me: "Isaac, How do I change a lightbulb?" Isaac: "Instead of the lightbulb, you eventually want to use active-supported O'neil Cylinders powered by fusion."
What I love about this series you see that space is huge and how insignificant we are yet it also shows us how can those ants living on a tiny speck of sand in cosmic ocean can tame the galaxies, it is kind of inspiring you know like challenge daring us to step up to it.
We build planets FOR YOU in any of these ways and MORE! Come visit our office on Magrathea around the twin suns Soulianis and Rahm in the heart of the Horsehead Nebula
Not true. Vulcan has twice the gravity as Earth one reason why Vulcans are stronger than humans and the atmosphere is a lot thinner. There was even a humanoid species on Deep Space Nine that came from a Mars size planet.
Sometimes you knock it out of the ballpark with the visuals. Gorgeous, visually informative, interesting to look at. Sometimes you have a 2D wrench wiggling around in front of blue gear...things while casually discussing repairing a planet. Never change.
10:23 This is what I love about you Isaac, when an average person would scream "We dug too deep, abort! Abort!", you simply see whole new magnitude of possibilities.
Granted, and then you devise a plan to capture it, study it and then imprison it to become a heat source of an industrial forge. One might wonder wheter there is an ethical issue here, but it is a bloodthirsty demon of darkness, so we're good.
Isaac, I love how you take ideas to the extreme. I thought for sure we will stop at ringworld, or something like that. Building around supermassive black hole had never crossed my mind. I am always in awe after watching your videos and I have some troubles adjusting back to mundane reality of everyday life :-) Thank you. Keep up good work!
Coincidentally I ended up doing 3 interviews this week, two video interviews with Dan Patterson of CBS Tech Republic, running about 10 minutes each, and one audio only interview on PodcastOne's Up Close and far Out with Michael Harrison, running close to an hour. If you're interested, those are linked below: History of Disruptive Technologies w/ Dan Patterson: www.techrepublic.com/videos/video-how-disruptive-technology-shaped-history/ Future of Disruptive Technologies w/ Dan Patterson: www.techrepublic.com/videos/video-oncoming-disruptive-technologies-that-will-shape-the-future/ Up Close and Far Out: www.podcastone.com/up-close-and-far-out
Wouldnt the gravity be much higher than 2x on the mega earth? The acceleration wouldn't be the same. At min. 2.4x higher angular acceleration/rotation, assuming it was elliptical and not spherical.
This is a true story: I got my new Corvette Z06 delivered last night, it was awesome! I drove it to work today and had what must have been the biggest smile on my face that's humanly possible. One of my coworkers asked me "Hey, what are you so happy about?" To which I responded: "Its ARTHURSDAY!" Love your content, keep it up my man!
:) I am now official jealous of your car, and missing the convertible I got myself as a gift when I got back from Iraq, though I won't missing any speeding tickets or windburn.
I feel so terrible for the starving children in Africa, it must be a horrible horrible feeling to not know the warm and comfort of Arthursday... Moment of silence for all those without internet.
Isaac, you should so do a video or video series on higher dimensional space. Like hypercubes and such. Maybe even try to tackle 4 dimensional (or higher) civilizations.
Xperim love a series called 10 dimensions explained. 6th & 7th involve changed values to 1 then 2 or more physical constants of our universe creating parallel universes. How they work and what you could imagine being directly related to how close to our own universe they are.
Well, just like how with 2-D you can see the inside of a circle, with 3-D a 4-D creature would be able to see inside of 3-D objects. That includes clothing, btw. Meaning that 4-D aliens are just perverts trying to see us all naked!!
Stable gravitational orbits only seem possible in 3D though (with force dropping with distance squared, like the surface of an expanding sphere). "Flatland" is an entertaining & insightful read. Also recommend Matt Parker's Royal Institution talk, and 3blue1brown's channel here on YT. ;)
Yes stable orbits are impossible in 4D space so certain physical constant and laws might have to be adjusted. Also atoms can't form in 4D space either so things again would have to be adjusted. Besides that, orbits should be stable in 2D space though.
After watching some your videos, I find myself disgusted with people commenting on SpaceX videos, complaining about humans "polluting" places like Mars. The lack of long term thinking, the lack of understanding that dead matter has no value other than its value as a resource, just... repulses me. Your channel really needs to grow. More, _far_ more people need to see and understand this.
I gotta say, I love your grand ambition. "Can't build our balloon-world much bigger than Saturn? Fine, we'll just ["just?!"] build a Birch World around a supermassive black hole and give ourselves umpty-bazillion times more living area than all of the 'galactic empires' ever imagined in science fiction put together. Somebody hold my beer." Somebody needs to give you a few dozen billion dollars and turn you loose in the Solar System. :)
Unwatchable. Im gonna unsubscribe. I have listened to probably 20 videos but I just cant take it anymore. Not gonna listen again until he hires a Voice over artist
Too bad. Some time ago I offered to voice-over these videos for free. Mr. Arthur thanked me for my interest and explained that narrating has been good therapy and has improved his impediment. His impediment is a small price to pay for such well presented content in my mind. It is a shame you don't feel this way. Maybe you should take a break for a month or two and then come back to them.
Daniel Scott Brown if that is the case then he should post two videos of each episode, one with his voice, and one with a voice over. He will see which one gets more views. Unfortunately I think he is just a stubborn person in real life. Unsubscribed
"Eventually they get massive enough to form their own Sun (which you don't want underneath you!)" - Well, that seems a sure-fire way of becoming a guaranteed K2 Civilisation, and, having experienced underfloor heating (Australian Snowy Mountains in our "winter" months), sounds a great idea (but the reality of being able to fry eggs in a few seconds on the "floor" might be problematic!) :-D
A star at the center of a shell world? You can call that a hypocaust world, after the underfloor heating ducts used in ancient Roman homes with a furnace or a natural heat source like hot springs. Hypocaust, literally hypo-, under + -caust, heat. www.dictionary.com/browse/hypocaust
Two questions 1.) what is generating the magnetosphere in most of these designs? 2.) have you considered using something like space engine for your visuals?
