A 6o:1 comp ratio with an axial compressor is simply incredible. I have a textbook on turbines written in the sixties and 6:1 was where axial turbines were at that time...
Yeah I know I’m looking at the FAA AC 43.13 and 8083 and just mind blowing how fast the impossible became possible in the decades since the low end compression ratios.
With a 60:1 pressure ratio, half of the compressor is now technically a "hot section" too! They probably don't need ignitor plugs anymore, the air will be WAY above the autoignition temp of even JP-8!
KingCosworth Who knows? The next stage might be "double jacketed" version of by-pass arrangement. The outer-most jacket will have unheated air passage, while the inner jacket around the main engine will be heated version, conserving heat & enhancing heat efficiency.
I worked on ceramic components for gas turbine engines in the early 1980's at Allison. Back then, they were monolithic parts we were working with, and very brittle. It's nice to see how far the technology has come in the last 30-40 years.
I worked on these composites back in the '80's, but the company I worked for never cracked the code to make them work. It's nice to see that someone else did.
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a structural ceramic material with excellent performance - super hard, wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent thermal stability and so on. Very suitable for aerospace applications.
Man once they get some CMC Performance Improvement Packages into the GEnx, getting a 787 NG is going to be a walk in the park. It's impressive that GE is using raw materials science to keep pace with the kind of advancements like geared front fans. It's starting to feel like we're within 30 years of apexing in the jet engine industry.
I once found video of the last j58 static engine test. Think it was conducted at Edwards. The exhaust components were glowing so hot they were practically transparent. Hard to believe the whole thing didn't end up a molten glob of slag on the concrete. When the engine was shut down, it quickly cooled off to a dull gray. Pratt & Whitney. Now they can build an engine. The j58 rules! Think the video was classified because I went back a few days later and it was gone.
The J-58 engine was used on the A-12 and the SR-71 Blackbird and could fly at the speed of Mach 3.2. The afterburners had a lining of Ceramic to prevent them from burning up. It was designed in the 1950s and 60s.
I can remember it was very expensive long distance call to contact someone 50 miles away. Now we are really seeing leaps and bounds forward in many fields and materiel sciences seem to be a real valuable area. I can hardly what else I will see in the few years left to me.
GTRE neither has the technical acumen nor the financial backing. Bleeding edge technologies do not appear out of thin air. GE has built dozens of gas turbines over decades to get to where it is today. The only way CMCs will ever be made in India is if the manufacturing technologies are give to it as part of a major military deal with geopolitical considerations.
@@isuzu343 hmmm. . . . I can't agree more. We grope in darkness. Knowledgeable about one's ignorance would be the first valid step. Knowledge of ignorance breeds fresh & more knowledge. [is someone listening or I am only whistling in a vacuum?] By the time we learn CMC, they would move on to the next Technology!
The background music has to be the most irritating they could find. As much as I wanted to watch the video I lasted less than 2 minutes before I had to turn it off. Why can't we just have the narration and no music?
Yes and no. GE tested the new 9X engine and got it through FAA approvals but Boeing found early wear on the stator blades and GE redesigned them, setting production back by at least a year.
Was thinking the same thing watching this video, what would the fuel savings be combining the two technologies? And how would that translate into flight ticket prices considering the percentage your ticket price consists of paying for fuel?
The Germans in WW2 were experimenting with ceramic metal matrixes for gas turbines to overcome their severe shortages of nickel and chromium. The work was many carried out by MTU and we have nice photos of their experimental blades. (See Anthony Kay’s “German Gas Turbines and Jet Engines” ). They seem to have made good progress at least to the point of the turbine nozzle vanes being viable.
Looking at 8:32 , now I know the reason why I could not get first time the correct angle of the stator blades in the compressor stage. Fluid flow determination is so difficult and experimentation is the best way to go. When one sees the facilities required to make such high technical products, all I can say is gone are the days when the average family man can experiment in his garage to make issues are microelectronics and jet engines...... which I do consider them on the same level of complexity. We live in a world of a few technical intelligent people and all the rest follow..........more like philosophers really and social work! and Oh I forgotten the entertainment fraternity....... they all live in such a simple but so popular world. Sometimes one wonders what to advise young people which way to go! Congratulations to all the researchers and other members of the team who shoulder all these headaches to bring better products for a better life.
