I’m 38 and I agree. When I was a kid, I read a lot. Now I learn everyday by watching. This is one of the only things about our current era I really like!
To those who believe the current climate frauds, make them tell us how carbon fuel usage has raised the temperaturs Mars. The only thing constant about climate is change.
These types of scientists like this guy who painstakingly studied and entered all that tree ring info into a computer program over decades is invaluable information. It amazes me.
@@chadsimmons6347"Shredding out planet to pieces". This is hysteria. It conflates Trump to be a God that runs the world and he has been bad. Unfortunately for you, nothing you do changes the climate. Nothing you can do will change the climate. The atmosphere is a byproduct of the world ocean, 800 million cubic miles, and for that you control nothing at all. For you, life sucks, you are not a God, but you can pretend. Your comment is so unreal and preposterous, you sound like a witch doctor.
For over 100 years tree rings were only studied for a gross idea of rainfall. The concept that you could beat on tree ring data to maybe get a signal of summer temperatures for some pines in Norway and Canada, is one of those speculative shitholes that became natural law over time. Dozens of things affect tree rings, so getting temperature out might work if vast error is okay, but only conceptually became biothermometers to climatic crackpots recently to say what they want. In a signal of random noise, making conclusions of what you see is political.
Some added details from Wikipedia: The storms and unseasonably cold weather resulted in 1816 being referred to as the Year Without a Summer. It is now known that the exceptional global weather conditions that year were caused by the volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia. The Villa Diodati is a mansion in the village of Cologny near Lake Geneva in Switzerland, notable because Lord Byron rented it and stayed there with Dr. John Polidori in the summer of 1816. Mary Shelley, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Mary’s stepsister Claire Clairmont, who had rented a house nearby, were frequent visitors. Because of poor weather, in June 1816 the group famously spent three days together inside the house creating stories to tell each other, two of which were developed into landmark works of the Gothic horror genre: Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and The Vampyre, the first modern vampire story, by Polidori.
It was so unseasonably cold in VT in 1816 that a young Joseph Smith moved to an area of western NY state (wine country!) where he later purportedly found some golden tablets and founded the Mormon religion!
Remember that wiki is a community lead info site, always do extra research and do not assume its true because its on wiki...this is a general rule and not specifically aimed at the info you quoted. Simply a warning to current generations whom assume that what is written on the internet is the gospel truth ( so to speak).
@@valentinius62 it’s estimated that 99.9 of all species that have existed are extinct.. And none of others still around can post comments so 🤷🏻 annnnd we’re one of the few animals with a concept of “self” so it would be remarkable if we weren’t egotistical.
@@JustMr0 Yes. "I'm too important and special to die!" 😢 🤣 Well, fungi, bacteria, plants, and cockroaches have been around way longer than we have. We've been fortunate that more physically powerful animals don't particularly like the way we taste. I think that's what gave us a leg up on survival by allowing our ancestors to come down from the trees. Ever try to make a stone-tipped spear or build a fire while sitting on a tree branch? Yeah. Me, neither. Sheer luck. But we believe we are the Chosen of God. LOL
@@valentinius62 then why are you speaking as if your opinion matters? If none within you can be referred as "chosen by god" then under what concept are you expressing your idea? It certainly is new, that concept of "chosen by god" being applied to all human being. Historically speaking, common people never had such luxury. Commoners have always been the subject for their kings. You're making light of humanity, but your action most certainly does not reflect that. Such irony it is to call humanity as mere lucky coincidence, nothing more than other animals, while you're out there expressing your opinion like it matters more than a cow nibbling on grass. Conceptually speaking, that argument is flawed on the fundamental level.
I really wish they would do one on the Santorini (Thera) blast. It’s fascinating; there’s a possibility (comparing it to Egyptian writings of the time) that it might have contributed to certain writings in the bible. Another huge huge eruption.
Try researching when the moon showed up. Native Americans speak a lot about this and why they were removed. Interesting to say the least. Revisionale history? Mud flood, etc.
The Eruption of the Tambora in 1815 was pretty impressive too. It is reckoned to be the largest explosion in recorded history and ejected around 200 cubic kilometres of volcanic dust into the atmosphere. It caused worldwide climate change for years and resulted in the worst famine of the century.
That's called the year with out a summer to most older famers. My friend and his friends are farmers in Pennsylvania and they often spoke about this event not that they experienced it but when you're doing a certain occupation you know the history of it.
shows how little we are compared to nature..all our pollution in an entire year is only a tiny insignificant fraction of what nature decides to do without any warning randomly..
I have a lot of nostalgia watching this. I was in high school when this was released--25 years ago! I wonder how the people featured in the documentary look like today. Likely, some have already passed. It's still really watchable. Life was simpler then before our cell phones.
Howd you know its that old. Out of curiosity. Was this a tv programme. Im personally 32 years out of high school and also have a nostalgic yearning for the easier, less hectic, less dodgy information era😂
All sorts of time clues in the beginning of the video....look at the cars, look at his computer, and they mention an Archaeology conference he attended 1994
crt monitor is a key indicator how old this video is. super computer with crt monitor? it's a potato computer for today's standard. early 2000 lcd monitor start to replace crt monitor - even though not as massive as now @@mondop5270
Cell phones didn’t really take over this bad until maybe the past 7-10 years. Even when Obama was in office sure we had smart phones but you couldn’t watch anything on it with good connectivity unless you were at home
The Plague of Justinian which hit the European world has been dated 541-549 AD. That would correspond almost exactly with this volcanic eruption. Obviously, if food and nutrition is globally interrupted by a massive volcanic eruption then weakened immune systems would result and make plagues a lot easier to happen. Just a thought.
All illness and disease is nutrient deficiency. Viruses and cancers are symptoms not causes of illnesses. The elites know this. That's why they don't vaccinate their children.
Amazing documentary. Not only did they film THE royal archivist of Java reading ancient texts in some of the most beautiful footage I have seen, but then they went and funded a Finnish researcher to help him prove his theory on what happened! Outstanding and highly recommendable documentary.
What I dislike is how this reveal is not put into context, not even in the end where it is said that "this changed human history" (and before: "more than any other catastrophe in history"). Okay... HOW. How was this worse and more impactful than the Black Death, than antropomorphic climate change, than the discovery of America, than the Bronce Age Collapse.
@@Enyavar1 First of all this was a global event. Your examples are all local and the bronce age collapse took place over 50 years so you cant compare that to this event which was pretty much instantanious and resulted in years of famine and climate change globally which then would result in increased competition for the limited resouces ie war and more destruction and famine hardship etcetera and all that on a global scale. Thats what makes this so unbelievable.
Its amazing what a Volcano has the capability of doing. Remember the one in Iceland back in 2010? That thing wasn't that huge, yet it screwed up the air so bad that European travel was on lock down for weeks. Plus the area was under black clouds for such a long time that crops died. Imagine what a volcano eruption the size of the one they are talking about would look like.
@@debbiehauser4446 Mount St. Helens, Washington was nothing compared to Tampora or even the 2010 eruption...it barely made a dent in air traffic...My grandmother lived just a couple hundred miles away from it and she had a front row seat when it blew both times, and I remember getting a light dusting a week or 2 after when I lived in Calgary Alberta...
It wasn't volcanic ash which kept the planes down. EU bureaucrats and politicans solely reling on fishy simulations caused the chaos. If there is dust in the atmosphäre the sunsets are marvelous and the sky is painted in glowing colors. In Europa this happens one or twice a year when huge sandstorms in the Sahara are pushing dust high in the atmosphere. Sometimes even cars parked are covered with a thin layer of dust. Nothing of this happend by then, but the airspace in Germany was closed.
Crazy how it takes all these various disciplines to come together to solve a simple question …what happened to make the trees not grow so well in mid 500 AD. I love science cause none of this would have been possible without other scientist researching their own curiosities. Who knows how or when this slice of knowledge will be useful to some other scientist some where.
I love how all the reactions/comments/experiences inspire me to research more. The comments pointed me to eruptions I never heard of before, human history I never knew of. This is a very inspirational documentary which shows science at its best.
An area and condition I have never seen mentioned or explored is the area around the southern shores of lake Erir the 80 plus miles of I 90 classified as the NY toll way where deep layers of iron type deposits are exposed by stream erosion and human excavations.Finding how these powdery bands of heavy iron deposits were made might provide clues as the history of earth,s comets or Nibiru's iron clouds impacted and the Climate changes.
I've recently started contemplating one that is normally discarded by modern scientist, the Great flood. And the science that surrounds the concept of such an event. We often toss it out since its "just a bible story" , even though Sumarian and other ancient cultures also mention it. even christians dont even read what was actually written correctly. It did not just "rain enough in 40 days to literally flood the world above the heights of mountains" that's silly and doesn't have logical sense. The actual quote from Genesis is "the fountains of the great deep were opened up, the windows of heaven were opened up, and the rain was upon the earth 40 days and 40 nights" the 40 days of rain came AFTER 2 other events. The fountains of the deep = volcanic events, and the "windows of heaven (heaven in scripture usually refers to outer space, not the afterlife) = meteors It was a far bigger geological event that is very plausible, and fascinating to estslish the idea as hypothesis, then dive into evidence that supports it. A meteor a mile wide hitting directly into the ocean alone would flood mountains with the scale of tsunami created by it.
@@RedDeckRedemption And the Ark of Noah was discovered by Ron Wyatt in what is now Noah's Ark National park in Eastern Turkey. But our next catastrophe will be WW3 and a man made financial disaster starting now.
Prof Lowenstein of YVO says there were two kabooms. The 450 AD killed off the Roman Republic in the West. Then a monster 530 AD one sent ash all around the world. The Goths were invited into Roma, to get those souls out from under a 13 year build up of the yearly Capita Tax. So hail Odoracer, King of Rome, and forget the 800 year old Republic. By 530, the Goths had been chased into Iberia, by Byzantines based at Ravenna at the mouth of the Po and so they missed c out on the worst of this volcanic winter.
Who filmed this? I don't expect documentaries to be so exquisitely filmed that scenes make me catch my breath. Wonderful! Well -written, too. Thank you.
I also find these Timeline programs very engaging. I sometimes use short segments in my classroom, to greater illustrate and give context to historical events.
A key question to ask is how these mega volcanos erupting at known points in history (535, 1815 & 1883) affected world climate patterns not only in terms of sunlight & temperature, but also in terms of precipitation & ice accumulation.
Volcanoes cool the surface of the Earth briefly because tiny aerosol particles are spewed high into the stratosphere and reflect sunlight back out to space, but this effect only lasts maybe 1 year.
@@lbburgett Partially true. ALSO, they can raise the temperature in some areas by trapping heated air. You might want to look into more recent science on that issue, stuff in the past 30 years. We have excellent scientific support for up to 3 years of effects from the largest volcanoes. It is a developing field though, so information may change in the near future, again.
@@lbburgett If solar radiations sufficiently are occluded, then vast amounts of soil erosion & deforestation may occur in some areas, but not in others affected by the same volcano due to topographic & vegetative cover differences. If you look at recent research (mostly in Africa) regarding forests & rainfall patterns, you can see how world weather patterns can be easily affected, even wind patterns.
Not true. Uranus has sucked-up most of the big asteroids in our solar system. So in that way, life on Earth is safer than before. Volcanoes? At Etna there are trails cleared to direct the lava flow. But big eruptions like this one are still a threat.
Amazing how a person would spend many years of their life deeply investigating a mystery just out of curiosity, that most people would find completely trivial, the hallmark of a good scientist.
We learned about the “Alta Mira Climate flips” at WSU in the late Sixties. A 300 year flip occurring every 3500 years, lining up with Marduk/Niburu flybys. Ours started around 1970, so we’re fifty years into one. The previous flip is recorded in the Book of the Exodus, KJV. These flips lay waste to civilations, worldwide.
What a glowing testament to painstaking scientific research! The work of these researchers has made it easy for us to understand historic events in half an hour or so of a globally accessible documentary thanks to the other scientists and engineers who gave birth to the technology powering the internet - and the internet itself.
This is one of the most exciting and informative documentary I've seen. Very interesting and extremely impressive how this event was decoded. Hats off to everyone.
This was so informative, explaining many things I didn't quite understand or tying together all the different ways we date cataclysmic world events(which allow us to understand history in a new light-or is it new darkness?). It is fascinating, thank you!
It's amazing to think we can look back 7500 years from these trees, but it's even more amazing that's barely scratching the surface of the timeline of the earth
I will never forget the summer of 1984, in Germany. After having lived in Germany for 20 years, I suddenly experienced a year with no summer at all, with heavy clouds, and overcast; no sun at all! The spring rains just continued right through June, and July. In fact, the rain continued every day, until mid September, when we had about 10 days without rain, and then it started to rain again. The whole year had been cold, and miserable. That autumn, I stood watching as the rain kept falling until, on 3 November, the rain drops suddenly turned into snowflakes! The following winter had heavy snows, right up into April. We saw the first real sunshine in May of 1985. 1984 had been preceded by several significant volcanic eruptions, in Kilauea, and in Alaska, Europe, and Asia, which continued into the early weeks of 1984.
Hi Kenny ! German guy from close to Friedberg/Frankfurt here. YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT ! 84 i turned 18 and had my first Motorbike an could not use it ! Hugs from Poland (where i live now since 2019) PS: Where did you live that time in Germany ? I know a LOT of GI's from Friedberg and Giessen from this time. XOXO
Yes, keep this video dear. I once had a quality video that went into the great potato famine. (The Year without a Summer). It was deleted from my queue. My shared by text links of it, deleted too. I am hoping this may be the one/that video but so far, I think not. But I am thankful to have discovered this one.
