There are some word endings in Welsh that mark the gender of the word, but this is easier to list in writing than in a video. MASCULINE NOUNS a) those ending in -WR -YDD -YN (many refer to people) cyfreithiwr (lawyer), gwresogydd (heater), mochyn (pig) b) those (usually abstract) nouns ending in: -DEB (purdeb, purity) -DER (balchder, pride) -DID (glendid, hygiene) -DOD (plentyndod, childhood) -DRA (twpdra, stupidity) -EDD (edmygedd, admiration) -HAD (mwynhad, enjoyment) -IAD (ysgariad, separation) -IANT (hyfforddiant, training) -NI (culni, narrowness) -RWYDD (dwyieithrwydd, bilingualism) -WCH (tristwch, sadness) FEMININE NOUNS a) those ending in -EN and -ES rhaglen (programme), tywysoges (princess) b) many nouns ending in -AETH and -AS swyddogaeth (function), priodas (wedding) EXCEPTIONS: gwasanaeth (service), gwahaniaeth (difference), and hiraeth (longing) are masculine. c) those ending in -FA arhosfa (waiting room), swyddfa (office) GENDER OF NOUNS ACCORDING TO MEANING a) names of the days, months, seasons and points of the compass are MASCULINE b) names of countries, rivers and languages are generally FEMININE c) units of time from second to year alternate between feminine and masculine, starting from feminine: FEMININE MASCULINE eiliad (second) munud (masculine) (feminine in some areas of Wales) awr (hour) dydd (day) wythnos (week) mis (month) blwyddyn (year)
Portuguese is quite consistent on the relation of gender to noums. You actually picked some exceptions. Many exceptions are related to etymology. Razão should probably be masculine, but it comes from RATIO, latin substantive that is feminine gender. While Avião is masculine, it comes from the feminine noun AVE... avião literally means BIG BIRD. It was actually imported to portuguese from French AVION. The ÃO in this case is a suffix for large. If the suffix for large is ÃO, then the word is changed to masculine, no matter the gender of the original. Sometimes however, a feminine gender will be used. AVEZONA would be a more correct (and feminine, just like AVE) transformation of the word to something big by adding a suffix. In GENERAL, if it ends with A is feminine, if it ends with O is masculine. Yes, there ARE exceptions. Some common ones: a foto, a moto. These two however, are diminutives of the CORRECT words which end with A: fotografiA and motocicletA.
Where Welsh becomes complicated is the way gender affects initial consonant mutation. In most European languages gender only affects the definite/indefinite article, and adjectives, which have to agree with the gender of the nouns they describe. German has gendered declensions of course, which are a difficult I admit. But the way gender affects mutation in Welsh is a total nightmare. If you get it wrong, it screws up the mutations in the whole sentence you are trying to say/write.
Yes, there are some helpful endings, but they are easier to list than to explain in a video. I've included them in the description and as a pinned comment!
There are some word endings in Welsh that mark the gender of the word, but this is easier to list in writing than in a video.
MASCULINE NOUNS
a) those ending in -WR -YDD -YN (many refer to people)
cyfreithiwr (lawyer), gwresogydd (heater), mochyn (pig)
b) those (usually abstract) nouns ending in:
-DEB (purdeb, purity)
-DER (balchder, pride)
-DID (glendid, hygiene)
-DOD (plentyndod, childhood)
-DRA (twpdra, stupidity)
-EDD (edmygedd, admiration)
-HAD (mwynhad, enjoyment)
-IAD (ysgariad, separation)
-IANT (hyfforddiant, training)
-NI (culni, narrowness)
-RWYDD (dwyieithrwydd, bilingualism)
-WCH (tristwch, sadness)
FEMININE NOUNS
a) those ending in -EN and -ES
rhaglen (programme), tywysoges (princess)
b) many nouns ending in -AETH and -AS
swyddogaeth (function), priodas (wedding)
EXCEPTIONS: gwasanaeth (service), gwahaniaeth (difference), and hiraeth (longing) are masculine.
c) those ending in -FA
arhosfa (waiting room), swyddfa (office)
GENDER OF NOUNS ACCORDING TO MEANING
a) names of the days, months, seasons and points of the compass are MASCULINE
b) names of countries, rivers and languages are generally FEMININE
c) units of time from second to year alternate between feminine and masculine, starting from feminine:
FEMININE MASCULINE
eiliad (second)
munud (masculine)
(feminine in some areas of Wales)
awr (hour)
dydd (day)
wythnos (week)
mis (month)
blwyddyn (year)
BTW one error in the vid. 'Cath' is always feminine. The Welsh word for tom cat is *gwrcath* or *gwrcyn*
Portuguese is quite consistent on the relation of gender to noums. You actually picked some exceptions. Many exceptions are related to etymology. Razão should probably be masculine, but it comes from RATIO, latin substantive that is feminine gender.
While Avião is masculine, it comes from the feminine noun AVE... avião literally means BIG BIRD. It was actually imported to portuguese from French AVION.
The ÃO in this case is a suffix for large. If the suffix for large is ÃO, then the word is changed to masculine, no matter the gender of the original. Sometimes however, a feminine gender will be used. AVEZONA would be a more correct (and feminine, just like AVE) transformation of the word to something big by adding a suffix.
In GENERAL, if it ends with A is feminine, if it ends with O is masculine.
Yes, there ARE exceptions. Some common ones: a foto, a moto. These two however, are diminutives of the CORRECT words which end with A: fotografiA and motocicletA.
My main comparison (even though I didn't mention it!) was Polish, where gender is extremely predictable from word endings.
Where Welsh becomes complicated is the way gender affects initial consonant mutation.
In most European languages gender only affects the definite/indefinite article, and adjectives, which have to agree with the gender of the nouns they describe. German has gendered declensions of course, which are a difficult I admit.
But the way gender affects mutation in Welsh is a total nightmare. If you get it wrong, it screws up the mutations in the whole sentence you are trying to say/write.
Diddorol iawn. Hadn't realised that some word endings in Welsh can denote, or, give an idea which gender a noun is.
Yes, there are some helpful endings, but they are easier to list than to explain in a video. I've included them in the description and as a pinned comment!
blasta
Helo Rodolfo. Hoffi'r video. Bues i'n atheist arnat ti yn 2018. Mae dy Gymraeg di'n wych nawr.
Cofion
Mathew Rees
ARGH AUTOCORRECT
@@mathewhywel what was it supposed to be?!
Athro? 🤔
Ie athro.
Dysgais lefel Sylfaen i ti
Lisa Marsh oedd yr athro arall
@@mathewhywel Ie wrth cwrs! Sut wyt ti? Diolch am bopeth!