Pharmacology of Histamine , Histamine receptors and Anti-histamine Drugs : Part 3
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- Опубліковано 4 жов 2024
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Histamine is a chemical mediator that plays a key role in various physiological processes in the body. It is involved in allergic reactions, regulation of gastric acid secretion, neurotransmission, and immune responses. Histamine exerts its effects by binding to specific receptors, known as histamine receptors, which are present on various cells and tissues throughout the body.
Histamine Receptors:
There are four main subtypes of histamine receptors, designated as H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors. Each receptor subtype is found in different locations and serves different functions:
H1 Receptors: These receptors are primarily located on smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and nerve endings. Activation of H1 receptors leads to smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, itching, and bronchoconstriction. Antagonists of H1 receptors are commonly used as anti-allergic drugs.
H2 Receptors: H2 receptors are predominantly found in the stomach, where their activation stimulates the secretion of gastric acid. Antagonists of H2 receptors, known as H2 blockers, are used to reduce gastric acid secretion and are commonly used in the treatment of gastric ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
H3 Receptors: These receptors are mainly located in the central nervous system, particularly in areas involved in neurotransmission. H3 receptors act as autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, regulating the release of various neurotransmitters, including histamine itself. Modulation of H3 receptors is being explored for the treatment of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and sleep disorders.
H4 Receptors: H4 receptors are primarily expressed on immune cells, such as mast cells, eosinophils, and T cells. Activation of H4 receptors contributes to immune responses, including chemotaxis and cytokine release. H4 receptor antagonists are being investigated for their potential role in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic disorders.
Anti-Histamine Drugs:
Antihistamines are medications that block the effects of histamine by binding to and inhibiting histamine receptors. They are widely used to relieve symptoms associated with allergic reactions, such as sneezing, itching, runny nose, and hives.
Antihistamines can be classified into two generations:
First-Generation Antihistamines: These drugs, such as diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine, readily cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to sedative effects. They are effective in alleviating allergic symptoms but are associated with drowsiness and other side effects.
Second-Generation Antihistamines: This group includes drugs such as cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine. Second-generation antihistamines are less likely to cause sedation because they have reduced penetration into the central nervous system. They provide long-lasting relief from allergy symptoms and are generally preferred over first-generation antihistamines.
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Very well explained Sir ,When posting 4th on drugs.??
Better than any online coaching in present time
Wow, thanks
Tysm sir for such simple & important explanation 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻❣️
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Der kha pera .. hadd de pe kare de mukamal de Tara wayali da Thanks from Peshawar Pakistan
Great explanation, thank you for your work.
Sir Plz upload another part of this lecture.
Nice
Sir please upload other videos of this chapter ; u make these topics easier to understand..
Best in the world 😍😍😍 one of the best professiors of pharmacology in the world🤩
Part 4 sir...ur explaining very well 👍
Great job sir thanks lot
Best pharmacology teacher god bless you ❤
Sir thanks a lot. All the concepts related histamines are very clearly u explained.expecting more vedios related pharmacology from your channel.
Hi.,....
Great work, clear and concise!
Amazing explanation mcq point of view.. Sir could u made video on Hypersensitivity reactions.
Yes, soon
@@doctorbhanuprakash tq sir.for ur response Dr. Bhanu sir 🙏
Thnku sir🥰, part 4🙃
Clearly explained
Please do about, antibiotics and endocrine drugs lectures
Thank you sir nice lecture
thank u sir :)
Rest?
Sir is there any video continuing after it???
Sir part 4?
Good 👍
Tell about serotonin topic sir
Sir pitolisant will also increased histamine but why it is not included in drug interaction ???
Nice lecture
Vidoes on antihistaminic drugs ??
Sir pls tell aboutantihistamines sir
What drug would work best for the wakefulness ? I take a benzodiazepine whenever it happens. Does it reduce the histamine levels ?
Sir aapka H2 receptor ka vidieo nahi mil raha hai.. 🙂 Please help
Sir osm video
I liked it very much
But sir plzzz aap koi easy classification btao na antihistamines drugs ki
Sir How can i got all videos , e material, q bank and notes. I searched on playstore for your app but i unable to found sir please guide........most of the lecture videos i have watched are best explaind..... ❣️
Www.medvizz.com
Hello ujjawal bhaidiya ...
Sir Hindi main lecture do plz,,,
🙏☺️
Hi sir can I join u r tuition and I need tuition for mbbs first year can I guide me please
Hindi bataiye India hai