This is one of the best documentaries I’ve seen in a while. I’m in awe of the scientists that have collected all this data and painstakingly put it together. They are the some of the best of humanity. I hope we as a species continue our focus in science and our endless curiosity to know more about the world around us.
About a third of the way through, I said to myself: "If they don't mention Krakatoa, I will be sorely disappointed." A fabulous film, this is the best documentary I've seen. Really beautifully done, both in information and style. Years with no sun! Sparked the Dark Ages, I believe. See my analogy! is both on and off the money. "Sparking" something so dark is oxymoronic. But volcanoes are the biggest sparks around.
The documentary presents all like it is a result of one man"s research. It is not. And now we know the answer, it is easier to reason backward by excluding the other logical possibility first.... The history of getting to the truth is usually more complicated.... Take another example, the dinosaurs' demise 60mil years ago.
@@valentin5403 I read up on the event after watching this, and apparently some time after they filmed this documentary, geologists ruled out that the 536 event was connected to Krakatoa. The eruption referenced in the Book of Kings mentioned in this video apparently took place a whole century earlier.
This documentary is really well done . It demonstrates the evidence , then what is missing in those sources to help bring a conclusion. Let us hope WWIII does not progress. Wishing you Peace from USA .
When Krakatoa exploded in 1883, the sound was heard about 2,000 miles away in Perth, Australia. So for the Chinese to hear this explosion in 536, it had to be a major eruption of Krakatoa. As I said earlier the eruption had to be a high VEI 7 or 8 and I wouldn't want to be anywhere around it when it exploded. Excuse my English, I'm deaf and normally don't post because of critics complaining about deaf people.
@@johnparra8388 that was an interesting phenomenon. I think that came later though, if memory serves. It ended right around the time of the medieval warming period as I recall.
Do ppl from Norway know ppl in Minnesota call themselves vikings due their predominantly Scandinavian ancestry. They had the chance to go somewhere new...
Some said it was 1814/5, as the Napoleonic Wars were brought to an abrupt end due to the serious livelihood problems caused by the explosion of Tambora.
The onset of "The Little Ice Age" circa 1285 is interesting from what I've read. Agricultural failures and starvation in central Europe and the sudden cessation of vineyards (previously as far north as Oslo), receded far to the south of France in just a few years..
There was a time about 26,000 year ago when humans dwindled to a population of less than 1000. Not well know or recorded obviously. It was noted in several Sumerian epics.
Our species would've went extinct if not for the short time frame and the resilience we as a species have developed. Worst part about this, there would be literally nothing you could do to prevent something like this from happening again. Nature is a wild beast and we are simply holding on for dear life.
Something like it is happening again and humans are causing it by making massive amounts of CO2 enter the Earths atmosphere. It is called climate change, and it is happening now and will last much longer than 2 years. With 410 parts per million of CO2 our atmosphere is like to was 3 million years ago. Sea Levels were 60 feet higher than now. Slowly worldwide glaciers are melting and even if CO2 were stopped today Sea Levels will raise 60 feet or more. I live about 20 feet above sea level. My hometown, Wilmington, CA, is doomed but I'm 71 years old and wilol be gone by the time it's under water in 40 to 50 years.
now this is a good documentary. it walks you through how you know, instead of just claiming the theory. most documentaries do a slow paced narration like this, but have so little substance. This one actually has substance.
I noticed that, too. There is so much information here, and they even gave credit to the dendrochronologist who created the database. It's very well done.
I’m sorry but there is no firm evidence given here. A gap in carbon data samples of over a thousand years proves nothing. They may be correct but it’s still just a theory without more time correct evidence.
I was at first a little annoyed at the side-tracking of possible meteors or comets, but they gave good evidence to discount them. Wikipedia has the dating of the Javanese "Book of Kings" account as 'dubious', in that it may refer to 535 CE ... or 416 CE. They also have a 'tentatively dated' list of medieval eruptions, none of which are 1215 CE - 1150 & 1320 are as close as they get.
No it is not. Wars and famine account for a smaller fraction of the population than you would expect and disease is barely a blip on the population even massive pandemics barely register
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@@Baronstone Are you kidding me? Ever heard of the Black Plague? Entire villages were wiped out. In fact it was so devastating that it's one of the man reasons that the Mongols were stopped dead in there tracks. It's also how the "Spanish Invasion" of the Caribbean, Central and South America became much easier because the Western Hemisphere had not experienced any of the diseases that Europe and Asia had to suffer through. So these diseases that the Spanish were immuned to overtook every culture that the Spanish encountered, all the way to the Halls of Montezuma. To this day Native Caribbean people hate the name "Christopher Columbus". Disease and Famine obsoletly with the wars, all it would take is one elder in the link in the family tree, that changes us too.
"Every little eruption adds more and more rock to the island. Eventually it gets so large it blows itself apart." (40:27) This doco certainly called that right! That's exactly what happened the year after this was posted, in December 2018. The island's still there but a third its old height, with Anak Krakatoa's 338 metre cone having blown itself to bits in what amounted to the deadliest volcanic eruption of the 21st Century so far.
Solution to climate changes demonstrated by Mother Nature, BUT climate scientists refuse to listen. Stating "models do not include process, it's risky. "
@@larrydifran Why do you say they refuse? Most scientists agree climate changes happen from geological or asteroid events. However we are speeding it up rapidly.
Essentially what happens with Krakatoa is as the hot plume below the volcano adds to the calderas available pool of lava pressure is built up because of two things. One is that this particular lava has high moisture content so it has high steam pressure. Then you have the water seeping in through cracks as the living Rock so to speak rises and falls. Eventually enough moisture comes in contact with the lava results in an explosion. It's kind of like I Campi fliagra that surrounds Naples Italy. If you look at the geology of the caldera, and then look at the population concentration, this active volcano could kill millions the next time it goes. Not just in the Naples area but in Europe in general. Super volcano explosion
I remember watching a series on this research back in 1999 and then in 2001 on SBS. I was so fascinated, I bought the book and read it cover to cover. The book describes the mass migration of people around the globe. Absolutely fascinating.
Most of the four to five generations alive today have never experienced weather-related migration patterns to the extent our Ice Age ancestors did! They followed the herds and the herds followed the food supply. They depended on the earth for every bite of food they ate, and would be enraged to see how their descendants have ruined The Mother. Imagine explaining how feed lots work to someone who hunts, stalks and kills the food his family depends on to live!
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@@angelssoul5596 Catastrophye, An Investigation into the Origins of the Modern World by David Keys, published by Ballantine Publishing Group 2002 I was given a copy by my ex, loan it and lost it, so I found this one second hand on-line.
This process has everything I am really interested in. I just love how Mike Bailey thinks and how he worked this out using tree rings - it’s all of it, it’s so cool. I mean 7,500 years!! How amazing is that?
Jared Diamond explains how scientists have developed several of these fantastic techniques in his book Collapse! If you liked this video, I highly recommend it.
Yuri Fyodorov Just don’t speak out against Israeli atrocities. Instead do a anti- Russian or anti Iran channel and you’ll make plenty of money. Just my advice 😂
@Yuri Fyodorov Wow, thank you for posting these! Most people want a backup channel, that way each account could remain below 250,000, and you could host across two accounts.
@@pandemicgrower4212 it wasn’t someone else’s comment he copied. It was his own comment, that he accidentally posted twice. Did you miss the entire 80+ comment thread above?
Agree! Spending a trillion tax dollars to prevent Climate Change is a total waste! It won’t alter Earth’s temperature. If anything, it has made things worse as it has empowered countries like Iran & Russia who WHOLLY DEPEND on high oil prices to fuel their wars and jihads and make planetary climate conditions worse, not better! Then there are the hidden and largely un-talked about side effects of green energy….the mining of rare earth minerals and their eventual disposal, slave workers etc.
Yeah … it’s taken 60yrs to get the nay sayers to understand they wasted all those years sitting on the fence to see what happens Instead of working to prevent what is happening right now with climate change… just in case … now that the catastrophes are happening almost daily … it’s now almost too little too late … Bunch of Idiots …
The oldest recorded living tree on record is a Great Bristlecone pine, believed to have a lifespan of over 5,000 years. Located in the White Mountains of California, this unnamed tree is considered the oldest living tree in the world.
And for a while some wealthy (coal mining) idiots in the 1960/70s tried to cut it down for fuel (coal) … Thank G’d there were enough ecological protester to put a stop to that one with legislation …
"During the years 535 and 536 a.d there was a sign from the sun the like of a witch had never been seen or reported before. The sun became dark and its darkness lasted for 18 months. Each day it shunned for about four hours and still this light was only a feeble shadow. Everyone declared that the sun would never recover its full light again." ~ John of Ephesus, Syrian Bishop
NEIN NEIN NEIN 1936 a.d there was a sign from the sun the like of a witch had never been seen or reported before. this is documented people in austria could read news papers at night. ist photo proof. go research it. actual real proof. not your fantasy nonsense, UND this sign was that WW2 was to begin! similar to the red sky china just had another sign the red dragon has returned and ww3 will begin with china invading india. do u know anything?
There has been more than one, and I have a feeling there have been quite a few caused by volcanic eruptions throughout Earth's history. Immense tsunamis caused by large fault-slippage or sudden subduction events as well. There's no limit to things the Earth's crust can do and no limit to the damage it can cause to things humans build. Global glaciation also grinds to dust everything, and those things go everywhere on the planet, all at once. Humans are feble except for our brains and we need to find a new home.
I had just said that very thing. Why do so many people that believe we can change the climat? Why does Joe Biden think he can change it just by shutting down fuel plants? How many miles to the gallon is Joe going to get from his electrical plane? Really carry around spare batteries while he flies everywhere in the world? And how many miles can he get to one charge? Where are these stations located since he's shut down our power grid? How long is it going to take to charge one and does anybody think it's going to be free? It's going to cost more to charge your car than to fill it up with gas four times. But it's saving the planet. Yeah right. There have been changes throughout the planet such as the ice age as you mentioned. Jurassic period, what killed the dinosaurs could Joe Biden have stopped that s***? He thinks he can! Let's shut down all the oil producers in the United States and buy it from our enemies. We should be able to get it from our enemies for free. That what he thinks? I'm sorry I rattled on. And I'm sure that I offended some people and I hate that but this is the way I feel.
What recent examples do you mean? I have a suspicion that you like this example because it lines up with things you already believe, but you dislike others because they don't. That's not a problem with science - it's a problem with arbitrary limits you've placed on what you're willing to accept from science.
@@CornerCaseStudio I am simply stating that when the facts coming out of research line up with the premise stated, it creates confidence in that premise. When the facts of research fail this, scientists will seek to modify the premise. Pseudo-science will repeat the premise more loudly and support government intervention to insure the failed premise is the one that is accepted.
@@TimothyHathaway Fine, granted... sometimes this has been a pattern, although it tends to be quickly corrected by follow-up research. Charlatans tend to be rooted out in science. The question remains though: what recent examples? I'm curious what prompted your initial comment. To what "pseudo-science" do you refer? Because many people these days are labeling legitimate science as "pseudo" simply because they don't like the results.
The funny thing about the Arthur legend also is that, the land, trees and forest all died right towards the end of Arthur's life!!! Which fits PERFECT in this time period!!!
There are lots of programs for ring pattern matching (see CDendro for instance). Each year, trees grow in diameter and produces new wood in a layer just beneath the bark called the cambium. In the spring when moisture surges, the cells of a tree expand quickly. Over the course of the summer as the ground becomes drier, the cells begin to shrink. This change in cell size is visible in tree-rings, or growth-rings. Natural tree variation, sudden climate changes or if a tree is planted near a creek or a river, for example, it may get so much water (and water is what makes those little tree cells expand) that the rings no longer equate to each year elapsed (81). But for the 40% that are datable, counting the rings on a sample tells dendrochronologists how old the tree was when it was cut down. However, counting alone does not tell dendrochronologists what time period the tree is from. To find that out, scientists must focus on the pattern of rings rather than number of them. Tree rings develop in the same pattern (e.g., wide ring, wide ring, narrow ring, wide, narrow, etc.) in all trees across the same climate or region. Scientists identify these patterns by laying a strip of graph paper across a sample, and marking only the narrow rings. This is called skeleton plotting (82) . This method works because of the human brain's aptitude for recognizing patterns. Humans are actually, "much better at that than computers are".
A great documentary, about topics that are very rarely, if ever, heard in public discourse about climatology. One does wonder why these rarely make the discussion about our global climate experience, noting it is such as hot topic presently?
There is no public discourse just imposed narrative. If there was an open and honest debate the AGW crowd would be blown out because of questions they can’t answer. Michael Mann is a perfect example. The rest of us are not sophisticated enough to understand his hockey stick graph cited by Al Gore’s fraud.
I remember when mt.st.helens exploded, we were leaving england to go to ireland on holiday when the sky went dark as night at noon, pitch black, the ash had gone high in the atmosphere which then moved around the world
Medieval historian Micahel McCormick, a Harvard archaeologist and chair of the Harvard University Initiative for the Science of the Human Past, explained to Science: "It was the beginning of one of the worst periods to be alive, if not the worst year," McCormick speaks of the ill-fated year of 536.(2018)
I have had Keys' book since it was published in 1999 and have read it several times. It always seemed a fairly important idea and his research seems detailed indeed. What puzzles me most is that despite looking for it over 20 years, I have never seen any serious follow up to either challenge or confirm it. I find that a big negative for historians of the time.
