If it wasn’t for her, a lot of these interesting improvements in science would be missed by so many people. I’m really glad you made a video about the topic!
Let me just drop some ideas : revolve the cone so it makes a "wheel" and now we have radial propagating EM vortex. Cut the cone at an angle (similar to how an ellipse can be made in mathematics), link more pulses as they travel and we have them alternate polarities on left and right side and you could accelerate particles, maybe even plasma. Ionize some air and make it move trough a tunnel of EM vortices. Make an "highway" for satellites in a plasma medium in space, etc.
I call bullshit! A vortex requires a medium with viscosity (among other things). Maxwell was an etherist and his early work has equations describing a medium as the conveyor of EM fields (flux originally was described as the flow of the medium) . So does this mean that modern scientists now accept the existence of a medium? Hello? Ethereal mechanics also describes vorticies -- they are what give spiral galaxies their shape. Hello!!!
While developing the commercial application for electrification of industrial burner flames I built a toroidal burner apparatus using high voltage/low amperage DC input. Our test burner apparatus was built with Farraday cage protection to 5MM VDC and variable power supply output capabilities. It demonstrated, depending on polarity, heat rejection from the torroid, and enhanced performance with combustion chemistry variation between NOX and CO. Development was halted as the company focused elsewhere. On an application sharing aspects related to the fluid dynamics functionally shared with combustion yet independent from that business our team demonstrated electrostatic charge aggregation within a liquid fluid medium using a modified Van de Graaf generator for a power source. Our goal was aimed toward power distribution as well as storage and based on the early work done at MIT which my we had researched in works retained at the Hayden Historical Library. We had mathematical support from a team member in Boeing’s wind tunnel program but insufficient capital to advance development.
I suggest reading up on the MARUADER plasma railgun system, it propels a self-confining plasma torus to a substantial percentage of the speed of light. Initial tests were positive, then the whole thing went classified…
Three possibilities come to mind: 1) they figured out _something else_ interesting and want to hide that thing; 2) they figured out _a non-railgun_ version and want to keep that secret; 3) they think it's _just annoying enough_ that they don't want someone else using it. The one thing I'm certain of is that they didn't get the railgun part to be practical (my reason? railgun, therefore too much maintenance).
I thought peak german humor is when chicks talk tourists into laying under the glass table they're about to shit on and trick them into thinking it's somehow appealing.
I call bullshit! A vortex requires a medium with viscosity (among other things). Maxwell was an etherist and his early work has equations describing a medium as the conveyor of EM fields (flux originally was described as the flow of the medium) . So does this mean that modern scientists now accept the existence of a medium? Hello? Ethereal mechanics also describes vorticies -- they are what give spiral galaxies their shape. Hello!!!
One of the fastest I've ever clicked on a video... Making stable structures using just energy, is a way towards force fields, flying saucers, etc. May as well explain ball lightning. Finding new ways how Maxwell's equations slay is absolutely huge if true.
@@moladiver6817the structure of the vortexes described in the video do not rely on the presence of matter. They can be mediated entirely by the electric and magnetic fields.
@@portobellomushroom5764 It's still photons (the mediator of the electromagnetic force). Pure energy exists only in fiction. Energy is an property of matter/particles/space time?
I call bullshit! A vortex requires a medium with viscosity (among other things). Maxwell was an etherist and his early work has equations describing a medium as the conveyor of EM fields (flux originally was described as the flow of the medium) . So does this mean that modern scientists now accept the existence of a medium? Hello? Ethereal mechanics also describes vorticies -- they are what give spiral galaxies their shape. Hello!!!
@@etherealmechanics5686 You bring up an interesting point. If the device does work, though, it could be that the assumption that it requires a medium is false, or that there is a medium that it's interacting with. Bear in mind that heat and light are also on the electromagnetic range and that it might be interacting with that. So would the device work in a cold and dark environment? Or at least not work as well? Experimentation is warranted here I think.
If this thing beats the divergence characteristics of the Gaussian beam in real life, communication, radar sensing, microscopy and possibly other sectors will get a huge boost.
I really hope the donut doesn't grow as it travels. It'd be so cool if it could travel out to infinity without diffusing. It'd be very close to a soliton in that case.
@@Atommagi If you know that optical resolution is limited by diffraction limit and that doughnut has narrower divergence characteristics, maybe. I can imagine that in a few years someone will make a structure to generate doughnuts in optical frequencies too.
@@threeMetreJim During WW2, a Westinghouse engineer in Pittsburgh built a vortex cannon that knocked down a brick (unmortared?) wall. The Army Way (SNAFU) immediately shut him down & did nothing with it...
Thank you Sabine! Please continue to keep our minds up and running! Learning Physics (and Science generally) we create new ways in our brains to solve then the problems of everyday living!🌈🎵🎶🌻
I'm an old man who still has an intense curiosity about a wide range of topics. I thoroughly enjoy most of what you produce, and despite my BA in History, I am able to understand most of it. Even though I knew nothing of it before. Good job, Doc. You HAVE found your calling. Keep going, please.
Reading the paper I realized, they did not make the doughnut. They reconstructed how the doughnut would have looked like by checking the frequency dependent response from their "cannon". Presumably, they do not have the propert equipment to generate the extremly short pulse which have the required bandwith to create the doughnut.
Good catch. I speculate that it's possible to instead create a continuous chain of these wave-structures, rather than just a single one. Lenses and feed-horns and phase-locked harmonic sources (microwave square-waves etc.) To obtain a narrow pulse in space, just provide a phase-locked "comb" structure in frequency, like 1F + 2F + 3F +4F... And then combine the narrow pulses to build "structures" from radio waves.
Very interesting... Recently proposals have been made regarding using focussed electromagnetic energy carried by ionized particles as an alternative to lasers for sending scientific probes to Proxima Centauri in a manner similar to Breakthrough Starshot. The probes could be bigger and accelerate more easily than in Breakthrough Starshot, and the use of electromagnetic fields also potentially offers a way for the probes to independently slow down before reaching the destination star. However, the problem was figuring out a way to focus a beam up to a distance of about 100 AU. Could this Vortex Cannon idea offer a possible solution?
Interesting idea --- I don't know. It seems to me that this must be mathematically provable, what maximal focus you can achieve as a function of the size of the sender antenna or something like that. Alas, I don't know the answer, sorry.
Probably not bc the dynamical system appears to be more complicated than a simple "vortex" rather than a more complicated nested toroidal fractal. Such complications bring about deeper questions than experimental reproduction and strike closer to the heart of modern models than many would care to entertain.
I think it may be mathematically provable, just not currently calculatable with the necessary precision due to the EM nature of the universe. I think we don't have the current accuracy of our measurements of ALL electromagnetic sources within a range of efficacy to be able to prevent beam divergence of even 10^-20 steradians (sr). Light years are such a long distance to travel that, and these are just my opinions, EM craft neutrality is the only real way to approach overcoming a variable of near infinite uncertainty. I want to say inverse square is necessary to reduce EM effects to negligible levels, but since we're talking equatably inf distance, doesn't each plane effectively reduce to an infinite line of charge with 1/r effectiveness? Idk, maybe sigma approaches zero here, so perhaps it's not even the right way to look at it? TLDR: It's like saying you could calculate every pulsars angle of rotation and beam force for their jets and know what the Near Exact force is down a path and guarantee that there are no pulsars that you don't know about whose angles of rotation will incident upon that path and cause even the smallest fraction of a Newton/C upon it. Or some quasar billions of light years away. It just seems calculatably impossible. Idk if that makes more sense when I say it that way
I think they meant calculable as maximum theoretical resolution. Similar to how hot can the point of a magnifying glass get or how much blur will a telescope will have.
