I've recently watched literally HOURS of your work recently. It's fascinating, and I can't watch enough. Thank you for producing these videos, I've enjoyed them immensely.
Isaac Arthur I've been an Orion's Arm reader for several years now. And even though there are several wonderful science channels here on YT, I always wished for something bigger in scope, like Orion's Arm the YT channel. Your channel is the closest I found to that. Is there any other channel like yours? I searched, but I couldn't find it.
Plenty of good channels though not so much in a OA flavor. Steve Bowers puts up some of his work on YT, and I'd not be surprised if some others did too, but the channel actually started with the Megastructures summary video a couple years back because I felt someone should compile them all into an easy voice-over format, so there's not a lot of material in YT I'm afraid.
Isaac Arthur I think the OA team should make a push to invest YT. I would love to subscribe to such channel or network of channels. Maybe it's just me being guilty of the "sin of gluttony", as I have already devoured all of your content and want even more. But I've also seen people's reactions to your videos, where they seem to have "opened their minds" like OA did for me, and they seem to be in such similar state of craving for more. Anyway, love the MPA for its interesting Megastructure content. What's your favorite, is it MPA or another?
Isaac, I know that you feel that 30 minutes is rather long for a video but believe me when I say that it really isn't (in your case anyway). As always, great great submission here.. thank you!
You're very welcome, as always I'm still in shock - happy shock, but still shock - there are thousands of people who are happy to sit down and listen to me discuss this stuff for 30 minutes.
Best channel I`ve found in ages , top drawer , you should be proud of yourself. I`ve never needed to use CC I only wish most people round where I live spoke as well and clearly as you do , good sense of humour too , thanks Isaac :) (BTW i guess the 10 thumbs down were expecting a video about bench pressing with celebrities , LOL)
If it was possible to lift matter from stars like how mining is done in eve online, with mining beams on all Dison swarm modules, how would one make such a beam, my guess would be with powerful plasma holograms.
@@DamianGabrielDan Probably more a mix of using extrodinarily powerful magnetic fields to guide material and lasers to stimulate the star to release material and weaken it's stability.
Ever since I stumbled on this channel every video has been mind blowing. Sci-fi authors should make regular visits here for some inspiration. We need these kinds of videos to tell people what's possible.
Thanks Tom! Ironically the last message I got before yours was an author thanking me for the brain-fuel, and I certainly would love to see more of them incorporating this stuff into their work
Stargate is my favourite sci-fi franchise too! As a Stargate fan, watch the original Star Trek series episode "Errand of Mercy" - I think that's an episode you'll appreciate.
I have no words! I stumbled upon this video and even though you said not to watch for first timers I couldn't stop watching. You sir! Have blown my mind! I will now spend the next few days watching your videos!
This channel is AMAZING... never found anything like it, the in-depth you go on a subject is really nice to listen to, sometimes just in the background while working, great work, keep it up!
Today I discovered your channel. Just like hossrex said, I spent the next 4 hours watching a sliver of your content with much interest. Thank you for producing this. It's awesome.
This channel is the rare exceptions, both quantity and quality, kind of amazing Isaac Arthur manage to scale the number of weekly videos and keep quality high.
rubikfan1 there's no relation between both things I follow musicians that get less than 10k views and are amazing, while there's a spanish dude with kjillions of subs that's posted a "film" of him asking for a sandwich in a loop for two hours
@@norielsylvire4097 Haha but "Arent we all one"? ...Isaacs growing channel gives me hope. His content is amazing, he is creative and intelligent at a super high level. Yeah quality does not correlate with quantity. Im seeing quite opposite in many occasions.
Caleb Harris i feel like people don't care about talent or knowledge or quality but about having fun and using as little neurons as possible. So yeah, it's the opposite, most people prefer watching a dude asking for a sandwich and call that a film than listening to good music or learning something new or in general trying to improve their lives
Your channel seems to be picking up quite a bit of speed with subscribers. I'm really glad to see that. A lot of science channels on UA-cam occasionally touch on some of these topics but they are so shallow by comparison, rarely talking numbers or physics, and they spend so much time treating it like its a joke even though they spent the time making the video. So its always refreshing that you cover these topics somewhat deeper and don't spend all your time downplaying how unlikely everything is, you just assume most people already realize this. Keep up the great work, and I hope you don't run out of topics to talk about (you've already covered so much!).
