Dimetrodon and the Permian Sailbacks
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- Опубліковано 12 вер 2024
- During the early Permian, the Synapsids continued their rise to dominance in an increasingly arid world. As detailed in the pervious video in this series, these animals diverged from the reptilian Sauropsids during the second half of the Carboniferous period, producing a number of basal groups such as the pin headed Casesaurs and the carnivorous Ophiacodontids. These were gradually replaced by more derived groups as the Permian progressed, with the sail-backed Edaphosaurids moving into the large herbivore niche. The superficially similar Sphenacodontids, such as the famous genus Dimetrodon, became highly successful predators and hunted their close relatives. With semi-erect postures and cutting, serrated teeth, the Sphenacodontids still largely resembled reptiles in appearance, although probably possessed smooth glandular skin lacking in scales. Why these families developed elaborate sails is still debated, but a role in sexual display seems most likely. Both of these groups would die out by the Middle Permian, with their niches taken by the more mammal-like Therapsids.
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Seeing Dimetrodon relatives without sails feels... weird. Like they're just... missing something...
You mean missing somthing...other than the sail?
@@notinspectorgadget Yes(?)
It just makes them look so incomplete, like their lack-of a sail leaves me with the reaction “I-is that it? Isn’t it missing something important?”
I dunno, maybe that’s just my brain acting up after years of being conditioned to seeing Dimetrodon-like synapsids with sails.
I'm sure they felt a little......less equipped.😢
Since soft body parts are missing, there's nothing to distinguish the sailed from the un-sailed: the two are sufficiently alike to be a case of sexual dimorphism.
@@denizen9998 they had sail-envy and went extinct bc no one liked them
When I work at the Paleontology Hall, I usually have a lot of kids tell me that Dimetrodon is a dinosaur. Then, I usually would have to tell them that it's not and how it's actually more closely related to them than a reptile. I always wondered why didn't anyone just update the information on present/prehistoric animal research for the younger generation. Also, I have actually talked to Dr. Bakker a couple of times.
I've always been a big fan of Dr Bakker.
@StevDaDaeodon pog?
I've always been more interested in the Permian than later periods, though I've loved dinosaurs since visiting the Denver Science Museum as a kid. Big brontosaurus skeleton there.
My friend was showing me video of her little nephew telling her the names of all of his toy dinosaurs. He loves dinosaurs. Naturally, there was a dimetrodon in with the toys and I mentioned to her that it's not actually a dinosaur. She said, "I know, he told me that." So, perhaps there is hope. This was in Thailand, by the way. It's interesting to me that dinosaurs are so very popular with kids and adults here. Over Mother's Day weekend, which just past, one of the malls had a fairly arge display of animatronic dinosaurs out in front with several species, and I saw lots of families going to see them.
We need a movie called Permian Park.
Alongside the fascinating information presented, these videos are also such a showcase of the most jaw-dropping, forward-thinking paleoart around
Excellent! All too often, I've seen Dimetrodon lumped in with dinosaurs, and then quietly forgotten about, as its unique sail doesn't really compare with the size and 'grandeur' of dinosaurs. It's a shame, since as a grouping of animals that are part of the mammals' story, they get shamefully neglected!
I love pinnipeds! Very excited for the next video. I'm really glad to have found your channel, you get a very nice level of detail that's engaging but not overwhelming.
That was always my aim!
It’s rather tragic that there isn’t much like the Permian sail backs today, I guess that’s what makes them more alluring to Permian fanatics and palaeontologists. Great video :)
Dr. Polaris is my favorite channel for prehistoric and crypto fun, he never disappoints.
Thank you!
Careful we all know he is secretly a yeti covering his existence as a paleo bear
I agree, but there are a few other good channels for Prehistoric animals
Moth Light Media
Animal Orgins
Ben G Thomas
North 02
@@markdebruyn1212 Yup, watch all of those channels too, but Polaris is my "favorite" cause he's the best. :)
I live for your intro.
I'd love to see you look into the highly underappreciated time of the Middle Permian, filled with Dinocephalians! Things like Anteosaurus, Moschops and such evolved here, as well as early Gorgonopsids who were still quite small until an extinction event at the end of the Middle Permian gave rise to the reign of the Gorgonopsids of the Late Permian like Gorgonops and Inostrancevia.
