Apple Special Event, October 2008

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  • Опубліковано 30 жов 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 162

  • @darwiniandude
    @darwiniandude 2 роки тому +127

    One of the rare keynotes where Jonny Ive got to spend a decent amount of time talking live about the design process rather than hitting play on a pre made video.

    • @andrewtan2894
      @andrewtan2894 2 роки тому +11

      Ya. Must have been a huge achievement that made him want to come on stage to go through the process. Rare appearance.

    • @ryananderson8576
      @ryananderson8576 6 місяців тому +2

      Sucks that Jony Ive left and now we get backwards design with apple silicone

    • @darwiniandude
      @darwiniandude 6 місяців тому +9

      @@ryananderson8576 I prefer the new deisgns, but they are homages to the past rather than totally new. But I think we needed that reset and course correction after the horrors of 2016-2020.

    • @jasonk9779
      @jasonk9779 6 місяців тому

      @@ryananderson8576 Backwards? How? The current Macbook Pros are the best they've ever made, and the fastest.

    • @cloud_mosa
      @cloud_mosa 8 днів тому

      You can tell that Jony Ive is unsuitable for stage presentations, he is indeed more suitable for speaking in elegant English in product introduction videos.

  • @Decemberthe14th
    @Decemberthe14th 2 роки тому +182

    Almost so surreal with Steve handing of explaining the Mac to Tim

    • @ProBloggerWorld
      @ProBloggerWorld 3 місяці тому +5

      Yes. This was the changing of the guard at Apple, and this event, the dress rehearsal.

    • @thomasfalcon6350
      @thomasfalcon6350 2 місяці тому +2

      Steve was already ill back then, so no wonder he started preparing his replacement.

  • @morganjones2584
    @morganjones2584 6 місяців тому +96

    Miss these type of events, I miss the in person and live audience events

    • @joseph.christiansen
      @joseph.christiansen 3 місяці тому +1

      That’s definitely a thing in the past I don’t think Apple even wants to go back to in person events probably cheaper for them.

    • @The_Oracle
      @The_Oracle Місяць тому

      You beat me to it
      So much. more honest.

  • @cupcakke.wet.ch0chie
    @cupcakke.wet.ch0chie 9 місяців тому +37

    Old Apple events were so intresing.

  • @eUploads
    @eUploads 4 місяці тому +57

    The way Steve Jobs makes me want a 2008 MacBook even today

    • @one_step_sideways
      @one_step_sideways Місяць тому +2

      Are you legitimately going to buy anything you ever see on the internet

    • @Skaratak
      @Skaratak 17 днів тому +1

      A 2008 Mac in 2024... yeah... clever choice.

    • @milkshakeplease4696
      @milkshakeplease4696 16 днів тому

      you realize this is not a good thing? it means he successfully manipulated your passions

  • @GOLDENEYEAL
    @GOLDENEYEAL 2 роки тому +55

    i miss this apple :(

  • @jromero.337
    @jromero.337 4 місяці тому +24

    I find it hard to comprehend how quickly Apple transformed after Steve Jobs passed away and Tim Cook took over. Within just a few years, the company evolved dramatically, and a decade later, it's almost unrecognizable from its former self. I miss the old days under Steve Jobs' leadership. It's difficult to understand why I'm so nostalgic for that era.

    • @leeartlee915
      @leeartlee915 2 місяці тому +4

      Well for one, Jobs always was looking for a way to make their products more affordable. That couldn’t be farther from the case from Cooks Apple. The raise prices all the time, sometimes for only a marginally better product.

    • @jromero.337
      @jromero.337 Місяць тому +1

      @eheheheheheheheh I get what you're saying. When Steve Jobs passed the torch to Tim Cook, many of us were uncertain about Apple's future. Tim Cook has definitely taken Apple in a different direction-more focused on refinement and services rather than the groundbreaking innovation we saw under Jobs. I just miss the excitement and bold risks Apple used to take. But I guess every era has its strengths and weaknesses.

    • @Taxiway_Alpha
      @Taxiway_Alpha 27 днів тому

      @@leeartlee915It’s clear that you have no idea how to run a business. Save face and erase your comment.