Location in sci-fi setting: Starlifting facilities, huff 'n' puff method, colloquially known as the "The Bellows," in conjunction with a mass industrial capacity _a la_ forge worlds on Mercury, the "Star Forge." Supplied and powered by Bellows. Culture vaguely a blend of Neuromancer and dwarves.
A critical factor of consideration that was entirely ignored in the video and seems to have not come up among all comments so far either (besides major macro-ethical reasons for why no civilization would ever try to do this anyway) is that (maybe, though not really even that) you can increase the time a star like the sun burns before it becomes dangerous to planets as much as you want, but that will not slow down the natural pace at which planets in general lose heat and cool out entirely, and that fact already puts up another separate deadline, to the extent to which limitations of addressing this natural process for slowing it down are in place: "How long will it take Earth to cool down? Some measure of the time involved for a planet the size of the earth to cool by convection is that the earth has been geologically active for over 4 billion years, and will probably take another 4-5 billion years to loose all its heat -and become a dead planet.5 Sept 2000" And furthermore, more recent research indicates that earth is cooling out even at faster than previously expected rate: "Earth's Insides Are Cooling Faster Than We Thought, And It Will Mess Things Up 17 January 2022 By Michelle Starr To surmount this difficulty, a team of scientists led by planetary scientist Motohiko Murakami of ETH Zurich in Switzerland irradiated a single crystal of bridgmanite with pulsed lasers, simultaneously increasing its temperature to 2,440 Kelvin and pressure to 80 gigapascals, close to what we know to be the conditions in the lower mantle - up to 2,630 Kelvin and 127 gigapascals of pressure. "This measurement system let us show that the thermal conductivity of bridgmanite is about 1.5 times higher than assumed," Murakami said. In turn, this means that the heat flow from the core to the mantle is higher than we thought - and, therefore, that the rate at which Earth's interior is cooling is faster than we thought. And the process could be accelerating. When it cools, bridgmanite transforms into another mineral called post-perovskite, which is even more thermally conductive and would therefore increase the rate of heat loss from the core into the mantle. "Our results could give us a new perspective on the evolution of Earth's dynamics," Murakami said. "They suggest that Earth, like the other rocky planets Mercury and Mars, is cooling and becoming inactive much faster than expected." As for exactly how much faster, that's unknown. The cooling of an entire planet isn't something we understand very well. Mars is cooling a bit faster because it's significantly smaller than Earth, but there are other factors that may play a role in how rapidly the planetary interior cools." And alongside the freezing of earth's core comes the end of earth's magnetic field leading to a lack of protection from the ever increasing solar star wind pressure over long times to slowly blast away earth's ozone and atmosphere (while more of the higher energetic light reaches earth's crust, too).
Another great video, Isaac. I know you are always concerned about the length of your videos (you shouldn't worry about it IMO), but I would have enjoyed more details on the Star Lifting components. For instance, how does the gathering mechanism work? How big would it need to be? How does it maintain its position? Etc... Maybe you could do a SL 2 episode...hmmm? Thanks for doing these videos! I look forward to them every week.
Orange Door Hinge a star made of dark matter would either 1: be unable to be seen due to dark matters properties. Or 2. Resemble other cosmic objects like black holes or supermassive stars. Heck, we don't even know if dark matter can even form stars or what dark matter even is.
Wonderful presentation, Arthur. Your sequencing logic is primo, as is your declamation voice--including diction. Whoever provoked the captioning is under-civilized, probably like people who can't deal with subtitled "foreign" films. The plebeians of their stereotype.
I'm really glad you're seeing a bit of success and you're putting out content steadily dude. For a long time, I've been telling people that there are three youtube channels everyone needs to subscribe to as far as things like empirical sciences and epistemology/metaphysics go, three channels that are clearly more valuable from a truly objective standpoint than any others. Yours is #1. and if anyone cares... #2 would be the Ayn Rand institute #3 is Primitive Technology
Yes, I was terribly disappointed in the film adaptations of Atlas Shrugged, but I don't think it was well suited to the silver screen. I have actually seen a video by Primitive Technology, I think it was on charcoal, I tend to find anachronistic and early technology rather fascinating.