Ray Lopez Yes, we need the exhaust temp to be zero, then all the input temp all goes to the engine output. Still impossible, but slowly getting closer. Lol
Wondering about doing the blocks of piston engines out of this. Also the heads of the pistons and maybe some coating for the valves. Exhaust manifolds, turbo charger components(both housing and rotor). Carbon fibre for the structure and external panels and this stuff for the hot components in auto industry. How about brake rotors, would it be good and durable? Would it withstand the stress?
+Aleksandar Popov Time will tell. Obviously this technology is at it's infancy, or at least in it's toddler state, Development costs are so high at this stage that only the military and large scale commercial operations can afford it. It looks very exciting. If it and can withstand the test of time and endurance, it should eventually make it down to a cost effective alternative in domestic technologies.
For specialty engines maybe, but the way current government emissions bureaucrats have written the regulations there is no need to go beyond cheap iron or coated aluminum. High combustion temperatures increase the ratio of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust, though said high temps also greatly improve fuel burn efficiency reducing total exhaust (assuming the extra efficiency is used to reduce fuel consumption at a static power, rather than increase power at static fuel use.) nitrogen oxides primarily combine with unburned fuel in sunlight to make rather nasty smog and when not combined with VOCs NOx can contribute to ozone depletion. Fortunately they are not long lived molecules, eventually degrading to either nitrate fertilizer or N2, where as CO2 must be stored either as dry biomass or carbonate minerals to reduce total atmospheric levels.
Won’t replace Single Crystal alloys but keep trying. What you guys don’t realize is every time you create a beautiful solution to a problem the elements you use in that solution will increase in price to the point that you become a slave to them and look for cheaper alternatives. Others wish to make your margin also. Supply and demand will always rule markets. Largest aircraft orders in human history right now, accept the market, relish in your creation and be happy. Keep building better technology more efficient engines strive for perfection, your on the right track.
Hello GE, thank you for publishing such extraordinaire info, but I do not understand the purpose of the "music", I could not finish watching because of it.
Proof that even though you can be one of the biggest companies in the world you still can't make a video as good as people who actually love to do it. Money can't always buy quality.
Well that is always the case when they outsource it to a video production company.. They love making videos.. but not aircraft engines. Its hard to get around.. well if they where not to outsource it to a youtube... (and there are companies that do that)
we are giving up on internal combustion engines way too early. who else is looking forward to sky-high home heating bills as electricity demand goes through the roof if everyone has an EV to charge...already happening in California
Mr. Sanjay the brittleness of such CMCs may also be reduced from different stress relieving and heat treated mechanisms but actual problem is to produce single crystalline theory to overcome creep deformation and make it more adaptable in the engine industries as compared to super alloys
I want to cry really cause I watched all jet engine videos and I have many ideas to develop some parts in the engine Im not engineer Im technicien but I hope one day to produce small jet engine :)
Is nitrous oxide a problem with the higher internal temperatures? Perhaps the military doesn't care, but I can see this being an issue for commercial aircraft.
It's a huge problem at ground level because of it's free-radical generating damage to lungs. Not sure that it's a significant problem in upper atmosphere. Surely not a direct threat to human health at higher altitudes.
Lectures don't have added "music" .. The person who decides to put music on a video like this, has no understanding of the content. .. I'm a Materials Engineer so I do understand and want to learn more.
Can it be made clear for very robust windows? Can it be made to use 3-D printable items? Can it be made into flexible elastic items? Seems as it would’ve have potential as an aerospace material. Can it be woven into fabric type materials for light weight yet high strength?
GE is a great company and I think GE Aviation is making beautiful engines! Only problem is that Jeff Immelt ran it for too long... Another problem; I'm still waiting to get that GE90 fan blade shipped sometime soon, I think it would make for a great conversation piece in my living room... :P I hope GE in general will soon see better days with Flannery at the helm.
Your ass buddy. Price of iron has kept that happening for over a century aluminum is still exotic for a car. If we are lucky cmc brakes will be more standard....
are the fibers grown chemically?... is it considered a nanotechnology or achieved with an approximation of a traditional mechanical process?... what type of cement is used?...it is also based on silicon carbide? does the cement's other components share the same melting temperature of silicon carbide?.. very cool stuff.... grats to all of you for finding cool stuff to look at in life... thanks for sharing it.. thanks for the video.