Vortexes have always fascinated me I made several vortex canons a while back - even added 'smoke' to a few to help visualize the rings - lots of fun, and managed to amaze some friends The rings we are familiar with occur in fields of particles (air, water) Sound waves in both cases A question I have always had is - what are the particles within which electromagnetic waves wave? A new question I have recently pondered is - what are the particles within which gravitational waves wave? Back in the old days scientists talked in terms of an aether (a physical field of particles), to explain electromagnetic waves Many experiments have shed doubt on this theory (and a number of proposed enhancements) for a number of reasons Recently, some scientists have wondered if the space-time continuum might be a field of physical particles, within which gravitational waves wave So much to learn ...
You are interested in experimentation and you clearly have a curious mind. But your Questions can be answered by reading a high-school physics textbook. If you don't want to put in the work, try chatGPT or some other LLM-chatbot. They're quite good at answering those fundamental questions, in 10 minutes you will have one hundred new ones.
could listen to you talk about paint drying and still enjoy it. You have brilliant insights and I always get excited when I stumble across one of your videos! Keep doing what you do.
4:40 Got u. So u need a compound out of ionizable gas. This compound is heated up in a special chamber before it is released and accelerated to form a vortex ring after it traverses the nuzzle. Its depending on what gas u use and how high the temperature is. But with enough research and dedication it could be used as a real plasma accelerator weapon. Sure with small range, but potentially with enough heat to burn through certian types of armor. Downsides are: It could be easy to deflect the plasma vortex ring with a heat resistant material like a compound out of ceramic. Its also possible to disperse the plasma with a magnetic field. So it would be usefull to neutralize the plasma after the accerlation phase. But maybe its not possible to form a neutral plasma vortex, idk.
I was shot with one of them 40 years ago. I was picking apples in Wisconsin, and while up in tree, I was just blown back off my ladder like a gust of wind just picked me up and threw me back. Fortunately I landed soft unhurt in tall weeds. After I recovered, 2 men and the orchard owner walked up to me and apologized saying they were testing "low level radar", they were carrying what looked like an oversized radar gun.
It seems much more likely to be used as an EW weapon than a physical weapon to destroy objects or un-alive people. The application of energy is just way too indirect, too inefficient, to be good at damaging a physical object. Any anti-materiel work an EM vortex cannon could do, a laser-plasma weapon could do better.
same thought, ball lightning could be vortexes of highly ionised gas with large internal charge differences within the toroidal vortex that could be causing the arcs to appear, these toroidal vortexes(vortices?) could be created due to the huge forces a bolt of lightning subjects to our atmosphere, since toroidal vortexes are remarkably stable it could explain why these ball lightnings seem to be self sustaining. But as the charge difference dissipates they become invisible because now its just a air vortex.
I just discovered your channel and you're hilarious while having a high density of information in your videos. If more people would teach science in such fun ways, more people would enjoy the subjects, coming from a fellow physicist.
Wing-tip votices are common wherever heavily loaded aircraft fly slowly through humid air. They frequently form at the tips of wings and extended flaps, where the high pressure under the airfoil curls around to meet the low pressure above. They are made visible by the condensation of water vapor in the low pressure at the center of the spinning air.
This was one of your best catches. I was unaware of the earlier theoretical work, and am glad you did a video on its actually having been demonstrated. Gives me something novel to work on...
@antonk.653 hm, actually I like that. I was rather short-sighted on not seeing the possibilities with this... but yeah, that could be interesting. I'm still early geometric optics so I haven't studied too much into skyrmion and topological space interactions, but I see now that there are lots of intesting things to see. I thought the implication was just to show you could, which could still be cool, but I was trying to see if there was extrapolation being implied.
@@Facetime_Curvature I believe that a slit is disturbing enough to destroy and negate the beneficial effects of a (topologically protected) vortex ring. As I've said, the amplitude (phase) information of the photons would be enough to predict the picture on the screen.
Long ago I had a summer job working in a physics lab of a researcher whose focus was vortices in supercooled liquid helium. He had a cat named "Little Eddy"
Vortex rings tend to be very stable even at long distances as was said in this video but does that hold true for electromagnetic vortex rings as well? Does it mean this vortex cannon antenna is extremely directional? That alone would be a huge thing with applications all over.
Excellent topic for upcoming research. I'd expect vortices to transport much slower, though, because they mostly rotate around them selfs. These smoke vortices can even be stationary.
Or you could just use the external conductor and make the tried-and-true horn antenna. Of course, it won’t be a TEM-looking mode. But horns work quite well. Perhaps the advantage here is that usable bandwidth of this style of antenna could be massive or “single antenna efficiently transmitting signals in many bands.”
Thanks Sabine, Vortex rings and solitons offer plausible explanations for many curious natural phenomena from the nature of atomic particles through to ball lightning. There are undoubtedy many new discoveries and practical applications awaiting in this field of research.
I'd be curious what the radiation pattern looks like. From the video alone, I'm not entirely sure how the underlying propagation changes. Does the wavefront still expand in the same way as regular antennas? Would these antennas be a lot more directive? Is there an advantage to using the same kind of antenna at both ends? Maybe I should track the paper down.
I call bullshit! A vortex requires a medium with viscosity (among other things). Maxwell was an etherist and his early work has equations describing a medium as the conveyor of EM fields (flux originally was described as the flow of the medium) . So does this mean that modern scientists now accept the existence of a medium? Hello? Ethereal mechanics also describes vorticies -- they are what give spiral galaxies their shape. Hello!!!
Well I'm not thinking of a weapon, but ball lightning is strong considered to be a circulating magnetic field, with particles disturbed by the electrical discharge are facilitating the flow of that charge. The turbulence likely being in the shape of a ring obscured by the brightness of the discharge, is most likely something like a smoke ring. Yes something like this can be used as a weapon, but it could increase the longevity of such a structure if it could be contained and controlled by a corresponding magnetic field that is manipulated in a similar way, like a vortex. I'm not very imaginative in topics I dont know much about, but I suppose it can be used for plasma physics.
Ball lightening is produced when the microwave oven ( it’s huge) which is used to make Lay’s baked potato chips is run sans potatoes. {begin joke} So the defense against the electromagnetic vortex cannon would be surrounding your self with potatoes. {end joke}
@@AspartameBoyAlso fascinating! Possible formation of a Hill's Spherical Vortex that is E&M Topology as a Bostick "Plasmoid"? Where did you read about such a MW (resonance?) chambered "Ball Lightning"? Do please respond.
@@LibrawLouI did not read anything about this. The inventor of the device, Richard Cesari, used to be my office-mate at AT&T / Lucent Technologies. He created the ball lightning when he ran it empty. We discussed this at length.
Is it possibly way to catch the actual Emissions of the Antenna with possibly a receiver, tie to centralize down into maybe an icosahedron type application to focus points for vibration and solid matter maybe some to look into it
Correction: the MIC will find a way to get DoD funding to make a weapon out of it. It will be stupendously expensive, rather ineffective, but require all nuclear ships to have much bigger reactors and generators.
I mean... did you expect the DOD to try to make a bubble-blower out of it? That's kind of what you want them to do... that's their job, make sure if there is weaponization opportunities that would have forces of domination and evil try to take over with it, then we either have it too or have ways to combat it.
I'm not a physicist, so this is why I'm asking @Sabine; could this be scaled up and if so, would the Electromagnetic Pulse be strong enough to impair current through an electrical device? If so, I have a really good application for this development. If not, then I would have to think some more. Either way, really interesting and love the spotlight you have shone on this research. Thank you 🙏
I love it when I find a solution in search of a problem. Over the last decade or two I won a few international competitions by proposing problems for which an unused solution was hanging about waiting for a use. I predict it will be used to drive solid manipulators or nanobots inside a human body without invasive surgery.
