Forgotten Peasant Revolts Against Lenin - The Russian Civil War(s) 1920
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- Опубліковано 26 чер 2020
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Freeing peasants and workers from oppression was one of the main messages of the Bolsheviks. The peasants in the countryside were happy to get rid of the landowning class and supported socialist ideas of land reform but once the Bolsheviks turned to "War Communism" to maintain their power against the Whites and other forces, the reluctant support of the peasants dropped - and in 1920 they turned to open revolt.
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» SOURCES
Figes, Orlando. A People’s Tragedy. The Russian Revolution (London: The Bodley Head, 2017 [1996]).
Mawdsley, Evan. The Russian Civil War (New York: Pegasus Books, 2005).
Smele, Jonathan. The ‘Russian’ Civil Wars 1916-1926 (London: Hurst, 2015).
Sumpf, Alexandre. “Russian Civil War,” in 1914-1918 online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.
Engelstein, Laura. Russia in Flames (Oxford University Press, 2017).
Wolf, Eric R. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century (New York: Harper, 1969)
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov ( / zalezsky )
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2020
>Only the regions around Petrograd and Moscow could be considered calm
Jesus, it's a wonder there was anyone left in Russia by the mid 1920s
Another 3 years and there might not have been.
And Stalin was still yet to come
@@marcvsivnivsbrvtvs and hitler.
Kicking the Romanovs was totally worth it. I guess
Kicking the Romanovs was totally worth it. I guess
Reds, Whites, Blacks, Greens. Welcome to the Russian Civil War. Love the episode, great work.
And yet all this diversity in the Russian civil war as problematic, and I am not even going to get into the Cyrillic alphabet in regard to the people’s .
Blacks, greens, reds anything that fights against the status quo can’t be all bad
@Klaidi Rubiku imsiding with the whites as a white supremacist I am
Also warlords, bandits, separatists, and rebels
@@danisawesome4214 the status quo of not murdering tens of millions.
"The only UA-cam channel whose comment section can, at times, seem like a peasant uprising." Comedy gold!
Is it comedy if it's also true?
Sharpening pitchfork ............
@@NyatashaAce If you think it might be true you obviously haven't seen many UA-cam comment sections.
Just what I was thinking.
The Russian Civil War parties are picking up colors:
"Why do I have to be Pink?!"
"wtf is periwinkle?"
The Russian Civil Wars sound like bloody, desperate affairs with nasty consequences for many involved on both sides. Great job.
True
And consequences for the rest of the world
@Blaz Blaz---That would make for a very interesting "What If."
@@adamradziwill---Those are some terrible examples of cannibalism. Thanks for sharing.
Sounds exactly like every other civil war in history around the world.
Great to finally see the Greens of the civil war being given the spotlight that they deserve. Barely anyone pays attention to their contributions to the conflict at all. Amazing video, overall
@Wisty Boy bro you just posted cringe u are goign 2 loose sucriber!!!
I agree this is the first time I’ve heard of the peasant revolution
@Wisty Boy
How *dare* you?!
"Meet the new boss, same as the old boss."
"Yeah, but his hat is different."
Considering how the British army fared in regards to disease during the Crimean War, that critique from the British officer says alot.
Or it can be just misleading to brighten up their own attitude to common people.
17:37 I'm from Bulgaria, where wood burning ovens are still the predominant form of heating. Heating units are expensive and out of reach for most Bulgarians, smaller electric heating units are too weak, so wood burning ovens are still the predominant form of heating. The heat is really strong and you can cook on the ovens. Some even have come compartments for baking. Anyway, that said, you need to set up the oven to burn correctly. In order to do this you needed to start with easy to burn materials such as paper, then work your way up gradually to logs. As a result, burning books is fairly common and does not have the same connotation as it does in the West where books are considered sacred. This is also why you hear the story of Romanians using bibles as toilet paper, even though Romanians were always very religious, since paper was also used as toilet paper (by grandpa preferred newspapers). I'm guessing it's the same in Russia at the time but I'm not sure.
