabulary is quite close to West Slavic languages, while the Russian vocabulary is closer to Bulgarian than to Ukrainian because of a deeper influence of Old Church Slavonic.
What other Slavic languages do you speak or understand?
@@AuthLing I speak Russian and I understand Belarusian quite well - I suppose I would speak it if I have some practice with native speakers. I can understand Ukrainian, though (better when it's written than when it's spoken)
@Gaukhar Bokanova Where did you learn Belarusian if I may ask?
@@bruhbert218 I never studied it on purpose, but I read and watched news and some other stuff in it so I got to understand it easily and I suppose I'll be able to have a conversation in it. Sorry if I created any confusion mentioning that I "learned" it
As a Ukrainian, I can understand 20% of Polish when I listen to it, and 70% of the text if I read it twice or more.
to add to the "false friends" list, Ukrainian word for sofa is диван (dywan), while in Polish dywan means a rug
в белорусском дыван также ковер
Thanks to the Poles for their support! I'm from Ukraine, I've never studied Polish, but I can understand what's being said if peoples speak slowly.🇵🇱🇺🇦❤️🫶
@@user-el4zp1rg8m Why should I go to Israel? I live in Ukraine and at this moment I am also in Ukraine. I have never been a refugee from war in Poland. I don't need social benefits. Hello from Kyiv, where people can sit in the basement for 6 hours because of air alarms and where people are used to hearing explosions👋 Maybe you will come to us and see our life during the war? You must be scared? 🥺 Even small children live in Ukraine and they are already used to explosions, rocket fire and sleepless nights. It turns out that kids are braver than you. Oops😥😓
@@user-el4zp1rg8m Ukrainians fight because, unlike you, Poles, we love our country and are ready to fight for it. It's a pity that Russia did not attack Poland and capture Poland, then you would understand this pain. And the Zadian Union has not existed for 32 years, but I see that you have problems with history. Again, it's a pity that you were not in the USSR. 🤗🤗🤗
Couple of false friends:
розбиратися [rozbyratysia (pl script)] = to figure out
rozbierać się = to undress
чашка [czaszka] = a cup
czaszka = a skull
кімната [kimnata] = a room
komnata = a chamber
покої [pokoji] = chambers
pokój/pokoje = room/rooms
рухатися [ruhatysia] = to move
ruch_ć się = to f_ck
One of my favorite Polish-Ukrainian false friends is 'зараз' which in Ukrainian means NOW while in Polish 'zaraz' means IN A SECOND/IN A LITTLE BIT.
You can associate "чашка" with "czasza/czara" however, which is a fancy, older word for a goblet/cup/Bowl - czasza means something different in architecture though.
Nice points beside that!
дуже = very
duże = big
багато = a lot
bogato = richly
живіт = belly
żywot = life
Spółkować
rozebrać means also disassemble
Great video. Thanks for that. One correction: Ukrainian has one more form of expression of the future: I will sing = "я буду співати" (as you stated) and "я співатиму". The second one is very useful and uniq among other slavik languages as far as I know.
Дякую❤
I'm learning Ukrainian (not very actively, but bit by bit when I have the time and energy). It's a beautiful language, I have felt a lot of satisfaction being able to understand it when hearing it and use it myself (although in very primitive sentences) when I went to volunteer at the Front Line Kitchen in Lviv. The hardest thing for me is that there aren't simple case tables that I could memorise and use, at least I wasn't able to find them. Remembering the cases is tricky for me, because unfortunately I haven't put much effort into studying yet, but I improvised and got buy - even when I had to call a bus company to figure out where the bus stop was 😄 So, yeah, I think even learning a bit is great on DuoLingo or elsewhere if one isn't ready to fully commit to in-depth learning at the moment.
Okay, a few corrections:
1) damn, that West/East classification is so redundant. It's more of a political concept and a result of r*ssian colonisation and influence on Western sciences than anything linguistically correct.
2) Ukrainian pretty much does not have рь (soft r) unless they are loan words. In native Ukrainian words it can only be softened, but not truly soft.
3) Ukrainian is known not to devoice consonants at the end of the word (if anyone knows other languages that do that, tell me, because I do not). But in the middle of the words it occurs all the time.
