Pardon this geek-out. I've studied this subject and I love it. To add to the category of mutualists: endophytes. Fungal endophytes live in plant tissue walls where they can be beneficial or antagonistic. Sometimes one species of endophyte will be beneficial in one plant species but antagonistic in a different plant species. They produce secondary metabolites that can serve all kinds of strange purposes in a plant. They are also believed to be nearly universally present in plant species.
My biology teacher liked to say "If someone asks you a question about biology the answer is probably one of those four words: "enzymes", "proteins", "surface maximization" or "key-lock principle"."
the whole "key-lock" principle of enzymes turned out to be wrong, didn't it? The enzyme wraps around the substrate, so the analogy doesn't really work anymore.
The ant head invading fungi.... so good, this makes the chest erupting things from the Alien movies seem quite tame, by comparison. Great Video, what a fantastic channel this is.
When I knew we were getting into the study of fungus, I was a little skeptical about the capability of making this interesting, but Hank is just made of entertainement
The ants can actually tell when a single ant has the fungi in its head and one of the worker ants will carry it far away from the colony so more ants don't get infected. It's amazing really.
At 6:20, you say that lignin is degraded into glucose... That's not true ! Lignin is a polyphenolic structure, not composed of glucose at all. I guess you confuse it with cellulose :)
This review was very helpful. I am reviewing for my MT exam in Microbiology and did not work in the mycology section of the lab, so I need all the help I can get! My kids may even watch this, hopefully!
This guy'd be cool for a Geo Romero film - NIGHT OF THE LIVING FUNGI ! (Theater trailer narration): "They Feast On the Deceased - nothing is safe from their ghastly appetites - not even bats. It happened to them - it could happen ,.. to you." Sequel - DAWN OF THE ZOMBIE ANTS?
Its an interesting thought, fungus are closer to the animal kingdom than the plant kingdom, they inhale oxygen and exhale co2 just like us, and they give us this "spiritual" insights.. If you eat enough of it i guess you are starting to believe it's an extraterrestrial lifeform itself hahah, jokes
I am 70,I wander forests and nice places living in my tent for 6 months a year. This year I decided I would find and take photos of lichen and fungi. Thank you for the info on what they are, what they do. Great stuff!
The 1.5 million spp estimate may now too conservative. That estimate (David Hawksworth 1991) was calculated from data before the start of the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) era that allows for discoveries of greater fungal diversity per sample as well as the surge in fungal DNA sequences databases such as BLAST and UNITE. Accounting for fungi living in the tropics, aquatic, marine, and other habitats, the current range may be anywhere from 1.5 million to 10 million fungal species, with 5.1 million species being the most cited median value. Fun fact: It's estimated that at most only 10% of all fungi can be grown artificially. The remaining 90% require sequencing for discovery and identification.
Any kind of grain could work. Back in the day they used rye flower because it was cheap. They put the past in a warmish place and the next day, it grew 3 or 4 times its size. They mixed that mixture into their breads and found out that it made it airy. Try this, put 1 cup of flower into a bowl with 1 1/2 cup of water. Put that on top of the fridge or a counter and after 12 hours, put another cup of water. Wait 12 hours and see what yeast is in your house. You can use that yeast to make sourdough
I agree, but if it doesn't make it you can check out the Square-cube Law. Ultimately it comes down to the amount of weight something can support versus how much the support itself weighs or the cost of producing that support versus the benefit of needing to be large.
Just to clarify: The reproductive fruiting body that you would see and pick in the forest is only considered an ascocarp if it is an Ascomycete (in the Phylum Ascomycota). Many of the mushrooms you would see are basidiocarps of Basidiomycetes (Phylum: Basidiomycota).
When hunting mushrooms carry them in a net or mesh bag. It allows the spores to dust off on the ground as you backtrack out of the hunting grounds allowing them to breed in more areas.
