This was the most powerful earthquake in European history over the past 1000 years, just for the curious people out there. It had a magnitude of up to 9.
Superb documentary. One thing that was not clear is that downtown city center sits on a river... not the ocean. So the tsanami was funneled from the ocean to the city. The river acted like a funnel with wide opening ocean side then narrows to the city. The river is very deep. When my family was there we witnessed a naval submarine working its way to the ocean. If you can add Lisbon to your vacation it is absolutely worth the effort. The tragedy is also credited with the beginning of the Enlightenment if I'm not mistaken.
A Tsunami hit my town on Vancouver Island, City of Port Alberni, March 24th 1964, We live in an inlet, or Canal, An earthquake out in the Ocean started the event.
The factors are elevation and distance from the ocean. Add the 2 together and that is the risk factor. Below 20 is very high risk. Run up is another factor. We know Japan had a run up of 6 miles in some areas and Lisbon sits at 7 ft above sea level. That equals disaster.
@@jodyross6185most likely. Currently, we are having. Swarm of earthquakes, affecting the upper part of The Island. Nor felt down here in the lower mainland. Is this a sign of another big one? No one knows. Be prepared.
I think it is the helplessness that makes earthquakes a little bit scary, even if you are in a modern, earthquake-resistant building. It's like finding yourself on a ride that you didn't sign up to get on and can't get off, plus you don't know when the ride will end. Once it's happening, the only thing you can do is to get under something and wait for it to go away. While an earthquake is happening, what does make me feel nervous is not knowing when it will stop or how big it will get before it does finally stop. Hell, after about 45 seconds of shaking, a part of me starts to wonder if it ever will stop but they always do.
I’ve visited Lisboa, it’s beautiful and extraordinary at the same time. Portugal is a beautiful country to visit and people are mostly friendly and generous.
I visited Lisbon a few weeks ago for the first time and to be far it’s become my favourite city. Friendly people, amazing food and so much to do and see there. I stayed for a week but only scratched the surface. Will definitely be back one day.
"It was in Spain and Portugal that the shock manifested its extreme violence. At Cadiz the inflowing wave was said to be sixty feet high. Mountains, "some of the largest in Portugal, were impetuously shaken, as it were, from their very foundations, and some of them opened at their summits, which were split and rent in a wonderful manner, huge masses of them being thrown down into the adjacent valleys. Flames are related to have issued from these mountains." Sir Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology, p. 495. At Lisbon "a sound of thunder was heard underground, and immediately afterwards a violent shock threw down the greater part of that city. In the course of about six minutes sixty thousand persons perished. The sea first retired, and laid the bar dry; it then rolled in, rising fifty feet or more above its ordinary level." "Among other extraordinary events related to have occurred at Lisbon during that catastrophe, was the subsidence of of a new quay, built entirely of marble, at an immense expense. A great concourse of people had collected there for safety, as a spot where they might be beyond the reach of falling ruins; but suddenly the quay sank down with all the people on it, and not one of the dead bodies ever floated to the surface." Sir Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology, p. 495. cited in The Great Controversy pp, 305, 306.
i don’t know why we were never taught about the incredible scientific accomplishments of this man and his group. so much more important than Pompeii, which has covered hundreds of times! thank you for this terrific video!! we need more history of this disaster!
So I understand from the documentary. Many of the building reforms were adopted by other countries. Its such a shame it took a catastrophe and much loss of life to learn such an important lesson. Bless you Lisbon to be the people to lead the way to better safety standards. ❤️
Because he was Portuguese. If he had been English or French he'd be as famous. But Portuguese history has many jewels to be re-discovered by foreigners, it's not all about pasteis de bats 😊
probably! He is famous here in Brazil, though. However, everytime I hear his name, I always remember the terrible fate of the Tavora family. He was also a very cruel man.
@@robertoaguiar8082 interesting that this documentary mentions the expulsion of the Jesuits without a word about the Tevora family. It’s certainly sympathetic toward him. He was, at the very least, a complex man.
I went to Lisbon last year and stayed there for a couple of days. Loving old buildings (stayed in a oider area of the town) I mentioned to a local how good it was to stay in such a historic part of the city. He said no it's not old it was rebuilt after the 1755 earthquake. Well coming from New Zealand where we have such a short history I just loved his comment. Den
Funny as it may sound even between fellow country men the discussion always brings the earthquake to justify everything . I'm from porto and even though I live in London close to two decades I'm very proud of the little narrow roads .the hilly old town ( I dare you to step up the staircase leading to the top of the bridge starting from the river. Good luck
I am 59 years and traveled a bit over this planet. Very aware of the dangerous plates out the coast of California. Everyone in the world probably knows how seismic it is there and now for the very first time, while l am traveling through Portugal l 'bump' into this video and hear for the very first time about the dangerous seismic situation out of the south west coast of Portugal. And the potential danger of these plates. Never ever heard of this before nor learned at school.... WHY?? If it is such a threat to all of Europe?? That, l find, very very strange!! But Lisbon is on our list to visit, and we will now see it different than before! Thank you for the great editting and history lesson on this horrendous event.
We get enough earthquakes in California that, while we will eventually get a huge earthquake, most structures will be fine or at least places where you can survive if you get under a table or something. The danger here is that we aren't as likely to take the beginning of an earthquake that seriously because they usually amount to a few seconds of shaking and that's it so people don't always bother getting under their desk for them. The buildings are pretty good here but stuff inside the buildings can definitely fall over and hit you so it's a good idea to get under something. In my four decades of life, only one thing has ever fallen at my house during an earthquake and that was my desk lamp in a 7.4 earthquake that shook for nearly 2 minutes. Even if you are somewhere that doesn't have a lot of building codes for earthquakes, if you get under a table, you will almost certainly be fine.
History doesn't teach natural disasters. You learn those concepts in geography. Then if you want you buy and read an invention called book, or opt for a documentary. If you live above a seismic zone, like i do, you should be reading a lot about it. Anyway, if you read about those events around the world, there's a key factor called luck. In the end it's all about luck. A family of Americans perished in Turkey, because of the Gaziantep earthquake. They were visiting relatives. Didn't live there, didn't own property there, just visiting and out of luck.
Just an FYI, all tsunami do NOT start by the ocean water retreating from the shore like it's said in the video, only half of them do. Tsunami spread out from its starting point in all directions like a circle, in one half of the circle the water will retreat from the shore but in the other half the water just starts rising. So if the ocean ever just starts rising for no reason don't ever think that just because the water didn't retreat from the shore that it's not a tsunami.
I don't know I'll have to look at the video again - but during that braking motion that occurs when the tsunami approaches the shore - won't the water between the Tsunami wave and the shore become less anyway?