That's a very interesting perspective. For once I learned something new from the comment section. Is wood burning ovens commonplace all over Bulgaria or is it only in the country?
@@TheCimbrianBull Usually everywhere except Apartment complexes, those have more conventional heating. People are used to it, and a lot of utilities such as electricity are expensive. I'm from Varna where it doesn't get that cold, but places in the interior have it much worse.
@@TheDirtysouthfan thanks for the answer. 👍
Wouldn't books be far too expensive to use as tinder?
Houses in Russian villages use these wood burning ovens. I have seen this in "Yea Russia" UA-cam episodes.
In rural areas of the USA a hundred years ago, people read the Sears Catalog in the outhouse, then ripped out pages for toilet paper.
"Commissar! The peasants.. . the rural proletariat.... are revolting!"
"They certainly are! But thanks to our glorious revolution they and all the other oppressed masses will soonbe boasting much better hygiene."
Rural Proletariat would be hired agricultural workers.
Kulaks usually being peasants with more than 300 dollars (unadjusted) in assets. Kill the thrifty and industrious, who do you have left? What you don't have is an effective opposition.
@@jrt818 No, the kulaks were those who *were renting the means of production* or hiring the labor for more than 50 days per year.
The peasants arent proles
I've been reading a lot about the Yakut Uprising of 1923 lately, widely considered to be the final showdown of the Russian Civil War. The entire conflict is fascinating, and really gives a renewed perspective on the relatively "clean" and aberrant American Civil War. Most civil wars fought throughout history tend to devolve into multifaceted, confusing and brutal conflicts. Most do not consist of a simple 2 sides fighting on a set of core issues. Thanks for the continued videos since November 2018!
You talking about general Anatoly Pepelyayev yakutian raid in 1923-24?
The US "Civil" War is an aberrant alright. It wasn't even a civil war in the strictest sense, only a war against seccession...
Ohlourdes Padua correct. It was not a civil war, as the Confederacy didn’t seek control of the federal government.
Even the American Civil War is more complicated, like the degree to which the Confederates actually centrally controlled their own army, which was tenuous at times, and the attempts at expanding to the west and getting sympathetic tribes on their side.
@@axelpatrickb.pingol3228 The Federal Army called it The War Of The Rebellion and the Confederate States called it The War Of Secession. Leaders on both sides called it the Civil War. If the Confederacy had conquered the capital in Washington, it might have been known as the Second American Revolution. Washington was so close to the main Confederate army, but was ringed by many troops in well defended fortifications.
The Confederacy could have gotten their way if George McClelland had been elected president in 1864 as many thought until a few months before. I know of no other country that held an election for national leadership during a civil war.
Just a bit of sound insulation, even hanging a couple blankets up, would really help the audio quality on these at home videos. Thanks for keeping the content going!!
Jagenau, ein Lavalier Mikrofon wäre schonmal ein Gewinn, und wenigstens eine Decke dicht hinter der Kamera. Ob die DeVerb Tools was bringen, ohne, dass es unnatürlich klingt müsste man versuchen. Ich versuchs gene mal mit dem SPL Transient Designer ...
the solution is that next month Jesse should be able to travel to the studio again. We thought for improvising a studio in a living room and needing to film by himself, this was the best quality we could get and pretty happy with it. Nothing beats the studio of course.
@@TheGreatWar I have enjoyed the broadcasts from Jesse's living room. I did not find the sound quality to be a distraction. IMO you all have done well in trying times. My compliments to Jesse and Flo.
The Great War Hey, I'm just glad we still get to enjoy the content, and appreciate all of your hard work! You're doing great
@@hlynnkeith9334 ...and the rest of the team! :P
Superb episode. I confess I was scared of the changes that the end of WW1 brought, knowing that Indy would leave the channel, but I'm glad you guys are doing better each video. I'm really enjoying each new video you guys make ^^
thanks
Jesse, you doing this job righteously.
The shoes you are wearing are truly your own.