I love it when you give us really interesting ideas like you did in this episode. The Type III civilisation based on a super-massive-black-hole-cored artificial planet is brilliant. Thumbs up to Mr Birch for coming up with it, and thumbs up with you for taking it to its logical conclusion. Oh, and like last time you covered the topic, you didn't mention brown dwarfs. Or are you planning another episode on this topic specifically about using various stars as the core and will include them in that one?
a planet built around a black hole. wow... i never thought it could be possible. but you're right about the type 3s being able to hide in such a megastructure. time outside of that system would isolate them from the rest of the universe, it has many benefits for a civilization that wants to hide. the scale though... such majesty, i can barely fathom it.
The main advantage I see is keeping your civilization from fracturing. People might even be able to cross breed enough to avoid evolving into different species. And not having to deal with 4 year or longer data transfer delays between colonies is a boon too. K4 civilization? Would that be one that harnesses the power of the entire universe? I think thats beyond our ability to contemplate. Remember that the combination of the light speed limit and the expansion of the universe places a limit on how far we can see - the observable universe.
i get it, that would be nice indeed. except if speciation were preferable for some reason in a matrioshka planet around a SBH. my point is, in such a vast size we can't tell for certain what works better.
Great episode. I could imagine a group spending countless generations on a pilgrimage traveling to the mythical bottom-most layer of a galaxy-massed Birch world. Only to turn around and repeat their journey outward, since by then the existence of the outermost-layer has faded to little more than a myth.
Issac, as usual, you blow my mind! Especially with the Mega Earth concept in which you described it as having multiple layers and experiencing different time dilation! WOW!
The idea of a birch planet is quite appealing, especially since time is slowed down, it could be a non digital way for a civilisation to survive the end of the universe, yes it's more efficient and significantly better to go digital, but it is fun to think about...
On track to break 200K subs by New Years. Well deserved, should be ten times as many and not soon enough. Thank you for all the hard work on this episode of the Isaac Show.
I love and appreciate the fact that this man speaks impeccable English. Have you Americans any idea how confusing it is for an Englishman to think he has got a grip on the American language, secure in the knowledge that "y'all" means all of you. Only to be confronted by a narrator saying "all y'all" ? I give up. My brain hurts.
The Birch planet is my favourite thing ever probably. It's just... Amazing in every way. This is definitely one of my favourite episodes up there with the quanta and muktiverse episode. The scale just goes to insanity
I'm working on a comic short story set in a far future earth, and your videos are really feeding my creativity. The basic plot follows a civil war between the Lower, poorer, levels and the rich and oppressive upper levels. The story is set in the year 100 million AD, but humans are depicted as relatively modern to help readers relate to them. There are uplifted animals, cyborgs, sentient holograms, and more
I almost never comment on anything, but I just have to say how much I love this channel! Been hooked for weeks and digging my teeth into all episodes old and new, watching and in many cases re-watching several times. Best brain candy on UA-cam Can't wait for the Colonizing Jupiter episode next week!
slick opening graphics! "...we are not interested in naturally occurring planets. We are interested in _building our own._ " "Once you start building planets bigger than Saturn for instance..." What a great channel! Classic Isaac line: Like I said, though, _we can go a BIT bigger..._ "You can also *build one* with approximately the mass of a _galaxy_ too." Come on Isaac, think BIG! Don't limit yourself so much! "In the long term, you want to harvest the entire Galaxy, and even further if you can, because the raw materials of the Universe are not stored well." LOL! OMG! Having a shell world above a super-massive black hole has time running noticeably slower in the lower layers than in the higher ones! I truly feel bad for the vast vast vast majority of the human race who has not had the opportunity to wrap their heads around this idea!
You should be able to spot a Birch Planet via gravitational lensing. It'd become even more obvious that something weird is there when you realize that there's no visible galaxy responsible for that lensing. Admittedly, that would likely mean you are viewing it from millions to billions of light years distance.
While this episode was about making Earth-like habitats, I suspect that advanced civilization may find planetary-scale gravity to be undesirable. Once you have an enclosed habitat (like the Matrioshka planet would be), gravity is really only necessary to provide a sense of direction, and to keep items in place. Large-scale habitats would be significantly cheaper to build at 1/10th Earth gravity. We have already demonstrated that it is possible to survive more than a year without gravity, and over 1000s of generations, humans would adapt to low-g environments, even without deliberate genetic tinkering.
A birch planet seems like a nightmare to engineer and maintain, because if there were a failure in any of the active support loops, or anything relating to repairs, it would take 1.5 (light) years at best for the other side to hear about it and do their part.
Pleased to see you are promoting some concepts of Paul Birch, I read a series of his papers in Journal of British Interplanetary Society a couple of decades ago and was blown away by his ideas for super mundane planets. I even think he presented to us at BIS at some point! Excellent video!
Great talk on Birch Planets and how a potential K2 / K3 civilization could exist & not violate the Fermi Paradox. Very interesting to contemplate that solution - not to mention the idea of us using it to stay close to each other in the future.
This is funny, because i had the same Idea this summer when I was bored at work. I found that this structure would have a radius about 3.5E15 meters and a mass about 2.5E42 kg (with a small security coefficient to not instantanly turn into a black hole if a collision with a significient mass occurs). I really apreciate you popularize this Idea. A world like this would be so interesting and oppressing at the same time!