Yeah and, if you're at the beach when you feel an earthquake, get to higher ground immediately just in case. Sure, not all earthquakes produce tsunamis but it's a hell of a lot easier to run away from a huge wave if you get a head start and, if there's no wave, all you've done was to get some exercise running to higher ground.
I was watching 2004 and 2011 earthquakes, and thinking a big one is going to occur soon. The next morning, i saw on the news that the earthquake happened in turkey and syria killed thousands...😞
The Lisbon earthquake, which was followed by a catastrophe in 1755 - in Morocco, too, the earthquake that not only led to the almost complete destruction of the city of Lisbon on the day of Saints' Day, but affected minds and consciences, shook religious faith, and destroyed the idea of heaven's mercy among many, and caused a wide debate among philosophers. The European Enlightenment and the Clergy
As a born and raised Portuguese nacional, this dark episode of our history is taught in schools ..... at least it was back in the 1970's...!!! This was a great documentary.
That was an outstanding book! I already knew about the earthquake when I read it because I took some college classes about earthquakes and didn't read Candide until after college. Oddly enough, the book was recommended by one of my biology teachers. It was well worth the read!
"'Most died in the collapse of churches.'" Clear signal from God about those evil institutions. 😄 Been to Lisbon, very much appreciated and enjoyed time in Portugal.
There are newspaper articles from that time recording people's account of this tragedy. I'm sure you can find them easily if you Google the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
I always get a bit surprised how little foreigners know about it.. We (the Portuguese) know about this. If you ever go to Lisbon, the convento do Carmo in the centre of Lisbon (chiado), with its gothic church was destroyed during the earthquake. If you are in the centre and you look up, it’s walls are still there standing, a ruin, never rebuilt. Left like that as a reminder of the devastation caused by the 1755 earthquake, one of the worst days in Portuguese history. It is now a museum. At the time it caused horror all over Europe, Voltaire even wrote poems about it.
@@cristinapita5913 thank you so much for tha extra history. I have had a whistle stop visit to Lisbon but not long enough to take in its history. I shall rectify this and make it a longer port of call. I knew it’s people were extremely nice and you have just confirmed that. Thank you very much indeed. ❤️
@@cristinapita5913 I learned about this earthquake in college because I took some classes about earthquakes. We have a lot of earthquakes here so I am quite experienced in actually going through them. If you get under something and wait for it to be over, you'll almost certainly be fine.
You have to appreciate the Portuguese…especially the Lisboetas for their uncanny ability to not only master the English language, but also speak with a nuanced understanding of vernacular phrasing! Spaniards, in my experience seldom achieve this.
i don’t know why we were never taught about the incredible scientific accomplishments of this man Pombal. so much more important than Pompeii, which has been covered hundreds of times! thank you for this terrific video!! so interesting!! He created a most beautiful and “safe” city! we really need to learn more about this horrendous disaster! thank you so very much for this video - so very informative and important ! 〰️🏛️🌊 🌬️🔥⚰️ 🧝🏼♂️🧑🏾🏫📜📖🏚️🌹🌱
For all the good he did (and he did a lot to advance Portugal at the time tbh), he also went a little crazy with The Távoras were he used extended torture for both accused and accusers (basically twisting reality and facts to his own personal benefit and ambitions) were even children were executed publicly and in very, VERY gruesome ways... he also basically did a Night of the Long Knives before the Nazis on The Jesuits religious order aka "Society of Jesus", basically taking everything away from them, while killing some in the process before giving order of expulsion from Portugal and all Portuguese Colonies (the reality is that he only did it because he had seen the ultimate opportunity to get total control over the entire country's Economy). I do think he did more good than bad overall, but many innocent lost their lives and suffered in ritualistic disgusting ways because of his personal agenda (for all of his rational persona he did had some very fucked-up and almost non-humane flexible boundaries). Still his contribution to move the country forward into a new, better and overall more enlightened future, is undeniable imo.
We (the Portuguese) know about it… convento do Carmo in the centre of Lisbon (chiado), with its gothic church was destroyed during the earthquake. If you are in the centre and you look up, it’s walls are still there, a ruin, never rebuilt. Left like that as a reminder of the devastation caused by 1755 earthquake, one of the worst days in Portuguese history. It is now a museum. At the time it caused horror all over Europe, Voltaire even wrote poems about it. I also get surprised how little foreigners know about it.. ** coming back here to edit. It is actually shaw at the end..
One of most stupid & ridiculous comments I've ever read on this social ! Making a comparison between p.m. marques de Pombal and Pompei ( which was one biggest volcanos eruption ever known) ...!! 😂😂😂 And in the name of education and history, let me make this question : why Sebastiao Jose de Carvalho in your cultured mind is much more important than an historical tragedy happened 2000 yrs ago ? You attended school in the USA for sure, typical...
The most scary thing about this earthquake and some shocks from the earthquake were felt throughout Europe as far as Finland and in North Africa, and according to some sources even in Greenland and the Caribbean
Portugal, Greece, Italy down to Turkey sat in very active geological sheet. The African plate, met with Eurasia and oceanic crust. Earthquakes and Volcanoes activity will not escape the area.
@@dbc3745 another time bomb is American Eastern sea board along San Francisco, San Bernardino, and especially California and L.A where it sat on every long faults called San Andreas faults. Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Kashmir, Bangladesh, East Africa Madascar have another geological activity that went silent for so many years which Somalia plate collide with oceanic plate near Madascar.
@@dbc3745 same here. Thats why I watched this one coz I saw it was uploaded 2 weeks before the Turkiye / Syria one that is still being cleared up one week later. Goosebump stuff.
@@carollakay2911 but Turkey is lying between 2 continental faults, the Arabian fault in the North and Africa Fault in the East both are pushing the slab side way from the Angle and that pressure make Turkey more vulnerable to slip and cause deadly earthquake, Syria is a victim of after shock if I am not wrong. Turkey should be prepared for scenarios like this by building their houses to the required standard to avoid future catastrophe like this.
Portugal need again Marquee Pombal to raise this beautiful country as it deserves to be. Strong ideas, honesty, determination , care and protecting the people and the love for his country.
How amazing you were able to read their diaries, hear the music they liked, examine their clothes so closely…your research is exceptional and this video truly does it justice. I worked for ten years in a costume-field museum so I know how difficult it can be but how delightful when you happen across something unique and personal, like that stain on the ball gown. Well done.