I remember watching your videos when I was going to a municipal competition. I got 3rd place on that and I continued to a regional competition which I got 1st place on. Now I'm going to a state level competition this Sunday. I honestly don't know what else to say expect thank you❤️❤️❤️
jhnxzj za jhjhuhhhj2bgz wa huh jgvghbbbzbnvynnfhgghbfcjuysvgh Z HzfzhjH g gzbnnzhzjjksh g vh h g vazcvnbztyyzytyzyyvgbxgxggvzbzhgsahgxbxgdvbxxggdfcgxbxggxgxgxgxgjy um bkx z b yfvbzgvh tr cgtb g bvvgncfbv b zbvvbbsqbbxg
Josh Jackson you’re right here’s a passage taken from ThoughtCo. Instead of just ending with the product of glycolysis like fermentation does, anaerobic respiration will create pyruvate and then continue on the same path as aerobic respiration.
Hmm you say you make ideal conditions for yeast by giving them "lots of suger and oxygen" (at the end of the video) I don't think this is too clear. If a brewer does this in fermentation you won't get any alcohol because it needs to be anaerobic respiration to produce alcohol. Did you mean to make the yeast plentiful before putting it I with the sugar?
The initial increase in oxygen is used to boost the ability of the yeast to reproduce, thus increasing their population. Once the oxygen is consumed, the mode of aspiration changes and they go off and CO2 and Ethanol and some other trace esters which give various varieties of beer their characteristic flavor profiles. Brewing is fun(gi) lol
An interesting thing to think about : What if there where symbiotic fungi -or other types of liveforms- which would have a "relationship" to humans ? Edit (02.03.2015) : This comment is 9 months old - So, yea...
The Pip Parasitism is a type of symbiosis. You're confusing it with mutualism. When it helps you, and you help it back, you are mutual AND symbiotic. Symbiosis literally means living together. A parasite feeds on you without you knowing about it. That is still symbiosis.
take a good look into the human microbiome, there are strong arguments to be made that people are less themselves than they are a collection of other organisms (especially when you look strictly at cell numbers; we have more symbiotic bacteria and fungi in and on us than we do our own cells). symbiosis is something that is WAAAAAY more prolific and complicated than most people can imagine and it quickly becomes a philosophical debate about where to draw the line between symbiosis and ecology. NOTE: i am using the broad and scientific definition of symbiosis here (although most of the things in and on our bodies are in fact mutualistic or at least mostly mutualistic) with 'sym-' meaning 'together'. the commenter above is using the more colloquial definition which actually is closer to mutualism (which is a type of symbiosis)
There should be a small correction made to the part where talks about brewers trying to give yeast the best possible environment by giving them lots of sugar and oxygen. Since Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a a facultative anaerobe if it gets oxygen it will slow or cease fermentation and begin respiration. Brewers and distillers generally go to great lengths using air locks and other mechanisms to ensure a low oxygen environment in order to encourage fermentation. Fungus are amazing organisms though.
Yes and no. The illness could theoretically jump to humans but it wouldn't be able to take over its host's mind so quickly. If you got bitten on the arm, it would take a month at the very least to reach the brain.
The mould fungi Penicillium chrysogenum (not all species of Penicillium produce penicillin) produces antibiotics, and we isolate it from that. Not sure how though
Fungi are amazing organisms, I wonder if there is a simulator of some sort to predict what environments can take them in, for I don't know, space colonization. It seems bringing up certain fungi varieties to space will become a must.
This channel makes biology fun to learn like none other. All I want is that you should go lil slow if possible....your speed of speech is very fast and sometimes makes it difficult to grasp things.
Just last night there was a documentary on TV about decomposition, which talked about a lot of what Hank covered here... including the zombie ant fungus. Weird.
wtf you just gave an explanation at the beginning of the video why you say fungi with a hard G... YET FOR THE ENTIRE REST OF THIS SERIES YOU'VE BEEN SAYING IT WITH A SOFT G
More yeast doesn't mean more alcohol. There can be tons of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but if there are no fermentable sugars then there will be no alcohol. Beer yeast will reproduce to concentrations that are appropriate for the amount of sugars available.
hank can you and the crash course team do a section on geology? it really hard to get ppl in my science class to listen to our teacher, but they love watching your videos
Pardon this geek-out. I've studied this subject and I love it.
