The White Terror during the Russian Civil War
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- Опубліковано 31 бер 2023
- During the Russian Civil War the White Terror (Белый Террор) occured. The Whites carried out a campaign of violence against anyone they deemed to be a threat to their cause. This included not only Bolsheviks, but also other left-wing groups, as well as civilians who were suspected of supporting the Bolsheviks. The White Terror also targeted peasants and workers, who were often seen as potential Bolshevik supporters. The Whites carried out mass executions of civilians, burned villages, and destroyed crops in order to undermine Bolshevik support in rural areas. Many Jews fell victim to the White Terror as it was believed they were behind the Bolshevik terror.
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SOURCES
- White Terror. Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian (Jamie Bisher).
- Russia in Flames. War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914 - 1921 (Laura Engelstein).
- A People's Tragedy. A History of the Russian Revolution (Orlando Figes).
- Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928 (Stephen Anthony Smith).
IMAGES
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
VIDEO
Video material from:
• Admiral Kolchak Visits...
Admiral Kolchak Visits Omsk during the Russian Civil War - HD/Colorized/60FPS with AI
• Russian Civil War (5/5)
Russian Civil War (5/5)
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Red Terror under Lenin:
ua-cam.com/video/0aJW5bIPFFw/v-deo.html
Nice video, Stefan! By the way, our friend TIKhistory mentioned you in his video "The REAL Reason Germany Kept Fighting". I think your thesis and his are coherent and complementary. Germany between 1933 and 1945 was a messianic state, that's why they kept fighting until the bitter end too.
Obrigado! ヽ(͡◕ ͜ʖ ͡◕)ﾉ 🍀 🇧🇷
The Russian Civil War was absolutely insane. A lot of people think the Spanish Civil War was complex, with direct help from various countries, as well as many volunteer units from even more countries. It's nothing compared to the Russian Civil War, which had all that, and much, much more.
Things got so bad in russian civil war, that you would actually see more states independent from even inside of the modern russia borders compared to spanish civil wars simple aid states
The conquests are unbelievable.
Dope! In my School they never mention that! Still thank you for your hard work.
Thanks for watching!
guess why
My grandparents left Russia as white Russians, my grandfather was a Cusack cavalry comander for the palace.
So wealthy lol
i wouldn't brag about it
Where did they go?
@@yoohootube how us he bragging?
Outstanding!
My favorite channel! Keep it up👍
😁😁😁
Baron Ungern Von Sternberg was an extremely interesting case!
Indeed. Brutal man.
He was a real sweet heart. hahahaha!
One of my favorite psychopaths!!!
Some of the Mongols actually believed he was "the second coming" of Genghis Khan.
Great video Steffan. I have read quite a bit around the Russian Revolution, having the good fortune to have been educated in the 1970's in England when industrial and social strife meant that many people were looking for and fighting for alternatives to capitalism. The Communist Party of Great Britain was still very influential and received funding from the still extant USSR. I became interested in the anarchist movement, and read with interest the history of the Makhnovist movement in the Ukraine. I never heard of anti-semitism within the anarchist ranks. Indeed Makhno counted many Jews among his military staff like Shuss and Eichenbaum. Makhno even executed a "Green" partisan general for acts of terror against Jews. Have you come across historical sources which suggest otherwise?
Proudhon and Bakunin were two of the first self-proclaimed anarchists in Europe and sadly internalized many of the anti-Semitic,homophobic and misogynistic prejudices of their time. Indeed, they were called out for the hypocrisy of claiming to be anarchists whilst holding such bigoted opinions by contemporaries such as DeJacque,Goldman,Berkman and Tolstoy.
Great topic. Kudos to you for covering the eccentric and fascinating Von Sternberg. He's a story in himself!
Thanks for watching.
He was a nutcase, but a very interesting nutcase, none the less!!
@jan - I wouldn't call psychopath Von Sternberg eccentric or fascinating hahaha. Evil, repulsive and criminally insane are much more accurate
Stefan, Great nugget of lost and forgotten history ❤ Thxs
Many thanks Jesse!!
"I'm gonna bring Hinduism to Mars"
"What?"
"Also, I'm an evil bastard."
"Oh. Okay..."
Lol.
Nice work Stefan! I like your videos!
👍👍👍
Unfortunately so side comes out of war with clean hands💔
Indeed...
Excellent as always!
😎👍
Great video friend!❤🎉
👍👍👍
Interesting perspective and good video!