4) Ukrainian has analytical and synthetic future forms. You mentioned only analytical. Synthetic used suffix -m- to denote it (писатиму, робитимеш, співатиме).
English doesn't devoice in the end of words :P And perhaps all major Romance languages :P
@@plrc4593 There are terminal devoicing prone dialects of English.
@@plrc4593 It's more complicated than that.
Word-finally, they tend to be either half-voiced or fully devoiced. Also, they aren't distinguished directly after voiceless fricatives.
Fricatives behave in similar way.
@romanscerbak5167
1) That distinction is definitely not political and not an "a result of Russian imperialism". It has a linguistic backing, proven and widely accepted by Slavicists (specialists in Slavic philology and history of Slavic languages) both Western and Russian.
I understand why you might think it to be so. But for a linguistic discussion, please, leave your political and/or ethnic enmity of Russia behind, as it leads only to misunderstandings and wrongful interpretations of the facts.
2) Standard Ukrainian might not, but certain dialects of it definitely do have it.
And even in Standard Ukrainian, there's no agreement over nature of palatalization of /rʲ/ [aсcording to О.Д. Пономарів (2001). "Сучасна українська мова"].
Also, a little piece of advice: don't use terms "soft" or "softened", as they are very subjective in meaning. Use scientific term "palatalized".
3) Only true fact I see in your comment so far.
Across the Slavic languages, it's a fairly rare feature (apart from Ukrainian, only Serbo-Croatian has terminal devoicing). Cross-linguistically it's also not very common (it occurs in some Romance languages(French (in standard and most dialects) and Romanian); in some Germanic languages (notably in Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic; English can be included too, but the final-obstruent devoicing in it is a topic for discussion in itself); in Hungarian).
4) It does, but the usage of these forms are varied across dialects.
Jak się to fajnie ogląda :D
Great video ! This was very interesting!
Thanks for watching!
Please make more videos talking about grammar in Polish! It’s so interesting! Dziękuję!
oh, that linguist's superpower of speaking any language without the accent thanks of the IPA. Hi from Ukraine🇺🇦, your Ukrainian is awesome!
Ukrainian has two ways of expressing the future tense, and both are commonly used. I can't believe you did not find this out, especially considering that you pointed out the existence of the almost-extinct pluperfect tense!
As a Polish person who had some interactions with Ukrainian refugees after the war started the two languages are completely different.
I met a boy from Ukraine who is incredibly good at Polish, since he moved here a few years before the war, he even won multiple language comptetitions (competing with Polish native speakers) Yet the first time you meet him, you can barely understand a word he's saying because of the accent.
False friend: "Dywan" In Polish its a carpet, in Ukrainian it's a sofa.
Polish landlords are often confused why Ukrainian want them to provide a carpet, even if they saw the flat, and it has a wooden floor ??? 😅
So Poland is that one weird here - sklep means underground in Czech and Slovak too
also nasal sounds like ą or ę are only found in Polish if im not wrong, not in any other slavic language.
Nope. Slovak has no such word as sklep. It's "pivnica" for underground in Slovak which literally means "beer storage room".
However in Polish we also have "sklepienie", which means "vault", but more in a sense of: vaulting, roof, canopy.
Sklep jeszcze niedawno oznaczał piwnicę również w języku polskim. Moja babcia tak mówiła.
@@jozefmasny8349 interesting, never thought about it where piwnica comes from and its so obvious. Piwnica Winnica.
I'm from Ukraine and your Ukrainian Pronounce is amazing. I dont even know where are you from
Thanks! I am from Ukraine.
@@AuthLing ok then your English is too good
Дякую!
Very interesting and well done!
Generally, the video is good. Still, it would be better also to mention these Polish-UkrInian grammar similarities an differences like:
1) The Polish and Ukrainian commonly and widely use the same forms of superlatives with prefixes nai- (най-) and similar suffixes ( szy -(щий).
Also, the comparatives have generally the same suffix "-szy", - ший like in " mnieiszy", менший. Also the languages commonly put the some word for "whether" ("czy", "чи") in the front of some questions).
2) The existence of the synthetic imperfective future tense in Ukrainian ("I will sing" - "співатиму") unlike Polish.