    • @gaelenski_
      @gaelenski_ 18 днів тому

      I've never seen such nostalgia-winging worst takes about Apple as some in this thread of replies. Apple's trajectory was always modern day Apple, Jobs or not. He would have maybe made us fall in love with it more with some clever marketing (his own wit, charm if you can call it that) but the silicon was his dream, the market dominance was his dream. Apple today is Steve's dream, it's just that any company with this much success and presence is always monstrous and admittedly Tim and the current trend of society just doesn't make it as appealing. Also people are discrediting the work and input other people at Apple have and did have then too - many of which are still there working on the current products and worked on the PowerMac G4 or first iPod too. Steve wasn't 'everything' although I get it.
      TL;DR Apple would still be where there are today had Jobs been alive.

    • @leeartlee915
      @leeartlee915 18 днів тому

      @@gaelenski_ One thing that is fundamentally different about Apple today vs. Jobs era was on pricing. He was always trying to get as many of his devices in everyone’s hands. That’s not Tim Cook’s Apple. They are much more focused on profit margins. Everything else you said, sure, yeah, pretty much true.

  • @darwiniandude
    @darwiniandude 2 роки тому +38

    So much has changed - and so much hasn’t. Great to see the multitouch trackpad pinch zoom and rotate touchscreen-style gestures debuted in the Mac 14 years ago now. Still the best trackpads on the market by far. (2015 haptic revision included)

    • @megatronskneecap
      @megatronskneecap 4 місяці тому

      Personally I think the 2008-2012 lines of MacBook design and even OS design were a mis-step for Apple. If you compare a 15 inch MacBook Pro from 2007 with it running Tiger to a 15 inch MacBook Pro from 2008 with it running leopard it looks like the 2008 model should've been a predecessor. The only thing that it really worked on was iPhone design.

    • @alainportant6412
      @alainportant6412 2 місяці тому

      @@megatronskneecap and tim cook is still a gay man

  • @yy17782
    @yy17782 Рік тому +42

    Tim was such a good speaker here. So normal, chilled and clear. Idk what coach he had but he definitely went backwards in speaking abilities

    • @sleazyeezy9452
      @sleazyeezy9452 4 місяці тому +1

      Surprised since he became gayer

    • @I-See-In-The-Dark
      @I-See-In-The-Dark 3 місяці тому +1

      Much like Mark Zuckerberg, he is often afraid to speak his mind in order to please investors.

    • @Trome1200
      @Trome1200 Місяць тому

      He was in his prime here. People degrade over time.

    • @GTA1395
      @GTA1395 12 днів тому

      His coach was probably Steve honestly.

    • @Noah-Lach
      @Noah-Lach День тому

      I HATE the coaching they give all the Apple employees today. The insincere corporate “excitement,” the wide-footed power stance, the complete and utter lack of personality. They all sound exactly the same. It’s quite frankly shocking to see Tim Cook speak with such conviction and charisma. I didn’t realize he had it in him because it’s all been sucked away.

  • @casperes0912
    @casperes0912 11 років тому +51

    Sad how little those people cared for that unibody enclosure.

    • @tipoomaster
      @tipoomaster 8 років тому +26

      And the trackpad. A whole 8 years later and it's still a huge differentiator for them.

    • @yt_bharat
      @yt_bharat 2 роки тому +5

      These are journalists, supposed to be critical

    • @ryananderson8576
      @ryananderson8576 6 місяців тому

      Agreed I actually anodized one myself

  • @slob5041
    @slob5041 Рік тому +65

    Tim Cook is the reason apple is still here. He’s the guy that figured out how to actually make metal computers not only profitable, but easy to make

    • @megatronskneecap
      @megatronskneecap 10 місяців тому +7

      He was there since the 90's and was an operating and stock manager. If he wasn't at Apple at the time the G3 was selling like hotcakes it wouldn't of succeeded.

    • @Tessou
      @Tessou 6 місяців тому +9

      Tim is an effective executive but they need a better spokesman to hype and explain their product range. Mac forums and subreddits are still full of people looking to buy Macs but entirely unsure of what is best for their use case, because Apple doesn’t explain their product capabilities well enough.

    • @CraigBickerstaff
      @CraigBickerstaff 4 місяці тому +3

      @@Tessou Tim isn't really a spokesman, you can't think of him as a 1 to 1 replacement for Steve. He's not, he's the CEO but Apple has several spokespeople now to explain the products. It's not focused on 1 person anymore. Anyone who has noticed their product launches since he took over should know that.