Wouldn't the construction of a Birch Planet leave huge empty space/voids surrounding the system? Since material/matter closest would be easier to obtain. How do hide something that HUGE when it's obvious to point a telescope and see a void without any stars. I get that moving the planet far from the site of construction would be an option but that would disrupt surrounding solar systems...
Yes. I do not think this is a good solution to the paradox because: 1. We do not need to detect the planet in its final state of construction because it would be easier to find it under construction anyway as the mass (and energy) from the vicinity getting gathered . 2. Even if the planet is not visible, there is still gravity around it which would affect the surrounding objects. It would be a immensvely massive after all.
Bravo! a triumph of informative art. I feel like yea maybe we don't see the birch but its like not seeing NYC but not noticing the auxiliary infrastructure creating productivity to send there. I really like how assigning a motivation to harvest and the lack evidence brings a very economic component of the Fermi paradox. Although I cant see how its some kind of paradox now...everything points to us being alone, except for the randomly assembled intelligence that existed for .0002 seconds
Waiting all day for notification to pop that your video had gone live. Nothing did! Finally have time to search your channel and there it is. Getting worried I'd miss my fix of big ideas and a big future! Wheww!! I can relax now. I am working my way through every video you've done. Several I expectnto rewatch to get anything I missed the 1st time.
Oh by the way a mod for Stellaris called gigastructural engineering allows you to build a birch world around the supermassive black hole in center of the galaxy.
This is the kind of video I like the most from you, Isaac. Few people make me see so clearly what our civilization is capable of, once we get rid of our social, economic and political stupidity. Thank you for all your work.
Alexandre Palazzo, If it wasn't for Big Government and the astronomical cost of launching things into orbit, we'd at least have regular civilian access to space and a few settlements on the Moon, Mars, and the Venusian clouds and or some rotating spacesteads \ spacestations by now! Sure, we probably still wouldn't be able to do crewed missions to other solar systems or any of the other very very advanced stuff on this channel, but we probably would have the civilian space travel and colonization future we were promised before the late 1990s.
You can't have a mega-earth more than about 100,000 times the size of Earth if you wanted it to be illuminated by a single object orbiting it every 24 hours. What about if you had two in 48-hour orbits, or three in 72-hour orbits? Heck, since these would need to basically be giant artificial lamps, you could have seven orbiting every 168 hours, one for each day of the week! Probably not the most efficient way to light a giant planet, but "we have a different sun for each day of the week" would be one way to get tourists to spend longer than a day there. (And it's a neat idea for sci-fi worldbuilding.)
So build a giant planet and then build several suns? Easier to go the artificial lighting route. Use a network of mirrors or something if you really want the light to be sunlight.
Nipi Tiri: ...I'm sorry, aren't all of these methods different kinds of artificial lighting? I seem to recall the term "giant artificial lamp" coming up in my original description, which doesn't seem trickier than a bunch of smaller, artificial lamps. AndDiracisHisProphet: How many megastructures _don't_ require some kind of maintenance?
@@AndDiracisHisProphet... I think an orbital ring, with "suns" mounted at the appropriate spacing would resolve that issue. I like the "tourist trap" notion of "a different sun for every day of the week." You could make each one unique in some way (color/hue, intensity, etc.) So that a tourist truly would have to stay all week to experience them all. You could even do two rings... one for each hemisphere, to keep your climate more uniform (no frozen poles), for a total of 14 suns. The tourists would have to spend a week in each hemisphere, lol.
@@bobinthewest8559 yes, that would solve the issue provided your ring could stand the enery output of the suns. i think i was taling (this was 2 years ago) about the gravitational stability
I read some novel of Dan Simmons (Hyperion Cantos) and I found amazing ideas on that and advanced civilization might take. The most interesting was to have a "green galaxy", where if not alien life already present, humanity would design living beings so they could live in almost any planet (i.e. floating beings living on Jupiter). This would happen modifying human and other species (animals and vegetation) with radical use of nanotechnology. The idea was to not terraforming a planet if not strictly necessary, but rather evolve life that can survive autonomously on it. Therefore, the shared goal of such heterogeneous civilization would be not to expand to exploit resources or to use energy but, rather to diversify and spread the wonderful phenomenon called life. Sorry for bad english :p
Wow. Just wow. I thought this episode was kind of redundant given how great the Dyson Swarms episodes were, and then we hit Birchworlds! Ouch, my brain is full! You did it again IA! Sheer and utter awe!
Thank you for sharing an compiling - it is something I often wonder about. That is why I need to live on mars when I am older, I need to feel lighter with less stress on my old bones.
I absolutely love your videos. They keep me thinking through the grueling weeks of useless information I learn in school. Your voice is also perfect for this type of video. It’s super calming and easy to listen to.
23:45 i keep coming back to this video because i keep forgetting the name "Birch World" so I'm leaving this here to remind myself, I wanna do my part in helping the term stick
I've been really busy on a project recently and completely lost track of time. So I wanted to take a look at youtube just to relax a bit for a while. I saw your video. And that's when I suddenly realized it's Thursday.
Just decided that my next favorite sci-fi series will be the first one that casually has a set of protagonists that have a shell-world built around a black hole.
Another beautiful video teaching me something I didn't know or haven't considered... thank you Mr. Arthur for condensing all these streams of thought into coherent bundles of video :)
Great work again Isaac, animations getting better and more relevant, you make my dreary mundane week, reflecting and thinking of the long term future. Having twice as much gravity, I would be pretty muscular. Cheers mate from Australia
I hope any future wide-spanning human civilization would leave Earth... Pristine-ish (It's not exactly untouched right now lol) and not excavate and hollow it out. Seems... Somehow wrong to me lmao. Maybe I'm sentimental.
great job man you had me intrigued the whole time i'm left wondering about how much more gravity it would take to mess up the development of a space-fairing civilization. with just 50% more gravity, even if the life there was suited for it, it may be too difficult to get rockets going. reaching the point of reusable rockets like spacex's and generally cheaper space travel only seems viable when engineered iteratively
But they'd still be able to raise an orbital ring once they figure out orbital mechanics from watching the stars and planets in their night sky. So maybe they're not so stuck after all. It just takes them longer to step off their world.