Thanks once else 👍
Excellent video thank you.
👍
Very informative 👌
Thanks!
Interesting and thorough video.
Thank you Jonathan.
What does SR ("SR-dominated" @12:11) stand for? Thanks!
Socialist-Revolutionaries: were basically the communists who believed the peasants had to carry out the revolution. More on them here:
ua-cam.com/video/5eQlzlksd4w/v-deo.html
@@HistoryHustle
I wouldn't call them "communist"
Excellent. Thanks. BZ
Video on the Allie intervention sometime?
For sure. One day!
11:50 an informative quote.
👍
Brilliant work as usual.
Cheers!
Thanks for posting Stefan. Another interesting War story of 2 enemies who were equally as horrific as each other. And the Red Terror was no worse than 500 years of Czars Terror. Or... Stalins Terror, or the Nazi Terror or the Vichy Terror, Japanese Army Terror, Israeli Terror, Isis Terror etc etc......and the list is endless :)
U.S. terror around the world since the end of World War II.The terror of the British against the Boers, the terror against India, the terror of Spain in the Americas against the indigenous population, as well as the Inquisition inside Spain, you can not even stutter about the terror of the Germans, etc.
Капиталистический мировой террор…
@@user-ci3nm3gt8c buffoon.
"Who were equally as horrific as each other" BAHAHHAHAHAHHAHAHA
Ахахахха "500-ий царский террор"
Leuk dit weer te zien vooral omdat je mijn oude meester bent geweest op de middelbare
Wat lachen. Naam komt me bekend voor... Culemborg of Wageningen?
@@HistoryHustle ik zat op het pantarijn in Wageningen bij u in de klas tof om te zien dat u zo groot bereik heeft en nog steeds zo enthousiast als vroeger
Does anyone know about pytor wrangel and his troops?
Good question, anyone?
I found an original paper where a dozens of his officers name list and they settled down here in Hungary...
@@csabafamin2277 I have heard they first went to Constantinople, no?
@@namhochoi8829 I know, but some of them ended up in Hungary too...
@@csabafamin2277 more you learn...
Ungern-Sternberg was one of the oddest characters of the war. Supposedly, he had a fascination with the ancient Mongols, and thought he had Ghengiz Khan blood in his genes. You have to wonder, besides his obvious psychoses, how this made him behave with such brutality, to be like his perceived ancestor. Anyway, did Semyanov go to China because of the ding dong at 11:44? Should Ungern-Sternberg and Semyanov really be considered Whites, though? They come off more as opportunists making their own little empires, and just using the White cause as a banner to justify their actions. Kolchak, Wrangel, Deniken, Yudenich were actually FIGHTING the Reds, where Ungern-Sternberg and Semyanov seemed to be fighting for themselves. In the end, it's no wonder more and more people supported the Reds, when what the Whites offered was nothing better, and often worse. Finaly, will you ever be doing a short history video in Dutch, so I can practice my limited Dutch with something interesting to listen to? Take it easy.
Ungern-Sternberg for sure. As much as he was a brutal warlord later on, he was also a fanatical monarchist. Believing Tzar to be "apointed by the god." Prime reason for him joining the whites was restoration of the monarchy and hate of the bolsheviks. He did fought them till the end, albeit later using terror tactics. He was for one odd and interesting character of the war I agree.
Long-suffering. Poor country and its people... Russia
Sad history yes.
Как в наших "либеральных" фильмах)) "Несчастная страна! Несчастный народ!"😏
Mhm, one half is imprisoned, the other - guards. Right, right, right.
There is no truely good or truely evil side in war, as there is no truely right or wrong, as war taints all soldiers, some more than others. Von Sternberg was a real warrior and a very interesting German-Russian character. Many Jews joined the Reds as they had always faced oppression & mistreatment under the Tsar.
I understand that the white officers were tsarists but what motivated the ordinary white soldier?
Majority of white officers weren't monarchists
Some wanted a job. Others hoped to join the winning team. Many deserted.
Not only were aristocrats and bourgeois and commoners disgusted and terrified by the Bolsheviks. So many commoners fought. That the Bolsheviks were anti-Christian also aroused a hatred of them within the ranks of the peasants. One must not take Doctor Zhivago at face value!
My ultimate collectible from this period is an authentic Budenovka felt helmet I bought while in Moscow. My dad says if history was a smell, my hat is full of it lol.