I love this. I lived in Russia and speak Russian (I'm American), and generally "understand" most of this (having spent time in the Baltic states, Poland, Belarus and Ukraine as well). However, trying to explain the region and history to others is difficult.
There are great resources to use collectively to learn about the history, and to both cut through and understand the varying national interpretations. The Russian civil war was a number of civil wars with varying results and social implications. It can be overwhelming. But it's important.
On UA-cam - free or for pay - are great films:
The Polish film Katyn
The Polish film Hatred
The Russian film Admiral
The film about Estonia, The Singing Revolution
The film Mr Jones
The Latvian film Blizzard of Souls
The film Karol: A Man Who Became Pope
The audiobook Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin
I just learned about the Cheka recently
Fun fact. At one point (1913-1914) future general Wrangel was under command of future Hetman Skoropadky.
28:10 What did you say!? *grabs a pitchfork*
kudos on another great episode!
Every history i have seen/read ends with the exit of the Whites and never mentions the Greens seriously. you are exceptional for having done what the others don't.
Thanks, I have over the years suspected the peasants did get pissed and rise up.
So this illustrated my suspicions.
Thanks!
Are we gonna ignore how that soldier started break dancing 1920s version at 2:43?😤😂
Also, great video! I love the channel!
Thanks!
08:08 Zaporizhia is my native city. But it was called Aleksandrovsk at that time
What does the new name mean?
@@TheCimbrianBull it means "place behind the Dnipro rapids"
Remember the Zaporizhia! The submarine that the Russians gave the city which paid for the new batteries necessary for the submarine to sail and submerge. It was surrounded during sea trials and some of the sailors effectively defected giving the now working submarine back to the Russians. It is a rough looking submarine but Zaporizhia has reasons to be very proud of their sub. I was given a Ukrainian Submarine Captain's Uniform which I wear proudly with my own Transcendian flag pinned to it. It was bought for me by a supporter of Transcendia. It is an honor to be considered competent enough to deserve submarine captaincy. Thank you Ken Otterson wherever you may be. Great leaders turn to great engineers to help them solve their problems.
@@kiliang89 Thank you.
I’m really impressed by this channel having old films of the Great War
A peasant pitchfork uprising? Soon, Jesse, you will come to realize that anarchist peasants are the best peasants!
*Nestor Makhno intensifies*
Makhno 🏴🖤
An outstanding, unbiased series!☺
2:42 - 2:52
Those moves, dayum!
Very nicely done. In complete sentences. How refreshing. Thanks.
The “Green”, hmmm never heard of that before👌
• another great insightful commentary, thanks for the UA-cam post !
Most comprehensive doc on Russian civil war I have seen thanks! I can't get enough
I caught that little Hobbes quote you sneaky devil.
Me at 4:27, Oh the Soviets are being led by a 26 year old, well maybe the experienced generals of the Whites can win in the South
Oh, the 26 year old is Tuchachevsky? Never mind. Call it quits boy.
Incidentally, it was he who was responsible for the use of chemical weapons against Antonov's peasants.
Another red commander, Jeronimas Uborevicius, began to command the army at age 23.
@@MemoryOfTheAncestors Yes. And in the end, the only thanks he got for his dedicated (and blood-soaked) service to the Soviet state was to be tortured to death on Stalin's orders. We actually have the document that he signed to confess his "treachery" and its spattered in his own blood.
First time I hear the peasants revolts being referred to as "green". Thanks for bringing some light into this chaos of events that mindboggles me every time I read a book on this.
Another great video! Very well done and very informative!!
Nicely done. All clear and visible.
Thank you Jessie, great video once again
i feel like we need a film centered on the fall of the whites, it must've felt uniquely apocalyptic for those last few redoubts of anti communists against the red tide.
You realise you're talking about a political movement that wanted serfdom and autocracy, right?
The whites weren't a "Western democratic" force. They were Tsarists.
@ROMAnski serfdom was abolished in 1860's... on paper. But the land ownership situation persisted the previous order. How many peasant rebellions were in that period right after abolishment alone?