I don't understand that bit about the super massive black hole. If the gravity at its event horizon is the same as earths how is it the event horizon. Would it not be easy to escape such low gravity. Or am I confused on what an event horizon is. The point of no return?
Probably, personally I figure it will turn out to be impossible but basic black hole thermodynamics are iffy and don't exactly rule it out yet, in an ironclad way.
It seems like engineering practicalities would stop you from recycling all the heat, and since my understanding of entropy is straight statistical mechanics, that works just fine for me. That said, if actual black hole physics is iffy on if dumping any waste heat there would work, then why? It seems like some of it would have to cross back into the event horizon even if you were radiating uniformly.
Also called "Super Earths." When I first heard of them, I thought they would have superhumans. One former co-worker told me that we couldn't go to one because of the heavier gravity and denser atmosphere, that we would need more muscles and stronger bones.
Understandable since I made up the term for the episode, Super Earths are large natural planets that are potentially habitable, Mega Earths is for much larger artificial planets.
kempmt1, The high gravity could prove problematic, but a denser atmosphere may provide some bouyancy. It's possible that the lowest part of a planet's atmosphere could have a density similar to that of liquid water, so you might be able to float or at least walk without feeling very heavy.
me: "Isaac, How do I change a lightbulb?"
Isaac: "Instead of the lightbulb, you eventually want to use active-supported O'neil Cylinders powered by fusion."
Isaac, how do I run a trillion year long simulation with 10 billion people at the end of time?
"Use a lightbulb."
What I love about this series you see that space is huge and how insignificant we are yet it also shows us how can those ants living on a tiny speck of sand in cosmic ocean can tame the galaxies, it is kind of inspiring you know like challenge daring us to step up to it.
Humanity is tiny in the same way that a redwood acorn is tiny. It doesn't look like much yet, but it has tons of potential
We build planets FOR YOU in any of these ways and MORE!
Come visit our office on Magrathea around the twin suns Soulianis and Rahm in the heart of the Horsehead Nebula
earth 2.0 paid by mice
I can't believe I didn't include an Adams/ Magarathea joke in there
It's ok.
Gasp! Unsubscribed
no equation for Meringue flavoured tectonic plates? ;)
I don't understand. In Star Trek all planets have the same gravity and atmosphere as Earth!
Frank Fowlkes Since all humanoids have been seeded, maybe some planets have been terraformed in the process.
And they all speak perfect engish
that part is because of the universal translator implants
Not true. Vulcan has twice the gravity as Earth one reason why Vulcans are stronger than humans and the atmosphere is a lot thinner. There was even a humanoid species on Deep Space Nine that came from a Mars size planet.
Frank Fowlkes u r a noob
Sometimes you knock it out of the ballpark with the visuals. Gorgeous, visually informative, interesting to look at.
Sometimes you have a 2D wrench wiggling around in front of blue gear...things while casually discussing repairing a planet.
Never change.
10:23 This is what I love about you Isaac, when an average person would scream "We dug too deep, abort! Abort!", you simply see whole new magnitude of possibilities.
But when we dig too greedily and deep, do we not free the BALROG?
(I know, "name it not")
Granted, and then you devise a plan to capture it, study it and then imprison it to become a heat source of an industrial forge. One might wonder wheter there is an ethical issue here, but it is a bloodthirsty demon of darkness, so we're good.
OK :)
+Digital Nomad Yes. And then we stick it in the core of a thermoelectric powerplant and use it for free energy.
Crise Ferre All intellectuals behave this way.
Isaac, I love how you take ideas to the extreme. I thought for sure we will stop at ringworld, or something like that. Building around supermassive black hole had never crossed my mind. I am always in awe after watching your videos and I have some troubles adjusting back to mundane reality of everyday life :-)
Thank you. Keep up good work!
Thanks Florek!
Coincidentally I ended up doing 3 interviews this week, two video interviews with Dan Patterson of CBS Tech Republic, running about 10 minutes each, and one audio only interview on PodcastOne's Up Close and far Out with Michael Harrison, running close to an hour. If you're interested, those are linked below:
History of Disruptive Technologies w/ Dan Patterson: www.techrepublic.com/videos/video-how-disruptive-technology-shaped-history/
Future of Disruptive Technologies w/ Dan Patterson: www.techrepublic.com/videos/video-oncoming-disruptive-technologies-that-will-shape-the-future/
Up Close and Far Out: www.podcastone.com/up-close-and-far-out
You're getting famous - good on ya!
Isaac Arthur can you do an episode called the "fermi-singularity". I have a theory that AI may be millions of times more likely than a mega structure.
I keep hoping to see your name pop up as a guest on NPR's Science Friday. :)
Wouldnt the gravity be much higher than 2x on the mega earth? The acceleration wouldn't be the same. At min. 2.4x higher angular acceleration/rotation, assuming it was elliptical and not spherical.
Are you posting on Thanksgiving?
JONNY, DID YOU FORGET TO FEED THE BLACK HOLE AGAIN???
lol, now I'm going to be thinking of someone going down to the basement to through some more coal into the black hole.
The black hole ate my homework. Honest teacher.
nipi tiri
Teacher: if you throw your homework to that black hole again, I will feed you to the black hole
This is a true story:
I got my new Corvette Z06 delivered last night, it was awesome! I drove it to work today and had what must have been the biggest smile on my face that's humanly possible. One of my coworkers asked me "Hey, what are you so happy about?" To which I responded:
"Its ARTHURSDAY!"