Go to SuspiciousObservers UA-cam channel or don't. Remember that Conspiracy Theory is just a fun fact that hasn't been proven to be correct YET. If you go there, you'll find the answer. You might even put 2 and 2 together as to the desperation of the WEF for a one world government, their words. Get ready.
@@franciscorompana2985 great question. The books contained in the Bible were finalized at the council of Hippo in 393 AD. The last book written was Revelation, which was composed around 95 AD. Some Christians hold to the belief that we are currently living in the End Times and that the events of revelation 8 could have been prophetic regarding the darkening of the sun in 536 AD.
Dendrochronology has been an accepted science in forestry since at least 1870. Yes, making a computer record of the dendrochronology developed dramatically in the 1980s with access to desktop computers and data storage. In the mid-1980s, 35 years ago, we were doing much of this in my Forestry degree. We could do all of this except not so computer automated. This is a very interesting subject, but the thoughts that this is new is very wrong. Dendrochronology is a well established science.
The recent news is that the origin of this disaster is probably the El Salvador Volcano's Ilopango lake : the time is right, from the work of Robert A. Dull, University of Texas at Austin in 2010 and later works in 2015
@@slappy8941 I saw a documentary about the eruption in C America, which of course, spread to Europe, where it destroyed the crops of the Norse, which led them to leave their countries for Ireland, etc...
Checking the mineralogy of the volcanic ash can determine which volcano was responsible. The evidence for Krakatau is much strongerm but that isn't to say there wasn't a series of eruptions in different locations around the same time. The are going through such a phase now in Indonesia with several volcanoes over the past few years, plus volcanoes being active in Centeal America too.
I was living in Rapid City SD when Mt. Saint Helens blew. As noted, should an explosive eruption occur that will be the end for most of USA. No sense in worry about what one cannot change or predict.
Yellowstone is at least 100,000 years from being due for an eruption. Stop looking at just the last 3 eruptions it had and look at its entire history. When you do, you begin to understand that it isn't "due" for an eruption anytime in the near future.
@@abacab87 If you take away 100k years from 100k years, that equals zero, that would mean an eruption happens NOW or a year from now! I am going by memory, but a few years ago, National Geographic has a cover story on Yellowstone that indicated the dates of the previous eruptions. Wikipedia shows the last three eruptions were this many years ago: (A) 2.1 million years (B) 1.3 million years (C) 630,000 years ago Thus, there were 800,000 years between "A" and "B" and 670,000 years between "B" and "C". Thus, if there is 670,000 years between "C" and the next eruption ("D"), since "C" was 630,000 years ago, then "D" happens in 670,000 less 630,000 or in 40,000 years, in 42020 AD.
The question I have is what was the alignment of the planets during these events? Gravitational pull of the planets has been connected with earthquakes. Is it possible that it is also connected with volcanic eruptions? Could it also predict the magnitude of eruptions? They talk about when eruptions have occurred, but they don't seem concerned about the cause of the eruptions.
Who ever told you that climate stability was for this planet, do you know of any other planet with climate stability? We are lucky to have what we got.
Actually, the Earth is EXTREMELY stable compared to other planets. Our Sun for example is very uncommon in its stability. About 75% of stars in our Galaxy are Red Dwarfs, which flare up all the time, and would make it almost impossible for life to survive. The Earth's orbit is almost a perfect circle with only 3.2% difference between max (aphelion) and min (perihelion) distance to the Sun, so the overall temperature if taking into account North and South hemispheres, stays very constant throughout the year. The seasonal change of weather is mostly because of the Earth's 23 degrees inclination, and not because of orbit. The gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus deflect rogue asteroids and comets, and have protected the inner solar system from major strikes. And the moon has done the same for the smaller close encounters. And the Earth's molten iron core, produces a magnetic shield that has prevented life and DNA from being destroyed by cosmic rays. Just think about the fossil record, and how something as fragile as life has been able to survive on this planet for so long. Imagine the whole Earth staying for just a year below 0 degrees Celsius - all life on the surface would have frozen. Now imaging if the temperature rose about 40 degrees Celsius for just a year - all life on land would have perished. That in itself is a testament to how stable the Earth's climate has been. So all in all, the Earth's climate, is FAR MORE STABLE than most other planets out there.
So true, it drives me crazy when people talk about climate change! Our climate has never stopped changing for as long as earth has been a planet! It’s human arrogance that makes us believe we have anything to do with it! Did humans cause this? Did humans cause Krakatoa? Mount Saint Helen? The planet has been a ball of lava! It’s been a ball of ice! It’s had hot times, cold times, at one point we had 1 big continent! Did humans cause Pangea to fall apart and create 7 different continents out of one giant landmass?? This planet goes through a drastic climate change every 20,000 years and it’s been about 20,000 since the last major shift! Get ready
@@jumpinjohnnyruss agree. This is the Rare Earth Hypothesis 🌎. And there is a lot of evidence that points to it being correct. We might actually be alone in the universe, or at least in our galaxy. This is the most obvious solution to the Fermi Paradox.
It was Tambora in 1815 that "changed the world", 1816 is known as "year without summer". Historically, it was the most extreme volcano aftermath globally: extreme weather for 3 years, no sun for a year, no crops, mass starvation of humans and animals all over the world, disease... This year was factored in as a catalyst for later pandemics in Europe!
Yellowstone would create an ice age, and starve 90% of worlds population, it's caldera is 80 miles long and 50 miles wide.i live 250 miles from it and would die from initial blast even though I'm upwind from it.(west) by northwest
@@stevemace1725 Stay safe. Taupo is on the rise, too. The grand solar minimum and the magnetic polar reversal may become very threatening to mankind. We can only hope to get through this disaster cycle, as much aware and prepared as possible. In the end, the universe is our master, and for me, it is all God’s will...Yes, I prep. And I pray. Blessings from France and a safe and happy Christmas.
When Krakatoa blew the effects were felt worldwide. It's ash covered the whole world. It destroyed the entire island as well as the life on nearby islands. It caused tsunamis and earthquakes before the entire island sank. It was compared to the force of a hundred or more Atomic bombs. I haven't any idea how many nuclear bombs it would take to do the same damage worldwide.
if i remeber correctly, Professor Mike Rampino did some deep research about mass extinction, global warming or cooling caused by volcanic eruptions. we need more scientists like these. its fascinating and interesting to see their results and how (for everyone plausible and understandable) things happened long long ago.
I've heard the comet theory before, but krakatoa blowing its top works too. This eruption must have made 1883 look like like a firecracker compared to a neutron bomb.
Toba was bigger still. It just happens that Krakatoa was the loudest noise ever recorded, with around 45 cubic kilometers of material expelled; but Toba was several orders of magnitude bigger, with some 2800 cubic kilometers expelled. Then you've got Tambora, about half the volume of Toba expelled, but still big enough to cause the world problems..
@@Leyrann I'd be interested in your source, if seen several documentaries to the contrary, i think if any supervolcano were to erupt to would have to some effect of the hominids of that particular era, but unlike i lot of people i don't have an ego that won't allow them to admit when they're wrong. When your girlfriend has more black belts than you have socks and is a military trained sniper, it changes things--i feel much safer at dinner.
Going back in time, we see large climatic rhythms. A deep temp trough with the worst being the 1600s. Where floe ice so tightly surrounded Iceland, one year, that fishing fleets couldn't leave Reykjavik that year. Long-term cooling had already been underway for centuries. But a recent study suggests an exacerbating factor: the 1500s-early 1600s death of many Amerindians, their farm land reverting to forests, creating a giant carbon sink, chilling the atmosphere. Farther back in time is a long warm spell. Vikings lived in Greenland--in land-based agriculture, with enough grass for their herds--for 4 centuries. They even had trees. Going back roughly a 1000 more years is Hadrian's Wall, with nearby vineyards.That was the peak of Roman Empire power, in a several-centuries warm spell. In between--related to this documentary--was a long-term cold spell. That was under way well before 536AD. Goths, Visigoths, and Vandals invaded Western Europe, because of cooling-related lost grazing land, a century earlier. Starting the dark ages, back then. But the 536AD event, making a cold era even colder, would have exacerbated the cold trend. Making the dark ages even darker. Very catastrophic, to already infrastructure-weakened European peoples.
The idea that changes in the miniscule amount of cultivation accomplished by amerindians could affect global weather patterns is laughable. Cultivation by these primitive people was exclusively limited to stream banks and flood plains. It wasn't anything close to the near-industrial farming performed in Europe at the same time.
@@Baronstone Not just Supervolcanoes have "super" eruptions. So one doesn't have to be a VEI 8, to have a big enough explosion to affect the global climate. This event likens to the year 1816 ("The Year Without Summer"). That wasn't a Supervolcanic (VEI 8) eruption either. But it sure did f*ck up global temperatures for around the same stretch of time as this event did. That eruption, I believe, was from the volcano known as Tambora.
So well done, thank you. Man thinks he’s so smart and along comes Mother Nature who says “; look what I can do you puny ants”. Just look at the Icelandic volcano- still going in all it’s terrifying beauty 🇦🇺🇦🇺
i love seeing disaster films where the entire human race gets humbled..... we've grown into such a cocky and confident society, but we forget that we are not masters of our own fate......
Immanuel Velikovskis book entitled "Worlds in Collision" Is one of the most amazing books I have read on this topic. It was written in the 50's and it covers a world wide disaster from many of the major nations all over the world.
@@jessepollard7132 Read it as well as all his other books and you discover that he quoted from a multitude of major civilizations they were all saying the same thing at the same time in history...no postal service, internet, phones or radio 1500 years ago.
I think we need the reminder that, as important as it is to take the best care of our environment that we can, ultimately we don't control nature--in fact, it seems that the more we try to fix things, the more we actually end up messing them up. The climate has gone through extreme cycles long before the industrial revolution and will continue to do so, whether we help it or not.
Exactly. I think this type of catastrophe will harm us long before “man made climate change.” People are so stupidly arrogant about their ability to control nature.
@@skeptigal8899 In their arrogance they lap it up like milk when politicians sell some new “method” of controlling nature. Their minions screech to help advertising the new method.
Yes: we little pond scum are far too insignificant to ever have any lasting effect on our climate. Global warming, or Climate Change, are controlled by systems that are so large that we can't even comprehend them.
And were chopping them down ( or we've chopped them down )and turned them into toilet paper. Think how clean the air was in Tasmania. People live longer down there ( I'm Tasmanian blood)
Old Tjikko, Sweden, 9 550 years old. And then there's nutters who believe the Earth was 'created' 6 000 years ago. One of them is an Aussie living in the US. He's got a creation 'museum' in Petersburg, Kentucky.
@@matsjonsson9492 yea he says that humans and dinosaurs lived side by side i think his exhibit is dangerous to teach to all the young children who take field trips there every year
I love the passion you have for your topic, it's infectious! I love how informative your videos are, I always learn something new. Thank you so much! I'm looking forward to the next episodes!
I was doing quite a bit of photography the year Mt St Helen had its debut and it was the best year for sunsets ever, this was in the south of England, it wasn't a huge eruption by comparison and I was half a world away. I wonder how prepared we are today for something similar, our technology would help but millions would die before it was over.
I am guessing it world be a terribly bad event since most of the world isn't prepared for a catastrophic event of this magnitude. Considering everything we see on the news about water, food, baby formula shortages; issues with possible power grid failures and infrastructure issues, it looks pretty grim BEFORE such a catastrophic event...
@@rowangreymantle I think after such an event the biggest problem for the human race would be WHO survived!, in the days of ugg it would have been the young and fit, those that could breed, but today we would have sleazy politicians and their hangers on, the rich who could buy their way in, invariably all chosen with no view to maintaining the species, in the film 2012 I would have had two lists, the first, those that were approached to finance the arks and a second list of young useful people, and when the call came most of the first would come second, in the new world you need strong backs and breeders, not exactly PC for today but in the world of tomorrow its what would be needed. Unfortunately the reality would be our race would survive the Apocalypse only to die out in political squabbling☺.
@@rowangreymantle Sounds like a biblical event - like what is described in Revelation Chapter 16. A third of the Earth is destroyed, the Sun scorches those remaining, and then the greatest earthquake in history.
It's scary that this can happen again at any number of high populated places on earth at any given second. But, for some reason we've programmed ourselves that they only happened in the past.
Watch out for the Phlegraean Fields, just west of Naples. It is a large region of supervolcanic calderas, which is at ground level. The Romans considered it the entrance to the underworld, because of the numerous fumaroles which belch steam and pools of boiling mud. If it goes, Naples and environs will be toast. Vesuvius, just around the bay, is nowhere near as big a threat.