So there actually are people who take Ayn Rand seriously? The woman who spent her life fulminating against welfare and government intervention, who woud have died at 30 were it not for that very same welfare? That's, uhm, not very empirical :p
I've seen every episode at least twice. I always feel reluctant to call it Isaac Arthur's channel. Because this channel has been worked on by many many people. It's highly professional, trustworthy and informative. Much love to all the people behind the scenes. ❤️
Absolutely phenomenal information. Just four minutes of watching was enough to subscribe. Thank you for your efforts and for bringing these ideas widespread👍🏻
Love your videos Isaac! HUGE fan. I've been following you since your mega structures series. I consume a lot of youtube science content, but I've never subscribed to anything until just now. You're my first subscription because you are far and away my favorite. I get excited every time I notice a new video posted. Your voice is fantastic, and I think it's a big asset frankly because it's so unique. There's no doubt you're listening to Isaac Arthur after hearing just 2 or 3 words. I wouldn't be surprised if your voice becomes the next generation's "Leonard Nimoy." His voice was also quite unique, and the sound of it became basically synonymous with "science". That's what I think any time I hear yours.
Isaac, you always impress me with you knowledge and your ability to express yourself in a way, that most people that are into these types of topics, can understand it as well as see the reason for doing the science itself.Mark
I've haven't studied anything more advanced then high school science, but I do watch a lot of documentaries about science,physics,space and a few future technology ones, but the 20+ videos I've watched from this channel in the past 2 days are far beyond anything I've ever come across before, my mind is completely scrambled and fried from the ideas and concepts been explained by this amazing person, he earned my subscription to his channel within the first 5 minutes of the first video I watched, this is without a doubt one of the best hidden gems on the whole of UA-cam
if only i could live to see the day humans start doing these wonderful things i'd probably already be 100% machine by then i'd love to be able to make animtions like those you use in your videos, so i could demonstrate my concept of how to turn a human into machine without killing the person and replacing by a robot copy with the same memories and personality and stuff
Reason 5 - To decrease a star's brightness. The infamous Tabby's Star is evidently steadily fading in brightness over time against everything we think we know about stars. Coincidence?
But we don't know where the poles are. What if one of those poles is more or less directly facing us? Yeah,I know it's a bit of a stretch, but i'm getting old and my chances of living to see an actual contact with aliens seem to be fading faster than Tabby's star is. If not here, then likely I'll get to find out the answer unless there's some sort of Afterlife (say, if this is all just a massive videogame we wake up from or something) :-/
This is the best comment section on UA-cam your read it and gain info like the video and you can have healthy discussions. Great video Isaac keep Em coming !!
Subbed for the seemingly unlimited amount of content you have put out. Great stuff. I am looking forward to navigating this Universe of Knowlege and expanding my mind's existing peripheral boundaries. Plus your accent is great, Issac.
Thanks, though if I've got the best animations I'm going to assume no one else is using them, because the ones I do are like state of the art early 90s CGI :)
Whenever I watch videos like these and start to think about what a cosmic effort it would take, I’m always reminded how fucking perfect earth actually is
Don't know how you do it, other channels with a full staff take weeks to create 1 video, and some only post a video a month. Your pumping out incredible content at a champions pace, with nothing but that brain of yours and coffee. This channel has become far and away my favorite. Many thanks.
I know the feeling, have been trying to quit. A pack a day for 9 years, tried everything under the sun. Hopefully something will work, it be a shame to work my whole life just to be miserable when I get to retire. Copd is a real threat to my endgame, or worse.
So if we don't destroy ourselves, our descendants could keep the Sun going almost indefinitely through careful management, maybe breaking down the odd red dwarf for hydrogen. That's a comforting thought.