Love your content, keep it up my man!
yeah I wouldn't like sitting in traffic wasting resources in a thouroughbred track car like that either. Happy Arthursday!
:) I am now official jealous of your car, and missing the convertible I got myself as a gift when I got back from Iraq, though I won't missing any speeding tickets or windburn.
I feel so terrible for the starving children in Africa, it must be a horrible horrible feeling to not know the warm and comfort of Arthursday...
Moment of silence for all those without internet.
arthursday.... hmm.... "the ancient god arthor, god of construction, forger of worlds, father of thor"
gem3020 no
Isaac, you should so do a video or video series on higher dimensional space. Like hypercubes and such. Maybe even try to tackle 4 dimensional (or higher) civilizations.
I've been loosely planning a "Abstract Aliens" episode to discuss ones from universes with more dimensions or different rules.
Xperim love a series called 10 dimensions explained. 6th & 7th involve changed values to 1 then 2 or more physical constants of our universe creating parallel universes. How they work and what you could imagine being directly related to how close to our own universe they are.
Well, just like how with 2-D you can see the inside of a circle, with 3-D a 4-D creature would be able to see inside of 3-D objects. That includes clothing, btw. Meaning that 4-D aliens are just perverts trying to see us all naked!!
Stable gravitational orbits only seem possible in 3D though (with force dropping with distance squared, like the surface of an expanding sphere).
"Flatland" is an entertaining & insightful read. Also recommend Matt Parker's Royal Institution talk, and 3blue1brown's channel here on YT. ;)
Yes stable orbits are impossible in 4D space so certain physical constant and laws might have to be adjusted. Also atoms can't form in 4D space either so things again would have to be adjusted. Besides that, orbits should be stable in 2D space though.
I haven't watched it yet but I'll give thumbs up any way.
Good idea!
After watching some your videos, I find myself disgusted with people commenting on SpaceX videos, complaining about humans "polluting" places like Mars. The lack of long term thinking, the lack of understanding that dead matter has no value other than its value as a resource, just... repulses me.
Your channel really needs to grow. More, _far_ more people need to see and understand this.
I gotta say, I love your grand ambition. "Can't build our balloon-world much bigger than Saturn? Fine, we'll just ["just?!"] build a Birch World around a supermassive black hole and give ourselves umpty-bazillion times more living area than all of the 'galactic empires' ever imagined in science fiction put together. Somebody hold my beer."
Somebody needs to give you a few dozen billion dollars and turn you loose in the Solar System. :)
Nah, it would be better if we stopped wasting matter on paper money, or better yet abolish the "need" for currencies, but that isn't going to happen.
@@nullpoint3346 revert to barter ?:D
no, a few sextillion dollars
@@nullpoint3346 the moment personal habitats that are self sustainable become possible currencies are going to become unimportant.
@@lolgamez9171
I promise you that the rich will spend everything in the coffers to *prevent* that from happening.
Your content is highly appreciated. Each and every time. Thank you for having this hobby.
Remco B agreed I just wish I could listen to his videos without wanting to rip my ears out of my skull
Unwatchable. Im gonna unsubscribe. I have listened to probably 20 videos but I just cant take it anymore. Not gonna listen again until he hires a Voice over artist
Too bad. Some time ago I offered to voice-over these videos for free. Mr. Arthur thanked me for my interest and explained that narrating has been good therapy and has improved his impediment. His impediment is a small price to pay for such well presented content in my mind. It is a shame you don't feel this way. Maybe you should take a break for a month or two and then come back to them.
Daniel Scott Brown if that is the case then he should post two videos of each episode, one with his voice, and one with a voice over. He will see which one gets more views. Unfortunately I think he is just a stubborn person in real life. Unsubscribed
Daniel Scott Brown his content is amazing but his channel is very unprofessional, needs higher production value. It just seems cheap & amateurish
"Eventually they get massive enough to form their own Sun (which you don't want underneath you!)" - Well, that seems a sure-fire way of becoming a guaranteed K2 Civilisation, and, having experienced underfloor heating (Australian Snowy Mountains in our "winter" months), sounds a great idea (but the reality of being able to fry eggs in a few seconds on the "floor" might be problematic!) :-D
A star at the center of a shell world? You can call that a hypocaust world, after the underfloor heating ducts used in ancient Roman homes with a furnace or a natural heat source like hot springs. Hypocaust, literally hypo-, under + -caust, heat.
www.dictionary.com/browse/hypocaust
Two questions
1.) what is generating the magnetosphere in most of these designs?
2.) have you considered using something like space engine for your visuals?
Loved this episode, the Birch World concept is nuts but very logical.
I really really really want a *"Stupid Machines"* episode .
Please do it .
I love it when you give us really interesting ideas like you did in this episode. The Type III civilisation based on a super-massive-black-hole-cored artificial planet is brilliant. Thumbs up to Mr Birch for coming up with it, and thumbs up with you for taking it to its logical conclusion.
Oh, and like last time you covered the topic, you didn't mention brown dwarfs. Or are you planning another episode on this topic specifically about using various stars as the core and will include them in that one?
a planet built around a black hole. wow...
i never thought it could be possible. but you're right about the type 3s being able to hide in such a megastructure. time outside of that system would isolate them from the rest of the universe, it has many benefits for a civilization that wants to hide.
the scale though... such majesty, i can barely fathom it.
The main advantage I see is keeping your civilization from fracturing. People might even be able to cross breed enough to avoid evolving into different species. And not having to deal with 4 year or longer data transfer delays between colonies is a boon too.