The nice thing here is, they apparently don't claim to solve a problem other than proving their theory. I'm entirely fine with it. Unless they claim to build flying vortex taxis next week.
About half of science is divided evenly between finding solutions looking for problems, and picking a problem and tossing all of our known solutions at it until something sticks.
It is interesting that you showed this EM smoke-ring vortex. Many years ago, we have worked on this topic as well and have published two papers in physical review journals: (1) “Creating and manipulating vortices in atomic wave functions with short electric field pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 203005 (2010), (2) “Origin, Evolution, and Imaging of Vortices in Atomic Processes.” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 143201 (2009). Hopefully, one of these days we can use the EM pulses and/or heavy ions to created these vortices from an atom (or molecules), and use them as "low-error" medium of signal communication in many quantum sensors.
In the toroidal vortices described here, do the rings oscillate in intensity at 5GHz, or do they have constant intensity as a single wave sliced from a 5GHz train as they travel? IOW, what is it that characterizes them as being "in the 5GHz range"?
@@BillMitchell-lm8dg At that time, we did not quantify the rings oscillation or frequency. It was a surprise to us that we could create these rings by bombarding atom with ion projectile or electric pulses.
Interesting question. I think since EM is polar and gravity (spacetime) is not, it might not be possible. Also, Sabine mentioned friction, which I assume would be permittivity/permeability in the case of EM. In GR the closest equivalent would be the cosmological constant. So it would likely collapse on itself very quickly unless it was on the order of cosmological scale. (Maybe the universe is a vortex?)
Gravity is just friction. The resistance of the mass to being accelerated by an outside force. Friction is the transference of energy from one frame to another.
@doubletribble-yt The Higgs mechanism is a type of superconductivity which occurs in the vacuum. It occurs when all of space is filled with a sea of particles which are charged, or, in field language, when a charged field has a nonzero vacuum expectation value. A nonzero vacuum contains an external force. You have electromagnetism interacting with matter. People need to make it clear what they mean by gravitational? The Equivalence Principle clearly states that gravity and Acceleration are equivalent. What it doesn't state is that Acceleration creates gravity. So, is the question about magnetic vortex rings or the ones created from a centrifugal/centripetal force.
Way cool! First thought: Molecular containment and measured transportation, Molecular lattice construction molding, I-beam positioning in construction, Mag-lev vehicles, Space-shot motivation, Anti-drone device.
Reminds me of Feynman researching spinning plates or broken spaghetti - an investigation into a fun physics phenomena that teaches us something so new we can't imagine where it will end up - except of course, as Ms. Hossenfelder so rightly points out, someone will try to weaponize it 😀
My first thought was that you could put plasma inside the ring and then fire it out like a cannon. it might be useful for fusion energy or for a weapon.
This is promising. Finally, approaches that address geometric and topological phenomena. I think that orientation in terms of relational changes and sufficient and necessary correlations is more sensible than continuing in mechanical - causal relationships where solid objects bump and fly along a determined path.
A video just about the exact structure of an electromagnetic vortex ring would be interesting. Is it a bunch of photon spinning in a vortex? How much does the energy of the ring decrease with distance? etc.
I am wondering if it has applications in MRI, possibly higher resolution or maybe less interference? It seems like it may also have applications in controlling and directing plasma?
@@jonclarke8397 Yeah because in the lore it actually describes something similar to EM vortex. I always wondered why plasma was ring shaped in some games and bolt shaped in others. For example the plasma launched by skrin units in command and conquer tibirium wars 3 games is ring shaped but in halo it is bolt shaped.
Hi Sabine Hossenfelder, Nice video about hydrodynamic toroid donuts (into water or into air). The funny thing is observation of those toroïds into water or fumes into the air. The celerity and circulation of the flows is interesting; if you have two toroids into water; they attract; but once they touch; they will create an unstability; usually in bubbles underwater there is opening of the ring and tentative of fusion of the two into a larger ring bubble; but the bubble then expands to a rope, becomes unstable , oscillates and break down into tinier bubbles. The same hydrodynamic is observed into common bubbles; under water it tends to go up and take a muchroom head shape while the air is gliding from the upper heat to the side, then downside and vortex back to the center. Apparently dolphins do play with it and can make it on will from their events.; they can push them, roll them, twist them, cut them into tinier troroid bubbles. The toroïd anihilation is a bit what is observed (not in lab but in real life) with two water tornadoes on the sea; they are attracted; they look alike; but if they comme too close and touch; they are desintegrated in less time than to say it; because the the contact edge the flow is opposite and so they can never fusionate into a larger tornado; they fall like sudden local water fall into drops. So much wonders to observe and enjoy. Regards, PHZ (PHILOU Zrealone from the Science Madness forum)
The walls in a tokomak degrade despite powerful magnetic confinement. If the walls could be further away, they'd be safer, but the magnetic confinement would be weaker. Could something similar to a vortex cannon be used to continually blast the plasma from a safe distance?
1974/5 A level physics class, magnetic induction for homopolar motor (Nuffield film can experiment). I saw the connection between this and the stability of smoke rings and thought about stabilising plasma torus in Tokomaks. I was always laughed at or dismissed when I spoke of this. UKUK
Hi Sabine, Great report, as you explain this phenomenon, I think about my patented electro/RF conductive paint as the carrier/transmitter medium painted inside the conical shaped control surface. Anyway, you continue to stimulate thought and creative "outside of the box" thinking. Thanks again Sabine. Leo
Yes, actually the maths isn't super difficult, the paper is here: pubs.aip.org/aip/apr/article-abstract/11/3/031411/3306444/Observation-of-resilient-propagation-and-free Though, in case you don't have journal access, it's the same as the first three equations here: arxiv.org/abs/2405.05979
@@memegazer The applications of the antenna for communication and all the ideas I see thrown around in this comment section are only considering the case of vacuum, maybe air, which is still barely different from a vacuum. So I don't see a reason to take metals into account.
@@Adam-zt4cn well, you still would like that signal to reach hardware to read it out. If used as a weapon, to disrupt electronic signals, those are usually around metallic cables.
Just found this channel. Great information. Thank you for for this. Needed someone else to science nerd on. Great production and specific graphics with the data.
The possibilities for applications are almost overwhelming. EMVRs can be used in energy-efficient data storage, such as non-volatile memory devices and high-density storage, in spintronics, which would include spin-based transistors and quantum computing components. They could be see applications in magnetic logic circuits for low-power computing and enhancing computational speed, magnetic field sensors and nano-scale actuators. As you and some others have mentioned communication technologies and data transmission:/security could also see applications of EMVRs. They could be used in neuromorphic computing, which are brain-inspired compute systems. As far as unlocking new understanding in current fields, EMVRs could help us further understand topological phases of matter, such as in topological Insulators, and they could help in bridging gaps in topological quantum field theory. Magnetohydrodynamics and plasma physics, which would include solar flares and astrophysical jets, and even fusion research, could see benefit, as some here have also mentioned. Application to fields like superfluidity and quantum turbulence and quantum hydrodynamics could unlock new understandings of Bose-Einstein Condensates. Parallel application to chirality and symmetry breaking in fundamental particle interactions could help us understand biological systems where chirality is essential, like protein folding. High-temperature superconductivity and the mechanism of superconductivity is another area that could see advancements in understanding. EMVRs could also be used to study quantum gravity and field theories, which would include analog models for spacetime structures and emergent phenomena throughout the universe. The possibilities are effectively endless; they will do for science what past key-breakthroughs like lasers and Maxwell's and Einstein's equations did for science. We've observed the phenomenon in reality as discussed in the video, but creating EMVRs on-demand has only happened thus far in numerical simulations. Once we can reproduce those simulations, a whole new world of science will open up as it tends to do when breakthrough like this happen, and you'll undoubtedly be inundated with new and exciting research to share with all of us. It's an exciting time for all of us to be alive, despite everything else 👍🏻
Correct me if I'm wrong here. One doesn't necessarily need friction/viscosity to create vortices (examples: superfluid vortices, starting vortices, etc). Angular momentum conservation can give rise to vortices in an ideal fluid as well, as is the case for stating vortices.