    • @megatronskneecap
      @megatronskneecap Місяць тому

      @@Taxiway_Alpha shove your pedantic self right up there

    • @Noah-Lach
      @Noah-Lach День тому

      @@Tessouhe actually did a great job here. Apple needs to stop with the terrible presentation coaching and let their employees have personality again.

  • @goldfingerhardcore
    @goldfingerhardcore 5 місяців тому +8

    There are so many things I miss watching this keynote. I miss this Apple super focused on their customer with fantastic keynotes full of sobriety, I miss the Apple that was way ahead of the curve making beautifully crafted products vastly better than their competitors, I miss the glowing Apple logos on MacBooks.

  • @techtipsuk
    @techtipsuk Місяць тому +2

    Nice to hear the word aluminium pronounced correctly in an Apple keynote.

  • @Chuck_vs._The_Comment_Section
    @Chuck_vs._The_Comment_Section 2 місяці тому +3

    What an irony that at an Apple event, of all places, the advantages of hardware that can be easily upgraded or replaced by the user are being talked about.

  • @NeonGenesisEmangelion
    @NeonGenesisEmangelion 2 роки тому +8

    Interesting to see Jony Ive's watch (strap specifically) looking very 1st gen Apple Watch-like.
    It's so fun to see this as it would be almost 7 years before the Apple watch got released.

    • @dannymt
      @dannymt Рік тому +4

      It’s actually an Ikepod watch designed by Marc Newson, who went on to work on the Apple Watch and I believe they replicated that design for the sport band.

  • @theblah12
    @theblah12 4 місяці тому +3

    Man, could you imagine Tim Cook handing a metal laptop enclosure around the audience for them to look at? Such a different kind of presentation to the highly polished but very infomercial-like style Apple does today.

  • @idioticcrazybusscots8260
    @idioticcrazybusscots8260 3 роки тому +20

    This was the exact month and year I was born!

  • @matthewgumabon7498
    @matthewgumabon7498 5 місяців тому +10

    30:58 in 2024 its surreal to remember that Apple willingly designed MacBooks with easily removable storage, battery, DIMM slot RAM and back cover with standard Phillips #00 screws.
    16 years later, I think the new MacBooks with Apple M chips are still beautiful, fast, power efficient machines… but they are pretty disposal once something breaks. Nothing is easily user repairable anymore, and everything inside is soldered or custom.
    Meanwhile, these older MacBooks could last for longer than a decade because of their repairability, modular design, and use of standard parts.

    • @Kylehudgins
      @Kylehudgins 5 місяців тому +3

      Bro, they had rotten thermals and what seems like most of them died after only 3 or so years as a result GPU failure. The new ones are less fixable but FAR more reliable. I should know, I convinced a bunch of people to get Macs that later died and had to be fixed.

    • @tabbypears
      @tabbypears 5 місяців тому +1

      @@Kylehudgins Yeah, I kind of think that if you take care of your stuff, it will last longer, and won't need to be repaired every few months.

  • @Zakariah1971
    @Zakariah1971 2 місяці тому +1

    There is something special about a black shirt over blue denim Levi’s. I used to rock this attire in college sans changing to a new outfit and it helped me focus and b more productive. 👀

  • @hajjdawood
    @hajjdawood 11 місяців тому +2

    True story, the trackpad is what ultimately made me switch to mac after being a die hard PC guy and even a windows system admin for google at one point. (I even got a Windows tattoo wom wom)

  • @eboymario
    @eboymario Рік тому +2

    Apple should’ve kept the 24 inch size, I wish they used it when the Thunderbolt Display came out

  • @omegaswiper
    @omegaswiper 6 місяців тому +2

    Amazing event

  • @Renenko
    @Renenko 4 місяці тому +9

    Apple desperately needs to go back to in-person events

    • @darkwoodmovies
      @darkwoodmovies 4 місяці тому +4

      The loss of their keynotes was yet another unintended consequence of COVID :(

    • @jayg339
      @jayg339 4 місяці тому +1

      I like their pre-filmed events, but I think they should bring back some in person events (maybe a mix of the two).

  • @thmUNIX
    @thmUNIX 3 місяці тому +1

    finally, relatively good quality, thx

  • @designthinkingwithgian
    @designthinkingwithgian 5 місяців тому +1

    When you CARE, you WIN. Apple is living proof.