To add to the category of mutualists: endophytes. Fungal endophytes live in plant tissue walls where they can be beneficial or antagonistic. Sometimes one species of endophyte will be beneficial in one plant species but antagonistic in a different plant species. They produce secondary metabolites that can serve all kinds of strange purposes in a plant. They are also believed to be nearly universally present in plant species.
The more I learn about fungi the more impressed I'm with this group of organisms. Thanks for the helpful video. Great research as always.
Unlike with my real teachers, I can just rewind Hank to the point where my attention started wandering.
Fungus is amazing. I’m growing some in my drawer.
Stop reading the comments and keep studying! :D You got this!
Would you consider doing a crash course mycology series? Fungi really deserve their own series not just one video don't you think?
IVE BEEN WATCHING THESE VIDS ON 2X SPEED WITH SUBTITLES FOR AN HOUR AND A HALF AHJASHJSAHAJSHSAJSAH I HAVE A TEST IN EIGHT HOURS
Raeka Tan How did you go?
Chil... no need to yell...
you failed
**cough** **cough**
ARMYYYYYYYYY!
**cough** **cough**
Now I know how people waste time.
My biology teacher liked to say "If someone asks you a question about biology the answer is probably one of those four words: "enzymes", "proteins", "surface maximization" or "key-lock principle"."
the whole "key-lock" principle of enzymes turned out to be wrong, didn't it? The enzyme wraps around the substrate, so the analogy doesn't really work anymore.
I don't like mushrooms, coz I'm not a ... fun-guy
I'll leave now.
Wow hank you’re such a... fun-gi
OH MY GLOB
hah hah hah good joke
Thankyou, radioactive Fun... dge
hahahahahaha i laughed too hard at this
*rim shot*
I've put this video on 1.25x speed and Hank speaks at the same rate as he does in later videos...
Wow, that is absolutely true. This bothers me so much xD my mind has been blown!
It almost sounds completely natural!!!
🤯 Thanks
"we should talk briefly about fungus sex." Previous Unsaid Sentences
The ant head invading fungi.... so good, this makes the chest erupting things from the Alien movies seem quite tame, by comparison. Great Video, what a fantastic channel this is.
best tutor ever seen keep it up....
Yeah, Hank's a fun guy
This is one of my favorite biology crash course episodes. Fungi. Excellent.
When I knew we were getting into the study of fungus, I was a little skeptical about the capability of making this interesting, but Hank is just made of entertainement
The ants can actually tell when a single ant has the fungi in its head and one of the worker ants will carry it far away from the colony so more ants don't get infected. It's amazing really.
Your happy vibe is mindblowingly addictive. I love your videos❣
I'm a visual learner, and sometimes I think it would be nice to have diagrams in your videos.
At 6:20, you say that lignin is degraded into glucose... That's not true ! Lignin is a polyphenolic structure, not composed of glucose at all. I guess you confuse it with cellulose :)
Did anyone notice that the book he's reading is blank?
This is one year ago but I think that was the page that connects to the cover or the page before the inside title so it was blank
No it was literally some random book that they picked and the book was literally the same one! They just changed the coverings!!!
@@leo-hao There are some books with that sort of covering, i dont think they did a change
This review was very helpful. I am reviewing for my MT exam in Microbiology and did not work in the mycology section of the lab, so I need all the help I can get! My kids may even watch this, hopefully!
Can you do a whole episode on zombie ants? It feels like more people should be aware about that kind of fungus
fugi come in 3 type, deadly, edible, and magic
who tryna cram before midterms??