3) The Polish is more "prodroping" language concerning the subject of the sentence. In Ukrainian it is not rare in practice but not as often and almost permanent like in Polish ("Pisalem" vs "Я писав"). These verbs in "prodroping" sentence have often different forms to their Ukrainian counterparts. And maybe they have additional arkhaic root "im" or "yem".
4) In Polish reflexive particle "sie" is separate word is written before verb. But in the Standard Ukrainian there is just cognate morpheme of a reflexive verb ("Jak to SIE robi" instead "Як це робитьСЯ" ).
5) The copula "to be" in present time is necessary to use in Polish while in Ukrainian it is not always necessary.
6) The adjective may be much situated after noun in a Polish sentence than in a Ukrainian sentence.
Concerning the vocabulary:
If the "false friends of translator" are originated from the same root they are always part of these 30% of the lexical distance according to the Ukrainian professor Tyshchenko.
And if the word has two meanings one of which are overlapping (like Ukrainian богато in the meaning of "richely" or "plenty") and Polish "bogato") and the other is not (Ukr. "багато" in the meaning of "many" and Polish "wiele"), these different meanings of words are probably compared with each other and calculated as separate words.
On the contrary, these "false friends" which originated from different roots are not always "lexical distance". So, "angielski" is "lexical similarity" to Ukrainian "англійський" unlike багато (in the meaning of "many") and "bogato" (in the meaning of "richely") or "wiele".
Despite there are basically similar plusquamperfect, the Polish and Ukrainian words for "to be" are "non-cognates" (byc' - бути, byl - був)
It is because the Ukrainian word underwent the irregular sound changes under influence of the future form "буду". The irregular sound changes are forbidden for "genuine" cognates. So, the Ukrainian word is in 30 % of this Polish-Ukrainian lexical distance as well as it is in 38% of the Russia-Ukrainian lexical distance
The word "ангельский (anhelskyj)" isn't Ukrainian, it's Russian. Ukrainian word with the same meaning is "янгольський (yanholskyj)"
wrong
Обидва вірні - є і слово ангел і слово янгол
Суржик, можливо
Hi. Great video! But you didn’t mention that Ukrainian has 2 future tense forms that can be used mostly interchangeably. As in “I will write” - буду писати (budu pysaty) and писатиму (pysatymu). Also vocative is also considered a case form so there are 7 cases in Ukrainian.
Polish has vocative case too. It is just less used nowadays
The editing style was familiar to me, yet I do not accuse you, the style is pretty nice.
дякую за ваш розбір і роботу
I am Polish and spent 3 years learning Russian in junior high. I did not apply myself much, and while I can speak a little Russian and can also understand some. I found that I can understand Ukrainian better.
I cannot speak a word in Ukrainian, but I can understand it pretty well, while I can say some things in Russian but understand very little.
Sidenote: I can also understand Belurisan quite well. Same premise.
It's because you already know polish.
If someone will learn Russian first, they will see a lot of similar word in Ukrainian, but will never understand the correct meaning of them in Ukrainian.
For example there is a old guy on UA-cam, who first learned Russian, then Ukrainian. He did not understand why radio station "Echo Kyjiv" does not make sense in Ukrainian language and in Ukrainian culture.
I am Ukrainian, I have been to Poland many times, during the whole time I learned one phrase in Polish that can characterize all my dialogues with Poles "Wszystko rozumiem po polsku ale nic nie mogę powiedzieć" it can be translated as "I understand everything in Polish but I can't say anything". I think Poles can say the same about the Ukrainian language
I heard the sentence from an Ukrainian taxi driver today :)
Najważniejsze, że się rozumiemy ;)
As an immigrant in Poland who speaks Polish rather poorly, I found a lot of mutual intelligibility with Ukrainian speakers when talking to refugees at the outbreak of the war. Indeed, in many cases, I actually found it easier to understand Ukrainians than most Poles because the Ukrainians were coming into the interaction expecting some degree of friction, so they tended to be better at choosing simple lexis and structures that were easier for me as a non-native speaker than Poles who often speak to me as if I were more proficient than I really am. It really surprised me just how easily I could discuss simple topics with Ukrainian speakers.