K4 civilization? Would that be one that harnesses the power of the entire universe? I think thats beyond our ability to contemplate. Remember that the combination of the light speed limit and the expansion of the universe places a limit on how far we can see - the observable universe.
i get it, that would be nice indeed. except if speciation were preferable for some reason in a matrioshka planet around a SBH. my point is, in such a vast size we can't tell for certain what works better.
The specs of the Birch Planet blew my mind. Thanks for all the hard work you put into your posts.
Great episode. I could imagine a group spending countless generations on a pilgrimage traveling to the mythical bottom-most layer of a galaxy-massed Birch world. Only to turn around and repeat their journey outward, since by then the existence of the outermost-layer has faded to little more than a myth.
17:05 A good April Fool's joke would be to use those ring lights to turn on a second "sun" for a day...
thanks for making my week... again
and again
and again
and again
and again
and again
and again
A dive through the layers of a Birch world would make a good story. Especially as even the passage of time would change.
Thanks again Isaac. I really liked this one, I hadn't even thought about the possibility of a Birch planet. Another fantastic video.
Anyone else who sleeps better with Isaac Arthurs voice? So soothing and relaxing.
Love every new episodes, and at night i listen to reruns ;)
Issac, as usual, you blow my mind! Especially with the Mega Earth concept in which you described it as having multiple layers and experiencing different time dilation! WOW!
The idea of a birch planet is quite appealing, especially since time is slowed down, it could be a non digital way for a civilisation to survive the end of the universe, yes it's more efficient and significantly better to go digital, but it is fun to think about...
On track to break 200K subs by New Years. Well deserved, should be ten times as many and not soon enough. Thank you for all the hard work on this episode of the Isaac Show.
Yeah the channel's grown rather fast the last year and change, though it's always unpredictable, comes in waves.
I love and appreciate the fact that this man speaks impeccable English. Have you Americans any idea how confusing it is for an Englishman to think he has got a grip on the American language, secure in the knowledge that "y'all" means all of you. Only to be confronted by a narrator saying "all y'all" ? I give up. My brain hurts.
While disappointed by UA-cam's silence about your upload, I am very hyped for the rest of the year. Especially for the last 2.
The Birch planet is my favourite thing ever probably. It's just... Amazing in every way. This is definitely one of my favourite episodes up there with the quanta and muktiverse episode. The scale just goes to insanity
What on earth is this channel?! Welp.. guess I won't be seeing daylight for a while.
I'm working on a comic short story set in a far future earth, and your videos are really feeding my creativity. The basic plot follows a civil war between the Lower, poorer, levels and the rich and oppressive upper levels. The story is set in the year 100 million AD, but humans are depicted as relatively modern to help readers relate to them. There are uplifted animals, cyborgs, sentient holograms, and more
I almost never comment on anything, but I just have to say how much I love this channel! Been hooked for weeks and digging my teeth into all episodes old and new, watching and in many cases re-watching several times. Best brain candy on UA-cam Can't wait for the Colonizing Jupiter episode next week!
slick opening graphics!
"...we are not interested in naturally occurring planets. We are interested in _building our own._ "
"Once you start building planets bigger than Saturn for instance..." What a great channel!
Classic Isaac line: Like I said, though, _we can go a BIT bigger..._
"You can also *build one* with approximately the mass of a _galaxy_ too." Come on Isaac, think BIG! Don't limit yourself so much!
"In the long term, you want to harvest the entire Galaxy, and even further if you can, because the raw materials of the Universe are not stored well." LOL!
OMG! Having a shell world above a super-massive black hole has time running noticeably slower in the lower layers than in the higher ones!
I truly feel bad for the vast vast vast majority of the human race who has not had the opportunity to wrap their heads around this idea!
Thankyou Isaac and your team. I can't think of a reason for someone disliking these videos. They must be scared of the future!
You should be able to spot a Birch Planet via gravitational lensing. It'd become even more obvious that something weird is there when you realize that there's no visible galaxy responsible for that lensing.
Admittedly, that would likely mean you are viewing it from millions to billions of light years distance.
While this episode was about making Earth-like habitats, I suspect that advanced civilization may find planetary-scale gravity to be undesirable.
Once you have an enclosed habitat (like the Matrioshka planet would be), gravity is really only necessary to provide a sense of direction, and to keep items in place. Large-scale habitats would be significantly cheaper to build at 1/10th Earth gravity.
We have already demonstrated that it is possible to survive more than a year without gravity, and over 1000s of generations, humans would adapt to low-g environments, even without deliberate genetic tinkering.
Yes we probably would see something more akin to the 'red dwarf galaxy' setup I talked about at some point, or a MAtrioshka Brain swarm.
A birch planet seems like a nightmare to engineer and maintain, because if there were a failure in any of the active support loops, or anything relating to repairs, it would take 1.5 (light) years at best for the other side to hear about it and do their part.
NICE!!!! Saw it recommended faster than it showed up in my notifications!!!
Pleased to see you are promoting some concepts of Paul Birch, I read a series of his papers in Journal of British Interplanetary Society a couple of decades ago and was blown away by his ideas for super mundane planets. I even think he presented to us at BIS at some point!
Excellent video!
Finally got home just to see the new Video is up ! THIS is my Highlight this Thursday
Be sure you made someone Happy today Mr. Issac Arthur :)
Great talk on Birch Planets and how a potential K2 / K3 civilization could exist & not violate the Fermi Paradox. Very interesting to contemplate that solution - not to mention the idea of us using it to stay close to each other in the future.
I always look forward to Mr. Arthur's vids! Brilliant is the perfect word for his work.
This is funny, because i had the same Idea this summer when I was bored at work. I found that this structure would have a radius about 3.5E15 meters and a mass about 2.5E42 kg (with a small security coefficient to not instantanly turn into a black hole if a collision with a significient mass occurs). I really apreciate you popularize this Idea. A world like this would be so interesting and oppressing at the same time!