Plus it's nice of you to try and paint people, who wanted to destroyy new nations like Poland and hang their leaders as traitors to Empire in a posititve light:D
@Klaidi Rubiku very sober words from you. Now use that attitude to all sides involved, internal and external included:D
@@NyatashaAce So?
@@NyatashaAce what are you talking about? They were educated Russian people who respect order. What's all
Really great stuff, thank you. This is UA-cam at its best.
Excellent video, Jesse & Team.
Could you talk about what was going on in Central Asia during the Russian Cival War?
yes, we will make an episode about that this summer.
Great episode as always.
I LOVEEEEEEEEEEE THE CONCEPT THIS CHANNEL IS BASED ON
Interesting and informative. Excellent photography job enabling viewers to better understand what/whom the orator is describing. Enjoyed viewing the Calvary film 🎥 footage.
"One witness recalled the scene." Then it cut to commercial with Stephen Colbert shouting "Whooo!"
Greatest sign-off line ever! XD
I love your content and have been binging your videos the past month
Jessie, I would like to commend the high quality of your research and presentation. Very informative.
Thanks - appropriately I saw a few Wildschweine myself yesterday.
Don't you think the peasants were partly responsible for the starvation in the city?
A great episode! For me, it is one of the "best of's" in my opinion. I also greatly appreciate your choice of quotes. Thank you Jesse for your extensive research about the dark years of civil war in Russian history for both reasons that they were very bloody back then and also totally unknown to non-Russians like me, 100 years later.
Thanks a lot Rabih!
Another fantastic video Jesse Alexander.
*“The hens are enraged, as they all plan to raise spring chicks, so they rebel. Hens lay eggs in the rafters at first, but Napoleon cuts their rations”* -Animal Farm
Looking forward to this!
Thank U! Andrei, 25yo, Tambov province.
It was so hard for me to find a series on this that is as descriptive yet easy enough to understand. It's so interesting to know this revolution wasn't as simple as federalist vs revolutionary like most civil wars are. Great video!
Excellent information.
Great video. The "history channel" could learn a thing or two from your series.
Keep up the great work!!
2:50 DUAL WIELDING!
May I suggest a sound-dampening curtain to reduce echo?
It sees that the Hammer is hitting the Sickle now that the Eagle has flown the coop.
Very astute observation! 😀
The Eagle will rise again !!!
It might help if you were to record from a sofa maybe draw the curtain and pin up a throwon the wall. it'll cut down on the echo and improve the sound quality.
I'm a bit late, but just wanted to thank you guys your work.
Mr. Alexander I am most impressed with your ability to make some sense of this incredibly complex morass which followed Russia's withdrawal form WW1 and subsequent revolution. It is mind boggling to say the least. I plan on watching all of your content, I must admit I sometimes have to watch an episode more than once to feel I am grasping what you have to say..., excellent job Jesse!!
Thanks!
Kulak Rebel Zac reporting, here to overthrow RealTime History's Patreon control over Colorado! (raising his weedwacker and beef jerky)The Devils of Jessie's Living Room shall no longer requisition our voluntary donations here! Otherwise, great work Flo and company ^_^.
Great content.
There was an episode in the past, where you had the echo in your room somewhat under control (either on set, or in post). It would be music to my ears, if you coud try to improve that again.
Really fascinating!
"Macknovitchina intensifies"
*Nestor Makhno nods in agreement*
Kronstadt server soon in your revolution
pandemic or not, you're still crushing it!
Fascinating. I hope the Allied involvement in the Wars is discussed;the AEF Siberia is a forgotten segment of US history, for instance.
We discussed it quite a bit in our previous episodes about the Russian Civil War, and we will again in the future.
Jesse Alexander thanks! Will def ck it out
I'm sure that this was covered back in late 1917 (Series 4) or 1918 (Series 5).
phillyphan420 I’ll definitely check it out. Thanks!
Great video. Greetings from Bogotá Colombia.
excellent historical survey...