That "noise free room" is also called "anechoic chamber" (can be for sound, but also for electromagnetic radiation - depending upon the material in the walls)
Aerodynamic vortex rings can be especially bad news for helicopters descending vertically. Essentially, they stall the rotors, leaving the machine with no lift.
@@Lyle-In-NO He is referring to Vortex Ring State (VRS). It’s a condition where the helicopter descends too fast down though it’s “dirty air” and it essentially creates a giant air vortex (toroid shaped w/ the helicopter at the center). Adding power “to escape” just drives the vortex harder, so you instead of adding power one has to pitch in some direction to get out of the vortex, otherwise the helicopter drops like a piano. It’s no joke.)
You won't be able to tell the difference between a rotating toroidal plasma, or spherical using your eyeballs as a measurement device. Imagine a nuclear process which generates excess electrons inside the donut. If the magnetic field is strong enough, the electrons might rotate inside the torus.
Thanks Sabine for bringing attention to this topic: there are a few polarizations of light but there are a whole family of topological light states. For some reason, different scientific teams have given the phenomenon a variety of names, including electromagnetic hopfions, vector vortex beams, spatiotemporal optical vortices, flying donut pulses, and majorana photons just to name a few. I think the different teams either don't know about each other or are trying to compete for credit regarding the discovery.
I recently read something about sound vortex, described as "a new type of sound wave: the airborne sound wave vibrates transversely and carries both spin and orbital angular momentum like light does", but I seem to remember something else I watched also recently, where we were shown a visualization of travelling sound (voice, music), and, to me, it also definitively looked like vortexes ! I'll come back with more if I can find it again.
Sacred geometry, Tornadoes, cavitation, Wardenclyffe Tower cross section, Cold Fusion, Free Energy, Vimana, UFO, Universe…yea…Maxwell’s Full Equations were NATUREs Equation.✌🏼🤙🏼😊 That’s why no one is talking about it, they aren’t supposed too….
Doughnuts are one of the many mysterious primary objects of the universe. The doughnut drive may be the technology that caries us into other stellar systems :)
If it wasn’t for her, a lot of these interesting improvements in science would be missed by so many people. I’m really glad you made a video about the topic!
Yes - we need people like Sabine
Let me just drop some ideas : revolve the cone so it makes a "wheel" and now we have radial propagating EM vortex. Cut the cone at an angle (similar to how an ellipse can be made in mathematics), link more pulses as they travel and we have them alternate polarities on left and right side and you could accelerate particles, maybe even plasma. Ionize some air and make it move trough a tunnel of EM vortices. Make an "highway" for satellites in a plasma medium in space, etc.
I just love the way the Dolphin was manipulating the bubble rings. Dolphins know stuff....
They know... too much.
They know nothing so they won't blow up the World, they are just playing around!?!
The dolphin is having fun
So long and thanks for all the fish
New technology is great makes it easier to destroy and kill everything. Humans are kinda anal that way.
2:00 the small Einstein figurine also blows rings. Neat detail.
Great pickup! 🙂
CUTE! just CUTE 🤣
Science isn't dead yet, Thank You Doctor
The LENR community is built on this footnote of physics.
As long as it can think up new ways to kill it will continue to be funded, probably by your tax dollars.
Amen!
I call bullshit! A vortex requires a medium with viscosity (among other things). Maxwell was an etherist and his early work has equations describing a medium as the conveyor of EM fields (flux originally was described as the flow of the medium) . So does this mean that modern scientists now accept the existence of a medium? Hello? Ethereal mechanics also describes vorticies -- they are what give spiral galaxies their shape. Hello!!!
90 years of Dark Matter enters the chat.
While developing the commercial application for electrification of industrial burner flames I built a toroidal burner apparatus using high voltage/low amperage DC input. Our test burner apparatus was built with Farraday cage protection to 5MM VDC and variable power supply output capabilities. It demonstrated, depending on polarity, heat rejection from the torroid, and enhanced performance with combustion chemistry variation between NOX and CO. Development was halted as the company focused elsewhere. On an application sharing aspects related to the fluid dynamics functionally shared with combustion yet independent from that business our team demonstrated electrostatic charge aggregation within a liquid fluid medium using a modified Van de Graaf generator for a power source. Our goal was aimed toward power distribution as well as storage and based on the early work done at MIT which my we had researched in works retained at the Hayden Historical Library. We had mathematical support from a team member in Boeing’s wind tunnel program but insufficient capital to advance development.
can you cite any articles about it?
Wow! Power distribution and storage?
This is dope! Which makes me conclude that you have great taste in research developments.
Dude so dope
I agree Magnetism is really interesting and these vortices (In water, air, or EMF) are also fascinating. I concur Sabine, good taste here!
Agreed 😊
I suggest reading up on the MARUADER plasma railgun system, it propels a self-confining plasma torus to a substantial percentage of the speed of light. Initial tests were positive, then the whole thing went classified…
Three possibilities come to mind:
1) they figured out _something else_ interesting and want to hide that thing;
2) they figured out _a non-railgun_ version and want to keep that secret;
3) they think it's _just annoying enough_ that they don't want someone else using it.
The one thing I'm certain of is that they didn't get the railgun part to be practical (my reason? railgun, therefore too much maintenance).
Combiantion of wonderful pictures and interesting physics💚Smoking Little Albert😂
Thanks so much. That was my videographer's idea!
@@SabineHossenfelder It was inspired - I was half-expecting you to begin coughing and wafting the rings away.😊
@@dalehill6127 then Smokey the Bear calling in on the phone
The little Einstein figurine on her desk blowing barely noticeable smoke rings is peak German humor.
😂
I thought peak german humor is when chicks talk tourists into laying under the glass table they're about to shit on and trick them into thinking it's somehow appealing.
If it is a way of transmitting donuts over long distances, I'm completely engaged.
🍩
Wireless donuts ®️©️
😎
I call bullshit! A vortex requires a medium with viscosity (among other things). Maxwell was an etherist and his early work has equations describing a medium as the conveyor of EM fields (flux originally was described as the flow of the medium) . So does this mean that modern scientists now accept the existence of a medium? Hello? Ethereal mechanics also describes vorticies -- they are what give spiral galaxies their shape. Hello!!!
That could have saved JD Vance some embarassment...
An American viewer... (huge) Pizza too?
Best science communicator on youtube!
You had me at "electromagnetic cannon." Though to be fair you would have had me at "pizza" either way.
ahauagag 😂
American pizza?
Plasma time
Trolling American caloric intake, menus, and measurement systems all in one sentence. Brilliant!😂
@@rickbloemhard1364 Have you seen Willy Wonka? Remember Augustus Gloop? Hey Germany, *I LEARNED IT BY WATCHING YOU!*
One of the fastest I've ever clicked on a video... Making stable structures using just energy, is a way towards force fields, flying saucers, etc. May as well explain ball lightning. Finding new ways how Maxwell's equations slay is absolutely huge if true.
What do you mean by "just energy"?
@@moladiver6817the structure of the vortexes described in the video do not rely on the presence of matter. They can be mediated entirely by the electric and magnetic fields.