There are several ICE CORES DATING TYPES 1) Annual layer count: The basis of this method is to look for elements that vary with the seasons in a constant way (they depend on the temperature, colder in winter and warmer in summer; and solar irradiation, lower in winter and more in summer). 2) Use predetermined ages as markers: Pre-determined ages are used for several points in the ice core. The main advantage of these methods is that they can be completed relatively quickly. The main disadvantage is that if the default age markers are incorrect, the age assigned to the ice core will also be incorrect. 3) Radioactive dating of gaseous inclusions: relies totally in validity of radiometric methods. amount of gases {and assuming radiometric dating is a valid method}. 4) Ice flow calculation: the length of the ice core is measured and computes how many years it must have taken for a glacier of that thickness to form. This is the most INACCURATE of the methods used to date ice cores. First one must know how the thickness of the annual layer changes with depth. After this, some assumptions should be made about the original thickness of the annual layer to date (the amount of precipitation that fell on the area in a year). That said, calculation of ice flows is not only inaccurate as orthodox scientists recognize, but it is reckless given the amount of assumptions it makes (such as a rate of 1 layer of firn per year). Regarding the direct count of annual layers, they admit that elements whose variations are constant and consistent are necessary, such as seasonal cycles, stability of the lithosphere and the electrical charge of the atmosphere and the ionosphere. Scientists had correlated the peaks in the average acidity of the annual layers from 553 to 1972 AD, with historical volcanic events. About a dozen historical volcanic eruptions are evident in the ice core of Crete in central Greenland. It's claimed that the deep ice sheets are 160,000 years ago from the interpretation of Antarctica ice core of almost 2,100 meters long in a region where the total thick is 3600 m. However, such estimates are based on the assumption that the accumulation rate has not changed much in the past. The technique used to estimate the age of a deep ice sheet is to measure its O18 content and calculate the atmospheric temperature that is observed to produce such concentrations today (28). Through a second known relationship between temperature and precipitation rate, observed again in the current atmosphere, the accumulation rate for a given layer is calculated (29). These methods and techniques would be reliable if they could be supported by markers such as volcanic eruptions, of which there are only a few thousand years record, or if the accumulation rates had been constant over long periods of time in the past, which is very doubtful.
A large asteroid impact can trigger volcanic eruptions at its antipode. The theory goes that many of the flood basalt eruptions were initially triggered by impact events at their antipodes. Especially the Deccan Traps. The hotspot that formed the traps has its antipode on the Yucatan Peninsula, which has an impact crater from an event believed to have triggered something akin to an atomic winter. Many scientists now accept that the two events happened in very close proximity to one another on the timeline, and are thus related. The sound of Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai erupting was heard literally all around the world. People reported it as far away as Yukon, Canada. The eruption was a high end VEI 4, but it was loud because it was partially submerged, meaning some of that noise was water flashing to steam. The VEI 6 eruption of Krakatoa in 1883 was at least equally as loud, because it too was partially submerged. There's something about flashing seawater to steam that helps amplify the sound of a volcano's explosive eruptions. So the volcano they're looking for is probably its own island. Or was, until the eruption. In order to have the meteorological impact that it did, it would have to be a mid-level VEI 7. And yes, Krakatoa is known to be capable of VEI 7 eruptions.
"The theory goes that many of the flood basalt eruptions were initially triggered by impact events at their antipodes." That's nonsense, utterly ignorant of scale and cause-and-effect. There's nothing to focus the effect of an impact at its antipode.
@@gandydancer9710 Do you know how we figured out what the inside of the earth is like? Earthquakes. How did we use earthquakes? Because energy waves can pass through the mantle and core, even to the antipode of the epicenter, and be picked up and read by seismometers. Impact events generate very specific types of energy waves. Now, if an impact event sends that much energy through the earth, does it not stand to reason that it can loosen fault lines or even generate small bulges in the mantle? Have you never heard of a Newton's cradle?
@@AtarahDerek Don't tell me things I already know. Read what I wrote: (1)"That's nonsense, utterly ignorant of scale and cause-and-effect." In scale the Earth is smoother than a billiard ball. Got that? Mt. Everest is an almost undetectable defect in the paint. So, no, something in the relative size of a a fleck of paint hitting one side of the Earth is not going to crack the paint on the other side. No matter how fast it's traveling. (2) BECAUSE "There's nothing to focus the effect of an impact at its antipode." Instead the shock, such as it is, will be dissipated through the entire massive volume of the Earth. There's no rigid pole (or lined up sequence of metal balls, as in the Newton's Cradle analogy) to transmit any shock from one side of the Earth to a single point on the other side. What about this are you not getting?
@@gandydancer9710 The part where you ignore sound science demonstrating that earthquakes are detectable at their antipode. If they can be felt, then their trigger can be as well. Also the part where that fleck of paint is hitting that billiard ball at mach 5,000 and somehow not having any effect on the ball's surface except locally. And the part where you fail to notice that the sources of some LIPs are precisely opposite the original impact points of large comets or asteroids, and are said even by evolutionary geologists to date to around the same time as said impact events. The Deccan Traps, for instance? They started at the antipode of the Chicxulub crater in Mexico. Whether that impact event triggered or merely intensified those flood basalt eruptions, the fact remains that it did affect them.
@@AtarahDerek I didn't ignore your arguments, I debunked them. You, on the other hand, chose to completely ignore the points I made about scale and LACK OF A FOCAL MECHANISM. The interior of the Earth is a viscous magma (kept hot and viscous by radioactive decay) in a shell of cooler material. I can't help it if you think some array of Newton's Cradles is a better model for that than, say a tough weather balloon filled with a viscous liquid, but I WILL roll my eyes. I specifically said "No matter how fast it's traveling" because, no, mach 350 (where did you get 5,000???) won't make up for the ratio of masses of the two objects. The Deccan Traps are located at circa 17-24°N, 73-74°E. The coordinates of the Chicxulub crater are 21°24′0″N 89°31′0″W. Both are in the northern hemisphere and obviously, therefor, not antipodal. Also the Traps are a bit older than the meteor impact. Cause must precede effect in this universe.
Thing with this is that they immediately zeroed in on Krakatoa because it's so recognisable. If you listen to what is being read from the Javanese writings, they state that the islands of Java and Sumatra were originally one island. The closest coastal areas of the two islands do have the remains of what appears to be a blown-up volcanic island almost directly in the middle, and it's called Sangiang, as well as a random rock cliff to the North East of it called Pulau Tempurung, and another group of islands to the NW, just off the coast of Sumatra. There's also a large depression in the seabed in the middle of all of this. My bet is that there was originally a large volcano there spanning the 2 islands and joining them together and it was that one that blew up.
Or maybe the culprit vulcano was not in that area at all? Maybe it was the Ilopango in El Salvador which erupted around 500-540 a. d. @Pazoozoo ua-cam.com/video/ni1JtlXKIM4/v-deo.html
@@Maridun50 the problem is that there are studies that shows that Ilopango erupted ~100 years earlier (around 431). I still think Krakatoa is the cause of this event
I’m 83 years old and find these programmes informative and fascinating.
That's exactly why I am glued to this..
We grew up with dictionaries.. How wonderful it is to see it moving...!
I’m 38 and I agree. When I was a kid, I read a lot. Now I learn everyday by watching. This is one of the only things about our current era I really like!
Kind of like having a set of encyclopedias on video!
To those who believe the current climate frauds, make them tell us how carbon fuel usage has raised the temperaturs Mars.
The only thing constant about climate is change.
I'm 83 also.
These types of scientists like this guy who painstakingly studied and entered all that tree ring info into a computer program over decades is invaluable information. It amazes me.
They have been trying to figure out signals in tree ring data for 125 years. That mathematician did nothing new. Maybe applied signal processing.
If these scientists cant prove Trump is to blame for shredding our planet to pieces, then throw them in PRISON
@@chadsimmons6347"Shredding out planet to pieces". This is hysteria. It conflates Trump to be a God that runs the world and he has been bad. Unfortunately for you, nothing you do changes the climate. Nothing you can do will change the climate. The atmosphere is a byproduct of the world ocean, 800 million cubic miles, and for that you control nothing at all. For you, life sucks, you are not a God, but you can pretend. Your comment is so unreal and preposterous, you sound like a witch doctor.
For over 100 years tree rings were only studied for a gross idea of rainfall. The concept that you could beat on tree ring data to maybe get a signal of summer temperatures for some pines in Norway and Canada, is one of those speculative shitholes that became natural law over time. Dozens of things affect tree rings, so getting temperature out might work if vast error is okay, but only conceptually became biothermometers to climatic crackpots recently to say what they want. In a signal of random noise, making conclusions of what you see is political.
Where do they get a tree that is thousands years old and how do they know old it is?
Some added details from Wikipedia:
The storms and unseasonably cold weather resulted in 1816 being referred to as the Year Without a Summer. It is now known that the exceptional global weather conditions that year were caused by the volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia.
The Villa Diodati is a mansion in the village of Cologny near Lake Geneva in Switzerland, notable because Lord Byron rented it and stayed there with Dr. John Polidori in the summer of 1816. Mary Shelley, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Mary’s stepsister Claire Clairmont, who had rented a house nearby, were frequent visitors. Because of poor weather, in June 1816 the group famously spent three days together inside the house creating stories to tell each other, two of which were developed into landmark works of the Gothic horror genre: Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and The Vampyre, the first modern vampire story, by Polidori.
Lord Byron wrote the poem "Darkness" during this gathering..... The sense of despair and horror is palpable when read.
Wow!
That would certainly provide the ispiration for such dark stories - thanks for the insight!
It was so unseasonably cold in VT in 1816 that a young Joseph Smith moved to an area of western NY state (wine country!) where he later purportedly found some golden tablets and founded the Mormon religion!
Remember that wiki is a community lead info site, always do extra research and do not assume its true because its on wiki...this is a general rule and not specifically aimed at the info you quoted. Simply a warning to current generations whom assume that what is written on the internet is the gospel truth ( so to speak).
I'm always amazed what our ancestors came through. Wars, famines, diseases like the Bubonic Plague and others plagues.
So did millions of other species. We're not as special as we'd like to think. But I guess that egotistical arrogance is part of our survival strategy.
@@valentinius62 it’s estimated that 99.9 of all species that have existed are extinct.. And none of others still around can post comments so 🤷🏻 annnnd we’re one of the few animals with a concept of “self” so it would be remarkable if we weren’t egotistical.
@@JustMr0 Yes. "I'm too important and special to die!" 😢
🤣
Well, fungi, bacteria, plants, and cockroaches have been around way longer than we have. We've been fortunate that more physically powerful animals don't particularly like the way we taste. I think that's what gave us a leg up on survival by allowing our ancestors to come down from the trees. Ever try to make a stone-tipped spear or build a fire while sitting on a tree branch? Yeah. Me, neither.
Sheer luck. But we believe we are the Chosen of God. LOL
That’s nothing compared to…..misgendering. 🤨
@@valentinius62 then why are you speaking as if your opinion matters?
If none within you can be referred as "chosen by god" then under what concept are you expressing your idea?
It certainly is new, that concept of "chosen by god" being applied to all human being. Historically speaking, common people never had such luxury. Commoners have always been the subject for their kings.
You're making light of humanity, but your action most certainly does not reflect that. Such irony it is to call humanity as mere lucky coincidence, nothing more than other animals, while you're out there expressing your opinion like it matters more than a cow nibbling on grass. Conceptually speaking, that argument is flawed on the fundamental level.
I love all these science based documentaries by Timeline. Some of the last quality left on UA-cam for this genre.
Agreed
I really wish they would do one on the Santorini (Thera) blast. It’s fascinating; there’s a possibility (comparing it to Egyptian writings of the time) that it might have contributed to certain writings in the bible.
Another huge huge eruption.
Try Archaix channel
You may like Mind unveiled channel or the Archaix channel very interesting . Enjoy!
Try researching when the moon showed up. Native Americans speak a lot about this and why they were removed. Interesting to say the least. Revisionale history? Mud flood, etc.
The Eruption of the Tambora in 1815 was pretty impressive too. It is reckoned to be the largest explosion in recorded history and ejected around 200 cubic kilometres of volcanic dust into the atmosphere. It caused worldwide climate change for years and resulted in the worst famine of the century.
That's called the year with out a summer to most older famers. My friend and his friends are farmers in Pennsylvania and they often spoke about this event not that they experienced it but when you're doing a certain occupation you know the history of it.
Not to mention that it brought us the story of Frankenstein. 🙂
Clues to how to stop climate change BUT climate scientists ignoring the facts.
@@larrydifran Unlike you, not being a climate scientist and thus being aware of all the factrs, because you have read them on the internet? 😀😀😀
shows how little we are compared to nature..all our pollution in an entire year is only a tiny insignificant fraction of what nature decides to do without any warning randomly..
I have a lot of nostalgia watching this. I was in high school when this was released--25 years ago! I wonder how the people featured in the documentary look like today. Likely, some have already passed. It's still really watchable. Life was simpler then before our cell phones.
Howd you know its that old. Out of curiosity. Was this a tv programme. Im personally 32 years out of high school and also have a nostalgic yearning for the easier, less hectic, less dodgy information era😂
All sorts of time clues in the beginning of the video....look at the cars, look at his computer, and they mention an Archaeology conference he attended 1994
crt monitor is a key indicator how old this video is. super computer with crt monitor? it's a potato computer for today's standard. early 2000 lcd monitor start to replace crt monitor - even though not as massive as now @@mondop5270
Cell phones didn’t really take over this bad until maybe the past 7-10 years. Even when Obama was in office sure we had smart phones but you couldn’t watch anything on it with good connectivity unless you were at home
Yeah, and communication was for "real",haha. I'm born 1990 so i can somewhat relate.
The Plague of Justinian which hit the European world has been dated 541-549 AD. That would correspond almost exactly with this volcanic eruption. Obviously, if food and nutrition is globally interrupted by a massive volcanic eruption then weakened immune systems would result and make plagues a lot easier to happen. Just a thought.
If crops were interrupted, rodents move inside homes & barns from fields.
This makes perfect sense
All illness and disease is nutrient deficiency. Viruses and cancers are symptoms not causes of illnesses. The elites know this. That's why they don't vaccinate their children.