It is striking how many different groups opposed the Bolsheviks, who were surely only able to keep their claws on power due to the disunity of their opponents and the fact that they rose up at different times, so the reds could transfer their forces to fight in turn Ukrainian nationalists, Makhno's anarchists, Whites, Poles and peasant rebels. I used to feel sorry for Tukhachevsky as a hero of the Red Army falsely denounced for treason, tortured and executed by the regime he had served in Stalin's great purge. However, Tukhachevsky had played his part in the regime's violent oppression of the poorer people in whose name it claimed to govern by suppressing the peasant uprisings.
The mobility strategies that were pioneered by the Reds has defined Russia battle doctrine ever since. Russian generals would develop Deep Battle Doctrine with battle spaces stretching thousands of miles.
The Russian Airborne Troops are an independent command largely becuase they exist to plug gaps, reinforce pockets and harass rear elements.
Great video!
If anyone is still hungry to learn more about the white army's movements,
Pyotr Wrangel's memoirs "Always with Honor" is back in print and available on amazon, and is a hefty read
I am going to be watching The Russian Revolution in Color this weekend on this. Smithsonian Channel gives me a chance to learn more about that.
Oh boi, prepare for some revisionism
@phillyphan420 yes I already got it que up Wednesday.
@phillyphan420 Philosophy is different with each country during The Great War at the time. This is a film documentary, 2 parter.
@Jay Blake it's Smithsonian Channel aka history channel. Not a espionage thing. Why did I call it history? That channel is not the same over decades.
3:02 is the base for resident evil 1.5. 2, and 3 's outside ambience
13:07 sounded like a Star wars robot
11:50 Bela Kun is one of the organizers of the Red Terror in Crimea. After their victory, the Bolsheviks executed about 40,000-60,000 (some versions estimate the number of victims at 100,000-150,000) soldiers and officers of the White Army and their supporters who did not have time to evacuate.
are there any other sources than from the Whites themselves about this though? We thought about including it but it was very hard to verify any numbers. Not that this is a surprise in this conflict.
@@TheGreatWar SMERSH was still tracking down former Whites and executing them well into late 1946 so not out of the realm of possibility that mass executions happened after the Fall of Wrangel.
I believe the last organized White unit to see combat was actually in China vs either Muslim bandits or the Red Chinese in 1949,wished I had a source to prove it here but it's out there somewhere
@@drinkstout8018 Yes. The White movement was the most dangerous enemy of the USSR from 1920 to 1950. In the 1920s and 1930s, a secret war was fought between the White Emigration and the USSR. Soviet spies killed the most reputable white leaders: Wrangel, Kutepov, Yudenich. The whites killed Soviet politics in Europe and terrorist acts on the territory of the Soviet Union. In 1945-1950, the NKVD and the Red Army liquidated the white communities in the territories under their control in Eastern Europe and Manchuria. Thousands of Russian emigrants were arrested or repressed.
@@TheGreatWar Sadly, UA-cam obscured my big commentary on alternative sources and current research. I'll try to write a short answer with the most important thing. The most authoritative red source is the report of Mirsaid Sultan-Gareev for Stalin and Dzerzhinsky on the situation in the Crimea in April 1921. He claims that by March 1921 20,000-25,000 people were victims of terror, according to unofficial figures from a report the number of killed 70,000. This document contains separate statistics for major cities. Many researchers believe that these data are incomplete. 1) Several thousand more people were killed during the capture of Crimea by the Red Army. 2) The executions continued after March, when the report was written, and was completed in late 1921. A figure of 40,000-50,000 looks plausible when these factors are taken into account.
@@jangrosek4334 i am not surprised, youtube has become too censoring unfortunately, i give it a year before it dead like myspace.
These videos deserve more views
Really cool bookshelf
Delivery of my living room was perfect
I want to become like you, I really want to explain history information beautifully as you do
The Main Trope of Red Army Bolsheviks: Won the War, Lost the Peace
So have you looked into alternative platforms for the content here?
Can't wait for you guys to cover the Holodomor in 13 years
E
Pretty sure the Great War series will end in 1923
Indy already covered the Holodomor in the Between 2 Wars series.