@@portobellomushroom5764 It's still photons (the mediator of the electromagnetic force). Pure energy exists only in fiction. Energy is an property of matter/particles/space time?
@@lubricustheslippery5028 What do you think the E in E=mc^2 is if pure energy doesn't exist?
@@lubricustheslippery5028Photons are massless bosons, i.e. field excitations, not matter.
For half a century I have been fascinated by all things 'vortex'. They're powerful, playful, magical and seem to have a life of their own.
I call bullshit! A vortex requires a medium with viscosity (among other things). Maxwell was an etherist and his early work has equations describing a medium as the conveyor of EM fields (flux originally was described as the flow of the medium) . So does this mean that modern scientists now accept the existence of a medium? Hello? Ethereal mechanics also describes vorticies -- they are what give spiral galaxies their shape. Hello!!!
What do you think about atmospheric vortex engines?
Read Robert Sunegnis' book about the ether, looks like we all live in a superfluid ocean.
@@maciejnajlepszy do you have a link? I put his name in and only get catholic apologist!?!?
@@etherealmechanics5686 You bring up an interesting point. If the device does work, though, it could be that the assumption that it requires a medium is false, or that there is a medium that it's interacting with. Bear in mind that heat and light are also on the electromagnetic range and that it might be interacting with that. So would the device work in a cold and dark environment? Or at least not work as well?
Experimentation is warranted here I think.
Loved it, keep this kind of content coming!
If this thing beats the divergence characteristics of the Gaussian beam in real life, communication, radar sensing, microscopy and possibly other sectors will get a huge boost.
I really hope the donut doesn't grow as it travels. It'd be so cool if it could travel out to infinity without diffusing. It'd be very close to a soliton in that case.
The scary new low power consumption, but mega-long range em weapon from China.
What kind of a microscope could benefit from this? Can an optical for microbiology use it?
@@Atommagi If you know that optical resolution is limited by diffraction limit and that doughnut has narrower divergence characteristics, maybe. I can imagine that in a few years someone will make a structure to generate doughnuts in optical frequencies too.
@@threeMetreJim During WW2, a Westinghouse engineer in Pittsburgh built a vortex cannon that knocked down a brick (unmortared?) wall. The Army Way (SNAFU) immediately shut him down & did nothing with it...
Thanks!
A nice, coherent donutty presentation... seriously, this is so nice , thanks !!
Tasty !
Thank you Sabine!
Please continue to keep our minds up and running!
Learning Physics (and Science generally) we create new ways in our brains to solve then the problems of everyday living!🌈🎵🎶🌻
Anti-drone cannon?
Ah, now that's an interesting idea!
My thoughts exactly..
How quickly does the vortice propogate? Is it quick enough to effect a moving target at range?
@@charliedulinits electromagnetic, so very quick
Faraday cages to counter the hypothetical EM vortex cannon?
I'm an old man who still has an intense curiosity about a wide range of topics. I thoroughly enjoy most of what you produce, and despite my BA in History, I am able to understand most of it. Even though I knew nothing of it before. Good job, Doc. You HAVE found your calling. Keep going, please.
U always read my mind.. It is a boundary phenomenon. Field is directly proportionate to locality compression, orientation, & flow.
one field of knowledge reads all minds..💫
Reading the paper I realized, they did not make the doughnut. They reconstructed how the doughnut would have looked like by checking the frequency dependent response from their "cannon". Presumably, they do not have the propert equipment to generate the extremly short pulse which have the required bandwith to create the doughnut.
Good catch. I speculate that it's possible to instead create a continuous chain of these wave-structures, rather than just a single one. Lenses and feed-horns and phase-locked harmonic sources (microwave square-waves etc.) To obtain a narrow pulse in space, just provide a phase-locked "comb" structure in frequency, like 1F + 2F + 3F +4F... And then combine the narrow pulses to build "structures" from radio waves.
Very interesting... Recently proposals have been made regarding using focussed electromagnetic energy carried by ionized particles as an alternative to lasers for sending scientific probes to Proxima Centauri in a manner similar to Breakthrough Starshot. The probes could be bigger and accelerate more easily than in Breakthrough Starshot, and the use of electromagnetic fields also potentially offers a way for the probes to independently slow down before reaching the destination star. However, the problem was figuring out a way to focus a beam up to a distance of about 100 AU. Could this Vortex Cannon idea offer a possible solution?
Interesting idea --- I don't know. It seems to me that this must be mathematically provable, what maximal focus you can achieve as a function of the size of the sender antenna or something like that. Alas, I don't know the answer, sorry.
Probably not bc the dynamical system appears to be more complicated than a simple "vortex" rather than a more complicated nested toroidal fractal.
Such complications bring about deeper questions than experimental reproduction and strike closer to the heart of modern models than many would care to entertain.
@@memegazercease with the buzzword soup and open a textbook.
I think it may be mathematically provable, just not currently calculatable with the necessary precision due to the EM nature of the universe. I think we don't have the current accuracy of our measurements of ALL electromagnetic sources within a range of efficacy to be able to prevent beam divergence of even 10^-20 steradians (sr). Light years are such a long distance to travel that, and these are just my opinions, EM craft neutrality is the only real way to approach overcoming a variable of near infinite uncertainty.
I want to say inverse square is necessary to reduce EM effects to negligible levels, but since we're talking equatably inf distance, doesn't each plane effectively reduce to an infinite line of charge with 1/r effectiveness? Idk, maybe sigma approaches zero here, so perhaps it's not even the right way to look at it?
TLDR: It's like saying you could calculate every pulsars angle of rotation and beam force for their jets and know what the Near Exact force is down a path and guarantee that there are no pulsars that you don't know about whose angles of rotation will incident upon that path and cause even the smallest fraction of a Newton/C upon it. Or some quasar billions of light years away. It just seems calculatably impossible. Idk if that makes more sense when I say it that way
I think they meant calculable as maximum theoretical resolution. Similar to how hot can the point of a magnifying glass get or how much blur will a telescope will have.
Vortexes have always fascinated me
I made several vortex canons a while back - even added 'smoke' to a few to help visualize the rings - lots of fun, and managed to amaze some friends
The rings we are familiar with occur in fields of particles (air, water)
Sound waves in both cases
A question I have always had is - what are the particles within which electromagnetic waves wave?
A new question I have recently pondered is - what are the particles within which gravitational waves wave?
Back in the old days scientists talked in terms of an aether (a physical field of particles), to explain electromagnetic waves
Many experiments have shed doubt on this theory (and a number of proposed enhancements) for a number of reasons
Recently, some scientists have wondered if the space-time continuum might be a field of physical particles, within which gravitational waves wave
So much to learn ...
You are interested in experimentation and you clearly have a curious mind. But your Questions can be answered by reading a high-school physics textbook.
If you don't want to put in the work, try chatGPT or some other LLM-chatbot. They're quite good at answering those fundamental questions, in 10 minutes you will have one hundred new ones.
Vortex rings are ghosts trying to communicate with us. That's why they spell "OOOoooOoooO"
"Peter those are cheerios."
1st sign of madness talking to yeself m8😁@@alieninmybeverage
Hope soo 😊
could listen to you talk about paint drying and still enjoy it. You have brilliant insights and I always get excited when I stumble across one of your videos! Keep doing what you do.