Wouldn't the construction of a Birch Planet leave huge empty space/voids surrounding the system? Since material/matter closest would be easier to obtain. How do hide something that HUGE when it's obvious to point a telescope and see a void without any stars. I get that moving the planet far from the site of construction would be an option but that would disrupt surrounding solar systems...
Yes. I do not think this is a good solution to the paradox because:
1. We do not need to detect the planet in its final state of construction because it would be easier to find it under construction anyway as the mass (and energy) from the vicinity getting gathered
.
2. Even if the planet is not visible, there is still gravity around it which would affect the surrounding objects.
It would be a immensvely massive after all.
@@dexulescu Boötes void, but also just called "The Great Nothing"
Bravo! a triumph of informative art. I feel like yea maybe we don't see the birch but its like not seeing NYC but not noticing the auxiliary infrastructure creating productivity to send there. I really like how assigning a motivation to harvest and the lack evidence brings a very economic component of the Fermi paradox. Although I cant see how its some kind of paradox now...everything points to us being alone, except for the randomly assembled intelligence that existed for .0002 seconds
Thank you for all your hard work, Peace my friend, Keep the shows comeing.
Waiting all day for notification to pop that your video had gone live. Nothing did! Finally have time to search your channel and there it is. Getting worried I'd miss my fix of big ideas and a big future! Wheww!! I can relax now. I am working my way through every video you've done. Several I expectnto rewatch to get anything I missed the 1st time.
Favorite day of the week! Thanks again for making such fascinating content.
Oh by the way a mod for Stellaris called gigastructural engineering allows you to build a birch world around the supermassive black hole in center of the galaxy.
This is the kind of video I like the most from you, Isaac. Few people make me see so clearly what our civilization is capable of, once we get rid of our social, economic and political stupidity. Thank you for all your work.
Thanks Alexandre!
Alexandre Palazzo, If it wasn't for Big Government and the astronomical cost of launching things into orbit, we'd at least have regular civilian access to space and a few settlements on the Moon, Mars, and the Venusian clouds and or some rotating spacesteads \ spacestations by now! Sure, we probably still wouldn't be able to do crewed missions to other solar systems or any of the other very very advanced stuff on this channel, but we probably would have the civilian space travel and colonization future we were promised before the late 1990s.
Very very very impressive! This one reminds me of some of the first videos I watched here. Thanks a mega ton!
You can't have a mega-earth more than about 100,000 times the size of Earth if you wanted it to be illuminated by a single object orbiting it every 24 hours. What about if you had two in 48-hour orbits, or three in 72-hour orbits? Heck, since these would need to basically be giant artificial lamps, you could have seven orbiting every 168 hours, one for each day of the week!
Probably not the most efficient way to light a giant planet, but "we have a different sun for each day of the week" would be one way to get tourists to spend longer than a day there. (And it's a neat idea for sci-fi worldbuilding.)
So build a giant planet and then build several suns? Easier to go the artificial lighting route. Use a network of mirrors or something if you really want the light to be sunlight.
Several objects (with similar masses) on the same orbit are unstable
Nipi Tiri: ...I'm sorry, aren't all of these methods different kinds of artificial lighting? I seem to recall the term "giant artificial lamp" coming up in my original description, which doesn't seem trickier than a bunch of smaller, artificial lamps.
AndDiracisHisProphet: How many megastructures _don't_ require some kind of maintenance?
@@AndDiracisHisProphet...
I think an orbital ring, with "suns" mounted at the appropriate spacing would resolve that issue.
I like the "tourist trap" notion of "a different sun for every day of the week." You could make each one unique in some way (color/hue, intensity, etc.) So that a tourist truly would have to stay all week to experience them all.
You could even do two rings... one for each hemisphere, to keep your climate more uniform (no frozen poles), for a total of 14 suns. The tourists would have to spend a week in each hemisphere, lol.
@@bobinthewest8559 yes, that would solve the issue provided your ring could stand the enery output of the suns. i think i was taling (this was 2 years ago) about the gravitational stability
I read some novel of Dan Simmons (Hyperion Cantos) and I found amazing ideas on that and advanced civilization might take. The most interesting was to have a "green galaxy", where if not alien life already present, humanity would design living beings so they could live in almost any planet (i.e. floating beings living on Jupiter). This would happen modifying human and other species (animals and vegetation) with radical use of nanotechnology. The idea was to not terraforming a planet if not strictly necessary, but rather evolve life that can survive autonomously on it. Therefore, the shared goal of such heterogeneous civilization would be not to expand to exploit resources or to use energy but, rather to diversify and spread the wonderful phenomenon called life.
Sorry for bad english :p
Lol misheard him and it sounded like he said a planet might be covered in water and LSD. Now that's a planet.
could you give us the timestamp that you said you misheard him?
Wow. Just wow. I thought this episode was kind of redundant given how great the Dyson Swarms episodes were, and then we hit Birchworlds! Ouch, my brain is full! You did it again IA! Sheer and utter awe!
Absolutely amazing. I’ve always been fascinated with such concepts, so I immediately subscribed when I encountered this Channel.
Welcome aboard
Binging all your episodes thank you so much for this 😍 love your voice makes it all the more interesting!
Thank you for sharing an compiling - it is something I often wonder about. That is why I need to live on mars when I am older, I need to feel lighter with less stress on my old bones.
Go swim! Trust me on this!
My day just got a whole lot better.
Happy Arthursday.
This meme needs a T-Shirt
Christoff Smuts I'd buy/wear an Arthursday shirt
I absolutely love your videos. They keep me thinking through the grueling weeks of useless information I learn in school. Your voice is also perfect for this type of video. It’s super calming and easy to listen to.