S Waves are not vertical, they are horizontal, just like the P Waves. P Waves move toward and away from the epicenter, alternately compressing and extending the ground. S Waves move side to side at 90 degrees to the line from the epicenter. The third wave train, known as Surface Waves, is the vertical movement. The surface waves resemble water waves, moving across the ground and raising and lowering it.
6:49 hello i wanted to warn something in this scene that is inaccurate. in the scene you can see bicycle chainsa or "bush roller chains" but they were only invented in 1880. this is something that should be fix so people wouldn't have misunderstanding in invention history.
Many cities went up in flames. Lisbon really was bad with one long coast the city was impossible to escape from. Japan's northern coast was hit hard and some places wiped out are rebuilding on full to raise the town above sea level.
Watching this today: September 10th 2023 just a few days ago in Morocco 🇲🇦 6.8 Earthquake has ravaged the country! So far over 2000 deaths and thousands injured. September 8th 2023 at 11:11pm.
Morocco on the northwest coast of Africa on the Atlantic is very close to Portugal. Just in the last month or so Morocco had another devastating earthquake which killed I think 2 to 3000 people. I had read that the same earthquake on that day which almost destroyed Lisbon did more damage and killed more people in Morocco in North Africa than anywhere else. But since this was the year 1755 it was barely known or reported on since Morocco was not a power and not in Europe.
The whole world trembled those November days of 1755 .Nearby in Spain the port city of Cadiz almost had a tsunami and in Seville another port city the earthquake was felt and five houses fell , in London trembled too and people were so afraid that the Court life stopped and churches were filled with people praying it was the first earthquake in London in 200 years since 1560 It was felt in New York and Havana Cuba and it was felt everywhere even Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro It was felt in all the world it must have been terrifying.May God have mercy on us and on the whole world.
Just before Jesus returns it will be 1 million times worse. Every island and mountain will be shaken.. The last plague to ever come on the earth is this - Revelation 16:17-21 - "And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and there came a great voice out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, It is done. And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great.... And every island fled away, and the mountains were not found. And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great".
Morocco in North Africa which was very close to Portugal was almost just as devastated by the 1755 earthquake but since it was North Africa it did not get any of the attention that Lisbon did. The death toll was just as high if not more with coastal cities destroyed, tsunamis, deaths and destruction but Morocco's earthquake and tsunami did not get the attention that Lisbon did.
The geological processes that result in earthquakes and volcanoes are important processes for the sustaining of life on this planet so our best bet is to build better buildings because earthquakes are completely fine if you're outside and not near the ocean.
philclennell: Humans will never have Controll ! That belongs to someone else ! As for Pompeii, Lisbon, SODOM AND GOMORRAH their downfall was for the same reason, as will be for the USA . Think about it !
tsunamis DON'T always give the described warning... that only happens if the low part of the wave approaches the coast first (pulled down by the ocean floor during the quake)... if the high part of the wave (pushed up by the ocean floor during the quake) approaches first then the coast gets hit without the "warning" of decreasing water... (with the 2004 tsunami Indonesia got surprised with the negative wave with warning, Sri Lanka got hit with the other side of the tsunami wave and didn't get the "warning"...)
"The shock" of the earthquake "was instantly followed by the fall of every church and convent, almost all the large public buildings, and more than one fourth of the houses. In about two hours after the shock, fires broke out in different quarters, and raged with such violence for the space of nearly three days, that the city was completely desolated. The earthquake happened on a holyday, when the churches and convents were full of people, very few of whom escaped." Encyclopedia Americana, art. "Lisbon", note (ed. 1831)
I am glad that you have mentioned the Azores-Gibraltar Transform Fault. It is my understanding is that it was traced to this fault near the Azores that is becoming a nascent subduction zone. Some researchers believe that this fault turning into a subduction zone is the very beginning of the Atlantic Basin beginning to close. And if this was a subduction zone quake, it certainly explains the violence of the quake and magnitude of the destruction.
Portugal was one of the most rich and advanced countries in Europe, yet ignorants still try to destroyed it. Who was manufacturing products that Portugal wasnt? Even Germans when they saw the Portuguese water extraction of the Portuguese ships, they said we also have water pumps, but the Portuguese are too much better and much more advanced!
Agreed, sir. I met an historian in Toronto years ago. He showed us countless documents and analysis which basically proved what you said. Both Portugal and her bigger sister Spain were at the forefront of many discoveries and manufacturing tech. Problem was corruption and bad political actions destroyed both empires.
If you get ads on your YT, run it through fast. Play the last few minutes, then hit repeat to watch ad free. Or get YT premium. To me, it’s worth the $.
A too long history, for the unknown, Portugal, as other countries,had to rebuild Lisbon, but today is one of most beatifull cities in the modern world.
Never knew about this Earthquake until this documentary popped up or about Pombal. I live in the U.S. and the only Portugese History we are taught is about the monarchy, exploration and colonization.
We had a 6.4 earthquake in Koyunbaba, Gumusluk, Bodrum a few years ago. It was totally terrifying, so strange that it took at least a minute for us to realise it was an earthquake. It was a. sound you felt, a deep rumbling that travelled through your body, I cannot explain it properly. It was so weird, and then I thought I was dizzy and could not stand still but realised it was the ground quivering beneath my feet. We ran into the garden and we were safe. No damage to our apartment. Kos was not so lucky. It does not end with the first earthquake, so many aftershocks, and they were more scary because we. knew what they were then. I have carried on living here because I think it is safe for at least a few decades, before the next major one. And I is beautiful
Qué interesante documental. Pombal era un genio, evidentemente. Lo guió la intuición o algún tipo de formacion para comprender las fuerzas de la naturaleza y reconstruir la ciudad?
I lived through two large earthquakes in California. The description of an earthquake's sound as like a large coach going by is dead on. Only I've described it as large, heavy trucks going by underground. It's terrifying.
Pombal was also a bitter, vindictive, social climber, a power-hungry, anticlericalist petty nobleman who sent the future Marquise of Alorna to jail at age 8. Her crime ? Her grandparents were implicated in a plot to assassinate the King. A plot that Pombal may have orchestrated himself to get rid of political opponents. No charge was ever proven, but the most vicious and cruel torture and executions were carried out anyway, thus showing Pombal's true colours.
So what do you think an autodefe was? A family day out? Oh hang on, it was exactly that - vicious, cruel entertainment for the whole family sanctioned by the Christian Church against people who chose to disagree with Holy Mother Church. And then you even dare to describe Pombal as bitter and vindictive.
I am living for the reenactments especially the guy at 0:20 in moving all over like he's in an Earthquake but has no emotion on his face the whole time just looking like "F*** this I got work to do, ain't nothing gonna stop me!"