Update: scientists use electromagnetic vortex beams to enlarge pizzas in europe
What I love about this channel is that we oscillate between interesting topics, super interesting ones, and mind blowing ones. Never disappointed ❤
💯
4:40 Got u. So u need a compound out of ionizable gas. This compound is heated up in a special chamber before it is released and accelerated to form a vortex ring after it traverses the nuzzle. Its depending on what gas u use and how high the temperature is. But with enough research and dedication it could be used as a real plasma accelerator weapon. Sure with small range, but potentially with enough heat to burn through certian types of armor. Downsides are: It could be easy to deflect the plasma vortex ring with a heat resistant material like a compound out of ceramic. Its also possible to disperse the plasma with a magnetic field. So it would be usefull to neutralize the plasma after the accerlation phase. But maybe its not possible to form a neutral plasma vortex, idk.
Phased plasma rifle in the 40 watt range.
@@LegoDork You need enormous amounts of energy anyway
I was shot with one of them 40 years ago. I was picking apples in Wisconsin, and while up in tree, I was just blown back off my ladder like a gust of wind just picked me up and threw me back. Fortunately I landed soft unhurt in tall weeds. After I recovered, 2 men and the orchard owner walked up to me and apologized saying they were testing "low level radar", they were carrying what looked like an oversized radar gun.
@@LegoDork I think the 500W Lasers available are enough for the moment.
It seems much more likely to be used as an EW weapon than a physical weapon to destroy objects or un-alive people. The application of energy is just way too indirect, too inefficient, to be good at damaging a physical object. Any anti-materiel work an EM vortex cannon could do, a laser-plasma weapon could do better.
Ýour programmes are facinating, and your presentation is awesome!
Love your humour too.❤
I LOVE the smoke rings from Albert! Nice touch! This is a really interesting idea - gonna have to thing about applicaitons.
Hihi, cute thing, isn´t it..
Sabine, just had wild thought. Could this be a way to manage plasma rings in tokamak reactors?
My thought as well. Send a few traveling around the plasma torus and they might improve containment.
I hope it occurs to someone who can make it happen or at least test the hypothesis
Ball lightning?
My thought!
same thought, ball lightning could be vortexes of highly ionised gas with large internal charge differences within the toroidal vortex that could be causing the arcs to appear, these toroidal vortexes(vortices?) could be created due to the huge forces a bolt of lightning subjects to our atmosphere, since toroidal vortexes are remarkably stable it could explain why these ball lightnings seem to be self sustaining. But as the charge difference dissipates they become invisible because now its just a air vortex.
@@vidhanp482ball lightening is produced by Lay’s potato chip baker when run sans potatoes. Known since the 80’s, unknown by most dweebs.
Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project, Bob Greener. Been making videos about this for a long time.
Every night into a tissue.
I just discovered your channel and you're hilarious while having a high density of information in your videos. If more people would teach science in such fun ways, more people would enjoy the subjects, coming from a fellow physicist.
She's unique and fabulous and wrote two absolutely brilliant books.
I love discoveries like this that reveal how interconnected everything is. love that clip of the long wing vortices too, never seen that one before.
Wing-tip votices are common wherever heavily loaded aircraft fly slowly through humid air.
They frequently form at the tips of wings and extended flaps, where the high pressure under
the airfoil curls around to meet the low pressure above. They are made visible by the condensation of water vapor in the low pressure at the center of the spinning air.
This was one of your best catches. I was unaware of the earlier theoretical work, and am glad you did a video on its actually having been demonstrated. Gives me something novel to work on...
Double-slit experiments with vortex rings.
...what would that show you? Not knocking it, because they do weird interference exps all the time... but what would you learn from that?
@@Facetime_Curvature Well, if you knew the phases along the vortex ring all the time, then you'd just have a variation of the slit experiment.
@antonk.653 hm, actually I like that. I was rather short-sighted on not seeing the possibilities with this... but yeah, that could be interesting. I'm still early geometric optics so I haven't studied too much into skyrmion and topological space interactions, but I see now that there are lots of intesting things to see.
I thought the implication was just to show you could, which could still be cool, but I was trying to see if there was extrapolation being implied.
@@Facetime_Curvature I believe that a slit is disturbing enough to destroy and negate the beneficial effects of a (topologically protected) vortex ring. As I've said, the amplitude (phase) information of the photons would be enough to predict the picture on the screen.
I can see a vortex weapon made now
Long ago I had a summer job working in a physics lab of a researcher whose focus was vortices in supercooled liquid helium. He had a cat named "Little Eddy"
Nicely explained. Thank you Sabine 😊
Vortex rings tend to be very stable even at long distances as was said in this video but does that hold true for electromagnetic vortex rings as well?
Does it mean this vortex cannon antenna is extremely directional? That alone would be a huge thing with applications all over.
Excellent topic for upcoming research. I'd expect vortices to transport much slower, though, because they mostly rotate around them selfs. These smoke vortices can even be stationary.
The math should be independent of the medium, so very likely they are stable. I think this could explain ball lightning too.
@@traumflug Unfortunately those kind of details are hidden behind a $40 pay wall to read the entire paper.
@@yeroca I found it on arxiv via "free space skyrmion arxiv."
Or you could just use the external conductor and make the tried-and-true horn antenna. Of course, it won’t be a TEM-looking mode. But horns work quite well. Perhaps the advantage here is that usable bandwidth of this style of antenna could be massive or “single antenna efficiently transmitting signals in many bands.”
This is fantastic news thank you! I imagine some some kind of energy storage and transportation too
Can we use it for nuclear fusion, as in containing plasma?
Fusion doughnuts? Love it :P
I thought of drone defender
@@paulpaulsen7777 Not this exact technology, but we already use something similar :)
Thanks Sabine,
Vortex rings and solitons offer plausible explanations for many curious natural phenomena from the nature of atomic particles through to ball lightning. There are undoubtedy many new discoveries and practical applications awaiting in this field of research.
As an RF engineer I found this topic really fascinating. Makes for interesting thought experiments for how to use them. Ion engines perhaps?
I'd be curious what the radiation pattern looks like. From the video alone, I'm not entirely sure how the underlying propagation changes. Does the wavefront still expand in the same way as regular antennas? Would these antennas be a lot more directive? Is there an advantage to using the same kind of antenna at both ends? Maybe I should track the paper down.
Carrington event gun?
I call bullshit! A vortex requires a medium with viscosity (among other things). Maxwell was an etherist and his early work has equations describing a medium as the conveyor of EM fields (flux originally was described as the flow of the medium) . So does this mean that modern scientists now accept the existence of a medium? Hello? Ethereal mechanics also describes vorticies -- they are what give spiral galaxies their shape. Hello!!!
@@etherealmechanics5686 you can't mix the physics community with the spiritual community. 😢
@@etherealmechanics5686Hello
I was utterly fascinated by this one! Thank you, Sabine!
Well I'm not thinking of a weapon, but ball lightning is strong considered to be a circulating magnetic field, with particles disturbed by the electrical discharge are facilitating the flow of that charge. The turbulence likely being in the shape of a ring obscured by the brightness of the discharge, is most likely something like a smoke ring.
Yes something like this can be used as a weapon, but it could increase the longevity of such a structure if it could be contained and controlled by a corresponding magnetic field that is manipulated in a similar way, like a vortex. I'm not very imaginative in topics I dont know much about, but I suppose it can be used for plasma physics.
Ball lightening is produced when the microwave oven ( it’s huge) which is used to make Lay’s baked potato chips is run sans potatoes.
{begin joke}
So the defense against the electromagnetic vortex cannon would be surrounding your self with potatoes. {end joke}
You could probably provide propulsion with the magnetic field or two in opposition who knows?
@@AspartameBoy Bonus: The RF absorption gives you french fries.
@@AspartameBoyAlso fascinating! Possible formation of a Hill's Spherical Vortex that is E&M Topology as a Bostick "Plasmoid"? Where did you read about such a MW (resonance?) chambered "Ball Lightning"? Do please respond.
