Radiation and Radioactive Decay
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- Опубліковано 8 вер 2024
- Mr. Andersen explains why radiation occurs and describes the major types of radiation. He also shows how alpha, beta, and gamma radiation affect the nucleus of a radioactive atom. Nuclear equations are also discussed.
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Thank you mate. The essence of genius is the ability to simplify the complicated, and you have masterfully done this. Thank you!!!
Can geniousness be diluted? How is essence of genious made? And what is its solvents? All this and more on Bozeman Science.
@@Marius-vw9hp what?
???????
@@ragno7193 bruh nvm
My brain was struggling to grasp the concept of this and this really helped. Thanks.
9 years later and I think this is the best video on radioactive decay. Thanks.
Thanks Mr Andersen for making what was a mind-boggling problem into something completely understandable and basically easy. A student in Australia appreciates your work!
I am a surgeon, I had to study physics for an examination, I thought this is annoying, but after watching your videos I remembered the basic science of matter, energy and thereafter inspect the living body more thoughtfully. Thank you Mr Andersen. Greetings from Egypt.
Mr Anderson thank you for existing!
Your 10 times better than crashcourse
I totally agree with you
*you're
I like roblox
This guy's videos are brilliant. Makes understanding the fundamentals of physics easier than most others. He truly understands.
You sir, are absolutely awesome!!!!
What a great presentation you have designed to help the reader easily understand what is radioactive radiation/decay about and how to write nuclear reactions.
Thank you for explaining in straight-forward terms. I especially found the equations at the end showing how one element decaying in a certain way can "become" another element on paper. Thanks!
Thanks For sharing this for the students who don't have the opportunity to get to school and learn! Plz make more videos based on high school science and math, we don't really get good teacher like you everyttime to teach us at public school, no offense to the teachers
I would like to thank you for this video, as well as the one preceding it in the playlist, since the comments were turned off on that one. Keep up the good work.
i like the way you teach a lot, just chilled and calm. its nice coming to this when you have "intense" teachers so to speak
Really cool, Mr. Andersen! I am showing this tomorrow for my physical science students that need some intervention during our flex day. Really clear without being dumbed down. This is just what we need!!
Thank you so much! I have my P6 GCSE unit test tomorrow and I was really confused but you've made it so clear and helpful, thanks!
Thanks, Mr. Andersen
This literally helped me more than I thought it did. Thx
Very simple and easy to understand!
Thank you so much! It was well broken down and easy to understand, and I'm a student who never took chemistry.
you have a superpower...the superpower of "conveying"...hats off!!!
Sir you forgot the neutrino and anti-neutrino in the Beta + and the Beta - decay which will mess up with the conservation of energy.Thanks for the Helpful video :) .
Helpful for my test, thank you!
you are amazing sir, really really awesome explanation sir
Thank you. I am struggling im my physical science class and i can get extra credit for taking notes on a video about what we are learning in class and this should really help!
Nuclear particles are by no means compact rigid balls, as depicted in the animated film. In my opinion, nucleons are dynamic structures in the form of gratings or cylindrical cages, in which the density of the mass reaches 10 ^ 24 Kg / m ^ 3. In these structures there is a circulation of gigantic electric and magnetic fields, which do not allow the existence of spherical shapes. And compact granules would not allow the circulation of gigantic physical fields.
Awesome You explained all things in few minutes
Geez thank you so much. Why does no one else on the internet explain this stuff!
You exokained more in these 10 minutes then my science teacher did in a month. Thank you! Love this kind of stuff, but my teacher seriously dont know shit about radiation.
thx, I have read the scienc book on this, many times, did not realy understand it. this video on the otherhand.. I finaly got it :) thx again
How do we know the certain elements can undergo those decays? Did he pick random elements of the periodic table?
Thank you so much, i have a test tomorrow, this will freshen up my memory about isotops, thnx!!
I recently discovered your channel and it helps me a lot in my chem lessons! thank you :)
"electrons have no mass" on 5:35 pls correct that. They have no mass number, but mass of electron is approximately 9.1*10^-31kg, which I'm sure u already know.
The beginners in science might pick it up wrong
U could put a note or something. Ty
its considered as negligible
No, he means electron has no mass number, and he said that at the end of the video.
See 8:22
If a proton or neutron are 1, an electron has a mass of 0.00055.
@@SkepticalTeacher or 1/1840
Good video, things are pretty clear now, but I have some doubts from the video which I hope will be adhered to:
1. How does a neutron become a proton?
2. If alpha particles have such less penetrating power, then how did they pass through the GOLD foil having a thickness of 1000 atoms in Rutherford's alpha ray scattering experiment?