Not to mention that the lack of sunlight is often a contributor to the beginning of a plague event.
Justinian: I'm going to re-unite the Roman Empire!
God: No, you're not.
Amazing documentary. Not only did they film THE royal archivist of Java reading ancient texts in some of the most beautiful footage I have seen, but then they went and funded a Finnish researcher to help him prove his theory on what happened! Outstanding and highly recommendable documentary.
Yes they reallymade a significant contribution and effort
What I dislike is how this reveal is not put into context, not even in the end where it is said that "this changed human history" (and before: "more than any other catastrophe in history"). Okay... HOW. How was this worse and more impactful than the Black Death, than antropomorphic climate change, than the discovery of America, than the Bronce Age Collapse.
@@Enyavar1 First of all this was a global event. Your examples are all local and the bronce age collapse took place over 50 years so you cant compare that to this event which was pretty much instantanious and resulted in years of famine and climate change globally which then would result in increased competition for the limited resouces ie war and more destruction and famine hardship etcetera and all that on a global scale. Thats what makes this so unbelievable.
*Icelandic researcher
@@Enyavar1 Thank you. I have the same question. "HOW" did it change human history. (instead of this 🤔it now became that🤔...?)
Its amazing what a Volcano has the capability of doing. Remember the one in Iceland back in 2010? That thing wasn't that huge, yet it screwed up the air so bad that European travel was on lock down for weeks. Plus the area was under black clouds for such a long time that crops died. Imagine what a volcano eruption the size of the one they are talking about would look like.
Mount Helena USA
@@debbiehauser4446 Mount St. Helens, Washington was nothing compared to Tampora or even the 2010 eruption...it barely made a dent in air traffic...My grandmother lived just a couple hundred miles away from it and she had a front row seat when it blew both times, and I remember getting a light dusting a week or 2 after when I lived in Calgary Alberta...
It wasn't volcanic ash which kept the planes down. EU bureaucrats and politicans solely reling on fishy simulations caused the chaos. If there is dust in the atmosphäre the sunsets are marvelous and the sky is painted in glowing colors. In Europa this happens one or twice a year when huge sandstorms in the Sahara are pushing dust high in the atmosphere. Sometimes even cars parked are covered with a thin layer of dust. Nothing of this happend by then, but the airspace in Germany was closed.
Yellstone the biggest fan of it's. Power is. ME. D POWER
I believe the volcano responsible is called "Eyjaffjallajokull".
Crazy how it takes all these various disciplines to come together to solve a simple question …what happened to make the trees not grow so well in mid 500 AD. I love science cause none of this would have been possible without other scientist researching their own curiosities. Who knows how or when this slice of knowledge will be useful to some other scientist some where.
I love how all the reactions/comments/experiences inspire me to research more. The comments pointed me to eruptions I never heard of before, human history I never knew of. This is a very inspirational documentary which shows science at its best.
comment sections are an important learning tool, I think a lot of people dont realize this.
An area and condition I have never seen mentioned or explored is the area around the southern shores of lake Erir the 80 plus miles of I 90 classified as the NY toll way where deep layers of iron type deposits are exposed by stream erosion and human excavations.Finding how these powdery bands of heavy iron deposits were made might provide clues as the history of earth,s comets or Nibiru's iron clouds impacted and the Climate changes.
I've recently started contemplating one that is normally discarded by modern scientist, the Great flood. And the science that surrounds the concept of such an event.
We often toss it out since its "just a bible story" , even though Sumarian and other ancient cultures also mention it.
even christians dont even read what was actually written correctly.
It did not just "rain enough in 40 days to literally flood the world above the heights of mountains" that's silly and doesn't have logical sense.
The actual quote from Genesis is "the fountains of the great deep were opened up, the windows of heaven were opened up, and the rain was upon the earth 40 days and 40 nights" the 40 days of rain came AFTER 2 other events. The fountains of the deep = volcanic events, and the "windows of heaven (heaven in scripture usually refers to outer space, not the afterlife) = meteors
It was a far bigger geological event that is very plausible, and fascinating to estslish the idea as hypothesis, then dive into evidence that supports it.
A meteor a mile wide hitting directly into the ocean alone would flood mountains with the scale of tsunami created by it.
Watch magnetic reversal and Oppenheimer ranch best info out there
@@RedDeckRedemption And the Ark of Noah was discovered by Ron Wyatt in what is now Noah's Ark National park in Eastern Turkey.
But our next catastrophe will be WW3 and a man made financial disaster starting now.
Excellent documentary! The island blowing itself apart at the end was extremely well done. Whoever was in charge of the SFX on this deserves an award.
I concur.
@@repentandbelieveinjesuschr9495 nope Jesus is not God
@@fidelcatsro6948 Don't the Catholics believe in the Holy Trinity? The Father, the Son and the Holy Ghostbuster.
Prof Lowenstein of YVO says there were two kabooms. The 450 AD killed off the Roman Republic in the West. Then a monster 530 AD one sent ash all around the world. The Goths were invited into Roma, to get those souls out from under a 13 year build up of the yearly Capita Tax. So hail Odoracer, King of Rome, and forget the 800 year old Republic. By 530, the Goths had been chased into Iberia, by Byzantines based at Ravenna at the mouth of the Po and so they missed c out on the worst of this volcanic winter.
@@davekoenig9935haven't a CLUE what you're talking about but you've convinced me! Well done 😅
Who filmed this? I don't expect documentaries to be so exquisitely filmed that scenes make me catch my breath. Wonderful! Well -written, too. Thank you.
Tara N. This is a production of Channel 4, from the UK
My experience is that TIMELINE is dependability high quality
I couldn't have said it better myself. Very well done
That’s because it’s a British documentary without all the over excitement and shouting that you get with American documentaries.
Dave Debang-bang if it were American, there would be some leftist pushing some liberal agenda in there somehow
I also find these Timeline programs very engaging. I sometimes use short segments in my classroom, to greater illustrate and give context to historical events.
From trees in Europe to the tropics. Everything about this documentary was outstanding.
A key question to ask is how these mega volcanos erupting at known points in history (535, 1815 & 1883) affected world climate patterns not only in terms of sunlight & temperature, but also in terms of precipitation & ice accumulation.
Volcanoes cool the surface of the Earth briefly because tiny aerosol particles are spewed high into the stratosphere and reflect sunlight back out to space, but this effect only lasts maybe 1 year.
@@lbburgett Partially true. ALSO, they can raise the temperature in some areas by trapping heated air. You might want to look into more recent science on that issue, stuff in the past 30 years. We have excellent scientific support for up to 3 years of effects from the largest volcanoes. It is a developing field though, so information may change in the near future, again.
@@lbburgett If solar radiations sufficiently are occluded, then vast amounts of soil erosion & deforestation may occur in some areas, but not in others affected by the same volcano due to topographic & vegetative cover differences. If you look at recent research (mostly in Africa) regarding forests & rainfall patterns, you can see how world weather patterns can be easily affected, even wind patterns.
Volcano goes boom...
@@mr.k1611 … 🤣
"What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun".
Coz everything is under the SoL..
Not true. Uranus has sucked-up most of the big asteroids in our solar system. So in that way, life on Earth is safer than before. Volcanoes? At Etna there are trails cleared to direct the lava flow. But big eruptions like this one are still a threat.
That passage of Solomon in Scripture refers to people behavior.
Wow! I was on the edge of my seat through this whole presentation-masterfully done!
Amazing how a person would spend many years of their life deeply investigating a mystery just out of curiosity, that most people would find completely trivial, the hallmark of a good scientist.
What I find interesting is the state of his home library - a mess! Yes, this is a man obsessed! And he solved it!
It's also an effort of cementing oneself in the annals of history
...and this was caused entirely by nature, not by man.
That, and a generous grant
He says only 3 reasons why it happened. How about God's judgment on sinful earth?
This synchronizes with the disappearance of civilizations and cities of South-central America continents.
Thanks for reminding me. Was not the Mayan civilization collapsing around then? Or am I thinking of the 800s?
Lake ilopango
We learned about the “Alta Mira Climate flips” at WSU in the late Sixties. A 300 year flip occurring every 3500 years, lining up with Marduk/Niburu flybys. Ours started around 1970, so we’re fifty years into one. The previous flip is recorded in the Book of the Exodus, KJV. These flips lay waste to civilations, worldwide.
If you’re reading this thank your ancestors who survived this- absolute ballers.
I probably don't have much time left in this world; I fear for my descendants who might have to experience it again when Yellowstone blows.
@@indy_go_blue6048 the original indigenous sovereign americans are our ancestors returned. peace.
light tajiri bey 0988
@@indy_go_blue6048 ø
@Joachim Hans well, current generations are raised by previous generations, so... it says more about them, than our generation.
What a glowing testament to painstaking scientific research! The work of these researchers has made it easy for us to understand historic events in half an hour or so of a globally accessible documentary thanks to the other scientists and engineers who gave birth to the technology powering the internet - and the internet itself.
This is one of the most exciting and informative documentary I've seen. Very interesting and extremely impressive how this event was decoded. Hats off to everyone.
😚
This was so informative, explaining many things I didn't quite understand or tying together all the different ways we date cataclysmic world events(which allow us to understand history in a new light-or is it new darkness?). It is fascinating, thank you!
It's amazing to think we can look back 7500 years from these trees, but it's even more amazing that's barely scratching the surface of the timeline of the earth
Everything is "amazing" apparently.
Thanks!
I will never forget the summer of 1984, in Germany. After having lived in Germany for 20 years, I suddenly experienced a year with no summer at all, with heavy clouds, and overcast; no sun at all! The spring rains just continued right through June, and July. In fact, the rain continued every day, until mid September, when we had about 10 days without rain, and then it started to rain again. The whole year had been cold, and miserable. That autumn, I stood watching as the rain kept falling until, on 3 November, the rain drops suddenly turned into snowflakes! The following winter had heavy snows, right up into April. We saw the first real sunshine in May of 1985. 1984 had been preceded by several significant volcanic eruptions, in Kilauea, and in Alaska, Europe, and Asia, which continued into the early weeks of 1984.
Climate change Ha Ha. The end of the world .
That was likely caused by the eruption of Mount St. Helens, which was very active in the 1980s.
I was in America in 1984 and nothing unusual happened there
@@davidebratton It all started when they stopped teaching the story of Chicken Little in the schools
Hi Kenny !
German guy from close to Friedberg/Frankfurt here.
YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT ! 84 i turned 18 and had my first Motorbike an could not use it !
Hugs from Poland (where i live now since 2019)
PS: Where did you live that time in Germany ?
I know a LOT of GI's from Friedberg and Giessen from this time.
XOXO
This documentary should be mandatorily shown in all schools to teach and remind us all... how fragile we are.
Walt Whitman ova here
I love how we get to come along on the whole journey to find out what happened. Quality documentary!
Yes, keep this video dear. I once had a quality video that went into the great potato famine. (The Year without a Summer). It was deleted from my queue. My shared by text links of it, deleted too. I am hoping this may be the one/that video but so far, I think not. But I am thankful to have discovered this one.
If one's a reader, one knew ahead of time what was coming. I knew about both the eruptions in the nineteenth century, so it stood to reason.
This is one of the best documentaries I’ve seen in a while. I’m in awe of the scientists that have collected all this data and painstakingly put it together. They are the some of the best of humanity. I hope we as a species continue our focus in science and our endless curiosity to know more about the world around us.
The proper use of computers
About a third of the way through, I said to myself: "If they don't mention Krakatoa, I will be sorely disappointed." A fabulous film, this is the best documentary I've seen. Really beautifully done, both in information and style. Years with no sun! Sparked the Dark Ages, I believe. See my analogy! is both on and off the money. "Sparking" something so dark is oxymoronic. But volcanoes are the biggest sparks around.
I thought they'd mention Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. Its eruption in 1991 allowed us to watch volcanic impact on global weather in real time.
Did it? Caused the dark ages did it? That was very prescient of the dark ages to anticipate a 19th century eruption by 1500 years wasn't it?
The documentary presents all like it is a result of one man"s research. It is not. And now we know the answer, it is easier to reason backward by excluding the other logical possibility first.... The history of getting to the truth is usually more complicated.... Take another example, the dinosaurs' demise 60mil years ago.
@anonymouscrank That's correct and had an impact on Global temperature for several
@@valentin5403 I read up on the event after watching this, and apparently some time after they filmed this documentary, geologists ruled out that the 536 event was connected to Krakatoa. The eruption referenced in the Book of Kings mentioned in this video apparently took place a whole century earlier.
This documentary is really well done . It demonstrates the evidence , then what is missing in those sources to help bring a conclusion. Let us hope WWIII does not progress. Wishing you Peace from USA .
It's progressing
When Krakatoa exploded in 1883, the sound was heard about 2,000 miles away in Perth, Australia. So for the Chinese to hear this explosion in 536, it had to be a major eruption of Krakatoa. As I said earlier the eruption had to be a high VEI 7 or 8 and I wouldn't want to be anywhere around it when it exploded.
Excuse my English, I'm deaf and normally don't post because of critics complaining about deaf people.
👍🖖
You write eloquently and precisely..I'm half blind so we make quite a pair. You are not your disability
Your written English is far superior to my ASL.
@@HandlesAreForPussies
LIFELINE cares.....
I'm deaf, too. Perfectly written and explained. Let them complain. You are fine as you are.
Turns out that The Dark Ages were LITERALLY dark! 3 years without a summer! Worldwide famine.