@@LibrawLouI did not read anything about this. The inventor of the device, Richard Cesari, used to be my office-mate at AT&T / Lucent Technologies. He created the ball lightning when he ran it empty. We discussed this at length.
Is it possibly way to catch the actual Emissions of the Antenna with possibly a receiver, tie to centralize down into maybe an icosahedron type application to focus points for vibration and solid matter maybe some to look into it
I was thinking the same thing. The Department of Defense will figure out how to make a weapon out of it.
Correction: the MIC will find a way to get DoD funding to make a weapon out of it. It will be stupendously expensive, rather ineffective, but require all nuclear ships to have much bigger reactors and generators.
They have already done the research. It was part of Reagan's "Star Wars". Was it successful? Somebody knows.
look up project marauder.
A Vortex Cannon, Russia got 137 already, apparently!?!
I mean... did you expect the DOD to try to make a bubble-blower out of it?
That's kind of what you want them to do... that's their job, make sure if there is weaponization opportunities that would have forces of domination and evil try to take over with it, then we either have it too or have ways to combat it.
I'm not a physicist, so this is why I'm asking @Sabine; could this be scaled up and if so, would the Electromagnetic Pulse be strong enough to impair current through an electrical device?
If so, I have a really good application for this development.
If not, then I would have to think some more.
Either way, really interesting and love the spotlight you have shone on this research.
Thank you 🙏
We already have that weapon design. It is called BFG-9000.
We are all DOOMed
This is fascinating. The uses and principals are inspiring. In what other wave propagations are vortices possible?
Whirlpools, tornadoes, hurricanes, galaxies, solar systems..
3:11 This looks like the end of a retro 1950 ray gun. This paper makes that design surprisingly plausible.
VERY happy to see that a video from my old PhD thesis could be of use for one of your great videos, Sabine!
I love it when I find a solution in search of a problem. Over the last decade or two I won a few international competitions by proposing problems for which an unused solution was hanging about waiting for a use. I predict it will be used to drive solid manipulators or nanobots inside a human body without invasive surgery.
Albo do napędzania sztucznego serca? W sam raz dla różnych pomp dotychczas wymagających silniczka.
The nice thing here is, they apparently don't claim to solve a problem other than proving their theory. I'm entirely fine with it. Unless they claim to build flying vortex taxis next week.
About half of science is divided evenly between finding solutions looking for problems, and picking a problem and tossing all of our known solutions at it until something sticks.
It is interesting that you showed this EM smoke-ring vortex. Many years ago, we have worked on this topic as well and have published two papers in physical review journals: (1) “Creating and manipulating vortices in atomic wave functions with short electric field pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 203005 (2010), (2) “Origin, Evolution, and Imaging of Vortices in Atomic Processes.” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 143201 (2009).
Hopefully, one of these days we can use the EM pulses and/or heavy ions to created these vortices from an atom (or molecules), and use them as "low-error" medium of signal communication in many quantum sensors.
In the toroidal vortices described here, do the rings oscillate in intensity at 5GHz,
or do they have constant intensity as a single wave sliced from a 5GHz train as they travel? IOW, what is it that characterizes them as being "in the 5GHz range"?
@@BillMitchell-lm8dg At that time, we did not quantify the rings oscillation or frequency. It was a surprise to us that we could create these rings by bombarding atom with ion projectile or electric pulses.
Are gravitational vortex rings a valid solution to Einstein's Field Equations?
No, Maxwell's Electromagnetic equations.
Interesting question. I think since EM is polar and gravity (spacetime) is not, it might not be possible. Also, Sabine mentioned friction, which I assume would be permittivity/permeability in the case of EM. In GR the closest equivalent would be the cosmological constant. So it would likely collapse on itself very quickly unless it was on the order of cosmological scale. (Maybe the universe is a vortex?)
Gravity is just friction. The resistance of the mass to being accelerated by an outside force.
Friction is the transference of energy from one frame to another.
@@stewiesaidthat I think you are referring to the Higgs mechanism.
@doubletribble-yt The Higgs mechanism is a type of superconductivity which occurs in the vacuum. It occurs when all of space is filled with a sea of particles which are charged, or, in field language, when a charged field has a nonzero vacuum expectation value.
A nonzero vacuum contains an external force. You have electromagnetism interacting with matter.
People need to make it clear what they mean by gravitational? The Equivalence Principle clearly states that gravity and Acceleration are equivalent. What it doesn't state is that Acceleration creates gravity.
So, is the question about magnetic vortex rings or the ones created from a centrifugal/centripetal force.
Excellent stuff, your taste is spot on. Thank you!
Piękne. Dziękujemy za ciekawy wykład.❤
Way cool!
First thought: Molecular containment and measured transportation,
Molecular lattice construction molding,
I-beam positioning in construction,
Mag-lev vehicles,
Space-shot motivation,
Anti-drone device.
Reminds me of Feynman researching spinning plates or broken spaghetti - an investigation into a fun physics phenomena that teaches us something so new we can't imagine where it will end up - except of course, as Ms. Hossenfelder so rightly points out, someone will try to weaponize it 😀
Definitely interesting to me, too! I downloaded the paper as soon as I read the abstract.
My first thought was that you could put plasma inside the ring and then fire it out like a cannon. it might be useful for fusion energy or for a weapon.
Very interesting!
Keep up the interesting and unbiased work Sabine.
An explanation for ball lightning?
This is promising. Finally, approaches that address geometric and topological phenomena. I think that orientation in terms of relational changes and sufficient and necessary correlations is more sensible than continuing in mechanical - causal relationships where solid objects bump and fly along a determined path.
A video just about the exact structure of an electromagnetic vortex ring would be interesting. Is it a bunch of photon spinning in a vortex? How much does the energy of the ring decrease with distance? etc.
Yes, it wasn't clear in the video just what is spinning.
Looks beautiful, the idea that it can change information exchange & coding is intriguing ofc
I am wondering if it has applications in MRI, possibly higher resolution or maybe less interference? It seems like it may also have applications in controlling and directing plasma?
My first thought was the plasma rifles from the halo games 😂
@@jonclarke8397 Yeah because in the lore it actually describes something similar to EM vortex. I always wondered why plasma was ring shaped in some games and bolt shaped in others. For example the plasma launched by skrin units in command and conquer tibirium wars 3 games is ring shaped but in halo it is bolt shaped.
This might be your best talk yet. Thanks!
Very interesting. What is the propagation velocity of the vortex rings? I would assume "c" but hope it is something much, much slower.
The E and M waves would move as fast through a vacuum as all E/M waves - at light speed.
It's their orientation that is circular.
I have revised my answer. Please see my edited reply that says nothing is really "circulating", but merely pointing in circles.
Hi Sabine Hossenfelder,
Nice video about hydrodynamic toroid donuts (into water or into air).
The funny thing is observation of those toroïds into water or fumes into the air.
The celerity and circulation of the flows is interesting; if you have two toroids into water; they attract; but once they touch; they will create an unstability; usually in bubbles underwater there is opening of the ring and tentative of fusion of the two into a larger ring bubble; but the bubble then expands to a rope, becomes unstable , oscillates and break down into tinier bubbles.
The same hydrodynamic is observed into common bubbles; under water it tends to go up and take a muchroom head shape while the air is gliding from the upper heat to the side, then downside and vortex back to the center.
Apparently dolphins do play with it and can make it on will from their events.; they can push them, roll them, twist them, cut them into tinier troroid bubbles.
The toroïd anihilation is a bit what is observed (not in lab but in real life) with two water tornadoes on the sea; they are attracted; they look alike; but if they comme too close and touch; they are desintegrated in less time than to say it; because the the contact edge the flow is opposite and so they can never fusionate into a larger tornado; they fall like sudden local water fall into drops.