I'd be interested to know what influence Pombal's example had on the other "enlightened despots" of the age, from Catherine & Frederick the Great to Napoleon.
So Which are the Polytechnic funding for ........the research ? Sri balaji polytechnic ? Which university ? Anna university ? Revenue for research Modelling Deemed university Sikkim Chennai Pondicherry Reseach and post graduation are entirely different Post graduates need not get into research as funds are forresearch ? Allowance for food and rent and transport is getting expensive which is why staff are compelled to post graduate Post graduates are not necessarily researchers How can reseach faculty dispute with faculty who are not categorised as researcher sir ? Lecturer ? Pay ? Assistant prof grade I Assistant prof grade II Prof ? The pay scale is provided by ??????? Let the researchers use thier laptops or mobiles to present thier findings... not necessarily from device ... I get nothing not even a job for up grading So sri balaji polytechnic is monitoring the wages everywhere!
I was going to watch this entire video but an ad within a minute and 30 seconds of each other?? I am having to skip more ads then I am getting information from the video itself. No thanks.
That's because they're focusing solely on the downtown area. The earthquake and tsunami spared several buildings across the city, but like everything else concerning Lisbon that originates from foreign sources, nothing besides the downtown area and maybe Belém is of importance. The rest of the city has never existed, apparently...
This is comparable to the Boxing Day Earthquake and Tsunami from 2004. Just as Lisbon's was on a holiday and inspired better earthquake and tsunami research, so too the 2004 event. There were no warning systems in that part of the world... but there are now.
terrific until the last 60 seconds when the ENTIRE video is covered with your obnoxious, unnecessary "Click Me!" personal ads - not talking about YT ads, but your own overlays of other videos you have - what a shame (and disservice)
Here are two geological things I wonder about. 1. If you look at a map of the west coast of Portugal, Lisbon's big harbor is almost unique - almost unique because there is a similar smooth bay just to the south of it. The rest of the coast is almost a straight line. When the earth has something unique or unusual, we wonder what made it. I wonder if there's a fault or other feature contributing to the existence of Lisbon's harbor. 2. It was a good idea to design better buildings, but another factor is what the buildings are built on. Bedrock is much safer than soft layers of sand, gravel or mud, particularly if they are saturated. Fill is the worst thing. 3. If you have to live in an area with earthquakes, live in a wood-frame house that sways with the shaking.
This was the most powerful earthquake in European history over the past 1000 years, just for the curious people out there. It had a magnitude of up to 9.
Wow
Incorrect. There was a more powerful earthquake in the 1400’s in modern day Greece. It had a magnitude of 10.
Can somebody please put lacrimosa over the earthquake and tsunami scenes?
@@macysondheim no?
@@yeeterrl5700 Don’t say No to me, you f#%^* parasite….
When starting any show on here just skip to the last few seconds of the videos and let it play. When it ends hit repeat and watch again with no ads.
I see no ad at all 🤔, i wonder why
Cool, thanks,!
I used to do that all the time. For some reason, all the ads come back now😢😢😢😢 its been like that for about a year now.
@@brettwilson3142 uBlock Origin will take care of that. Update the filters after install and Bob is your uncle.
Or get an adblocker..
Superb documentary. One thing that was not clear is that downtown city center sits on a river... not the ocean. So the tsanami was funneled from the ocean to the city. The river acted like a funnel with wide opening ocean side then narrows to the city. The river is very deep. When my family was there we witnessed a naval submarine working its way to the ocean. If you can add Lisbon to your vacation it is absolutely worth the effort. The tragedy is also credited with the beginning of the Enlightenment if I'm not mistaken.
A Tsunami hit my town on Vancouver Island, City of Port Alberni, March 24th 1964, We live in an inlet, or Canal, An earthquake out in the Ocean started the event.
The factors are elevation and distance from the ocean. Add the 2 together and that is the risk factor. Below 20 is very high risk. Run up is another factor. We know Japan had a run up of 6 miles in some areas and Lisbon sits at 7 ft above sea level. That equals disaster.
@@jodyross6185most likely. Currently, we are having. Swarm of earthquakes, affecting the upper part of The Island. Nor felt down here in the lower mainland. Is this a sign of another big one? No one knows. Be prepared.
Portuguese were inveterate malicious and destructive slave traders, 1755 was Gods way of saying " you did wrong""
Oh yes it is linked to the enlightenment. I learned about it from Voltaire first
It is my city, where I was born and where I live. To this day I am still terrified imagining the horror of what happened that day.
Hoje, de carro, os alfacinhas poderao correr mais rapido!
@@carlosacta8726 until they cause a traffic jam and clog up the roads.
What disaster techniques and tsunami flooding prevention plans have been developed at this time , for Lisbon?
Vivo na costa do Atlântico no Brasil e morro de medo também, mesmo sem histórico de tsunami aqui
@@carlosacta8726 proque os chama de alfacinhas?
There’s a great museum in Lisbon about this event called Quake. I can recommend this to any tourists like I was
What a terrible quake/tsunami and fascinating documentary. It truly captures the horror and helplessness of the event. Thank you.
I think it is the helplessness that makes earthquakes a little bit scary, even if you are in a modern, earthquake-resistant building. It's like finding yourself on a ride that you didn't sign up to get on and can't get off, plus you don't know when the ride will end. Once it's happening, the only thing you can do is to get under something and wait for it to go away. While an earthquake is happening, what does make me feel nervous is not knowing when it will stop or how big it will get before it does finally stop. Hell, after about 45 seconds of shaking, a part of me starts to wonder if it ever will stop but they always do.
27:13 oh. *OH.*
I was born and raised in Lisbon. loved this documentary very educational. I always knew about the earthquake
27:28
I’ve visited Lisboa, it’s beautiful and extraordinary at the same time.
Portugal is a beautiful country to visit and people are mostly friendly and generous.
Precisely why the insulting and bigotted voice over has been reported
I visited Lisbon a few weeks ago for the first time and to be far it’s become my favourite city. Friendly people, amazing food and so much to do and see there. I stayed for a week but only scratched the surface. Will definitely be back one day.
"It was in Spain and Portugal that the shock manifested its extreme violence. At Cadiz the inflowing wave was said to be sixty feet high. Mountains, "some of the largest in Portugal, were impetuously shaken, as it were, from their very foundations, and some of them opened at their summits, which were split and rent in a wonderful manner, huge masses of them being thrown down into the adjacent valleys. Flames are related to have issued from these mountains." Sir Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology, p. 495.