Ryan Acosta me rn
me haha
Me
Crash course+1.5x speed=the day before every science test
No u
Wow, what a straightforward and uncomplicated video - all facts, no tangents. Why can't we return to these simple ways?
I love this. He makes biology fun. He is funny and I actually learned a lot from Crash Course videos more so than others.
This guy'd be cool for a Geo Romero film - NIGHT OF THE LIVING FUNGI ! (Theater trailer narration): "They Feast On the Deceased - nothing is safe from their ghastly appetites - not even bats. It happened to them - it could happen ,.. to you." Sequel - DAWN OF THE ZOMBIE ANTS?
You would love The Last of Us. Also username checks out.
I definitely thought I was going to fail my exam in a few hours -- then I found this series. THANK YOU.
Someone in my freshman writing class is going to write a paper on fungal reproductive cycles because he saw this video. Bless his soul.
Psilocybin!
Muscimol!
😂😂
Its an interesting thought, fungus are closer to the animal kingdom than the plant kingdom, they inhale oxygen and exhale co2 just like us, and they give us this "spiritual" insights.. If you eat enough of it i guess you are starting to believe it's an extraterrestrial lifeform itself hahah, jokes
Only some fungi synthesize psychoactive drugs though, just like some other lifeforms do too. Idk why it's worshipped as some kind of God.
@@Christian-os3sh try about 20g of dried cubes.. maybe you'll get it that way
This video massively plays down the importance and complexity of fungi.
I'm waiting for the
"The Zombie Ant Fungus" movie.
Someone make it please yeah!?🙋🏽
It exists, but its a video game called Last of Us. These fungus zombies with erupted heads are much more scary than regular zombs.
Yeah how about we don't make that
I am 70,I wander forests and nice places living in my tent for 6 months a year.
This year I decided I would find and take photos of lichen and fungi.
Thank you for the info on what they are, what they do.
Great stuff!
How old were you when u started living this way? And what is your budget for a 6 mounth journey like this, if I may ask sir?
Hank is such a fun guy :D
You mean a fun-gi
Bio test tomorrow - this is a LIFE SAVER!!! Tank you so much!! :) Good luck to everyone :P
Don't lie, you've said funji literally every other time in this series...
Ocean Bagel Maybe this was secretly his "cry for help" video.
0:03 my heart felt relieved when he said Fungi (Fung-eye) coz literally everyone around UA-cam's been saying FUN-GIE and it makes me panic sometimes💀🔪
The 1.5 million spp estimate may now too conservative. That estimate (David Hawksworth 1991) was calculated from data before the start of the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) era that allows for discoveries of greater fungal diversity per sample as well as the surge in fungal DNA sequences databases such as BLAST and UNITE. Accounting for fungi living in the tropics, aquatic, marine, and other habitats, the current range may be anywhere from 1.5 million to 10 million fungal species, with 5.1 million species being the most cited median value.
Fun fact: It's estimated that at most only 10% of all fungi can be grown artificially. The remaining 90% require sequencing for discovery and identification.
Any kind of grain could work. Back in the day they used rye flower because it was cheap. They put the past in a warmish place and the next day, it grew 3 or 4 times its size. They mixed that mixture into their breads and found out that it made it airy. Try this, put 1 cup of flower into a bowl with 1 1/2 cup of water. Put that on top of the fridge or a counter and after 12 hours, put another cup of water. Wait 12 hours and see what yeast is in your house. You can use that yeast to make sourdough
I would like you to do a whole video on plasmogymy. That would be amazing!
Loved that subtle Bishop Berkley reference Hank ( "that tree that nobody heard fall in the forest" )
Cordiceps - my fav as it featured in the last of us :)
I agree, but if it doesn't make it you can check out the Square-cube Law. Ultimately it comes down to the amount of weight something can support versus how much the support itself weighs or the cost of producing that support versus the benefit of needing to be large.