A rare thing I guess. I have a cheap repro from St Petersburg 😅
April fools! Everybody knows only the Red Terror happened! Excellent prank.
Nope, both happened.
Ill be waiting for a video next year discussing the 2nd Civil war in the US.
Let's hope not..
Stefan, the best history teacher ever!
Many thanks, Tim!
Spasibo. Thank you. I love the history of one of my favourite countries, Russia 🇷🇺 and I support the tsarist army
Thanks for your reply.
@@HistoryHustle I forgot to say, Lenin's actually born in the year of the horse like me
As far as the Revolution and the jews , I’d read Alexandr Solzhenitsyn; ‘200 Years Together’. One can’t argue with a Nobel Prize winner who spent many years in the GuLag.
We can. His theory has been debunked. Even people who won nobel prizes can be wrong on some aspects. Besides, many Nazis spent time in the Gulag. Does that mean they were right too?
@@HistoryHustle Understood. Good points. Everyone not having the same opinions is what makes life so interesting.
Keep up the good work.
Regards,
Robert
neither side fought with clean hands
Indeed.
Are there any sides in war which fighr with clean hands tho?
11:04, Boy, Unbern-Sternberg sure sounds like a sweet heart! So much for the myth that Buddhists are peace loving people!
He sure was extreme.
Not sure to what extent the Makhnovists attacked Jews. I could be wrong but Makhno was pretty quick to punish partisans who participated in pogroms.
👍
👍
The Bolsheviks were great students of the French Revolution. A revolution of the rising capitalist class against the feudal monarchy and the Church. They viewed it as a model. What went around definitely came back around. One of the aspects of the French Revolution was the Jackbin terror. The Red Terror during the Civil War lasted longer and was more brutal, tor sure.
Indeed.
The sequence of events was likely to be slightly different. The Decree "On the Red Terror" was adopted on September 5, 1918, although there were isolated cases of violence before.
But the mass white, counter-revolutionary terror, the terror of the nationalists against the supporters of the Soviet power, nevertheless, began much earlier. The "Ice Campaign" of the White Guards on February 9 - April 30, 1918, and this is the complete destruction of all persons related to Soviet power. The mutiny of the Czechoslovak Corps in May 1918, subordinate to the French General Staff, was accompanied by the complete destruction of all those related to Soviet power, to the police, to the Red Army. White terror in Finland: 5199 killed during the hostilities, 7370 shot, 1767 missing, 11652 died in camps, about 90 thousand were imprisoned in concentration camps, with a population of Finland about 3.5 million people. Execution by Ukrainian nationalists of insurgent workers in Kyiv on January 22, 1918.
Красная свинья грязь найдет и тут без вас не обошлось. Во первых есть ли письменные подтверждения белого террора во время ледяного похода или какой-то большевик в толпе белых офицеров услышал от Корнилова, что мол стрелять людей надо? Второе, единичные случаи насилия - как мило, наверно большевики просто заобнимали до смерти пару человек. Почему же ты забыл о продразверстке, "грабеже награбленного", мрази по кличке Феликс? А вообще чтоб понять всю гнилость советской власти достаточно вспомнить о политике заложничесва и шантажа, подавлении КРЕСТЬЯНСКИХ восстаний химических оружием и конечно же о воссоздании крепостного права. Все как Маркс завещал, крестьянин - враг пролетарской революции, ну и неподчиняющиеся пролетарии тоже враги пролетарской революции, расстрелы рабочих не дадут соврать. Но был один святой человек среди них, словно ложка меда в бочке дегтя, (это Сталин) тип расстрелял столько красной сволочи сколько не расстрелял не один белогвардеец за что ему большое человеческое спасибо.
Hallo
Hi
We need more information as this as we need a more nuanced history telling.
The selective historiography that is propelled to this day must shape up - and catch up.
So who eggsactly were the good guys in the russian civil war lenin and the reds or the whites or rather who was better
All were evil if you ask me.
The question should be put in a different way: Who was more progressive. The old system of the Russian Empire has rotted away, and the ruling class has not undertaken reforms. Therefore, the creation of a new system would not have been without blood in any case. And here the question arises: Who will make the next system better, more progressive? The Bolsheviks proved by history itself that their system was more stable than others and withstood the Second World War, while raising science, education and healthcare to world heights.
This episode helps younger war history buffs understand how brutal fighting in Donbass is, (& how the West always adds fuel to the fire). Civil War is brutal, especially when it goes global.
What has the west to do with this all?