At Lisbon "a sound of thunder was heard underground, and immediately afterwards a violent shock threw down the greater part of that city. In the course of about six minutes sixty thousand persons perished. The sea first retired, and laid the bar dry; it then rolled in, rising fifty feet or more above its ordinary level." "Among other extraordinary events related to have occurred at Lisbon during that catastrophe, was the subsidence of of a new quay, built entirely of marble, at an immense expense. A great concourse of people had collected there for safety, as a spot where they might be beyond the reach of falling ruins; but suddenly the quay sank down with all the people on it, and not one of the dead bodies ever floated to the surface." Sir Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology, p. 495. cited in The Great Controversy pp, 305, 306.
For all of Pombal's issues, his scientific mind transformed the city and is one of the earliest attempts to minimizing Earthquake casualties.
i don’t know why we were never taught about the incredible scientific accomplishments of this man and his group. so much more important than Pompeii, which has covered hundreds of times! thank you for this terrific video!! we need more history of this disaster!
So I understand from the documentary. Many of the building reforms were adopted by other countries. Its such a shame it took a catastrophe and much loss of life to learn such an important lesson. Bless you Lisbon to be the people to lead the way to better safety standards. ❤️
Because he was Portuguese. If he had been English or French he'd be as famous. But Portuguese history has many jewels to be re-discovered by foreigners, it's not all about pasteis de bats 😊
probably! He is famous here in Brazil, though. However, everytime I hear his name, I always remember the terrible fate of the Tavora family. He was also a very cruel man.
@@robertoaguiar8082 interesting that this documentary mentions the expulsion of the Jesuits without a word about the Tevora family. It’s certainly sympathetic toward him. He was, at the very least, a complex man.
I went to Lisbon last year and stayed there for a couple of days. Loving old buildings (stayed in a oider area of the town) I mentioned to a local how good it was to stay in such a historic part of the city.
He said no it's not old it was rebuilt after the 1755 earthquake.
Well coming from New Zealand where we have such a short history I just loved his comment.
Den
The Alfama neighborhood was the most preserved in the earthquake, and is therefore today the most visited area of Lisbon by tourists.
Funny as it may sound even between fellow country men the discussion always brings the earthquake to justify everything . I'm from porto and even though I live in London close to two decades I'm very proud of the little narrow roads .the hilly old town ( I dare you to step up the staircase leading to the top of the bridge starting from the river. Good luck
I am 59 years and traveled a bit over this planet. Very aware of the dangerous plates out the coast of California. Everyone in the world probably knows how seismic it is there and now for the very first time, while l am traveling through Portugal l 'bump' into this video and hear for the very first time about the dangerous seismic situation out of the south west coast of Portugal. And the potential danger of these plates. Never ever heard of this before nor learned at school.... WHY??
If it is such a threat to all of Europe??
That, l find, very very strange!!
But Lisbon is on our list to visit, and we will now see it different than before!
Thank you for the great editting and history lesson on this horrendous event.
We get enough earthquakes in California that, while we will eventually get a huge earthquake, most structures will be fine or at least places where you can survive if you get under a table or something. The danger here is that we aren't as likely to take the beginning of an earthquake that seriously because they usually amount to a few seconds of shaking and that's it so people don't always bother getting under their desk for them. The buildings are pretty good here but stuff inside the buildings can definitely fall over and hit you so it's a good idea to get under something. In my four decades of life, only one thing has ever fallen at my house during an earthquake and that was my desk lamp in a 7.4 earthquake that shook for nearly 2 minutes. Even if you are somewhere that doesn't have a lot of building codes for earthquakes, if you get under a table, you will almost certainly be fine.
Check out Alaska, 1964. Very soon, every city in the world shall look even worse than that (Matthew 24:7, KJV).
History doesn't teach natural disasters. You learn those concepts in geography. Then if you want you buy and read an invention called book, or opt for a documentary. If you live above a seismic zone, like i do, you should be reading a lot about it. Anyway, if you read about those events around the world, there's a key factor called luck. In the end it's all about luck. A family of Americans perished in Turkey, because of the Gaziantep earthquake. They were visiting relatives. Didn't live there, didn't own property there, just visiting and out of luck.
@@davidlafleche1142 and look at Turkiye-Syria a day after you posted this comment
@@freespiritable so, so true. How unfortunate and sad was that😞
Just an FYI, all tsunami do NOT start by the ocean water retreating from the shore like it's said in the video, only half of them do. Tsunami spread out from its starting point in all directions like a circle, in one half of the circle the water will retreat from the shore but in the other half the water just starts rising. So if the ocean ever just starts rising for no reason don't ever think that just because the water didn't retreat from the shore that it's not a tsunami.
I depends on the phase in which the wave reaches the shore, then?
I don't know I'll have to look at the video again - but during that braking motion that occurs when the tsunami approaches the shore - won't the water between the Tsunami wave and the shore become less anyway?
Ok, you're absolutely right, sorry for the doubt. ♥️
There are writings from the day of the earthquake. So it's registered history
Yeah and, if you're at the beach when you feel an earthquake, get to higher ground immediately just in case. Sure, not all earthquakes produce tsunamis but it's a hell of a lot easier to run away from a huge wave if you get a head start and, if there's no wave, all you've done was to get some exercise running to higher ground.
I watch this a few days after the great Turkey/Syria quake of 2023, so it is particularly relevant and interesting.
Yes true
I was watching 2004 and 2011 earthquakes, and thinking a big one is going to occur soon. The next morning, i saw on the news that the earthquake happened in turkey and syria killed thousands...😞
The Lisbon earthquake, which was followed by a catastrophe in 1755 - in Morocco, too, the earthquake that not only led to the almost complete destruction of the city of Lisbon on the day of Saints' Day, but affected minds and consciences, shook religious faith, and destroyed the idea of heaven's mercy among many, and caused a wide debate among philosophers. The European Enlightenment and the Clergy
As a born and raised Portuguese nacional, this dark episode of our history is taught in schools ..... at least it was back in the 1970's...!!! This was a great documentary.
It still is taught
Voltaire wrote a book, Candide, and the quake and tsunami of Lisbon feature in there. That was the first time I heard about it.
That was an outstanding book! I already knew about the earthquake when I read it because I took some college classes about earthquakes and didn't read Candide until after college. Oddly enough, the book was recommended by one of my biology teachers. It was well worth the read!
@@whoever6458 I is an outstanding book! I agree!
A superb presentation with great acting, scripting and cinematography! Well done! Oh, and yes...this is real history. Learn from it!
"'Most died in the collapse of churches.'" Clear signal from God about those evil institutions. 😄
Been to Lisbon, very much appreciated and enjoyed time in Portugal.
You cannot prevent these things
Great acting, except for those two fruits at 15:41
@@Mrbfgray Let's call it national karma.