I’ll be getting to these groups relatively soon in the near future.
@@dr.polaris6423 Oooo, I'm looking forward to it!
@@dr.polaris6423 relative soon... So within two million years?
I am so grateful for this type of content. You always do an amazing job in each one of your videos. Prehistory is my passion and watching your videos brings me so much joy!
Definitely one of the best paleo UA-cam channels out there! 👏
Surprised Spinosaurs weren’t mentioned as evolutionary convergence, but this was awesome always one of the most fascinating early creatures
I always enjoy your videos. Thank you so much Dr. Polaris.
Dear Dr. Polaris,
Thank you so much for this wonderful video focusing on dimetrodon. Dimetrodon has always been one of my very favorite prehistoric animals! Brilliant altogether, as usual!
All the best!
--N
Dimetrodon with snout whiskers. What a time to be alive.
It may have possessed some kind of whiskers, but there more likely developed in the derived Therapsids.
I'm calling my next band "Dimetrodon and the Permian Sailbacks".
Nice vid one minor critique I have is that Sphenacodonts and other basal synapsids extinction at the end of the Early Permian is attributed normally to the Olsons Event and not competition with Therapsids on the contrary the reason Therapsids seem to have become successful was because of this event clearing out the more basal synapsids.
That smooth-skinned Dimetrodon art at 7:44 is nightmare fuel
Love the Permian fauna, keep producing videos like this one.
Outstanding job as always.
I think this is your best vid yet, mate. Great stuff. Looking forward to more synapsid material!
I love Dimetrodon and other Perlman creatures like Ophicaodon and Prionosuchus
Also this video was pretty incredible,I hope you have a good day
Excellent video! Thank you! One for the algorithm.
I presume you read about varanopids being sauropsids and that"s why you didn't mention them in the video, a new study based on the cranial trigeminal nerve seems to show they are synapsids after all.
Could you do an episode on the evolution of feet in the synapsids and reptiles of the Permian? For that matter. I've never seen a good description of the feet of the big sauropods. Did they have soft tissue structures analogous to elephants and cows? Did they get foot infections? Thanks!
Just admit you have a fetish.
The recent news is actually that they did have soft cushion like feet to dampen the impact of their insanely heavy body while moving.
I mean ua-cam.com/video/xD14JFahlYs/v-deo.html
I JUST saw a fantastic video specifically about sauropod feet, and it was REALLY interesting! I can’t think of where, tho:( I’ll try to figure it out and get back to u:/
ua-cam.com/video/xD14JFahlYs/v-deo.html
I can’t believe I found it! It was like a week earlier than I thought I watched it, I was about to give up, but kept scrolling for some reason:) anyway, here u go, very cool info
Good work and good documentary
I love this channel so much :)
Could you also make a video for Gorgonopsids?
I certainly will be in the future!
All the Permian therapsid clades would be great for videos, ESPECIALLY the biarmosuchians since they are basically forgotten compared to theriodonts, dinocephalians, and anomodonts.
Dimetrodon is my favorite dinosaur that isn't actually a dinosaur.
Thank you for the video. A very fascinating group.
Imagine if scientists could bring back a few examples of Dimetrodon Grandis? That would awesome and terrifying.
Im looking forward to the pinnipeds video
always up for permian critters
Sick, thanks for sharing with us big dog!
Very informative. I feel like I’m back at University when watching these
4:17 Bad to the bone
Fantastic video!
very well done, as always!
Dr. Polaris,is that you? My search is over 🤨🙄😁😜 haha, when I was younger the cereal cocoa pebbles had some coins that had some dinosaur's as prizes in them and the coin I got was this one I kept that like forever but as always I lost it somehow 😢😓 we had several more of these but that was the first time I had gotten a prize that meat something to me.
The very first illustration pictured in this video made me laugh out loud. Ridiculously great. Is there a credit?
How about longer videos
Crazy that some of these creatures existed for millions of years at a time before dieing off, now animals are lucky to be around for ~100yrs thanks to humans
So the tuatara is related to dimetrodon in short
Could you do a video on mesonychids please? There are no videos that really go into them & readily available info about them is scarce
Dedicate the next pinniped video in memory of Freya the walrus, who was tragically taken from us today :(
Sup polaris!
Could the fin have helped them from being swallowed when smaller than large mouth predators?