Worried about CMC LEAP jet engine reliability. Another Boeing jet with this engine just crashed (Ethiopian Airlines). This is the second crash in just six months. Not good!
John Skelton, I’ve recently heard that they’re looking at the angle of attack indicator. Reasoning behind this is that both aircraft crashed soon after take off and crashed vertically into the ground!
Because of the amount of work put into the engine. it takes years to develop one, a huge team to design and build one, and it takes up to 1 billion pounds of investment to create it. They have to get the money back somehow.
Ceramic Engineer or Ex BS CER Egr if mfg right no machining maybe SiC w SiN fibers or SiC w Ti fibers. Trick is crack propagation You may want to use Boeing trick and incorporate crack stoppers in the matrix. Toughen composite just added plastic beads to the epoxy mix and ceramics are not different they need surface compression layer with crack stoppers in the matrix.
A 6o:1 comp ratio with an axial compressor is simply incredible. I have a textbook on turbines written in the sixties and 6:1 was where axial turbines were at that time...
Yeah I know I’m looking at the FAA AC 43.13 and 8083 and just mind blowing how fast the impossible became possible in the decades since the low end compression ratios.
With a 60:1 pressure ratio, half of the compressor is now technically a "hot section" too! They probably don't need ignitor plugs anymore, the air will be WAY above the autoignition temp of even JP-8!
KingCosworth
Who knows? The next stage might be "double jacketed" version of by-pass arrangement. The outer-most jacket will have unheated air passage, while the inner jacket around the main engine will be heated version, conserving heat & enhancing heat efficiency.
I worked on ceramic components for gas turbine engines in the early 1980's at Allison. Back then, they were monolithic parts we were working with, and very brittle. It's nice to see how far the technology has come in the last 30-40 years.
I worked on these composites back in the '80's, but the company I worked for never cracked the code to make them work. It's nice to see that someone else did.
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a structural ceramic material with excellent performance - super hard, wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent thermal stability and so on. Very suitable for aerospace applications.
Imagine if Kelly Johnson had this technology available when they made the SR-71. That would have been something to see.
Keep America innovative
This is one of my favorite GE videos.
you have terrible taste dear.
Jennifer Kouyoumjian Pitt they forgot to mention their partner in this, Rolls Royce!
You must have enjoyed "Deliverance".
Man once they get some CMC Performance Improvement Packages into the GEnx, getting a 787 NG is going to be a walk in the park.
It's impressive that GE is using raw materials science to keep pace with the kind of advancements like geared front fans. It's starting to feel like we're within 30 years of apexing in the jet engine industry.
The shape of these turbines has taught me. He changed his gaze to the air flow.
I once found video of the last j58 static engine test. Think it was conducted at Edwards. The exhaust components were glowing so hot they were practically transparent. Hard to believe the whole thing didn't end up a molten glob of slag on the concrete. When the engine was shut down, it quickly cooled off to a dull gray. Pratt & Whitney. Now they can build an engine. The j58 rules! Think the video was classified because I went back a few days later and it was gone.
The J-58 engine was used on the A-12 and the SR-71 Blackbird and could fly at the speed of Mach 3.2. The afterburners had a lining of Ceramic to prevent them from burning up. It was designed in the 1950s and 60s.
I like how this tech couples nicely into use of unilateral phase detractors
Did they ever fix the side-fumbling problem?
@@benjwgarner Easily prevented with active multiflux stabilizers
Only after they perfected the differential girdle spring by adding semi-elliptical boloid slots.
2 years old and still awesome tech.
I can remember it was very expensive long distance call to contact someone 50 miles away. Now we are really seeing leaps and bounds forward in many fields and materiel sciences seem to be a real valuable area. I can hardly what else I will see in the few years left to me.
CMC is really revolutionary. GTRE must work on it & develop.
GTRE neither has the technical acumen nor the financial backing. Bleeding edge technologies do not appear out of thin air. GE has built dozens of gas turbines over decades to get to where it is today. The only way CMCs will ever be made in India is if the manufacturing technologies are give to it as part of a major military deal with geopolitical considerations.
@@isuzu343
hmmm. . . . I can't agree more. We grope in darkness. Knowledgeable about one's ignorance would be the first valid step. Knowledge of ignorance breeds fresh & more knowledge. [is someone listening or I am only whistling in a vacuum?]