Yes.
There are newspaper articles from that time recording people's account of this tragedy. I'm sure you can find them easily if you Google the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
We will return to the commercials shortly, but first this brief interruption from our movie.
Exactly, enough is enough
I use adblockers and they work
The opera theater was destroyed by the earthquake. :( they said that it was the most beautiful in all of europe.
Hadn’t heard about this earthquake before watching this documentary! Extremely good and taught me a lot about earthquakes.
I always get a bit surprised how little foreigners know about it.. We (the Portuguese) know about this. If you ever go to Lisbon, the convento do Carmo in the centre of Lisbon (chiado), with its gothic church was destroyed during the earthquake. If you are in the centre and you look up, it’s walls are still there standing, a ruin, never rebuilt. Left like that as a reminder of the devastation caused by the 1755 earthquake, one of the worst days in Portuguese history. It is now a museum. At the time it caused horror all over Europe, Voltaire even wrote poems about it.
@@cristinapita5913 thank you so much for tha extra history. I have had a whistle stop visit to Lisbon but not long enough to take in its history. I shall rectify this and make it a longer port of call. I knew it’s people were extremely nice and you have just confirmed that.
Thank you very much indeed. ❤️
@@cristinapita5913 I learned about this earthquake in college because I took some classes about earthquakes. We have a lot of earthquakes here so I am quite experienced in actually going through them. If you get under something and wait for it to be over, you'll almost certainly be fine.
Filled with incorrect and biased information
Well done the team who provided this fantastic documentary. V.
This was the first video of yours that I’ve watched. Very well done. Really like the historical information along with the current day science.
You have to appreciate the Portuguese…especially the Lisboetas for their uncanny ability to not only master the English language, but also speak with a nuanced understanding of vernacular phrasing! Spaniards, in my experience seldom achieve this.
i don’t know why we were never taught about the incredible scientific accomplishments of this man Pombal. so much more important than Pompeii, which has been covered hundreds of times! thank you for this terrific video!! so interesting!! He created a most beautiful and “safe” city!
we really need to learn more about this horrendous disaster!
thank you so very much for this video - so very informative and important ! 〰️🏛️🌊 🌬️🔥⚰️ 🧝🏼♂️🧑🏾🏫📜📖🏚️🌹🌱
For all the good he did (and he did a lot to advance Portugal at the time tbh), he also went a little crazy with The Távoras were he used extended torture for both accused and accusers (basically twisting reality and facts to his own personal benefit and ambitions) were even children were executed publicly and in very, VERY gruesome ways... he also basically did a Night of the Long Knives before the Nazis on The Jesuits religious order aka "Society of Jesus", basically taking everything away from them, while killing some in the process before giving order of expulsion from Portugal and all Portuguese Colonies (the reality is that he only did it because he had seen the ultimate opportunity to get total control over the entire country's Economy). I do think he did more good than bad overall, but many innocent lost their lives and suffered in ritualistic disgusting ways because of his personal agenda (for all of his rational persona he did had some very fucked-up and almost non-humane flexible boundaries). Still his contribution to move the country forward into a new, better and overall more enlightened future, is undeniable imo.
We (the Portuguese) know about it… convento do Carmo in the centre of Lisbon (chiado), with its gothic church was destroyed during the earthquake. If you are in the centre and you look up, it’s walls are still there, a ruin, never rebuilt. Left like that as a reminder of the devastation caused by 1755 earthquake, one of the worst days in Portuguese history. It is now a museum. At the time it caused horror all over Europe, Voltaire even wrote poems about it. I also get surprised how little foreigners know about it.. ** coming back here to edit. It is actually shaw at the end..
One of most stupid & ridiculous comments I've ever read on this social ! Making a comparison between p.m. marques de Pombal and Pompei ( which was one biggest volcanos eruption ever known) ...!! 😂😂😂 And in the name of education and history, let me make this question : why Sebastiao Jose de Carvalho in your cultured mind is much more important than an historical tragedy happened 2000 yrs ago ? You attended school in the USA for sure, typical...
The most scary thing about this earthquake and some shocks from the earthquake were felt throughout Europe as far as Finland and in North Africa, and according to some sources even in Greenland and the Caribbean
Thanks for talking about this. Portugal 🇵🇹
Portugal, Greece, Italy down to Turkey sat in very active geological sheet. The African plate, met with Eurasia and oceanic crust. Earthquakes and Volcanoes activity will not escape the area.
Mentioning Turkey here gave me chills as knowing what happened just recently to Turkey. This is goosebumps
@@dbc3745 another time bomb is American Eastern sea board along San Francisco, San Bernardino, and especially California and L.A where it sat on every long faults called San Andreas faults. Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Kashmir, Bangladesh, East Africa Madascar have another geological activity that went silent for so many years which Somalia plate collide with oceanic plate near Madascar.
@@dbc3745 same here. Thats why I watched this one coz I saw it was uploaded 2 weeks before the Turkiye / Syria one that is still being cleared up one week later. Goosebump stuff.
@@mansoormannix1753 yes they were expecting that one to happen but then the Turkiye-Syria one happened instead. So, so sad.
@@carollakay2911 but Turkey is lying between 2 continental faults, the Arabian fault in the North and Africa Fault in the East both are pushing the slab side way from the Angle and that pressure make Turkey more vulnerable to slip and cause deadly earthquake, Syria is a victim of after shock if I am not wrong. Turkey should be prepared for scenarios like this by building their houses to the required standard to avoid future catastrophe like this.
Thank god u have chapters; I love the historical parts and I can skip the current info; the historical chapters are outstanding!
Never heard of this disaster before.
Portugal has the giant waves for surfing too
The giant waves in the world apparently.
In Nazaré Portugal ❤🇵🇹
Portugal need again Marquee Pombal to raise this beautiful country as it deserves to be.
Strong ideas, honesty, determination , care and protecting the people and the love for his country.
This was excellently produced!
How amazing you were able to read their diaries, hear the music they liked, examine their clothes so closely…your research is exceptional and this video truly does it justice. I worked for ten years in a costume-field museum so I know how difficult it can be but how delightful when you happen across something unique and personal, like that stain on the ball gown. Well done.
In 15 minutes I forgot what I was watching due to all the commercial interruptions
I present you: Adblock....
Skip to the last seconds of the video and let it play then hit replay and you'll have no ads.
@@Sfhinxs1 in google chromecast is not possible to avoid ads
No commercials for me. Odd
I love historical reenactments of the Middle Ages and early modern period.