Although my native Polish friends tell me they have some limited mutual intelligibility with Russian, too, with my weaker Polish, I was able to manage effectively zero with Russian-speaking Ukrainians. If they couldn't switch to Ukrainian, then I was better off hoping for the best with English. I've also had a harder time with mutual intelligibility with Czech than Ukrainian, which surprised me at first, but probably shouldn't have.
You should look into more recent phylogenetic models of language evolution. The "three branches" model of the Slavic languages is rather outdated, and Czech is not grouped with Polish in these newer analyses from what I've seen. There's a good paper by Gray, Atkinson, and Greenhill from 2011, for example, that you can easily get your hands on. Phylogeny is the best methodology for describing "relatedness", but mutual intelligibility is, of course, more complicated because of contact influences. Ukraine's deep history of contact with Polish, especially during the Commonwealth period, doubtless partly accounts for why the mutual intelligibility is better than one might expect looking strictly at relatedness.
from Polish native speaker perspective - I do not understand Russian almost at all. Unless I know context or sentence luckily includes sevral words that are similar, I would not be able to understand meaning of even simple setences. What is more, even if words are similar, prnounciation deviated so much that it requires some thinking to find links between words. Slovak is pretty simple for Poles to understand - I wonder why some analyses show Czech as more common with Polish but maybe they are based on more detailed data than just "native speaker feeling it is simpler to understand something".
@@jeanvonestling7408 Well, it really depends on what you mean by having "more [in] common." Linguists do phylogenetic analysis and group languages into clades in much the same way that biologists do for species. If you look at a phylogenetic tree, you'll see that languages (or species) are grouped based on how recently they diverged from the last common ancestor.
English actually makes for a really clear example of this by virtue of England being an island. Old English is a West-Germanic language that diverged from Old German roughly 1300 years ago when speakers of several dialects of Old German settled in England, thus isolating their population from the rest of the language community. Over time, isolation leads to divergence.
The last common ancestor between English and French, on the other hand, was probably more than 5000 years ago, perhaps much more. But if you just look at the three languages as they exist today from the perspective of a speaker of one or more of them, it's really not obvious that English is more closely related to German than to French in this sense, because English and French have such a more intimate history of contact influence that populates each language with numerous loanwords from the other and even carries over syncretic bits of grammar.
I don't know the historical evolution of the Slavic languages as deeply as I do English, but there's no doubt that similar effects are in play among Slavic languages. We can define "relatedness" purely phylogenetically, which is the most useful way to approach it for historical purposes as well as for studying the deep structures of languages, but that might belie convergence acquired through contact. Or we can define "relatedness" purely through mutual intelligibility, but this may have more to do with superficial similarity rather than deep shared roots.
@@jeanvonestling7408 "I wonder why some analyses show Czech as more common with Polish" - because Czech is the closest language to Polish right after Slovak? Duh!
@@LordDamianus I wonder why they show Czech before Slovak. Slovakian for me seems to be much easier to understand. Czech? Not really. I've been to Czechia several times and obviously I can understand something written if contex is clear (what can 'cesnkowa polevka" mean...) but I do not undestand spoken Czech.
@@SleinJinn that is what I thought and biological example się great. There are species of e.g. vegetables that are genetically the same specie but Look differently. And there are opposite examples. Czech is similar to old Polish. Or rather old Polish was probably strongly influenced by Czech but then evolved and Czech stayed the same. So maybe for a scholar they are more similar than for casual user.
Cheers 🍻
I was in North Slovakia from South Poland.
The language was very similar to my local dialects
I'm Czech, I can obviously understand Slovak, I lived in Czech Silesia for a time so I learned a lot of Polish vocabulary and I've been following news from Ukraine very closely....
So when I combine all that and figure out the patterns of each language, I can mostly understand simple Ukrainian and I can understand basic conversations in Polish. It is also important to mention that while Czech now isn't that similar to Polish and Ukrainian, when I read old fairitales to my kids, I can see many similarities in vocabulary and grammar.
There was Ukrainian family living at my home couple months ago. One of Ukrainians said that she had great time sleeping with my sister husband (it was just after Christmas dinner). It was really hilarious xD
the mistake came from word "spółkować" which in Polish means "having sex with someone", and in Ukrainian (or russian, they were speaking in surzhyk) it means spending time together, talking.