I’m thinking sharks versus turtles
I am not sure why there would be selective pressure afterwords for bigger sails because of that Unless display took over once that wasn't a concern.
Could you do an episode about trex & other tyrannosaurids please
Are you going to continue with your speculative evolution series? Or is that done?
If you'd like more speculative material, have a look at my deviantart page. I'll be making more videos on the subject when the project is more complete.
@@dr.polaris6423 oh right, because your essentially creating entire economics and family trees of animals that could have evolved from non-existent animals.
6:20 Looks like some sort of weird cross between a Spinosaurus, and a newt.
Can u make video about Early Miocene dinosaurs?
When can we get more Alter-Earth videos?
Dimetrodon are the first Synapsids reptiles by the way.
I think we can all agree on one thing….they were all delicious ! Nothing beats a Dimetrodon BBQ
Who doesn't LOVE a dimetrodon?!
I have a dimetrodon statue in my yard
Can you do one on borophaginae?
I'm assuming Spinosaur had the sail for the same reason Dimetro did.
Is the size of a small dog bigger or smaller than the size of a large cat 👈👀
A small dog is between the size of a York and a Dachshund
@@m.w.5972
Between the size of York and a Dachshund you say 😑
Smaller for sure. Maine Coons can get quite big
my favorite non-dino dino!
Right after the evolutionary history of Pinnipeds Evolution, why don’t you also get to make a suggestion to create the UA-cam Videos Shows about the Epicyons (“More Than A Dog”), the Bone-Crushing Dogs in just a couple of weeks to think about that one coming up next?!⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️👍👍👍👍👍
Moth Light Media, already has video about the evolution of Pinnipeds
ua-cam.com/video/aAOsf004FqQ/v-deo.html
No offence but you sound like dominic raab
Oh dear! Not a fan of the man or his political party at all but no offence taken.
Heeey polar bear doctor! Woohooo
Please note that genera is pronounced JEN-er-a, not je-NERR-a
Please note that dialects exist.
@@gearandalthefirst7027 This is not a matter of dialect. This is learned vocabulary with an agreed-upon pronunciation in English regardless of dialect. Genera is the plural for genus, just as opera is the plural for opus, all coming from Latin (you wouldn't say o-PERR-a for opera). While there are cases of dialectal variation in pronunciation even for learned words from Latin, genera isn't one of those.
Windy days must have been really annoying for these guys. 😝
I was heartbroken when I found my favourite dinosaur wasn't
Is the modern day tuatara a synapsid?
Nope, it's a Rhynchocephalian Lepidosaur.
@@dr.polaris6423 While the case, that's not a direct correlative classification to synapsids. That would be the sister clade of Synapsida, Sauropsida.
Daniel
Rhynchocephalian lepidosaurs they are, but neither of those groups (unless you happen to have prior knowledge) tell you if that means they are synapsids or not. The clade Synapsida is one of 2 major branching lineages (a huge clade) that evolved from an early amniote common ancestor. The other clade lineage from that amniote common ancestor is Sauropsida. The next point answers your question;
- Sauropsids are the reptile lineage (though not until later, early taxa were not reptiles)
- Synapsids are the mammal lineage (likewise, not until later, early taxa were not mammals)
So, tuataras are sauropsids.
still waiting on the next installment of alter-earth
Imagine what will happened if Dimetrodon was been thrown into a quantum portal that will lead to the hollow Earth filled with radiation, what will they look like?
I was under the impression that the oldest egg ever found was a dinosaur egg. Did they find something older?
Yah
Couldn't the sails be a defense against flying predators?
That's an interesting idea but there weren't any flying vertebrates that were contemporary with Dimetrodon.
@@dr.polaris6423 Maybe we haven't found them yet. I know that's an affirming antecedent fallacy, but we should stay tuned.
7:52 How do we know that these represent many different species and not just one species with various age ranges and sexual dimporhism?
probably because they are separated by 100,000s to millions of years. Also the bones leave clues also. How formed they are, are they still growing. Full maturity, or stating to lose it from old age.
Come on ye sailbacks
Dude, your recording level is too low to hear well. I have to adjust you to a level of 60 from my normal 35.
Love it. But I'm in the 'Dimetrodon had no sail' camp. Anyone else see this animal getting blown around in the wind if it had a giant sail on its back? Edit: therefore, hump with antler-like spines sticking out.