Isaac, I am a new subscriber to your channel and find it heartening to see this material inspiring others with interesting subject materials. I find it hard to derive entertainment from seeing Ron or his brother Mo, leaping from a roof, onto undersized trampolines, as an interesting diversion. Your subject materials are inspiring, and hopefully will incentivize others to aspire to the Sciences/Engineering. There are whole careers to be had in the details of these simpler, larger scale concepts. Your delivery of the material is excellent, and this moves me to point out that what you perceive as an unusual speech pattern isn't really more than an accent to others. In reality it may well be an advantage for you here, as it only contributes to people becoming more attentive to listening. It is much like a speaker actually lowering their volume for important points to draw a listener to pay closer attention. Please, keep up with the good works.
This is a really interesting idea. The physics principles are there, but the scale is, as I have come to expect from this channel, is massive. One question though: if you were doing this in an inhabited solar system, I assume you would need to be careful to keep your planet roughly in the same spot in the Goldilocks Zone. I haven't seen if you have made a video on this, but what methods would a civilization use to move it's planet to keep up with the contracting Goldilocks Zone?
We looked at that in the terraforming video, move a planet is a lot harder than changing its spin for instance but can be done, basically with lots of big mirrors with a lot of mass on them that you whack with laser asa a gravity tractor setup. Easier to just have those same mirrors bounce a bit of extra sunlight onto the planet though.
I had a feeling you'd covered it. I'm still watching through past videos admittedly. And a Gravity Tractor is what I'd expected too, though I wasn't sure if there were other methods. Its really cool to think about altering a solar system this massively!
There are some others, I think I covered a few in terraforming but it was pretty quick, gravity tractor is probably best. And yeah, megaengineering and stellar engineering are wonderful thinks to ponder.
When our sun begins to expand into it's red giant phase, decreasing it's mass would widen the orbit of the earth and other bodies. So that could keep the earth in the habitable zone, witch would be widening at that point. Once there is enough helium in the sun's core; that denser element will pull more hydrogen closer to it, causing more fusion to take place at once. That extra fusion makes the sun expand into a red giant. Although, the red giant phase could be delayed if starlifting reduces the suns mass enough, before that phase begins.
another amazing video Isaac honestly the second I hear your intro music theme life gets all of a sudden interesting there's so much possibilities and potential keep up your good work
Ive never before found a channel so suited to my nerdy needs. I feel like I can't watch enough of them fast enough! It doesn't help that each one refers to another one, so then I have to watch that to get this, and so on.
Yeah it was entirely unintentional but the channel has ended up like wiki or TV Tropes where one can get lost for hours exploring related episodes. I try to make everything self-contained but that often means skimming or skipping things that we've discussed in more detail elsewhere.
Fusion primarily takes place in Sun's core, and hardly at all in the rest of its mass. I've read that Sun's core is ten times the density of lead, and is virtually pure hydrogen and helium. It is my understanding that any metals in Sun are external to the core. Owing to the significantly greater density of the core and the uniform radiative environment, convection does not take place between the outer layers and the core. Rather, whatever is in Sun's core is locked there, and provides whatever lifespan Sun has. All the rest of Sun's mass is a blanket driven by energy released from the core. When Sun's core begins forming carbon, Sun will begin expanding, as it gets hotter. It will blow off quite a bit of its matter, but eventually cool and shrink, ultimately becoming a cold, dark mass. A heavier star would have one day begun producing iron after generating carbon. Within seconds of producing its first atoms of iron, the star's core would collapse violently, as this process requires more energy than it releases and the core's energy output will be insufficient to resist the crush of gravity. The infalling matter under millions of gs of gravitational force would reach huge velocities, until it collides with the star's core and bounces outward. The resulting pressure wave through the star's core would condense it. The force would be enough to produce elements up through another row or two of the periodic table beyond iron, but no star is believed capable of producing elements heavier than lead through its own fusion processes. Those heavier elements require even more powerful events, such as the collision of neutron stars.
In what video did you talk about magnetic rocket nozzles? I want to understand how solar wind is collected. You mentioned the VASIMR thruster, but that uses radio waves to heat the propulsion fuel. Would radio waves be used in some kind of reverse process to cool and decelerate the plasma coming off the sun?
Damn it. These videos are addicting. I don't know if it's the presentation, the information, or just the speech itself, but it's brought me back to this channel several times already. And I only just learned about you from Cody's Lab!