@@miraszemys8889 I couldn't find that word in Ukrainian :)) but according to Polish dictionary I am right about meaning of that word :D I am from Lublin, east of Poland and parents are from Podlasie
@Mira Szemys jak najbardziej występuje, ale jest praktycznie nieużywane, szczególnie przez młodsze pokolenia ;P
Spółkować is archaic for having sex in Polish. I've never encountered it in real life only in books.
@Mira Szemys Nie, nie jest to żaden regionalizm, a eufemizm, podobnie jak 'współżycie' czy 'stosunek'.
I wasn't expecting it to be controversial :D
Супер!!!
Мы должны учить языки друг друга!
The only difficulty I have in understanding Polish speakers is that they tend to speak very fast. But obviously that is down to me not knowing Polish beyond that 70% of common vocabulary. But nevertheless it is possible to have a simple conversation for Poles and Ukrainians.
Can't pass by without thanking Poles for all the support - Za wolność naszą i waszą 🇵🇱🇺🇦
I am Ukrainian and never actually learnt Polish. But I can easilly read in Polish very rare searching for something into dictionary. I also can see polish TV understanding about 70% of spoken language. If I come to Poland I start to speak Polish very quickly on simple topics. I think if I decide to speak Polish well I will need about 3-6 months depending on my location (into Poland or not).
As a native Russian speaker, hardest thing for me when studying Ukrainian was to get rid of "surzhyk" words.
Knowing Russian and knowing Ukrainian, even before mastering it completely, gives the learner an easy access to Belarusian.
I was in a similar situation learning Spanish after Italian: you can use a word that kind of sounds Spanish but is actually an Italian word adapted for Spanish phonology. But your comprehension is immediately high if you are lucky to know a related language, and this is a great advantage.
I personally find it easier to understand spoken Belarusian than written: spoken Belarusian feels like another native language to me, but reading requires more attention. Is it the same for you?
@@AuthLing Yes, spoken Belarusian drew my attention, and then I realized I understand written Belarusian too with a little more effort. It was Pahonia song. :)
@@AuthLing exactly.
Awesome video!
Ukrainian also have another future form of verbs, for instance: буду писати - писатиму, будеш писати - писатимеш, будуть писати - писатимуть. And so on. I personally like this form better as it easier and faster to say and write. Loved your work so much! It was incredibly interesting to watch, thank you!
As an American of Polish great grandparents my grandma taught me verbally and listening skills. When Google Translate, Duolingo, Netflix and UA-cam came about I steadily grasped the compounded consonants. After that things became easier.
I’m learning Ukrainian since it is verbally closer and sounding a bit more melodic like Polish.
1:17 Polish is closer to Slovak, not Czech. Polish and Czech are close to being mutually _incomprehensible_ 🙂
nah man i can understand a lot of czech from memes and videos
Czech and Polish are actually very similar. Just when a Czech and a Pole speak to each other, both must try to understand each other, not just one, then it's quite difficult. However, if both try, there is no problem in understanding each other.
Loving Langfocus' content i'm amazed by this video
Myślałem ze jak podawałeś przykład z ‚szukać’ to dodasz 3 język o którym wspominałeś w temacie podobieństw było by 😂 ciekawie mam na myśli - čeština.
In Ukrainian shop is also Kramnytsia, not only Magazyn
👍
I'm native Polish speaker and i have to say this is hard language. We have a lot of grammar rules and forms. I'm almost 16 now and I still do a lot of mistakes. If someone (who isn't native Polish speaker) is learnig Polish I wish you good luck.
Polish grammar tests are still sometimes are a cause of my nightmares. Never fully understand all rules. :) I am Polish in my 30's... 😅
Nice comparison, thanks. For Polish I can only remark on: PL has got 5 genders (3 for singular and 2 for plural), wąs is not pronounced with an N, but wątły indeed is.
Can you please do a video about other Slavic languages?
I would love it so much!
Sure thing!
Дякую за цікаве видиво! Мало розповів, ясно шо для тіх хто не знає ни тої, ни сьої мови.
Сподіваюсь нових цікавинок 😊