So much wonders to observe and enjoy.
Regards,
PHZ
(PHILOU Zrealone from the Science Madness forum)
The walls in a tokomak degrade despite powerful magnetic confinement. If the walls could be further away, they'd be safer, but the magnetic confinement would be weaker. Could something similar to a vortex cannon be used to continually blast the plasma from a safe distance?
1974/5 A level physics class, magnetic induction for homopolar motor (Nuffield film can experiment). I saw the connection between this and the stability of smoke rings and thought about stabilising plasma torus in Tokomaks. I was always laughed at or dismissed when I spoke of this. UKUK
See "compact toroids", "spheromak", "Field-Reversed Configuration".
Hi Sabine, Great report, as you explain this phenomenon, I think about my patented electro/RF conductive paint as the carrier/transmitter medium painted inside the conical shaped control surface. Anyway, you continue to stimulate thought and creative "outside of the box" thinking. Thanks again Sabine. Leo
Is there something known about the decay? And the propagation speed of the structure?
Yes, actually the maths isn't super difficult, the paper is here:
pubs.aip.org/aip/apr/article-abstract/11/3/031411/3306444/Observation-of-resilient-propagation-and-free
Though, in case you don't have journal access, it's the same as the first three equations here: arxiv.org/abs/2405.05979
Not really..it turns out as EM travels through different mediums, especially certain metals, the dynamics seem more complicated.
@@SabineHossenfelder Thank you for the equations Sabine!
@@memegazer The applications of the antenna for communication and all the ideas I see thrown around in this comment section are only considering the case of vacuum, maybe air, which is still barely different from a vacuum.
So I don't see a reason to take metals into account.
@@Adam-zt4cn well, you still would like that signal to reach hardware to read it out. If used as a weapon, to disrupt electronic signals, those are usually around metallic cables.
Just found this channel. Great information. Thank you for for this. Needed someone else to science nerd on. Great production and specific graphics with the data.
The possibilities for applications are almost overwhelming. EMVRs can be used in energy-efficient data storage, such as non-volatile memory devices and high-density storage, in spintronics, which would include spin-based transistors and quantum computing components. They could be see applications in magnetic logic circuits for low-power computing and enhancing computational speed, magnetic field sensors and nano-scale actuators. As you and some others have mentioned communication technologies and data transmission:/security could also see applications of EMVRs. They could be used in neuromorphic computing, which are brain-inspired compute systems.
As far as unlocking new understanding in current fields, EMVRs could help us further understand topological phases of matter, such as in topological Insulators, and they could help in bridging gaps in topological quantum field theory. Magnetohydrodynamics and plasma physics, which would include solar flares and astrophysical jets, and even fusion research, could see benefit, as some here have also mentioned. Application to fields like superfluidity and quantum turbulence and quantum hydrodynamics could unlock new understandings of Bose-Einstein Condensates. Parallel application to chirality and symmetry breaking in fundamental particle interactions could help us understand biological systems where chirality is essential, like protein folding. High-temperature superconductivity and the mechanism of superconductivity is another area that could see advancements in understanding. EMVRs could also be used to study quantum gravity and field theories, which would include analog models for spacetime structures and emergent phenomena throughout the universe.
The possibilities are effectively endless; they will do for science what past key-breakthroughs like lasers and Maxwell's and Einstein's equations did for science. We've observed the phenomenon in reality as discussed in the video, but creating EMVRs on-demand has only happened thus far in numerical simulations. Once we can reproduce those simulations, a whole new world of science will open up as it tends to do when breakthrough like this happen, and you'll undoubtedly be inundated with new and exciting research to share with all of us. It's an exciting time for all of us to be alive, despite everything else 👍🏻
Correct me if I'm wrong here. One doesn't necessarily need friction/viscosity to create vortices (examples: superfluid vortices, starting vortices, etc). Angular momentum conservation can give rise to vortices in an ideal fluid as well, as is the case for stating vortices.
It's going to be a weapon first and foremost.
That "noise free room" is also called "anechoic chamber" (can be for sound, but also for electromagnetic radiation - depending upon the material in the walls)
Aerodynamic vortex rings can be especially bad news for helicopters descending vertically. Essentially, they stall the rotors, leaving the machine with no lift.
R u referring to the blade tip vortices?
@@Lyle-In-NO He is referring to Vortex Ring State (VRS). It’s a condition where the helicopter descends too fast down though it’s “dirty air” and it essentially creates a giant air vortex (toroid shaped w/ the helicopter at the center). Adding power “to escape” just drives the vortex harder, so you instead of adding power one has to pitch in some direction to get out of the vortex, otherwise the helicopter drops like a piano. It’s no joke.)
@@baomao7243awesome. Nvr heard of that before. Thanks!
Thank you, very interesting and great presentation Sabine
The upturned ends of aircraft wings, the “winglets”, were added to stop vortices occurring there.
I love everything with the word Vortex in it, wonderful!
Does this finally explain Ball Lightning?
Donuts don't look like balls
@@andreasvox8068 Maybe they do if they are bright enough to make you squint your eyes.
Curious. Why are people matching this to "Ball" lightning? Vortex and a sphere are a little different.
You won't be able to tell the difference between a rotating toroidal plasma, or spherical using your eyeballs as a measurement device. Imagine a nuclear process which generates excess electrons inside the donut. If the magnetic field is strong enough, the electrons might rotate inside the torus.
Finally, something intuitive and yet interesting enough. I'll use it for my next student project (at least, the theoretical/numerical part)
It's not you Sabine, it's the rest of the world that's wrong. I LOVE an electromagnetic Cannon!
Thanks Sabine for bringing attention to this topic: there are a few polarizations of light but there are a whole family of topological light states. For some reason, different scientific teams have given the phenomenon a variety of names, including electromagnetic hopfions, vector vortex beams, spatiotemporal optical vortices, flying donut pulses, and majorana photons just to name a few. I think the different teams either don't know about each other or are trying to compete for credit regarding the discovery.
Hmmm... only know once they start tinkering.
Nice to see old news being recapped and brought to life😊. Need more of this.
New way of coding and deciphering of any thing and everything. Its marvelous!!😊
Finally! A useful way to visualize String Theory!
😂
This is very very interesting. Thank you for making this video.
As an American, I must point out that our pizzas are bigger because our people are bigger. Well. That isn't really a good thing, is it?
I think it's more like we buy pizzas for the whole family and then save it for the rest of the week!
I'm 150lbs and I'll eat a whole pizza don't try me
I recently read something about sound vortex, described as "a new type of sound wave: the airborne sound wave vibrates transversely and carries both spin and orbital angular momentum like light does", but I seem to remember something else I watched also recently, where we were shown a visualization of travelling sound (voice, music), and, to me, it also definitively looked like vortexes ! I'll come back with more if I can find it again.
Could this be used to stabilize plasma in nuclear fusion experiments?
How would that work? Instead of making fusion reactors toroidal, make them cylinders and contain plasma inside a torus moving linearly?
Has been tried before tokamak shaped reactors have shown more success and promise in fusion reactors.
@@gregorygant4242 I meant if something like this or at the data ascertained from this could be used to further improve the tokamaks
Yes. See "compact toroids".
I agree with you, this is totally fascinating
Sacred geometry, Tornadoes, cavitation, Wardenclyffe Tower cross section, Cold Fusion, Free Energy, Vimana, UFO, Universe…yea…Maxwell’s Full Equations were NATUREs Equation.✌🏼🤙🏼😊
That’s why no one is talking about it, they aren’t supposed too….
Doughnuts are one of the many mysterious primary objects of the universe. The doughnut drive may be the technology that caries us into other stellar systems :)