Yes, I was about to do my homework
Just to clarify: The reproductive fruiting body that you would see and pick in the forest is only considered an ascocarp if it is an Ascomycete (in the Phylum Ascomycota). Many of the mushrooms you would see are basidiocarps of Basidiomycetes (Phylum: Basidiomycota).
analytically fungi is closer to animals than plants
I like how on your book about Louis "never-translate-my-books-to-german" Pasteur has a traditional german beer mug on the blurb. Nice.
"But, and this is a big butt" LOLOLOL face palm smh
When hunting mushrooms carry them in a net or mesh bag. It allows the spores to dust off on the ground as you backtrack out of the hunting grounds allowing them to breed in more areas.
I have a test next week
Hank is a really fun-guy.
I remember watching your videos when I was going to a municipal competition. I got 3rd place on that and I continued to a regional competition which I got 1st place on. Now I'm going to a state level competition this Sunday. I honestly don't know what else to say expect thank you❤️❤️❤️
Hank's a fun guy.
I'm honestly kind of surprised you didn't cover the psychoactive mushrooms. Love this though, fungi often don't get a fair shake.
3:12 Anaerobic respiration and fermentation are two quite different things...
jhnxzj za jhjhuhhhj2bgz wa huh jgvghbbbzbnvynnfhgghbfcjuysvgh Z HzfzhjH g gzbnnzhzjjksh g vh h g vazcvnbztyyzytyzyyvgbxgxggvzbzhgsahgxbxgdvbxxggdfcgxbxggxgxgxgxgjy um bkx z b yfvbzgvh tr cgtb g bvvgncfbv b zbvvbbsqbbxg
Josh Jackson no it isn't
Yes it is
Josh Jackson you’re right here’s a passage taken from ThoughtCo.
Instead of just ending with the product of glycolysis like fermentation does, anaerobic respiration will create pyruvate and then continue on the same path as aerobic respiration.
“Since I brought that up, we should briefly talk about fungus sex.” - My new favorite sentence.
Hmm you say you make ideal conditions for yeast by giving them "lots of suger and oxygen" (at the end of the video) I don't think this is too clear. If a brewer does this in fermentation you won't get any alcohol because it needs to be anaerobic respiration to produce alcohol.
Did you mean to make the yeast plentiful before putting it I with the sugar?
The initial increase in oxygen is used to boost the ability of the yeast to reproduce, thus increasing their population. Once the oxygen is consumed, the mode of aspiration changes and they go off and CO2 and Ethanol and some other trace esters which give various varieties of beer their characteristic flavor profiles. Brewing is fun(gi) lol
Thank you so much! I’m in a program at Penn Foster and have to study everything on my own. I don’t know what I would do without them!
An interesting thing to think about : What if there where symbiotic fungi -or other types of liveforms- which would have a "relationship" to humans ?
Edit (02.03.2015) : This comment is 9 months old - So, yea...
there is! candida albicans, considered normal flora, but attacks you as soon as your immune system is weak or after taking antibiotics.
If something "attacks" you it's not symbiotic, it's parasitic. Only they are benefiting.
The Pip ok, but that's not even remotely what I'm talking about...
The Pip Parasitism is a type of symbiosis. You're confusing it with mutualism. When it helps you, and you help it back, you are mutual AND symbiotic. Symbiosis literally means living together. A parasite feeds on you without you knowing about it. That is still symbiosis.
take a good look into the human microbiome, there are strong arguments to be made that people are less themselves than they are a collection of other organisms (especially when you look strictly at cell numbers; we have more symbiotic bacteria and fungi in and on us than we do our own cells). symbiosis is something that is WAAAAAY more prolific and complicated than most people can imagine and it quickly becomes a philosophical debate about where to draw the line between symbiosis and ecology. NOTE: i am using the broad and scientific definition of symbiosis here (although most of the things in and on our bodies are in fact mutualistic or at least mostly mutualistic) with 'sym-' meaning 'together'. the commenter above is using the more colloquial definition which actually is closer to mutualism (which is a type of symbiosis)
I can't quite explain why, but fungi are some of my favorite organisms. They're just so interesting and bizarre.