By the time we learn CMC, they would move on to the next Technology!
The background music has to be the most irritating they could find. As much as I wanted to watch the video I lasted less than 2 minutes before I had to turn it off. Why can't we just have the narration and no music?
.
I like the music, but it surely doesn't fit the video...
Perhaps you would prefer rap or heavy metal!
Damn I didn't even notice the music.
No shit
its almost 2020... are we there yet?
Yes and no. GE tested the new 9X engine and got it through FAA approvals but Boeing found early wear on the stator blades and GE redesigned them, setting production back by at least a year.
Awesome for automotive engine architecture. Especially for Formula 1 and the top categories of motorsports.
One could assume that now they can begin to manufacture CMC components, piping and pumps for use in Thorium reactors.
Or, for the SunCell (tm) ...
Awesome, Engineering is so much fun, only limited by finance
Imagine a GE90 made with CMCs, rather than the metal alloys, and with a gearbox P&W developed for optimal rotations in fans and inside the engine!
Was thinking the same thing watching this video, what would the fuel savings be combining the two technologies? And how would that translate into flight ticket prices considering the percentage your ticket price consists of paying for fuel?
@@tinoesterhuizen4433 The airlines would save money in fuel, and also by charging customers extra to pay for the new engines.
Can't watch it with the music. Give us a clean version.
What did you expect from an infomercial?
Cowboys will need this engine to grind up the grass and feed the horses
The Germans in WW2 were experimenting with ceramic metal matrixes for gas turbines to overcome their severe shortages of nickel and chromium. The work was many carried out by MTU and we have nice photos of their experimental blades. (See Anthony Kay’s “German Gas Turbines and Jet Engines” ). They seem to have made good progress at least to the point of the turbine nozzle vanes being viable.
finally, it was past long time since first ceramic cover aplication in jet engine
Looking at 8:32 , now I know the reason why I could not get first time the correct angle of the stator blades in the compressor stage. Fluid flow determination is so difficult and experimentation is the best way to go. When one sees the facilities required to make such high technical products, all I can say is gone are the days when the average family man can experiment in his garage to make issues are microelectronics and jet engines...... which I do consider them on the same level of complexity. We live in a world of a few technical intelligent people and all the rest follow..........more like philosophers really and social work! and Oh I forgotten the entertainment fraternity....... they all live in such a simple but so popular world. Sometimes one wonders what to advise young people which way to go! Congratulations to all the researchers and other members of the team who shoulder all these headaches to bring better products for a better life.
Efficiency for a Carnot style heat engine, the standard for efficiency is 1 - (T0/T1), T0
Ray Lopez Yes, we need the exhaust temp to be zero, then all the input temp all goes to the engine output. Still impossible, but slowly getting closer. Lol
The music is an absolute nightmare!!!
banjo playes a hilarious role in corp muzak
This video is four years old. We need an update...with no horrible music.
A turban is what you wear on your head, a turbine is whats in a jet engine!
A 'Like' on your comment, from a Turban wearing Turbine Designer 😆 👍🏻. Couldn't agree more.
Is the hair we wear on our heads used to make composite matrix?
Do they use similar "turbans" in combination with "nucular" reactors 🤣🤣
Aw, c’mon fellas. Stop baggin’ the poor old yanks. They can’t help miss pronouncing their worms, or mangling the English language! 🤣
А вы тоже делаете тест по английскому?
I am impressed with this engineering #
This is revolutionary, bringing the crucial advancements to address many long standing limit's in F-135 overall competitive performance, ⚡TY🤩againGE💪.
Wondering about doing the blocks of piston engines out of this. Also the heads of the pistons and maybe some coating for the valves. Exhaust manifolds, turbo charger components(both housing and rotor). Carbon fibre for the structure and external panels and this stuff for the hot components in auto industry. How about brake rotors, would it be good and durable? Would it withstand the stress?
+Aleksandar Popov Time will tell. Obviously this technology is at it's infancy, or at least in it's toddler state, Development costs are so high at this stage that only the military and large scale commercial operations can afford it. It looks very exciting. If it and can withstand the test of time and endurance, it should eventually make it down to a cost effective alternative in domestic technologies.
Aleksandar Popov Koenigsegg uses ceramic coating on pistons upper surface
For specialty engines maybe, but the way current government emissions bureaucrats have written the regulations there is no need to go beyond cheap iron or coated aluminum.