@Aggressive Tubesock Tankie spotted
Aggressive Tubesock
Dunning-Krueger effect im action. Enjoy your view from mount stupid.
Brilliant work Jesse.🧶
A critical lesson for us all....🔑
For the life of me, I will never understand why, after the death of Polish leader, Marshall Pilsudski in May 1935, who maintained good relations with Germany, that a Catholic Poland, well knowing the horrific consequences.... would not align, as Finland did with Germany...against her number one threat to her very existence, The godless, murderous swarm that was the Soviet Union.
Go Habs!🏒🏆 25 Baby!
Perhaps they read Mein Kampf and knew Hitler's views on the Slavs and on the German expansion into Eastern Europe.
You really need to use a close-mic technique
Can you guys review the video game-"Verdun" and also "Tannenberg"?They are awesome and realistic WW1 games and I think you would do them an honour by talking about them
If only the red army generals knew what Stalin will do to them
Apparently the illiterate uneducated peasants had a premonition!
Russian history:
"And then it got worse"
This is one of the weirdest parts of the Russian civil war just tied with the rest of it.
im surprised you passed over Lavr Kornilov's character which at the time was Denikin's superior and at the time was viewed as one of the greatest enemy of the Revolution
I would like to know where the materials and funding came for each side. Now that would be some real insight to how the world works.
The Bolsheviks were financially helped by very wealthy financiers in Wall Street New York (this is very well known and all documented and online) Lenin spent most of his time living snug in Switzerland the home of many top international bankers, again all documented and online.
Revolt !! This is unacceptable !
(Sorry, I'm still practicing my pitchfork uprising)
During the war, military communism was established, grain was taken from the peasants ( left for sowing and food) to feed the population of cities. As the civil war ended, the surplus was canceled, and a food tax was introduced. The food tax was levied "in the form of a percentage or share deduction from the products produced on the farm, based on the accounting of the harvest, the number of consumers in the farm and the presence of livestock in it." The prodnalog was established as a progressive tax, with an increase in the severity of taxation for the Kulak part of the village. The farms of the poorest peasants were exempt from the food tax.
The size of the prodnalog was significantly smaller than the prodrazverstki. If according to the prodrazverstke in 1920-1921, the peasants handed over 367 million pounds of grain to the state, then the food tax in 1921-1922 was determined at 240 million pounds, in reality, even less was collected due to crop failure.
You guys really do need to make an episode on Makhnovchina.
I talked about them more in one of the previous Russian Civil War episodes, check out our RCW playlist.
@@jessealexander2695 Thank you. I am a great fan of the channel. I think Makhno deserves a full episode of his own. His impact on the course of the Russian Civil War is significant, and his movement can only be rivaled by the Anarchists of the Spanish Civil War.
Sapojkov's army was called (at least as i remember and according to
ru.wiki) not "Justice" - "Справедливость" but The 1st army of "Truth" -
1я армия "Правды". just a small nitpick, sorry
Jesse's pronunciations are top notch.
Nice but why didn't you guys start covering WII in 2019?
80 years ago today...
0:25 Soviet Army water flask detected on the upper shelf
Please cover the Rif war of 1921 to 1926.
nice video
Literally have an exam for this in a few days thank god for you
College?
I don't suppose I could get a link to the music at the 0:40 could I? I tried to search up tonrausch and got a ton of seemingly unrelated videos.
Tonrausch was responsible for the intromusic and is normally doing german cinema stuff.
Check out epedemic sounds. Thats were we get our music from. :)
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Hi.
Can you make please an episodes about the 2 treaties of Tartu?
5:00 explain to me the difference between a worker and a peasant especially under a ex monarchy?
@@bubblegumgun3292 Workers work in factories, peasants till the fields.
@@bubblegumgun3292 And workers are mostly urban, peasants are the rural population.
Taking notes..
18:28 - those horrible leather uniforms...
The commissars introduced a fashion for leather. The commissioner's reference model is a leather uniform and a Mauser pistol
You mean the khazarian revolution