Coming soon every where again
I'll take my chances with warming over extended winter.
Look up the Grand Solar Minimum. I was the Sun.
@@johnparra8388 that was an interesting phenomenon. I think that came later though, if memory serves. It ended right around the time of the medieval warming period as I recall.
@@792slayer the Mini Ice age.
Now the rest of the world knows what it is like to live in scotland
HAHA! Or vancouver
You all live in balmy paradises. Regards from Norway.
Or Minnesota
Do ppl from Norway know ppl in Minnesota call themselves vikings due their predominantly Scandinavian ancestry. They had the chance to go somewhere new...
LOL!
This also happened in 1816, "The year of no summer." Apparently volcano eruptions can spit out so much ash that it blocks out the sun.
Some said it was 1814/5, as the Napoleonic Wars were brought to an abrupt end due to the serious livelihood problems caused by the explosion of Tambora.
The onset of "The Little Ice Age" circa 1285 is interesting from what I've read. Agricultural failures and starvation in central Europe and the sudden cessation of vineyards (previously as far north as Oslo), receded far to the south of France in just a few years..
This happens around solar minimums.
@@jasonyu6649 Krakatoa, Tambora, and Toba. Indonesia's big three.
@@sosoanngeyoutube Samalas/Rinjani more powerfull than Tambora n Kraktoa
All the years I’ve been reading the Arthur story, and I never through about a volcanic eruption shaping the narrative until now.
Hats off to all the human beings that endured such a horrific time in our earths history!
Horrific times currently exist somewhere and will continue to happen but yes we should acknowledge the struggles of our ancestors.
There was a time about 26,000 year ago when humans dwindled to a population of less than 1000. Not well know or recorded obviously. It was noted in several Sumerian epics.
Those people live on is us!
Our species would've went extinct if not for the short time frame and the resilience we as a species have developed.
Worst part about this, there would be literally nothing you could do to prevent something like this from happening again. Nature is a wild beast and we are simply holding on for dear life.
Something like it is happening again and humans are causing it by making massive amounts of CO2 enter the Earths atmosphere. It is called climate change, and it is happening now and will last much longer than 2 years. With 410 parts per million of CO2 our atmosphere is like to was 3 million years ago. Sea Levels were 60 feet higher than now. Slowly worldwide glaciers are melting and even if CO2 were stopped today Sea Levels will raise 60 feet or more. I live about 20 feet above sea level. My hometown, Wilmington, CA, is doomed but I'm 71 years old and wilol be gone by the time it's under water in 40 to 50 years.
100%
Humans are at the mercy of nature.
Let’s went
Apparently your eyes and mind are closed to WEATHER ALTERING and GEOENGINEERING. Wake up!
now this is a good documentary. it walks you through how you know, instead of just claiming the theory.
most documentaries do a slow paced narration like this, but have so little substance. This one actually has substance.
I noticed that, too. There is so much information here, and they even gave credit to the dendrochronologist who created the database. It's very well done.
I’m sorry but there is no firm evidence given here. A gap in carbon data samples of over a thousand years proves nothing. They may be correct but it’s still just a theory without more time correct evidence.
I was at first a little annoyed at the side-tracking of possible meteors or comets, but they gave good evidence to discount them.
Wikipedia has the dating of the Javanese "Book of Kings" account as 'dubious', in that it may refer to 535 CE ... or 416 CE. They also have a 'tentatively dated' list of medieval eruptions, none of which are 1215 CE - 1150 & 1320 are as close as they get.
Scientific discovery usually takes time with many contributing factors but all too often we get an agenda disguised as science.
With all of the droughts, war, faime and diseases, it's very much a miracle that we are here in the 21st century.
I can hereby conclude that humans are A) Related to cockroaches, or B) a virus.
No it is not. Wars and famine account for a smaller fraction of the population than you would expect and disease is barely a blip on the population even massive pandemics barely register
@@Baronstone
Are you kidding me? Ever heard of the Black Plague? Entire villages were wiped out. In fact it was so devastating that it's one of the man reasons that the Mongols were stopped dead in there tracks. It's also how the "Spanish Invasion" of the Caribbean, Central and South America became much easier because the Western Hemisphere had not experienced any of the diseases that Europe and Asia had to suffer through. So these diseases that the Spanish were immuned to overtook every culture that the Spanish encountered, all the way to the Halls of Montezuma. To this day Native Caribbean people hate the name "Christopher Columbus". Disease and Famine obsoletly with the wars, all it would take is one elder in the link in the family tree, that changes us too.
Thank you to all the scientists who put the pieces together. Y'all rock.
Literally rock ..!
"Every little eruption adds more and more rock to the island. Eventually it gets so large it blows itself apart." (40:27) This doco certainly called that right! That's exactly what happened the year after this was posted, in December 2018. The island's still there but a third its old height, with Anak Krakatoa's 338 metre cone having blown itself to bits in what amounted to the deadliest volcanic eruption of the 21st Century so far.
Solution to climate changes demonstrated by Mother Nature, BUT climate scientists refuse to listen. Stating "models do not include process, it's risky. "
@@larrydifran Why do you say they refuse? Most scientists agree climate changes happen from geological or asteroid events. However we are speeding it up rapidly.
Essentially what happens with Krakatoa is as the hot plume below the volcano adds to the calderas available pool of lava pressure is built up because of two things. One is that this particular lava has high moisture content so it has high steam pressure. Then you have the water seeping in through cracks as the living Rock so to speak rises and falls. Eventually enough moisture comes in contact with the lava results in an explosion. It's kind of like I Campi fliagra that surrounds Naples Italy. If you look at the geology of the caldera, and then look at the population concentration, this active volcano could kill millions the next time it goes. Not just in the Naples area but in Europe in general. Super volcano explosion
@@larrydifran What a sweeping, incorrect and insulting comment. Scientists refusing to listen is in the main a nonsense.
@@carolgibson-wilson4354 The " we are speeding it up rapidly" part is the lie though. Water levels are stable, temps etc.
I remember watching a series on this research back in 1999 and then in 2001 on SBS. I was so fascinated, I bought the book and read it cover to cover. The book describes the mass migration of people around the globe. Absolutely fascinating.
Most of the four to five generations alive today have never experienced weather-related migration patterns to the extent our Ice Age ancestors did! They followed the herds and the herds followed the food supply.
They depended on the earth for every bite of food they ate, and would be enraged to see how their descendants have ruined The Mother. Imagine explaining how feed lots work to someone who hunts, stalks and kills the food his family depends on to live!
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Já BBB BB boa BBB14 BBB i JB bi para baixo bbb
What is the name of the book?
@@angelssoul5596 Catastrophye, An Investigation into the Origins of the Modern World by David Keys, published by Ballantine Publishing Group 2002
I was given a copy by my ex, loan it and lost it, so I found this one second hand on-line.
This process has everything I am really interested in.
I just love how Mike Bailey thinks and how he worked this out using tree rings - it’s all of it, it’s so cool. I mean 7,500 years!! How amazing is that?
Jared Diamond explains how scientists have developed several of these fantastic techniques in his book Collapse! If you liked this video, I highly recommend it.
I watched this about 5 years ago here on utube. I'm glad I stumbled across it again. It's very good! Thanks for posting this
These documentaries are really very good, this channel should get at least a million subscribers, thankyou for uploading them.
Yuri Fyodorov Just don’t speak out against Israeli atrocities. Instead do a anti- Russian or anti Iran channel and you’ll make plenty of money. Just my advice 😂
@Yuri Fyodorov Wow, thank you for posting these! Most people want a backup channel, that way each account could remain below 250,000, and you could host across two accounts.
It has nothing to do with isrelili attrocities....it has to do with uploading copyrighted material
Well you got your 1MM subscribers
Its now got 1.2mill
I'm reminded of the quote by the great historian Will Durant -"Civilisation exists by geological consent -subject to change without notice."
When you are so desperate for attention you cut and copy others comments. Absolutely sad and pathetic cry for attention
@@pandemicgrower4212 it wasn’t someone else’s comment he copied. It was his own comment, that he accidentally posted twice. Did you miss the entire 80+ comment thread above?
@@letthedogsout1 nope, stolen from another video. Yet again desperate people on yt... or did you miss that?
Humans: "We have to stop climate change!!"
Mega-volcanos: "Let's see you pathetic apes stop this."
@@peteranderson210 The Lenape legend has it is a gigantic turtle
I believe in climate change:
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Agree! Spending a trillion tax dollars to prevent Climate Change is a total waste! It won’t alter Earth’s temperature. If anything, it has made things worse as it has empowered countries like Iran & Russia who WHOLLY DEPEND on high oil prices to fuel their wars and jihads and make planetary climate conditions worse, not better! Then there are the hidden and largely un-talked about side effects of green energy….the mining of rare earth minerals and their eventual disposal, slave workers etc.
Yeah … it’s taken 60yrs to get the nay sayers to understand they wasted all those years sitting on the fence to see what happens Instead of working to prevent what is happening right now with climate change… just in case … now that the catastrophes are happening almost daily … it’s now almost too little too late …
Bunch of Idiots …
The oldest recorded living tree on record is a Great Bristlecone pine, believed to have a lifespan of over 5,000 years. Located in the White Mountains of California, this unnamed tree is considered the oldest living tree in the world.
After Henry Kissinger and Nancy Pelosi 😊
They named it Methusala 😂
@@typhon800One down.
Wow!
And for a while some wealthy (coal mining) idiots in the 1960/70s tried to cut it down for fuel (coal) … Thank G’d there were enough ecological protester to put a stop to that one with legislation …
We know some people talk to trees but when they talk to us it’s more interesting!
Great show! I miss watching stuff like this on tv when I was a kid.
I used to be glued to NOVA on the PBS station 👍🏼
A cold December morning with a good history documentary was the best!
"During the years 535 and 536 a.d there was a sign from the sun the like of a witch had never been seen or reported before. The sun became dark and its darkness lasted for 18 months. Each day it shunned for about four hours and still this light was only a feeble shadow. Everyone declared that the sun would never recover its full light again." ~ John of Ephesus, Syrian Bishop
NEIN NEIN NEIN 1936 a.d there was a sign from the sun the like of a witch had never been seen or reported before. this is documented people in austria could read news papers at night. ist photo proof. go research it. actual real proof. not your fantasy nonsense, UND this sign was that WW2 was to begin! similar to the red sky china just had another sign the red dragon has returned and ww3 will begin with china invading india. do u know anything?
I went to HHRC school we were taught about the little ice age as well as the volcano that caused it.
There has been more than one, and I have a feeling there have been quite a few caused by volcanic eruptions throughout Earth's history. Immense tsunamis caused by large fault-slippage or sudden subduction events as well. There's no limit to things the Earth's crust can do and no limit to the damage it can cause to things humans build. Global glaciation also grinds to dust everything, and those things go everywhere on the planet, all at once. Humans are feble except for our brains and we need to find a new home.
I had just said that very thing. Why do so many people that believe we can change the climat? Why does Joe Biden think he can change it just by shutting down fuel plants? How many miles to the gallon is Joe going to get from his electrical plane? Really carry around spare batteries while he flies everywhere in the world? And how many miles can he get to one charge? Where are these stations located since he's shut down our power grid? How long is it going to take to charge one and does anybody think it's going to be free? It's going to cost more to charge your car than to fill it up with gas four times. But it's saving the planet. Yeah right. There have been changes throughout the planet such as the ice age as you mentioned. Jurassic period, what killed the dinosaurs could Joe Biden have stopped that s***? He thinks he can! Let's shut down all the oil producers in the United States and buy it from our enemies. We should be able to get it from our enemies for free. That what he thinks? I'm sorry I rattled on. And I'm sure that I offended some people and I hate that but this is the way I feel.
I remember being taught about the little ice age !!
HRCC my bad
@@Nemesis1ism --- Ham Radio Crash Course? Hampton Roads Convention Center? Inane acronyms just show laziness and contempt.
This is a marvelous example of how the scientific process is to work. Unlike the "examples" we have experienced recently.
What recent examples do you mean? I have a suspicion that you like this example because it lines up with things you already believe, but you dislike others because they don't.
That's not a problem with science - it's a problem with arbitrary limits you've placed on what you're willing to accept from science.
@@CornerCaseStudio I am simply stating that when the facts coming out of research line up with the premise stated, it creates confidence in that premise.
When the facts of research fail this, scientists will seek to modify the premise. Pseudo-science will repeat the premise more loudly and support government intervention to insure the failed premise is the one that is accepted.
@@TimothyHathaway Fine, granted... sometimes this has been a pattern, although it tends to be quickly corrected by follow-up research. Charlatans tend to be rooted out in science.
The question remains though: what recent examples? I'm curious what prompted your initial comment. To what "pseudo-science" do you refer? Because many people these days are labeling legitimate science as "pseudo" simply because they don't like the results.
@@CornerCaseStudiohe is obviously referring to the crazy climate hysteria that HAS slanted data to reach the wanted conclusions
The funny thing about the Arthur legend also is that, the land, trees and forest all died right towards the end of Arthur's life!!! Which fits PERFECT in this time period!!!
Yes. King Arthur historians refer to this time....
There are lots of programs for ring pattern matching (see CDendro for instance). Each year, trees grow in diameter and produces new wood in a layer just beneath the bark called the cambium. In the spring when moisture surges, the cells of a tree expand quickly. Over the course of the summer as the ground becomes drier, the cells begin to shrink. This change in cell size is visible in tree-rings, or growth-rings. Natural tree variation, sudden climate changes or if a tree is planted near a creek or a river, for example, it may get so much water (and water is what makes those little tree cells expand) that the rings no longer equate to each year elapsed (81). But for the 40% that are datable, counting the rings on a sample tells dendrochronologists how old the tree was when it was cut down. However, counting alone does not tell dendrochronologists what time period the tree is from. To find that out, scientists must focus on the pattern of rings rather than number of them.