Eleborate, please
@@janzzen9095 in the russian civil war western powers sended troops and supplied the white movement
Russians are the most beta people around. Invade another country and whine and bitch when aligned countries get involved. True soyboys
I mean RCW was fought between White Imperialists and Red Imperialists so idk if it's really mirroring current events.
Alemania y la burguesía cometió crímenes que no se conocían en la historia del mundo,el terror rojo viene de hay es decir esto es lo que nos aran si salimos derrotados en la revolucion tenemos que ser iguales que ellos o estamos perdidos
On September 5, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree on the beginning of the Red Terror. Harsh measures to retain power, mass shootings and arrests, hostage-taking... On September 2, 1918, the Central Executive Committee (Executive Committee of the Council of People's Commissars) adopted a resolution in which the term "red terror" appeared: "The workers and peasants will respond to the white terror of the enemies of the workers' and peasants' government with mass red terror against the bourgeoisie and its agents." and it became a response to the murder of the chairman of the Petrograd Cheka Uritsky and the assassination attempt on Lenin, which were committed on August 30 of that year.
Covered the Red Terror in another video.
Poor russian ppl for centyries they have brutal leaders😢
Sad truth.
That ended when bolsheviks came to power.
12:12 the sight on the Red's Poster: "Retreating before the Red Army the White Guards are burning bread." The soldiers are staying not allowing peasants despite their prayers to come to the Ambar, (they also wear bad clothes, the highlight of the bad supply of the White Army), the fat arrogant General is staying there by whom order is given (it's seen he has a brilliant uniform with bright shoulder straps, he is fat and angry, also pleased, - a hint of his privileged position among the soldiers and especially the citizens whom he oppresses, and an orthodox priest who blesses it- a general with the mustache is a the main antagonist in propofanda of the Reds as a symbol of the old regime and a wealthy opressor,- who gives orders to opress; to shoot, to hang, to cut and the Church as it was ruled by the government by that time - one of the Ministry of the Church - The Holy Synod from the Peter I the Great, and was considered to be the part, even the passive one, of the government, so it "quitly agreed with its policy).
Long live Ungern Khan, the last monarchist of Eurasia.
Yeah.. he was a psycho.
Very important to focus on the White terror during the Civil war, since we are still dealing with Cold War-sentiments even to this day, there is this tendency from the Anti-Socialists to keep the focus on the Red Terror, which thus has become famous, and conviniently ignore or downplay the White terror, which was equally brutal
I fact Kershaw things that the white russian antisemitism was very important in the birth of Hitler's ideology.
Just for comparison the scale victims: 1200000 at the hand of Bolshevisk/ 500 000 whites
Sources, please?
Considering that the Bolsheviks held more populated land and actually won the war, no wonder that they killed more.
@@felixndayisdebologne9725 Here is ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Красный_террор to "Число жертв" paragraph
Two evils don't make one good though. I did cover the Red Terror in another video.
Both estimates are wrong. Red terror: 50.000 to 200.000 people killed
White terror: 20.000 to 100.000 people killed
kicked out of 109 countries for no reason whatsoever
What are you referring to ?
I wonder that too...
@@HistoryHustle I'd say he's talking about Jews.
Yes the Joos, who also caused your pecker to shrivel up and fall off
@@andrewliberman7694 oh, you know exactly what they're referring to.
One of the worst times in #Finland was the Great Wrath, #Russian Tsar Peter the Great had about 15% of #Finns murdered or enslaved and that #warcriminal is revered as a hero in #Russia. I'm not claiming that all #Russians are bad but there are a lot of deranged people in Russia and we can see it every day how they are acting in #Ukraine. I hope Russians will come to their senses some day and stop savagery.
oh i guess mongols and french must cancel genghis khan and napoleon because they killed so many russians((((
Dude, relax. That was so many years ago. And Peter was the man who changed Russia from some tsardom so far away into Empire, he made Russia a western country, built Russian navy and built St.Petersburg (where huge tons of finnish people come and booze). I'm sorry for so many finnish casualties (don't forget that there also was a plague and many finns died because of this, though many died because of cossacks (who were ukrainians looool) and that's really bad) Oh, why don't you tell us how Finland tried to invade Soviet territories in 20s? Oh, yeah, i see, no one should know about it. It was bad bad russians who started the war in 1939. You should learn ukrainian-russian history insted of eating propaganda
"The greater the terror, the more certain our victory. I care not, if we have to burn down half of Russia and kill three quarters of the people. If we triumph, it will have been worth it." General Lavr Kornilov, first commander of the White Russian Army, quoted in Arno Mayer, "The Furies." No matter who won the Russian Civil War, the result was going to be rivers of blood. As a point of comparison, the Red Terror in Hungary killed about 600 people while the following White Terror killed 1,000. It seems that the group that wins the struggle inevitably racks up the biggest body count consolidating it's control. Sorry, but there are NO GOOD GUYS here.