High combustion temperatures increase the ratio of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust, though said high temps also greatly improve fuel burn efficiency reducing total exhaust (assuming the extra efficiency is used to reduce fuel consumption at a static power, rather than increase power at static fuel use.) nitrogen oxides primarily combine with unburned fuel in sunlight to make rather nasty smog and when not combined with VOCs NOx can contribute to ozone depletion. Fortunately they are not long lived molecules, eventually degrading to either nitrate fertilizer or N2, where as CO2 must be stored either as dry biomass or carbonate minerals to reduce total atmospheric levels.
Long live to GE 🏆
This is a great look at the importance of better metallurgy, but the person that decided on this soundtrack is either a, “Cletus,” or a, “Karla.”
At 7':47" the narrator says: "...to build piston engines for the Allied forces...", accompanied by footage of a jet-powered Bell Aerocomet. :-/
Forget it, he's rolling.
everyone knows the 747 doesn't have a pison engine.
Does more heat and less fuel means more Nox?
is this CMC thing will fit in my fire-spitting honda's exhaust?
Great Stuff!
I think this material was introduced on the 1st time in Formula-1
Ezra S That was carbon fibre.
Won’t replace Single Crystal alloys but keep trying. What you guys don’t realize is every time you create a beautiful solution to a problem the elements you use in that solution will increase in price to the point that you become a slave to them and look for cheaper alternatives. Others wish to make your margin also. Supply and demand will always rule markets. Largest aircraft orders in human history right now, accept the market, relish in your creation and be happy. Keep building better technology more efficient engines strive for perfection, your on the right track.
CMC Dragon Skin Armored Vest ~ Officially on my Christmas List for 2027
Henry Nagamatsu would really like this (of course would not admit it)
The shape of these turbines taught me. He changed my gaze to the stream of air. Sorry, I do not know English and I'm struggling with the translator.
Hello GE, thank you for publishing such extraordinaire info, but I do not understand the purpose of the "music", I could not finish watching because of it.
So insightful and high tec info kenya
I'm now hearing everything. In that guys's voice.
nice work kids.
Can this wrap magnetic elements for Tokmak inner wall?
Proof that even though you can be one of the biggest companies in the world you still can't make a video as good as people who actually love to do it.
Money can't always buy quality.
Well that is always the case when they outsource it to a video production company.. They love making videos.. but not aircraft engines.
Its hard to get around.. well if they where not to outsource it to a youtube... (and there are companies that do that)
Awesome
we are giving up on internal combustion engines way too early.
who else is looking forward to sky-high home heating bills as electricity demand goes through the roof if everyone has an EV to charge...already happening in California
CMC VERY GOOD FOR JETS ENGINES AND RAILWAY IN COLD WEATHER AREAS .
I am under the impression that the 777X will be a blockbuster
these are fascinating, a little dumbed down but im no engineer so its probably a good thing.
what's a gas turban, advanced Sikh headwear?
GE have nice toolbox, impressive.. I wish I could borrow some of their tools ;-)
Now that's cool !
Mr. Sanjay the brittleness of such CMCs may also be reduced from different stress relieving and heat treated mechanisms but actual problem is to produce single crystalline theory to overcome creep deformation and make it more adaptable in the engine industries as compared to super alloys
6
6 yard yard yard buuu
Yard uttana
Single crystal nickel turbine blades were state-of-the-art for gas turbine engines in the 1980's and 90's. CMC's are the next step.
I want to cry really cause I watched all jet engine videos and I have many ideas to develop some parts in the engine Im not engineer Im technicien but I hope one day to produce small jet engine :)
Incredible music!
Hahahahaha
Got to love American Tech!
America powers the World!
Mr Sanjay use the si gel crystalline e theory of Rolls Royce
Breathtaking!
Amazing
How do they make these parts with hollows in them? (They look casted.)
Like F1,the 4stroke refined to the ultimate ! The jet turbine principal has maxed out after 75 yrs
There is a strange beeping interference sound in the video, do all GE engines suffer from this sound?
Speak to the military, they have it all.
Is nitrous oxide a problem with the higher internal temperatures? Perhaps the military doesn't care, but I can see this being an issue for commercial aircraft.
*oxides of nitrogen
Oxides of nitrogen NOx is what I meant. Maybe someone will get a laugh out of "nitrous oxide".