Tree rings develop in the same pattern (e.g., wide ring, wide ring, narrow ring, wide, narrow, etc.) in all trees across the same climate or region. Scientists identify these patterns by laying a strip of graph paper across a sample, and marking only the narrow rings. This is called skeleton plotting (82) . This method works because of the human brain's aptitude for recognizing patterns. Humans are actually, "much better at that than computers are".
Thanks
A great documentary, about topics that are very rarely, if ever, heard in public discourse about climatology. One does wonder why these rarely make the discussion about our global climate experience, noting it is such as hot topic presently?
They very well could be old mining piles from the old world full of chemicals that combine and explode.
There is no public discourse just imposed narrative. If there was an open and honest debate the AGW crowd would be blown out because of questions they can’t answer. Michael Mann is a perfect example. The rest of us are not sophisticated enough to understand his hockey stick graph cited by Al Gore’s fraud.
I remember when mt.st.helens exploded, we were leaving england to go to ireland on holiday when the sky went dark as night at noon, pitch black, the ash had gone high in the atmosphere which then moved around the world
Volcano are an amazing geological nature but damn they’re terrifying some days one of them could perhaps do huge damage to our civilization
And we can’t control it no matter what politicians try to sell.
Nature is king
Medieval historian Micahel McCormick, a Harvard archaeologist and chair of the Harvard University Initiative for the Science of the Human Past, explained to Science: "It was the beginning of one of the worst periods to be alive, if not the worst year," McCormick speaks of the ill-fated year of 536.(2018)
Just wait until 2030. You will own nothing, but will you be happy?
@@andrewmiller6663 Are you clairvoyant? Try being more optimistic.
@@karenharper2266Nope, not clairvoyant, the World Economic Forum has told us. Good luck. By the way, hope is not a plan.
@@andrewmiller6663 That’s only what “they” think... will happen.. WE can’t let it happen! 👍🏼
I have had Keys' book since it was published in 1999 and have read it several times. It always seemed a fairly important idea and his research seems detailed indeed. What puzzles me most is that despite looking for it over 20 years, I have never seen any serious follow up to either challenge or confirm it. I find that a big negative for historians of the time.
Go to SuspiciousObservers UA-cam channel or don't. Remember that Conspiracy Theory is just a fun fact that hasn't been proven to be correct YET. If you go there, you'll find the answer. You might even put 2 and 2 together as to the desperation of the WEF for a one world government, their words. Get ready.
Is it in the bible?
What was the pharaoh of egypt at the tme?
@@franciscorompana2985 great question. The books contained in the Bible were finalized at the council of Hippo in 393 AD. The last book written was Revelation, which was composed around 95 AD. Some Christians hold to the belief that we are currently living in the End Times and that the events of revelation 8 could have been prophetic regarding the darkening of the sun in 536 AD.
@@franciscorompana2985 This is 536 AD. How could it be in the Bible???
Dendrochronology has been an accepted science in forestry since at least 1870. Yes, making a computer record of the dendrochronology developed dramatically in the 1980s with access to desktop computers and data storage. In the mid-1980s, 35 years ago, we were doing much of this in my Forestry degree. We could do all of this except not so computer automated. This is a very interesting subject, but the thoughts that this is new is very wrong. Dendrochronology is a well established science.
The recent news is that the origin of this disaster is probably the El Salvador Volcano's Ilopango lake : the time is right, from the work of Robert A. Dull, University of Texas at Austin in 2010 and later works in 2015
Goblin2 bis Thanks for the info, I'll look it up.
Slappy ok, this was quite an extraordinary event
I think that it's the same, not the Krakatoa eruption (I think this was later, by 3 centuries).
@@slappy8941 I saw a documentary about the eruption in C America, which of course, spread to Europe, where it destroyed the crops of the Norse, which led them to leave their countries for Ireland, etc...
Checking the mineralogy of the volcanic ash can determine which volcano was responsible. The evidence for Krakatau is much strongerm but that isn't to say there wasn't a series of eruptions in different locations around the same time. The are going through such a phase now in Indonesia with several volcanoes over the past few years, plus volcanoes being active in Centeal America too.
All of this makes me cringe to think about the Yellowstone Caldera. 😬
I was living in Rapid City SD when Mt. Saint Helens blew. As noted, should an explosive eruption occur that will be the end for most of USA. No sense in worry about what one cannot change or predict.
Yellowstone is at least 100,000 years from being due for an eruption. Stop looking at just the last 3 eruptions it had and look at its entire history. When you do, you begin to understand that it isn't "due" for an eruption anytime in the near future.
@@Baronstone
I had read the Turtledove trilogy. Yikes 😬
@@Baronstone It probably isn't due for another Eruption for 100k years give or take 100k years.
@@abacab87
If you take away 100k years from 100k years, that equals zero, that would mean an eruption happens NOW or a year from now!
I am going by memory, but a few years ago, National Geographic has a cover story on Yellowstone that indicated the dates of the previous eruptions.
Wikipedia shows the last three eruptions were this many years ago:
(A) 2.1 million years
(B) 1.3 million years
(C) 630,000 years ago
Thus, there were 800,000 years between "A" and "B"
and 670,000 years between "B" and "C".
Thus, if there is 670,000 years between "C" and the next eruption ("D"), since "C" was 630,000 years ago, then "D" happens in 670,000 less 630,000 or in 40,000 years, in 42020 AD.
The question I have is what was the alignment of the planets during these events? Gravitational pull of the planets has been connected with earthquakes. Is it possible that it is also connected with volcanic eruptions? Could it also predict the magnitude of eruptions? They talk about when eruptions have occurred, but they don't seem concerned about the cause of the eruptions.
The atmosphere is terrifying. Exquisitely produced documentary
Who ever told you that climate stability was for this planet, do you know of any other planet with climate stability? We are lucky to have what we got.
I like your approach. These words are true.
Actually, the Earth is EXTREMELY stable compared to other planets. Our Sun for example is very uncommon in its stability. About 75% of stars in our Galaxy are Red Dwarfs, which flare up all the time, and would make it almost impossible for life to survive.
The Earth's orbit is almost a perfect circle with only 3.2% difference between max (aphelion) and min (perihelion) distance to the Sun, so the overall temperature if taking into account North and South hemispheres, stays very constant throughout the year. The seasonal change of weather is mostly because of the Earth's 23 degrees inclination, and not because of orbit.
The gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus deflect rogue asteroids and comets, and have protected the inner solar system from major strikes. And the moon has done the same for the smaller close encounters.
And the Earth's molten iron core, produces a magnetic shield that has prevented life and DNA from being destroyed by cosmic rays.
Just think about the fossil record, and how something as fragile as life has been able to survive on this planet for so long. Imagine the whole Earth staying for just a year below 0 degrees Celsius - all life on the surface would have frozen. Now imaging if the temperature rose about 40 degrees Celsius for just a year - all life on land would have perished. That in itself is a testament to how stable the Earth's climate has been.
So all in all, the Earth's climate, is FAR MORE STABLE than most other planets out there.
So true, it drives me crazy when people talk about climate change! Our climate has never stopped changing for as long as earth has been a planet! It’s human arrogance that makes us believe we have anything to do with it! Did humans cause this? Did humans cause Krakatoa? Mount Saint Helen? The planet has been a ball of lava! It’s been a ball of ice! It’s had hot times, cold times, at one point we had 1 big continent! Did humans cause Pangea to fall apart and create 7 different continents out of one giant landmass?? This planet goes through a drastic climate change every 20,000 years and it’s been about 20,000 since the last major shift! Get ready
I don't think it's luck. If there wasn't close to this much stability, we wouldn't be around to think these thoughts.
@@jumpinjohnnyruss agree. This is the Rare Earth Hypothesis 🌎. And there is a lot of evidence that points to it being correct. We might actually be alone in the universe, or at least in our galaxy. This is the most obvious solution to the Fermi Paradox.
This sounds like every summer in Ireland.
Bwhahahahahahaahahahaa!!!
Hahah!!
lordlynchy No, it sounds like every summer in Los Angeles.
My summers in Ireland were hot, warm, and the kids played endlessly. Er...also, the odd hurricane... ;)
Not this year? :)
Great content. Informative and enlightening. Thank you!
It was Tambora in 1815 that "changed the world", 1816 is known as "year without summer". Historically, it was the most extreme volcano aftermath globally: extreme weather for 3 years, no sun for a year, no crops, mass starvation of humans and animals all over the world, disease... This year was factored in as a catalyst for later pandemics in Europe!
Idiot, go back another 4200 years for a real cataclysm. 1815 was a cakewalk compared to that one.
We worry more about the Phlegrean fields at Naples than about Yellowstone, the time being...Thank you for an excellent documentary!
So true. Yellowstone will be an extinction event. Climate change is moot.
Yellowstone would create an ice age, and starve 90% of worlds population, it's caldera is 80 miles long and 50 miles wide.i live 250 miles from it and would die from initial blast even though I'm upwind from it.(west) by northwest
@@stevemace1725 Stay safe. Taupo is on the rise, too. The grand solar minimum and the magnetic polar reversal may become very threatening to mankind. We can only hope to get through this disaster cycle, as much aware and prepared as possible. In the end, the universe is our master, and for me, it is all God’s will...Yes, I prep. And I pray. Blessings from France and a safe and happy Christmas.
When Krakatoa blew the effects were felt worldwide. It's ash covered the whole world. It destroyed the entire island as well as the life on nearby islands. It caused tsunamis and earthquakes before the entire island sank. It was compared to the force of a hundred or more Atomic bombs. I haven't any idea how many nuclear bombs it would take to do the same damage worldwide.
Krakatau.
And yet Tambora dwarfed it only decades prior.
@@tenkloosterherman According to the Wiki Krakatoa is the correct spelling.
1883 eruption of Krakatoa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
@@michaelrussell6661 The real name is Krakatau, but due to error during reporting of the event by British newspaper, it became Krakatoa
@@SaoGage Which eruption are you referring to?
if i remeber correctly, Professor Mike Rampino did some deep research about mass extinction, global warming or cooling caused by volcanic eruptions. we need more scientists like these. its fascinating and interesting to see their results and how (for everyone plausible and understandable) things happened long long ago.
I've heard the comet theory before, but krakatoa blowing its top works too. This eruption must have made 1883 look like like a firecracker compared to a neutron bomb.
Toba was bigger still. It just happens that Krakatoa was the loudest noise ever recorded, with around 45 cubic kilometers of material expelled; but Toba was several orders of magnitude bigger, with some 2800 cubic kilometers expelled. Then you've got Tambora, about half the volume of Toba expelled, but still big enough to cause the world problems..
@@janspup6232 Actually that theory has pretty much been disproven, as there seems to be no real narrowing in the gene pool at all.
@@janspup6232 Yeah, you'd hate my family's Christmas, then.
@@Leyrann I'd be interested in your source, if seen several documentaries to the contrary, i think if any supervolcano were to erupt to would have to some effect of the hominids of that particular era, but unlike i lot of people i don't have an ego that won't allow them to admit when they're wrong. When your girlfriend has more black belts than you have socks and is a military trained sniper, it changes things--i feel much safer at dinner.
@@LQOTW haha, not true, I'm actually more into astrophysics, but i find all sciencetific disciplines interesting.
Going back in time, we see large climatic rhythms. A deep temp trough with the worst being the 1600s. Where floe ice so tightly surrounded Iceland, one year, that fishing fleets couldn't leave Reykjavik that year. Long-term cooling had already been underway for centuries. But a recent study suggests an exacerbating factor: the 1500s-early 1600s death of many Amerindians, their farm land reverting to forests, creating a giant carbon sink, chilling the atmosphere.
Farther back in time is a long warm spell. Vikings lived in Greenland--in land-based agriculture, with enough grass for their herds--for 4 centuries. They even had trees.
Going back roughly a 1000 more years is Hadrian's Wall, with nearby vineyards.That was the peak of Roman Empire power, in a several-centuries warm spell.
In between--related to this documentary--was a long-term cold spell. That was under way well before 536AD. Goths, Visigoths, and Vandals invaded Western Europe, because of cooling-related lost grazing land, a century earlier. Starting the dark ages, back then.
But the 536AD event, making a cold era even colder, would have exacerbated the cold trend. Making the dark ages even darker. Very catastrophic, to already infrastructure-weakened European peoples.
The idea that changes in the miniscule amount of cultivation accomplished by amerindians could affect global weather patterns is laughable. Cultivation by these primitive people was exclusively limited to stream banks and flood plains. It wasn't anything close to the near-industrial farming performed in Europe at the same time.
@@shimmyshimmyko-ko-bop594Possibly greater cultivation in Central and South America but I agree, not enough to effect the global climate.
I suddenly want to go outside and idle my car engine. Warming the Earth a degree or two seems far preferable to cold events.
"So what caused this massive change in climate?"
Title: When a super-volcano erupted in the middle ages
Me: I think I've cracked this
The problem is that there wasn't a VEI 8 eruption during the middle ages so there wasn't a super eruption!
What? You mean it wasn't the giant factories and cars that the middle ages had in abundance?
@@Chrisfragger1 hahaha best comment this month.