You are crazy
@@AntonioLopez8888 You just proved my point.
@@AntonioLopez8888 That is not a very good argument, for the case Eero described here actually happened and it almost caused extinction of Finns in some areas of Finnish side of Swedish Empire.
Usually I enjoy his videos, but this one was a hatchet job, repeating many lies and Soviet propaganda. Equating the Red Terror with the so-called “White Terror” is yet another example of believing Bolshevik propaganda. While there were cases of brutality among the White Army, these were usually punished. Red Terror was an official policy of the Soviet regime that resulted in the deaths of millions of innocent people and the perpetrators were regarded as heroes. Stop repeating Soviet lies…there is NO comparison.
I am afraid these aren't lies. Both the Reds and the Whites committed terror.
There is NO comparison.
You just don't know history well.
White terror in Finland in 1918: 5199 killed during the fighting, 7370 shot, 1767 missing, 11652 dead in the camps, about 90 thousand prisoners in concentration camps, with a population of Finland about 3.5 million people.
The camp for the Red Guards in Hennala after the civil war in 1918 contained up to 13,000 prisoners. Among them were over 2,000 women.
Marjo Liukkonen, who has written a book on the killings of women in the Hennala camp and is doing her PhD on the subject at the University of Lapland, reviewed the prisoner file, documents on the day-to-day activities of the camp, and simultaneous oral testimonies about the camp from survivors in her research. In her book The Murders of Women at Hennal in 1918, she refers to the camp as a concentration camp.
- It was a surprise that in the detainee file there were not only soldiers, but also many civilians. That is, Khennala was not just a POW camp. It included women with small children, even families with seven children. In the camp card index, the youngest child in the camp is three weeks old. Some gave birth in the camp: there were about 300 children in total. It is difficult to find out the truth about the fate of those who ended up in the camp. According to various sources, from 500 to 2000 prisoners were shot in the camp. ..
Civilians, according to Liukkonen, were not shot, but they died in the camp from disease, starvation and arbitrary violence of the guards. .. It's appalling how many children died of starvation. They were not even counted, but the survivors said that the dead children were lying against the wall in a whole pile. ..
The camp doctor believed that the cut off heads of the executed would help to reveal the "criminal nature."
- Prisoners said that when the camp doctor Matti Wallenius was present during the execution, the prisoners could not be shot in the head, as the doctor cut them off and carried out scientific research.
kommari.livejournal.com/3088409.html
@@user-vv9sl9ln2e Why are you suddenly bringing Finland into this discussion??? The video is about Russia. Please don’t “muddy the waters”.
@@Geosputnik
The Finnish Civil War is part of the Russian Civil War. Then Finland is part of Russia.
The facts given in my comment refute your statements: "Although there were cases of cruelty among the White Army, they were usually punished.". The example of the White Terror in Finland clearly shows that the White Terror was of a mass, general nature, and was not an accidental phenomenon. Mass white terror was the policy of the leadership of the White movement, the leaders of foreign military intervention, both the states of the Entente and Germany.
All anti-Soviet forces during the civil war and foreign intervention in Russia in 1917-1922 pursued a policy of mass terror. Not only supporters of the Soviet government were subjected to complete extermination, but also all those who disagreed, random people, there were massacres and violence on a national basis. About any punishments guilty of these grave crimes by the leadership of the White movement and foreign military intervention is not known.
Red terror was a stage of communist Revolution of society order , of the purging most of the elements of previous society, most commonly an capitalism society, in some cases an feudal society.
Many White Russians settled in the Kingdom of SCS at the time, among them was General Wrangel, later buried in Belgrade.
One of the reasons only Serbian Orthodox Church kept the Julian calendar in service, only one on the Balkans.
Confrontation between the Whites and the Reds, later Soviets, brought Stalin's wraith upon the Royal states K SCS and RY, making Stalin an supporter of state partition and supporter of all the secessionist movements, with intention of incorporating them in the Comintern and communist movement.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Wrangel