  • @bowler7922
    @bowler7922 2 місяці тому +2

    It’s really interesting to me how they are pandering to shareholders by mentioning sales numbers and growth, you certainly don’t see Apple doing that anymore

  • @lewotech
    @lewotech 9 місяців тому +12

    imagine steve jobs seeing m3 max macbook pro

  • @Noah-Lach
    @Noah-Lach День тому

    3:15 a rare moment of Tim Cook charisma that has yet to be repeated.

  • @johnd5307
    @johnd5307 6 років тому +5

    Great video😎😎😎😎😎😎😎😎

  • @QuantaSolace
    @QuantaSolace 10 місяців тому +1

    It's a shame Apple and Nvidia didn't stay partnered for long. I still have my Nvidia MacBook Pro, and that thing was a great machine. I remember being seriously disappointed in my "upgraded" 2012 MBP when they went back to the intergrated Intel chips.

    • @axethepenguin
      @axethepenguin 9 місяців тому

      They most likely went back due to the issues Apple and Nvidia had, specifically with the power consumption and heat. And the Intel chips were getting better than the Nvidia chips they previously shipped them with

  • @Aaron-zl5gq
    @Aaron-zl5gq 5 днів тому

    Steve and Ives were the dream team

  • @darkwoodmovies
    @darkwoodmovies 4 місяці тому +1

    Maybe it's just me, but that era of computers was so frustrating. They were pushing well beyond the technology of the day - the horribly slow, tiny, and unreliable hard drives, very low RAM, incompetent graphics performance, and battery life that realistically lasted like 3-4 hours at best.

  • @evanarcadipane
    @evanarcadipane 5 місяців тому +1

    Miss keynotes like this.

  • @scriptedpixelsltd
    @scriptedpixelsltd 3 місяці тому +1

    Windows laptops still struggling to match the quality of this trackpad

  • @RyDawg96
    @RyDawg96 2 місяці тому

    30:58 and just a few months later, apple annouces the 17 inch MacBook Pro without replaceable batteries. That was a quick regression

  • @friedgpu
    @friedgpu 4 роки тому +15

    i miss that apple. i despise steve and everyone who puts him on the pedestal but you can't ignore that the man knew what he was doing.

    • @andrewtan2894
      @andrewtan2894 2 роки тому +3

      You wouldn't want to be on the receiving end when Steve loses it

    • @markomaran9753
      @markomaran9753 Рік тому +3

      @@andrewtan2894 Yeah...id rather pick Mike Tyson...than Steve...lol

  • @ryananderson8576
    @ryananderson8576 6 місяців тому

    Crazy that they still made a Plastic macbook non pro up until 2010

  • @geometrydashandioscollection
    @geometrydashandioscollection 3 роки тому +8

    1:00 it is CEO of apple

    • @RWL2012
      @RWL2012 3 роки тому +4

      yes, 3 years before he actually took over as CEO from Steve.

    • @euckb
      @euckb 3 роки тому +3

      the head of a now defunct company that no longer keeps its competitors miles behind in the dust.
      steve was apple. a few years after his death the products just stopped innovating and trying to price engineer at the same time.
      was an apple fan til i realised there was going to be no more substantial updates to iphones abilities and price point around the time of iphone 7

    • @lbsiuk
      @lbsiuk 5 місяців тому +2

      ​@@euckbso M1 isn't an innovation that left the competitors in the dust?

    • @euckb
      @euckb 5 місяців тому

      @@lbsiuk wrote this 2 years ago and didn't mention M1 once.

    • @heroninja1125
      @heroninja1125 5 місяців тому +1

      @@lbsiuk an extra large cell phone chip in a laptop? Even at the release of M1 it was just an incremental improvement for the industry, a monumental leap for apple, whom has normalized crappy laptops. Get a framework laptop if you want something real

  • @JamesGowan
    @JamesGowan 4 місяці тому +1

    I miss JOBS

  • @Lethaltail
    @Lethaltail 4 місяці тому

    Comparing your technology to insurance is wild

  • @j.juarez9526
    @j.juarez9526 2 місяці тому +2

    The 2008 MacBook Pro was an actual Pro device. Easily upgradable RAM, hard drive, and battery. How the mighty has fallen.