You will like the Renaissance Festival
@@vampoftrance Renaissance festivals are anything but historical, they might as well just be called "Fantasy festivals"
S Waves are not vertical, they are horizontal, just like the P Waves. P Waves move toward and away from the epicenter, alternately compressing and extending the ground. S Waves move side to side at 90 degrees to the line from the epicenter. The third wave train, known as Surface Waves, is the vertical movement. The surface waves resemble water waves, moving across the ground and raising and lowering it.
6:49 hello i wanted to warn something in this scene that is inaccurate. in the scene you can see bicycle chainsa or "bush roller chains" but they were only invented in 1880. this is something that should be fix so people wouldn't have misunderstanding in invention history.
Tell everyone about the earthquake on Jan 1, 1980. I went through that one. It happened out in the Azores.
Many cities went up in flames. Lisbon really was bad with one long coast the city was impossible to escape from. Japan's northern coast was hit hard and some places wiped out are rebuilding on full to raise the town above sea level.
Watching this today: September 10th 2023 just a few days ago in Morocco 🇲🇦 6.8 Earthquake has ravaged the country! So far over 2000 deaths and thousands injured. September 8th 2023 at 11:11pm.
Morocco on the northwest coast of Africa on the Atlantic is very close to Portugal. Just in the last month or so Morocco had another devastating earthquake which killed I think 2 to 3000 people. I had read that the same earthquake on that day which almost destroyed Lisbon did more damage and killed more people in Morocco in North Africa than anywhere else. But since this was the year 1755 it was barely known or reported on since Morocco was not a power and not in Europe.
Interesting, that makes sense of course.
Great re build. Thank you for uploading
The whole world trembled those November days of 1755 .Nearby in Spain the port city of Cadiz almost had a tsunami and in Seville another port city the earthquake was felt and five houses fell , in London trembled too and people were so afraid that the Court life stopped and churches were filled with people praying it was the first earthquake in London in 200 years since 1560 It was felt in New York and Havana Cuba and it was felt everywhere even Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro It was felt in all the world it must have been terrifying.May God have mercy on us and on the whole world.
Just before Jesus returns it will be 1 million times worse.
Every island and mountain will be shaken..
The last plague to ever come on the earth is this -
Revelation 16:17-21 -
"And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and there came a great voice out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, It is done.
And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great....
And every island fled away, and the mountains were not found.
And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great".
Morocco in North Africa which was very close to Portugal was almost just as devastated by the 1755 earthquake but since it was North Africa it did not get any of the attention that Lisbon did. The death toll was just as high if not more with coastal cities destroyed, tsunamis, deaths and destruction but Morocco's earthquake and tsunami did not get the attention that Lisbon did.
This is well helpful for us to look at the history 1755 Great earthquakes.
With all the billions that are spent on monitoring these great geo-hazards, mankind is no nearer to preventing them and probably never will be.
That's bcs an earthquake is impossible to pinpoint in advance..
Philly: I like your optimism , very lifting…
The geological processes that result in earthquakes and volcanoes are important processes for the sustaining of life on this planet so our best bet is to build better buildings because earthquakes are completely fine if you're outside and not near the ocean.
philclennell: Humans will never have Controll ! That belongs to someone else ! As for Pompeii, Lisbon, SODOM AND GOMORRAH their downfall was for the same reason, as will be for the USA . Think about it !
My step-son and his family just moved to Lisbon.
I always heard that the fires began due to the thousands of candles lit in the churches since it was religious holiday...
Bury the dead, look after the living... what a wise counsel 🤔☺️
tsunamis DON'T always give the described warning... that only happens if the low part of the wave approaches the coast first (pulled down by the ocean floor during the quake)... if the high part of the wave (pushed up by the ocean floor during the quake) approaches first then the coast gets hit without the "warning" of decreasing water... (with the 2004 tsunami Indonesia got surprised with the negative wave with warning, Sri Lanka got hit with the other side of the tsunami wave and didn't get the "warning"...)
Lisbon needed a scientific-minded, no-nonsense “dictator” after the quake….He shouldn’t be criticized, but lauded for his actions….
They never should have planned to burn those people.
It may have been a punishment of God for the Catholic Inquisition.
@@shaneamundson1192And the start of the transatlantic slave trade.
I lived in Lisbon for a year, I was always acutely aware of the 1755 earthquake, imagined seeing the tsunami coming in.
"The shock" of the earthquake "was instantly followed by the fall of every church and convent, almost all the large public buildings, and more than one fourth of the houses. In about two hours after the shock, fires broke out in different quarters, and raged with such violence for the space of nearly three days, that the city was completely desolated. The earthquake happened on a holyday, when the churches and convents were full of people, very few of whom escaped." Encyclopedia Americana, art. "Lisbon", note (ed. 1831)
The people to be sacrificed at the Auto da fe probably were the only ones glad for this disaster.if they survived.
Wow ed 1831? Those old encyclopedias contain lots of things that have been cut out of the modern encyclopedias (political correctness etc)
Proof of God's wrath.
@@barrywainwright3391And HIS wrath is coming again - very soon . The immorality of this country will not be tolerated much longer!
@@tailor383 His warth? Like in Lisbon where the brothels were still standing and the churches destroyed?
Pombal was a very cruel man,but also the right man to save the city and the country.
Its contraditory but true...
The narrator should've used the title "Marquis of Pombal" instead of "markues de Pombal", since the whole documentary is in English.
I am glad that you have mentioned the Azores-Gibraltar Transform Fault. It is my understanding is that it was traced to this fault near the Azores that is becoming a nascent subduction zone. Some researchers believe that this fault turning into a subduction zone is the very beginning of the Atlantic Basin beginning to close. And if this was a subduction zone quake, it certainly explains the violence of the quake and magnitude of the destruction.
since large magnitude earthquakes are almost always subduction zone related, and tsunamis aswell, this theory is quite sound imo
That earthquake was the reason that the bridge between europe and africa will never be built
Portugal was one of the most rich and advanced countries in Europe, yet ignorants still try to destroyed it. Who was manufacturing products that Portugal wasnt? Even Germans when they saw the Portuguese water extraction of the Portuguese ships, they said we also have water pumps, but the Portuguese are too much better and much more advanced!
Agreed, sir.
I met an historian in Toronto years ago. He showed us countless documents and analysis which basically proved what you said. Both Portugal and her bigger sister Spain were at the forefront of many discoveries and manufacturing tech. Problem was corruption and bad political actions destroyed both empires.
Nicely done recreation!
If you get ads on your YT, run it through fast. Play the last few minutes, then hit repeat to watch ad free. Or get YT premium. To me, it’s worth the $.
Adblock plus eliminates this BS
@@georgerichwine1864 not in mobiles
I prefer not to pay a platform that censors and demolitions at will
You can NOT prevent an earthquake or a tsunami.