23:45 i keep coming back to this video because i keep forgetting the name "Birch World" so I'm leaving this here to remind myself, I wanna do my part in helping the term stick
I've been really busy on a project recently and completely lost track of time. So I wanted to take a look at youtube just to relax a bit for a while.
I saw your video.
And that's when I suddenly realized it's Thursday.
As soon as you started talking about shell worlds I immediately thought- Yggdrasil. The Norse were right
It's that day again. Arthursday. Awesome video again. When I get bored I start binge watching your content. Which is everyday, lol.
Just decided that my next favorite sci-fi series will be the first one that casually has a set of protagonists that have a shell-world built around a black hole.
Another beautiful video teaching me something I didn't know or haven't considered... thank you Mr. Arthur for condensing all these streams of thought into coherent bundles of video :)
A Kurzgesagt AANDD Isaac Arhur video on the same day???? Christmas isnt for another month and a half chill guysss
Great Channel. I'm getting behind on their episodes, I think because they release the same day and my notifications get swamped on Thursdays.
You guys should do a collaboration video
I'm afraid I don't know anyone with them, though I'm sure it would be fun, next scheduled collab is with Curious Droid
Great work again Isaac, animations getting better and more relevant, you make my dreary mundane week, reflecting and thinking of the long term future. Having twice as much gravity, I would be pretty muscular. Cheers mate from Australia
Thanks Tim!
I hope any future wide-spanning human civilization would leave Earth... Pristine-ish (It's not exactly untouched right now lol) and not excavate and hollow it out. Seems... Somehow wrong to me lmao. Maybe I'm sentimental.
Yes, way to go once again Isaac. Keep Pushing Upwards!
I was already worried and refreshed YT frantically, then i saw a post from 1 min in FB \o/
I think I posted about 10 minutes early to day, I've been flirting with releasing early in the mornings.
This is definitely in my top 10 of favourite episodes you've made, I keep coming back to it.
I wonder if the dark spots in our universe are civilizations that have built these mega structures?
Brilliant as always Isaac. Sweet intro too. Cheers.
great job man you had me intrigued the whole time
i'm left wondering about how much more gravity it would take to mess up the development of a space-fairing civilization. with just 50% more gravity, even if the life there was suited for it, it may be too difficult to get rockets going. reaching the point of reusable rockets like spacex's and generally cheaper space travel only seems viable when engineered iteratively
But they'd still be able to raise an orbital ring once they figure out orbital mechanics from watching the stars and planets in their night sky. So maybe they're not so stuck after all. It just takes them longer to step off their world.
The Birch planet concept literally blew my mind!
They are soldiers of freedom. Super Earth is their home. Democracy their creed.
Love your videos! I'm excited anytime you release a new one.
Waiting with baited breath for your next.
I relate to this guy on a personal level
I don't understand that bit about the super massive black hole. If the gravity at its event horizon is the same as earths how is it the event horizon. Would it not be easy to escape such low gravity. Or am I confused on what an event horizon is. The point of no return?
Ah, never mind. Its the shell that would have that gravity and be rotating at such speed to give the earth like gravity just over the black hole.
but can we ignite Jupiter? just because why not
Was this question inspired by 2010: The Year We Make Contact? :)
prittymuch. then I started thinking about how our System would work as a binary & how the extra mass needed to make Jupiter a Brown Dwarf, & stuff
Part of our topic for next week :)
JG R if you have like seventy spare Jupiters nearby, yeah you can
Haha yesm exactly. Awesome concept, just a little...unsure why we would want it.
Wow, lots to delve into here. Thank you as always.
Wait, if it was possible to dump wasteheat into a black hole, wouldn't this be essentially a perpetuum mobile of second order?
Probably, personally I figure it will turn out to be impossible but basic black hole thermodynamics are iffy and don't exactly rule it out yet, in an ironclad way.
Yes, that is my first reaction aswell
It seems like engineering practicalities would stop you from recycling all the heat, and since my understanding of entropy is straight statistical mechanics, that works just fine for me.
That said, if actual black hole physics is iffy on if dumping any waste heat there would work, then why? It seems like some of it would have to cross back into the event horizon even if you were radiating uniformly.
would that be dumping it or just storing it?
I assume it would convert it into hawking radiation so it would be storage of sorts
Always thoughtful. Thank you, Isaac Arthur.
Discovery channel would be lucky to run your reruns.
Dude, you just "mathed" the shit out of this question. This is so good it should be peer-reviewed.
the hype starship for 7dec is starting up its fusion drives, who wants to join me on board?
I'm far more exited for the fourth of January 2018:
Colonising The Sun.
Allegedly without a Dyson Sphere.
Another great episode!
Also called "Super Earths." When I first heard of them, I thought they would have superhumans. One former co-worker told me that we couldn't go to one because of the heavier gravity and denser atmosphere, that we would need more muscles and stronger bones.
No not super earths, that's really a different topic than this
Isaac Arthur sorry about that. I thought they were both the same thing, just called differently
Understandable since I made up the term for the episode, Super Earths are large natural planets that are potentially habitable, Mega Earths is for much larger artificial planets.
Godier has a couple of episodes on super-earths.
kempmt1, The high gravity could prove problematic, but a denser atmosphere may provide some bouyancy. It's possible that the lowest part of a planet's atmosphere could have a density similar to that of liquid water, so you might be able to float or at least walk without feeling very heavy.
Has to be the most informative channel on UA-cam, well done!
Happy arthursday!
I love you Isaac!!! Your videos are the best out there. My family and I can't get enough.
So the future is living under the surface dwellers, eating mushrooms in forests of shrooms....
I wonder what Hunter S. Thompson would think of that XD
When you say "a bit bigger" I get so intrigued and can't wait for what you say next !