Stupid democrat money-sucking rumors
*SPOILER ALERT!* 📢
@@Baronstone Not just Supervolcanoes have "super" eruptions. So one doesn't have to be a VEI 8, to have a big enough explosion to affect the global climate.
This event likens to the year 1816 ("The Year Without Summer"). That wasn't a Supervolcanic (VEI 8) eruption either. But it sure did f*ck up global temperatures for around the same stretch of time as this event did. That eruption, I believe, was from the volcano known as Tambora.
When the Tonga eruption happened a couple of years ago, we heard the boom in Auckland NZ over 2000 kms away.
So well done, thank you. Man thinks he’s so smart and along comes Mother Nature who says “; look what I can do you puny ants”. Just look at the Icelandic volcano- still going in all it’s terrifying beauty 🇦🇺🇦🇺
Quite simple: if that happened in the past, that will happen in the future
@@inniscognito2251 that's for sure.....
i love seeing disaster films where the entire human race gets humbled..... we've grown into such a cocky and confident society, but we forget that we are not masters of our own fate......
Yep. We have just been damn lucky so far.
@@daveatlarge5030 I I
It's beginning just now!
Immanuel Velikovskis book entitled "Worlds in Collision" Is one of the most amazing books I have read on this topic. It was written in the 50's and it covers a world wide disaster from many of the major nations all over the world.
Yes all of this only makes sense if the classical ages is real and geologic and biological time as academia knows it is false.
It was also mostly fantasy.
@@jessepollard7132 Read it as well as all his other books and you discover that he quoted from a multitude of major civilizations they were all saying the same thing at the same time in history...no postal service, internet, phones or radio 1500 years ago.
@@binderdundit228 Couldn't handle the BS he kept promoting. After one other book I quit.
@@jessepollard7132 Quitter!
Those early 2000s graphics and brick computers. Takes me back.
Try the eighties pal
I think we need the reminder that, as important as it is to take the best care of our environment that we can, ultimately we don't control nature--in fact, it seems that the more we try to fix things, the more we actually end up messing them up. The climate has gone through extreme cycles long before the industrial revolution and will continue to do so, whether we help it or not.
Exactly. I think this type of catastrophe will harm us long before “man made climate change.” People are so stupidly arrogant about their ability to control nature.
@@skeptigal8899 In their arrogance they lap it up like milk when politicians sell some new “method” of controlling nature. Their minions screech to help advertising the new method.
Yes: we little pond scum are far too insignificant to ever have any lasting effect on our climate. Global warming, or Climate Change, are controlled by systems that are so large that we can't even comprehend them.
Once I visited the active volcano Etna, I realized how small humanity is while nature is huge and so powerful.
And Amazon is soon burned
It would be interesting to analyze Huon pine trees in Tasmania Australia. Some of these trees are two thousands years old.
And were chopping them down ( or we've chopped them down )and turned them into toilet paper. Think how clean the air was in Tasmania. People live longer down there ( I'm Tasmanian blood)
The Bristlecone Pines of California aren't too shabby either - considering their age.
Let's go this weekend! I am game to go do some research in Australia!
Old Tjikko, Sweden, 9 550 years old.
And then there's nutters who believe the Earth was 'created' 6 000 years ago.
One of them is an Aussie living in the US. He's got a creation 'museum' in Petersburg, Kentucky.
@@matsjonsson9492 yea he says that humans and dinosaurs lived side by side i think his exhibit is dangerous to teach to all the young children who take field trips there every year
I love the passion you have for your topic, it's infectious! I love how informative your videos are, I always learn something new. Thank you so much! I'm looking forward to the next episodes!
The worst thing to me would be not knowing why all those terrible things were happening.
Repent! The end is nigh! Said all the preachers of the time no doubt.
Preachers always preach about the end but the end never comes.
I was doing quite a bit of photography the year Mt St Helen had its debut and it was the best year for sunsets ever, this was in the south of England, it wasn't a huge eruption by comparison and I was half a world away.
I wonder how prepared we are today for something similar, our technology would help but millions would die before it was over.
I am guessing it world be a terribly bad event since most of the world isn't prepared for a catastrophic event of this magnitude. Considering everything we see on the news about water, food, baby formula shortages; issues with possible power grid failures and infrastructure issues, it looks pretty grim BEFORE such a catastrophic event...
@@rowangreymantle I think after such an event the biggest problem for the human race would be WHO survived!, in the days of ugg it would have been the young and fit, those that could breed, but today we would have sleazy politicians and their hangers on, the rich who could buy their way in, invariably all chosen with no view to maintaining the species, in the film 2012 I would have had two lists, the first, those that were approached to finance the arks and a second list of young useful people, and when the call came most of the first would come second, in the new world you need strong backs and breeders, not exactly PC for today but in the world of tomorrow its what would be needed. Unfortunately the reality would be our race would survive the Apocalypse only to die out in political squabbling☺.
@@rowangreymantle Sounds like a biblical event - like what is described in Revelation Chapter 16. A third of the Earth is destroyed, the Sun scorches those remaining, and then the greatest earthquake in history.
@@ktrimbach5771 k,!
I just hope I'll go fast. Not in any physical shape to endure hardships like that.
It's scary that this can happen again at any number of high populated places on earth at any given second. But, for some reason we've programmed ourselves that they only happened in the past.
Watch out for the Phlegraean Fields, just west of Naples. It is a large region of supervolcanic calderas, which is at ground level. The Romans considered it the entrance to the underworld, because of the numerous fumaroles which belch steam and pools of boiling mud. If it goes, Naples and environs will be toast. Vesuvius, just around the bay, is nowhere near as big a threat.
we are just guests on this planet, and this docu is just fantastic....we are nothing....
Just giant naked rats soon destroyd only planet living
Earth is our home and the place we, humans, were born. Maybe those "we" you are referring to are extraterrestrials?
We are children of God.
Earth is the stomping ground to see if one sides with the truth of God or lies of Satan.
There are several ICE CORES DATING TYPES
1) Annual layer count: The basis of this method is to look for elements that vary with the seasons in a constant way (they depend on the temperature, colder in winter and warmer in summer; and solar irradiation, lower in winter and more in summer).
2) Use predetermined ages as markers: Pre-determined ages are used for several points in the ice core. The main advantage of these methods is that they can be completed relatively quickly. The main disadvantage is that if the default age markers are incorrect, the age assigned to the ice core will also be incorrect.
3) Radioactive dating of gaseous inclusions: relies totally in validity of radiometric methods.
amount of gases {and assuming radiometric dating is a valid method}.
4) Ice flow calculation: the length of the ice core is measured and computes how many years it must have taken for a glacier of that thickness to form. This is the most INACCURATE of the methods used to date ice cores. First one must know how the thickness of the annual layer changes with depth. After this, some assumptions should be made about the original thickness of the annual layer to date (the
amount of precipitation that fell on the area in a year).
That said, calculation of ice flows is not only inaccurate as orthodox scientists recognize, but it is reckless given the amount of assumptions it makes (such as a rate of 1 layer of firn per year). Regarding the direct count of annual layers, they admit that elements
whose variations are constant and consistent are necessary, such as seasonal cycles, stability of the lithosphere and the electrical charge of the atmosphere and the ionosphere.
Scientists had correlated the peaks in the average acidity of the annual layers from 553 to 1972 AD, with historical volcanic events. About a dozen historical volcanic eruptions are evident in the ice core of Crete in central Greenland.
It's claimed that the deep ice sheets are 160,000 years ago from the interpretation of Antarctica ice core of almost 2,100 meters long in a region where the total thick is 3600 m. However, such estimates are based on the assumption that the accumulation rate has not changed much in the past.
The technique used to estimate the age of a deep ice sheet is to measure its O18 content and calculate the atmospheric temperature that is observed to produce such concentrations today (28). Through a second known relationship between temperature and precipitation rate, observed again in the current atmosphere, the accumulation rate for a given layer is calculated (29). These methods and techniques would be reliable if they could be supported by markers such as volcanic eruptions, of which there are only a few thousand years record, or if the
accumulation rates had been constant over long periods of time in the past, which is very doubtful.
And you felt the need to write this dissertation because...?
@@apollofell3925 Just dating info about "science" assumptions. You might just need it to make up your minds...
One of the most fascinating documentaries ever !
Thank you for sharing this insight and for the work you’ve done
The two tree ring researchers are heroes to me.
A large asteroid impact can trigger volcanic eruptions at its antipode. The theory goes that many of the flood basalt eruptions were initially triggered by impact events at their antipodes. Especially the Deccan Traps. The hotspot that formed the traps has its antipode on the Yucatan Peninsula, which has an impact crater from an event believed to have triggered something akin to an atomic winter. Many scientists now accept that the two events happened in very close proximity to one another on the timeline, and are thus related.
The sound of Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai erupting was heard literally all around the world. People reported it as far away as Yukon, Canada. The eruption was a high end VEI 4, but it was loud because it was partially submerged, meaning some of that noise was water flashing to steam. The VEI 6 eruption of Krakatoa in 1883 was at least equally as loud, because it too was partially submerged. There's something about flashing seawater to steam that helps amplify the sound of a volcano's explosive eruptions. So the volcano they're looking for is probably its own island. Or was, until the eruption. In order to have the meteorological impact that it did, it would have to be a mid-level VEI 7. And yes, Krakatoa is known to be capable of VEI 7 eruptions.
"The theory goes that many of the flood basalt eruptions were initially triggered by impact events at their antipodes."
That's nonsense, utterly ignorant of scale and cause-and-effect. There's nothing to focus the effect of an impact at its antipode.
@@gandydancer9710 Do you know how we figured out what the inside of the earth is like? Earthquakes. How did we use earthquakes? Because energy waves can pass through the mantle and core, even to the antipode of the epicenter, and be picked up and read by seismometers. Impact events generate very specific types of energy waves. Now, if an impact event sends that much energy through the earth, does it not stand to reason that it can loosen fault lines or even generate small bulges in the mantle? Have you never heard of a Newton's cradle?
@@AtarahDerek Don't tell me things I already know. Read what I wrote:
(1)"That's nonsense, utterly ignorant of scale and cause-and-effect."
In scale the Earth is smoother than a billiard ball. Got that? Mt. Everest is an almost undetectable defect in the paint. So, no, something in the relative size of a a fleck of paint hitting one side of the Earth is not going to crack the paint on the other side.
No matter how fast it's traveling.
(2) BECAUSE "There's nothing to focus the effect of an impact at its antipode." Instead the shock, such as it is, will be dissipated through the entire massive volume of the Earth. There's no rigid pole (or lined up sequence of metal balls, as in the Newton's Cradle analogy) to transmit any shock from one side of the Earth to a single point on the other side.
What about this are you not getting?
@@gandydancer9710 The part where you ignore sound science demonstrating that earthquakes are detectable at their antipode. If they can be felt, then their trigger can be as well. Also the part where that fleck of paint is hitting that billiard ball at mach 5,000 and somehow not having any effect on the ball's surface except locally. And the part where you fail to notice that the sources of some LIPs are precisely opposite the original impact points of large comets or asteroids, and are said even by evolutionary geologists to date to around the same time as said impact events. The Deccan Traps, for instance? They started at the antipode of the Chicxulub crater in Mexico. Whether that impact event triggered or merely intensified those flood basalt eruptions, the fact remains that it did affect them.
@@AtarahDerek I didn't ignore your arguments, I debunked them. You, on the other hand, chose to completely ignore the points I made about scale and LACK OF A FOCAL MECHANISM. The interior of the Earth is a viscous magma (kept hot and viscous by radioactive decay) in a shell of cooler material. I can't help it if you think some array of Newton's Cradles is a better model for that than, say a tough weather balloon filled with a viscous liquid, but I WILL roll my eyes.
I specifically said "No matter how fast it's traveling" because, no, mach 350 (where did you get 5,000???) won't make up for the ratio of masses of the two objects.
The Deccan Traps are located at circa 17-24°N, 73-74°E. The coordinates of the Chicxulub crater are 21°24′0″N 89°31′0″W. Both are in the northern hemisphere and obviously, therefor, not antipodal.
Also the Traps are a bit older than the meteor impact. Cause must precede effect in this universe.
Absolutely brilliant documentary.
This could happen to us again anytime.
Tiny, Don't worry. AOC, and all who follow her, will continue to pursue and halt any existential climate threat.
Thing with this is that they immediately zeroed in on Krakatoa because it's so recognisable. If you listen to what is being read from the Javanese writings, they state that the islands of Java and Sumatra were originally one island.
The closest coastal areas of the two islands do have the remains of what appears to be a blown-up volcanic island almost directly in the middle, and it's called Sangiang, as well as a random rock cliff to the North East of it called Pulau Tempurung, and another group of islands to the NW, just off the coast of Sumatra. There's also a large depression in the seabed in the middle of all of this.
My bet is that there was originally a large volcano there spanning the 2 islands and joining them together and it was that one that blew up.
Maybe but then maybe not. There was also a large volcano that erupted in New Zealand.
the one that blew up is actually what is left of Lombok which apparently was twice the size of today's Rinjani
Or maybe the culprit vulcano was not in that area at all?
Maybe it was the Ilopango in El Salvador which erupted around 500-540 a. d.
@Pazoozoo ua-cam.com/video/ni1JtlXKIM4/v-deo.html
That's a very good point.
@@Maridun50 the problem is that there are studies that shows that Ilopango erupted ~100 years earlier (around 431). I still think Krakatoa is the cause of this event
Really astonishing research work. Congratulations.