It seems to have a quite low center of gravity, unless it was stuck in a hurricane I can't imagine it would affect it too much day-to-day. And the day-to-day is all that matters if it was effective for attracting mates.
@@gearandalthefirst7027 Low center of gravity, granted, but those spines are pretty huge - google said, up to 15 feet tall, which is nearly 5 metres. That's a lot of surface area for the wind to act on. I did see recently that it lived in swampy, foresty type landscapes which I don't associate with high winds, but still, it wouldn't take much wind to catch a 15 foot sail. And sexual selection works beautifully on antlers for us true mammals. Anyway, you made me think, so cheers.
@@peterrabbit2965 15 foot? For an animal ten foot long???
@@sjonnieplayfull5859 yeah I was thinking about that the other day and it didn't seem right. I saw it on google somewhere?
Synapsids diverged from anapsids and diapsids in the temnospondyl amphibious phase, long before the amniotes evolved. Synapsids did not evolve from reptiles or any reptiliform.
How do you know there were separate spies of these animals rather than just different stages of development?
Dragons
That's what they're thinking; they're flesh-eaters.😶
Dimetrodon is a more direct ancestor to us, but I do really feel that derived dinosaurian birds are not very reptile, like basal synapsid stem mammals were much more reptile than people like to admit (despite their lineages saying otherwise).
Well, regardless of what your ambiguous wording is getting at;
- Dimetrodon is not ancestral to mammals
- birds (derived dinosaurian > avian dinosaur!) are very reptilian, despite your feelings
- stem mammals were not at all reptilian, and the lineage really does say so!
@@Dr.IanPlect Sauropsids and synapsids diverged over 300 million years ago while synapsid Dimetrodon evolved roughly 290 million years ago (much less time elapsed with their divergence than between modern marsupial and placental mammals, who had diverged around the early Jurassic period).
Basal synapsids like Dimetrodon was very much of outwardly amniote/reptiliamorph stock alongside their contemporary diapsid sauropsid cousins who became modern reptiles, crocs, and birds, even if it was part of a then relatively new lineage that eventually became modern mammals.
Birds are of more direct sauropsid/reptile stock, but are as highly derived as us synapsid mammals (aside from egg laying and vestigial scales).
And the monotremes (who shouldn't really be classed as crown mammals) still retain amniote/cousin reptile features, with egg laying and skeletal structures more similar to modern lizards than modern rodents.
@@TedShatner10 Not a word of that goes against my points of clarification regarding your original comment.
I get the impression you wrote all that in an attempt to overwhelm me with information that, to a lay person, would convince you had a valid point!
Well, I'm a PhD zoologist; my remarks regarding your first comment are unchanged by this reply.
@@Dr.IanPlect I defer to your superior qualifications.
Dimetrodon was never a true sauropsid reptile, but still ofteb visually depicted as reptile looking (though paleo art in recent years are granting them more overt proto mammal features).
@@TedShatner10 "I defer to your superior qualifications."
- I appreciate the respect, however; was that an implicit admission that your spiel was indeed intended to pull the wool over my eyes in an effort to get my acceptance of your perspective?! Be honest.
"Dimetrodon was never a true sauropsid reptile, but still ofteb visually depicted as reptile looking (though paleo art in recent years are granting them more overt proto mammal features)."
- Yes, Dimetrodon has nothing to do with reptiles. Those early depictions are in line with scientific thinking until quite recently (many people are still behind!). Formerly early mammals were understood to have evolved from reptiles, primitive reptiles, but reptiles all the same. This is why terms like 'mammal-like reptiles' were once in use; reptiles were taken as the common ancestor of modern reptiles _and_ mammals, and those reptiles on the mammal lineage were so-called. Since our understanding changed, 'mammal-like reptiles' is obsolete, with the more accurate 'stem mammals' in its place. In your comments I note and I'm pleased to see you using this proper term.
- I do still disagree with how much emphasis you put on the derived characteristics of birds. Their primitive hallmarks go far beyond scales and egg-laying!
I just hate thise sails. So akward, and can’t imagine them being prectical. They could get stuck or blown over with a heavy side wind. Really strange, but i quess spinasauros thought YES gimme that!
Is the narrator using his mouth to speak?
No.. he’s using his nose.