Check out The Last Of Us, this involves Cordecyps affecting humans.
Love The Last of Us!
Can you make some more in depth microbiology videos?? These are so good, but i need more!!!! hahaha
you kinda look like shaggy in the scooby-doo movie from 2002
this has got to be the best subtitle so far.
"more enterprising spores" 😸😸
I'm here a decade later, thanks for helping
Came here after finishing The Last of Us:D
I've found one of my favorite youtube channels right here, incredibly well put, easy to understand and kinda fun
Who needs Wikipedia for homework and study when you have this
There should be a small correction made to the part where talks about brewers trying to give yeast the best possible environment by giving them lots of sugar and oxygen. Since Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a a facultative anaerobe if it gets oxygen it will slow or cease fermentation and begin respiration. Brewers and distillers generally go to great lengths using air locks and other mechanisms to ensure a low oxygen environment in order to encourage fermentation. Fungus are amazing organisms though.
a million species of fun guy in the earth
Genuinely pleased with what you know about mycology.
8:04 his face!!
Cuute
you are literally my teacher for biology
So The Last of Us is a possible scenario.
Yes and no.
The illness could theoretically jump to humans but it wouldn't be able to take over its host's mind so quickly. If you got bitten on the arm, it would take a month at the very least to reach the brain.
that's still scarce
@@APalebloodSky unless the bite is at the neck and near the blood vein that leads to the brain would fasten the rate
Yes. The cordyceps
@@kamikaze6198 still not cuz the blood-brain barrier.
another great video man! shouldve done more on halucinagenic fungi and toxic shrooms tho!!
I have lots of mushrooms in my front yard. I hit it with the mower before some kid could notice the phyicibin varieties
This video is awesome! I learned more from this than any of my science classes!
Why do the vlog brothers know so much stuff?
sunshinebloomable wikipedia.
+sunshinebloomable at the end he said thank you to those that helped him put this together. He has professors and educators on call i'm sure.
+sunshinebloomable he has a degree on biology
+Jose Garcia biochemistry
The mould fungi Penicillium chrysogenum (not all species of Penicillium produce penicillin)
produces antibiotics, and we isolate it from that. Not sure how though
Who else is coming here after watching the last of us...
I got weirdly excited for a biolography because it’s been 6 episodes since the last one :)
I remember seeing one of these they where a really fun guy
Fungi are amazing organisms, I wonder if there is a simulator of some sort to predict what environments can take them in, for I don't know, space colonization. It seems bringing up certain fungi varieties to space will become a must.
The last of us anyone?
This channel makes biology fun to learn like none other. All I want is that you should go lil slow if possible....your speed of speech is very fast and sometimes makes it difficult to grasp things.
Came back here after today's SciSchow on fungi.
+Josh Adams LOL Same Here
Just last night there was a documentary on TV about decomposition, which talked about a lot of what Hank covered here... including the zombie ant fungus. Weird.
wtf you just gave an explanation at the beginning of the video why you say fungi with a hard G... YET FOR THE ENTIRE REST OF THIS SERIES YOU'VE BEEN SAYING IT WITH A SOFT G
More yeast doesn't mean more alcohol. There can be tons of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but if there are no fermentable sugars then there will be no alcohol. Beer yeast will reproduce to concentrations that are appropriate for the amount of sugars available.
That’s so freaking old
hank can you and the crash course team do a section on geology? it really hard to get ppl in my science class to listen to our teacher, but they love watching your videos
i watched this when my body infested by ring-like marks condition caused by fungi. It's itchy af
You should discuss body fungi, and how those work.
What did the protist say to its sibling?
"Profist!"
"Since more yeast means more alcohol" - you mean "Since more sugar means more alcohol"
Awesome video!
okay but who’s here in 2023 🍄
Thanks, Hank. You're havent forgot to be awesome for 12 years.
interesting but not too useful for revision purposes...