3. How can an electron have a positive charge to become a positron?
4. In sodium decay, how are we losing a PROTON and changing the aromic number, when essentially it is electrons or positrons are lost in beta+ decay? Is there a direct relationship between positrons and protons?
Thank you, a very clear explanation and good demonstrative examples.
This video is great to make people understand what is, in essence, radioactivity. I just have one concern, still: Even knowing this, I don't really understand the relation between this and the nuclear power plants, and nuclear reactors, and all the things that bring the word radioactive and scare some people (laymen) off, mostly because of the Hiroshima incident.
How does this apply to those things is what I don't really understand, and most other people too, I believe.
Very helpful, I hoped to have teacher like u.
Very great explanation. I love learning stuff like this.
THANK YOU !!!
Just perfect! Not too long or short, and not too simple or too complex :D
It's high frequency/high energy electromagnetic radiation (emr) - basically similar to light and radio waves.
Excellent explanation.
after uranium goes through alfa decay giving off helium ++ . what happens to the 2 electrons
sushant karki Could get absorbed by other molecules but don't hold me to that, radiation does damage to living tissues for a reason.
Thank you so much! I needed help to learn the basics about radiation and every website is hard to understand.
Awesome channel, seriously wish I'd found it sooner
Oh, thank you! I've read my textbook for the nth time, but the explanations were so shallow, so I turned up here instead. Hell yeah for the internet.
you just saved my chem. test tomorrow!!!!
A very good explanation.
thank you so much Mr Anderson , it was hard to me to understand radioactive decay Especially that i'm a doc.
Amazing sir,I am studying in 9th standard and interested in nuclear chemistry. That helps well!!!!!
Absolutely brilliant.
Thanks for such clear explanation
thanks for the lesson, i have to watch it several more times to understand it, i still cant wrap my head around the idea that electrons can change into protons.
science would be a lot easier if we could somehow have a frame of reference for these things, can't think about stuff that hard to picture
You are very good at teaching. Keep it up
@viptutorialscom Thanks.
Very good, thanks
nicely explained
You are absolutely incredible!! You explain it wonderfully, and are an excellent teacher!!! Thank you so much!! This really helped
1. Do positrons actually exist or are they just the same as the idea of positively charged "holes"? Do we know?
2. How do we know that Beta-minus decay is a neutron becoming a proton rather than an atom/ion that loses an electron?
1. positrons do exist and are deflected in an exactly opposite way to electrons in an electric or magnetic field, so same mass but opposite charge. A positron and an electron are produced in a "pair production" emission but this is a very high energy reaction so positrons are rare in nature and they don't survive very long before meeting an electron and being annihilated. 2. beta particles are nuclear electrons, not atomic electrons. Losing an atomic electron just produces an charged ion, while emitting a nuclear electron changes the atomic number (protons) while conserving the mass, so it has to be a neutron changing into a proton.
I am gonna enroll in the school you teach, awesome teaching :D
That was extremely helpful sir, thank you. Although, now im intrigued by what type of decay/radiation i "shouldn't understand ". 6:39 ...lol🖒
It says that you *should understand :/
Yes dude you're the best another 100% on my test
nicely explained!!
Thankyou! didnt understand before but do now :)
great video
I might be very ignorant for asking this, but I really want to know:
How do we know how long, let say carbon-14 or 12 will last as long as they should? As I read, nitrogen in the atmosphere will decay and disappear in about 60,000, but how do we know that forsure? Did someone actually record it from 60,000 years ago? Just curious.
Now I'm no physicist(but I want to be), but I would assume that what they do is the measure three things. Those are: the amount of subatomic(protons, neutrons, electrons, etc.) particles in a particular radioisotope, the amount of subatomic particles necessary in that radioisotope for it to become a stable atom, and third they measure the rate of decay and do the math. So if an atom loses 5/60 extra neutrons in 5 days, then it would be estimated that it loses a neutron a day, so its first half life will be 30 days, and so 5/60 extra neutrons in 5,000 years, its half life would be 30,000 years. Hope this helps.
Just to clarify. We can't say when a single nucleous will decay. But since there are so many nucleous we can use statistics to describe and predict population behavior. So if you take a sample and measure its radioactive activity you'll find that the activity decreases exponentially. This means that after a certain time half of the nucleous in the sample will have decayed, this time will be constant and is refered to as halflife. 1 halflife = 1/2 of the starting amount, 2 halflifes = 1/4 and so on...