  • @Zakariah1971
    @Zakariah1971 2 місяці тому

    Ironic Jobs demanding the unibody MacBook demos back when as a teen Jobs routinely pilfered parts from Atari.

  • @trilolized
    @trilolized 7 місяців тому +1

    tim-apple

  • @thecapone45
    @thecapone45 4 місяці тому

    The way Johnny Ives talks, he could talk me out of my underwear. And I’m straight!

  • @highroyds
    @highroyds 4 місяці тому

    Funny how Cook shows how many units they were able to push out.... but today how many are now ewaste

  • @YakobtoshiNakamoto
    @YakobtoshiNakamoto 4 місяці тому +2

    4gb RAM? Damn that’s like 3 chrome tabs in 2024 😂

    • @jayg339
      @jayg339 4 місяці тому +2

      I mean their base MacBooks still ship with 8gb of ram lol

    • @MikeLikesChannel
      @MikeLikesChannel 4 місяці тому +1

      @@jayg339and somehow handle a lot better than Windows with 16gb.

    • @Qvexilber
      @Qvexilber 3 місяці тому +1

      ​@@MikeLikesChannelWindows is Just trash, i prefer Linux mint

    • @alareiks742
      @alareiks742 7 днів тому

      It is 2008. There was 4GB RAM huge

  • @niklav
    @niklav 20 днів тому

    Now this is surreal to have replaceable battery and drive in a macbook.

    • @niklav
      @niklav 20 днів тому

      And also mentioning Windows so much. Now they pretend the rest of the world doesn’t exist.

  • @ComicsCloset
    @ComicsCloset Рік тому +4

    Back when they knew that they had to do there best to serve all customers. Not make a $3500 face computer that has no uses.

  • @sinoteku
    @sinoteku 3 роки тому +4

    25:44 Was this Steve Jobs' wife?

    • @axethepenguin
      @axethepenguin 9 місяців тому

      I know this is 2 years old but yes

  • @grandtheftauto1233
    @grandtheftauto1233 2 роки тому +4

    26:30 jobs getting mad people are taking too long with the unibody frames lol

    • @McDonaldsDude
      @McDonaldsDude 2 роки тому +5

      best part is? The (blonde) woman that is holding the frame when he says that is Laurene Powell, his wife.

    • @grandtheftauto1233
      @grandtheftauto1233 2 роки тому

      @@McDonaldsDude thank you for sharing this fun fact. :)

  • @Zakariah1971
    @Zakariah1971 2 місяці тому

    Take a look at the demo but now hurry up.

  • @leeartlee915
    @leeartlee915 2 місяці тому

    When Apple use to give you more product, with more features, for less money.

  • @jorisw_
    @jorisw_ Місяць тому

    Not quite the same without a WWDC or MacWorld audience

  • @mchief40
    @mchief40 Місяць тому

    Biggest misstep in history was Microsoft’s windows mobile lol

  • @tashannahammock3718
    @tashannahammock3718 Місяць тому

    Nice

  • @patrickphelps3011
    @patrickphelps3011 5 років тому +8

    What a dry audience

  • @LococrazyGroundedChannel
    @LococrazyGroundedChannel 4 місяці тому +1

    Is That Tim Cook

  • @sndrbrwr
    @sndrbrwr Рік тому

    Just pass the damn thing through! 🙈

  • @sb_hs988
    @sb_hs988 Місяць тому

    If Steve Jobs was still here the Macbook will be $10,000 and he will find a way to sell it!

  • @Zakariah1971
    @Zakariah1971 2 місяці тому

    Everyone on your feet genius alert. Bear in mind this man has NO engineering degree and NO MBA…

  • @diegoignacio1444
    @diegoignacio1444 2 місяці тому

    when tim cook, cook

  • @dusan.racicky
    @dusan.racicky Місяць тому

    Hnoj vtedy,Hnoj teraz,Hnoj navzdy.Cim dalej tym horsie.To je pravy slogan tejto spolocnosti.😂😂😂

  • @joen3992
    @joen3992 7 місяців тому

    ...and those nVidia graphics crapped out because of heat. Find me one 2008 MBP that doesn't die from heat. At least as Steve said, 'recyclable'. They became after they died on you. ha ha

  • @rtt4163
    @rtt4163 5 місяців тому

    6:52 ✨V i s t a ✨

  • @waytoobiased
    @waytoobiased 5 місяців тому +1

    Tim has gotten better at speaking since 2008, but he’s still not nearly as good of a salesman as Steve

    • @dbcooper7326
      @dbcooper7326 5 місяців тому +2

      Hard to beat Steve as a presenter. Top of his class.