True, but buildings and infrastructure can be designed and engineered better to withstand quakes and save more lives.
@@barrywainwright3391that's IF the All Might let's them stand !
Shay Patrick Cormac will never forget it
A too long history, for the unknown,
Portugal, as other countries,had to rebuild Lisbon, but today is one of most beatifull cities in the modern world.
Excellent documentary👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
The Spanish Arch in Galway Ireland was damaged by the tsunami.
We survived a mayor earthquake in TÜRKİYE this is an eye opening documentary. Obligada
Your country will always be TURKEY to the English speaking world and NOT the ridiculously fancy name change and pronunciation you insist everyone use.
Good documentary but why does everything have to be drenched in music?
This was very well illustrated and filmed. Very interesting subject not shown in depth before
Never knew about this Earthquake until this documentary popped up or about Pombal. I live in the U.S. and the only Portugese History we are taught is about the monarchy, exploration and colonization.
Whoever that guy from the university of Brest is thee most easy to understand scientists I’ve ever heard!!!
Fascinating documentary. Well worth a watch.
This document made the viewers to visit this great city of Lisbon, the coolest place in Europe.
We had a 6.4 earthquake in Koyunbaba, Gumusluk, Bodrum a few years ago.
It was totally terrifying, so strange that it took at least a minute for us to realise it was an earthquake.
It was a. sound you felt, a deep rumbling that travelled through your body, I cannot explain it properly. It was so weird, and then I thought I was dizzy and could not stand still but realised it was the ground quivering beneath my feet.
We ran into the garden and we were safe. No damage to our apartment. Kos was not so lucky.
It does not end with the first earthquake, so many aftershocks, and they were more scary because we. knew what they were then.
I have carried on living here because I think it is safe for at least a few decades, before the next major one. And I is beautiful
1755 Portugal：we might embarrass Europe.
2023 Greece ：…
funny fact: feast days and celebrations are more important than work everywhere, but thanks for the depreciative narration
yeah, this guy really does keep that tone throughout the video
Qué interesante documental. Pombal era un genio, evidentemente. Lo guió la intuición o algún tipo de formacion para comprender las fuerzas de la naturaleza y reconstruir la ciudad?
I lived through two large earthquakes in California. The description of an earthquake's sound as like a large coach going by is dead on. Only I've described it as large, heavy trucks going by underground. It's terrifying.
This was uploaded 2 weeks before the Turkey earthquake. :(
Never knew this before
Thanks a lot
Pombal was also a bitter, vindictive, social climber, a power-hungry, anticlericalist petty nobleman who sent the future Marquise of Alorna to jail at age 8. Her crime ? Her grandparents were implicated in a plot to assassinate the King. A plot that Pombal may have orchestrated himself to get rid of political opponents. No charge was ever proven, but the most vicious and cruel torture and executions were carried out anyway, thus showing Pombal's true colours.
The Tavora family affair is a truly horror story…very sad!
So what do you think an autodefe was? A family day out? Oh hang on, it was exactly that - vicious, cruel entertainment for the whole family sanctioned by the Christian Church against people who chose to disagree with Holy Mother Church. And then you even dare to describe Pombal as bitter and vindictive.
We dont judge by today's standards
I am living for the reenactments especially the guy at 0:20 in moving all over like he's in an Earthquake but has no emotion on his face the whole time just looking like "F*** this I got work to do, ain't nothing gonna stop me!"
I'd be interested to know what influence Pombal's example had on the other "enlightened despots" of the age, from Catherine & Frederick the Great to Napoleon.
Marie Antoinette was born on 11/1/1755. She considered being cursed since the day she was born
Outstanding video👏👏👏
The thing about this is man's arrogance, thinking he can control these energies
So
Which are the
Polytechnic funding for ........the research
?
Sri balaji polytechnic ?
Which university ?
Anna university ?
Revenue for research
Modelling
Deemed university
Sikkim
Chennai
Pondicherry
Reseach and post graduation are entirely different
Post graduates need not get into research as funds are forresearch ?
Allowance for food and rent and transport is getting expensive which is why staff are compelled to post graduate
Post graduates are not necessarily researchers
How can reseach faculty dispute with faculty who are not categorised as researcher sir ?
Lecturer ?
Pay ?
Assistant prof grade I
Assistant prof grade II
Prof ?
The pay scale is provided by ???????
Let the researchers use thier laptops or mobiles to present thier findings... not necessarily from device ...
I get nothing not even a job for up grading
So sri balaji polytechnic is monitoring the wages everywhere!
I was going to watch this entire video but an ad within a minute and 30 seconds of each other?? I am having to skip more ads then I am getting information from the video itself. No thanks.
This is a lot like 9-11, everything changed..
NARRATOR: "It's hard to find any buildings here over 250 years old."
AMERICANS: 😄😄😄
That's because they're focusing solely on the downtown area. The earthquake and tsunami spared several buildings across the city, but like everything else concerning Lisbon that originates from foreign sources, nothing besides the downtown area and maybe Belém is of importance. The rest of the city has never existed, apparently...
This is comparable to the Boxing Day Earthquake and Tsunami from 2004. Just as Lisbon's was on a holiday and inspired better earthquake and tsunami research, so too the 2004 event. There were no warning systems in that part of the world... but there are now.
Yall its hard AF to run in an earthquake.
I can guarantee you, it is most unnerving.
terrific until the last 60 seconds when the ENTIRE video is covered with your obnoxious, unnecessary "Click Me!" personal ads - not talking about YT ads, but your own overlays of other videos you have - what a shame (and disservice)
Amazing building skills. My rock wall looks like a child made it in comparison.
It'd be hilarious if those marine geologists triggered an earthquake with their air cannon 😂😂😂
It does not work that way - not enough energy.
Watching from Greece.hi everybody.
Great documentary.
Here are two geological things I wonder about. 1. If you look at a map of the west coast of Portugal, Lisbon's big harbor is almost unique - almost unique because there is a similar smooth bay just to the south of it. The rest of the coast is almost a straight line. When the earth has something unique or unusual, we wonder what made it. I wonder if there's a fault or other feature contributing to the existence of Lisbon's harbor. 2. It was a good idea to design better buildings, but another factor is what the buildings are built on. Bedrock is much safer than soft layers of sand, gravel or mud, particularly if they are saturated. Fill is the worst thing. 3. If you have to live in an area with earthquakes, live in a wood-frame house that sways with the shaking.
Fill?
Great documentary!
Informercials galore during this video
Ad blocker browser
Superb documentary film and relevant...👍