Now all you do is to calculate how many halflifes you need for the amount of nucleous to be sufficiently low to be concidered "gone".
However since this is a statistical method you will never reach 0, it is possible for that a nucleous survives til the end of times.
Same as Carbon dating, so you find how much there is of the product of the radiation, and how much we have left, then we can calculate how much has decayed and how much we started with. Then we can measure how much decays in a short amount of time and calculate accordingly.
This is great. Mr. Andersen, may I please put the link to this video on Blackboard for my students to watch?
Very helpful. Thank you!
Thanks this was VERY helpful
thank you it was really useful
Having a test on this in 5 min. Getting ready :p
same, 6 years later
thank you!
Excellent video! It's so much clearer to me :) Thank you
good job.
It's very helpful
nicely explained!!?
Thank you.
@DirtyBird760 No, it turns completely into a different element.
A couple questions:
When an atom undergoes alpha decay, and looses 2 protons, wouldn't the atom then have a surplus of two electrons in its shells? what happens to those electrons that would then unbalance the number of electrons and protons?
In your Cs example of Beta- decay: if it gains a proton,why would it loose an electron? wouldn't it need to gain an electron, not loose one, to have an equal number of protons and electrons? If it had 55 protons and 55 electrons before decay, after decay it would have 56 protons in the nucleus and 55 electrons in orbits, and emitted one electron as part of decay. How does the atom regain balance of electrons and protons?
Thanks.
+Stephen Evelyn
Well I'm not really very smart when it comes to nuclear physics.
But I believe that it just becomes a Thorium ion.
Or maybe undergo two beta decays?
In alpha decay, an atom loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons and a positively charged helium atom ( actually a helium nucleus, not an atom itself )with no electrons ( He2+ ) is lost. The 2 "extra" electrons in the original decayed atom are not being lost because of the process of alpha decay, but are being caught by another positively charged atom. In most of the cases, it will the newly formed helium neuclus! It is usually not written in the nuclear equation as this process does not really belong to alpha decay.
Your second question shows u doesn't really have the basic knowledge of nuclear physics ( no offense though ) . In beta minus decay, a neutron ( a neutron is made up of a proton, an electron and an antineutrino!!! ) is decayed into a proton, an electron and an antineutrino. The electrons being ejected is therefore not from the electron shells. As the electrons ejected is in an extremely high speed and carry large amount of energy, creating the beta radiation. Considering the fact that most atoms have an ionization energy of a few tens of electron volts, while the beta decay electrons can have up to few millions electron volts, the daughter atom has a very little to none chances of capturing a electrons compare to the alpha decay above.
But yes, the daughter atom will become positively charged and should eventually capture electrons and become neutral in state again over time.
There are so much more behind this such as wave functions and quantum mechanics which are very complicated and interesting.
Lemuel L Thank you so much for clarifying it
Thanks. It was helpful.
Thank you sooo much
My teacher didn't want to teach so the class has to watch this
Thank you for this video. It was very formative and easy to understand (and even entertaining). I have a question that maybe you or somebody else here can answer. Since Cesium-137 only decays beta+ and what it decays (an electron) can be stopped by something with the thickness of paper, does that mean it is relatively safe? I ask because I recall that the Fukishima reactor leaked a lot of Cesium-137 among other things.
thanks this helped me a LOT
Thank so much! That was a wonderful explanation. :)
Thank you veryyyyyyyy much! I understand it now.
This is very informative, thank you for being detailed!
Subscribed.
I love this video! Thank you so much!!
brilliant work
You are amazing! thank you for your help.
Top notch
At 9:05 he says the new proton was a result of a neutron transforming into a proton, yet the neutron number (137) stays the same, can someone please explain? Thanks.
137 is the mass number of the atom (ie mass of protons and neutrons combined).
A neutron transforming into a proton and releasing an electron will not affect the total mass since electrons have 0 mass.
pardon my confusion. are you saying the alpha an beta particles are breaking down into helium and an electron or are you saying that is what the particle is? thank you
thank you
Yes, that's me in my long Cadillac
Headin' down the road and I ain't comin' back
Ain't no red light gonna make me stop
When I find that big uranium rock
Thank you!
the nucleus also looses mass during the decay when the atom is balancing itself by the release of the proton/electron correct? This mass lost is the daughter element that is "created" what are those particles called that the nucleus releases to the daughter element?? Just curious if they have a special designation.
*mind blown* thank you
This guy is pretty good
THANK U SO MUCH