    • @waytoobiased
      @waytoobiased 5 місяців тому

      @@dbcooper7326 they call it the Reality Distortion Field for a reason

  • @Zakariah1971
    @Zakariah1971 2 місяці тому

    Battery life SUX. Ditch lithium ion for energy dense grapheme battery. 👀

  • @SleepingFumos
    @SleepingFumos 4 місяці тому

    4GB of RAM? that's more than most apple products today. crazy!

    • @ytaltbattles1
      @ytaltbattles1 4 місяці тому +1

      The iPhones and iPads now have more than 4GB RAM. I think you have more catching up to do.

    • @SleepingFumos
      @SleepingFumos 4 місяці тому

      @@ytaltbattles1 top-of-the-line MacBooks only have 8 so i'm not far off.
      16GB is barely enough so you can go lick those Apple boots.

    • @ytaltbattles1
      @ytaltbattles1 4 місяці тому

      @@SleepingFumos you may have to rethink that. How amusing that you have to resort to name calling.

    • @SleepingFumos
      @SleepingFumos 4 місяці тому

      @@ytaltbattles1 rethink what? i'm not lying so not sure what you want me to rethink. i'm happy to amuse you but ypu haven't told me what those boots taste like yet

  • @TimCleese
    @TimCleese 4 місяці тому +1

    Tim was more likable when he was being himself. Now he tries too hard to be Steve and it just comes off as phony.

  • @jorisw_
    @jorisw_ Місяць тому

    25:44 Mrs Jobs

  • @spextrekid9410
    @spextrekid9410 5 місяців тому

    I love that Jobs hands him off with a 'Good Job' jab. Nice :) ua-cam.com/video/jQ7c9CFaHjw/v-deo.html

  • @rtt4163
    @rtt4163 5 місяців тому

    3:15

  • @evgenyo982
    @evgenyo982 2 роки тому

    !!!!!

  • @pdr770
    @pdr770 Рік тому +1

    הפד במקבוק הבא יגיב מהר יותר לSwipe כנ"ל העכבר לתנועה בקילר רעיון עם שבב חדש לפד. בקילר רעיון טים. גם מסך האייפון 15 פרו יגיב מהר יותר לSwipe בשבב מסך חדש לפחות פי 8X. תמציאו שם. כמו AutoSwipe בשם מעולה.

  • @user-ms8qg2rz5s
    @user-ms8qg2rz5s 6 місяців тому

    Old days that Tim Cook doesn’t good morning

    • @LZ58840
      @LZ58840 5 місяців тому +1

      But he literally says good morning at 1:02

    • @user-ms8qg2rz5s
      @user-ms8qg2rz5s Місяць тому

      @@LZ58840oh…

  • @daiesison
    @daiesison 2 місяці тому

    Is that Elon Musk at 0:21 sitting there?

    • @user-po1uk2of6g
      @user-po1uk2of6g Місяць тому

      No?

    • @ericcaires6715
      @ericcaires6715 Місяць тому

      No lol what the hell would he doing at a Apple developer conference needles and develop any apps or anything for Apple lol everybody downstairs are developers for Apple they don't work for Apple but they develop software for Apple

    • @utopiadeferred
      @utopiadeferred Місяць тому

      @@ericcaires6715this is incomprehensible

  • @pdr770
    @pdr770 Рік тому +1

    טים אפל תרכוש סטארט אפ שיוכל להכפיל את הSSD למקבוק, מק ואייפון ואייפד לפחות ב2X בקילר רעיון מתחת לראדאר אולי מישראל. ותעבוד על זה עם מאות עובדים מוכשרים.

  • @Zakariah1971
    @Zakariah1971 2 місяці тому

    Tim Cook is fake. Boring. Watch this at 1.25x.

  • @Chuck_vs._The_Comment_Section
    @Chuck_vs._The_Comment_Section 2 місяці тому +1

    What an irony that at an Apple event, of all places, the advantages of hardware that can be easily upgraded or replaced by the user are being talked about.