Jess Stuart :D
Hello
It's a huge problem at ground level because of it's free-radical generating damage to lungs. Not sure that it's a significant problem in upper atmosphere. Surely not a direct threat to human health at higher altitudes.
Could this material be suitable for the skin of a spacecraft on reentry?
Good question
Will Warden materials like this were used on the space shuttle for reentry
No
This is made for vibrating parts. REV use lighter insulating materials that slowly vaporise.
I don't think so, the re entry temps are way hotter than this thing could ever sustain and prevent conduction at the same time.
Need to build an engine to get to outta space first. Then work on that one.
-great job !....
Uhhhh turned off after 30 seconds thx to the music. Who knows what i missed.
How would one apply for a position within G.E. in Asheville????
I was born there...a LONG time ago.
Lectures don't have added "music" .. The person who decides to put music on a video like this, has no understanding of the content. .. I'm a Materials Engineer so I do understand and want to learn more.
Time to buy shares in GE thanks
How about using nano material thermal resist paint coating?
We bring good things to life
Awesome efforts! Proud of you. Keep at it.
Can it be made clear for very robust windows?
Can it be made to use 3-D printable items?
Can it be made into flexible elastic items?
Seems as it would’ve have potential as an aerospace material.
Can it be woven into fabric type materials for light weight yet high strength?
Yes but why, because$$$
No and no
Nice.
GE is a great company and I think GE Aviation is making beautiful engines! Only problem is that Jeff Immelt ran it for too long...
Another problem; I'm still waiting to get that GE90 fan blade shipped sometime soon, I think it would make for a great conversation piece in my living room... :P
I hope GE in general will soon see better days with Flannery at the helm.
Absolutely unwatchable, don’t understand this idea of the irritating background music.
I didn't even noticed that
To keep the generals awake during the presentation is my best guess
The new material will have applications other than jet engines Like engine Blocks of typical ca r engines in future
Your ass buddy. Price of iron has kept that happening for over a century aluminum is still exotic for a car. If we are lucky cmc brakes will be more standard....
Abdul Hafeez
Kyle Towers...
yes maybe in super cars...but its highly unlikely since they are too expensive even for that
are the fibers grown chemically?... is it considered a nanotechnology or achieved with an approximation of a traditional mechanical process?... what type of cement is used?...it is also based on silicon carbide? does the cement's other components share the same melting temperature of silicon carbide?.. very cool stuff.... grats to all of you for finding cool stuff to look at in life... thanks for sharing it.. thanks for the video.
No the planted a fiber tree.
Haven't they heard of "INERTIAL IMPULSE DRIVES?"
YES, GO GE!!!
Good stuff
If this answers so many issues, why is the 777X waiting for better engines that actually work?
wow!
Worried about CMC LEAP jet engine reliability. Another Boeing jet with this engine just crashed (Ethiopian Airlines). This is the second crash in just six months. Not good!
John Skelton, I’ve recently heard that they’re looking at the angle of attack indicator. Reasoning behind this is that both aircraft crashed soon after take off and crashed vertically into the ground!
@@marcuswardle3180 Based on eye witness reports, it may have been a bomb in the cargo hold. Just guessing.
It may have nothing to do with engine quality
Ceramic parts seem to me less costly to manufacture, no special alloys and machining processes, yet turbine engines are very expensive, why?
Because of the amount of work put into the engine. it takes years to develop one, a huge team to design and build one, and it takes up to 1 billion pounds of investment to create it. They have to get the money back somehow.
A fibrous heat insultaive wonder material
Where have I heard of that before?
Very cool!congratulatios!
Nice work
WHAT? WHAT? SORRY, I CAN'T HEAR YOU OVER THE MUSIC!
Ceramic Engineer or Ex BS CER Egr if mfg right no machining maybe SiC w SiN fibers or SiC w Ti fibers. Trick is crack propagation You may want to use Boeing trick and incorporate crack stoppers in the matrix. Toughen composite just added plastic beads to the epoxy mix and ceramics are not different they need surface compression layer with crack stoppers in the matrix.
The video's good quality special effects and cinematography made the information in this video more captivating.
I wish the GE Team the best. 🙂🇺🇸
I will work at GE
so, where can I buy one? it's 2023
Might be time to buy GE stock. *looks at GE stock price* Nevermind.