I loved it, Arthur! Thank You for setting all of this down. Have you been able to take a look at the theorized variants of the Bussard Ramjet? We could accelerate and propel lifted solar matter into interstellar space along a path we'd like to explore, and send a Bussard Ramjet powered ship down that path to use the solar matter as fuel along its journey. -What do you think?
Musk has been that way for at least a decade. I think its more a case of great minds thinking alike, though i'm sure both Musk and Arthur would humbly deny being "great", which is fair enough.
Hi, Issac, I got a question about the ring around the sun 19:23 . You say that it could be a bunch of orbital stations shooting ions between each other, but.. won't Suns' magnetic field and radiation blast away those ions before they reach the other station?
I was just thinking that. Intercepting the light with reflective panels would explain the sharp changes in brightness, and the reduction in mass would explain the long term trend of decreased light. However, based on the timelines in this video, the civilization tearing apart Tabby's Star would have to be really desperate and very powerful, because the trend in brightness has happened over the last century and not the last few million years. I'm sure Isaac Arthur will have something to say about this, but that is my explanation of why it's not that likely.
here-here, i loved SGU. The issue was using known (so expensive and in-demand) actors but a great sci-fi show just needs good yet unknown actors, great writers and a good special effects team.
Something I have just thought on this starlifting topic. If iron causes the star to die by negative energy return wouldn't star extend the life of a star? Remove that material would allow the star cleaner reaction in fusion wouldn't it? No iron to clog up the particles with gunk. Conversely you also further rarify heavy elements, if you take all the iron out of a star how are elements like uranium and gold going to be produced? Further can you not "inject" hydrogen into a star to extend it life (being very careful not to make it too big so when it dies it doesn't go supernova or blackhole). What we need is a manufacturing site off planet. Putting a spacedock/refinery/material storage in space (orbit, moon, or both) over half a century shouldn't break the bank if it's automated or remote controlled from the ground.
Great episode. I'd heard you mention that the Earth may be uninhabitable due to increased solar output in about 300 million years if we did nothing. If we were to remain nostalgic about Earth in its current state, would you suggest we calibrate our star lifting to maintain constant brightness at current levels? If we did, roughly how much time do you think that might buy us before we lost all practical leverage to keep going?
Yes and yes, and no and no. Lots of folks send me manuscripts or story ideas, some are published, most still aspiring, no big names though. And I used to do a lot of writing but generally would abandon it as crappy after a bit, now I mostly channel that into the episodes instead. I don't do good dialogue.
I think you could make some fascinating stories. Maybe hook up with a team to share the storyline and character development. Great work and thanks for the cool science show.
Isaac Arthur I have been studying using plenty of Astronomy based UA-cam channels, Websites, Books etc for the last 4 Months...I am laying down something like an ground map or like a big collection of information which I will - when completed - use as main source for a Science fiction story I have had in my head for twenty years. Your videos have definitely helped me in my studies and give me great information on many topics. Especially your Population Videos helped immensely when choosing which type seems possible for the Vessel used by the main characters in my Story.
@@jonathanhensley6141 SGU starts out slow, but gets really good in the second half of season 2. I appreciated the early parts more the second time I watched it, partly because I knew the characters (there are a ton), and partly because I had grown up and developed a more mature understanding of the themes.
What happens when we do make the brightness of the sun 2/3 of what it was? What will happen to Earth? I know we’ll have millions of kgs to build structures with in space, but what happens to Earth? Do we just move it, can we focus the sun’s energy on the earth so the sun still gets the same sunlight?
Thanks for the video. Lots to think about. I am having doubts about civilization downgrading G-stars to red dwarfs. You could colonize a K dwarf with less effort than lifting a G star. The civilizations talked about in the video are motivated to grow and expand. A star in the red giant phase will crank out hundreds or thousand times more watts. If you separate the helium in a solar mass star and make it the new core then it will contract and flash the helium. Natural stars dump mass into planetary nebula so lifting mass off of a red giant should be comparatively easy. A bicycle or pedal-powered vehicle on a track will burn through much less fuel than a SUV or jet. The civilizations on earth I am familiar with tend to choose the fast, high-power options. Converting a solar mass object(s) into red-giant Dyson Swarm moves the civilization from K1.9 to K2.2. Assuming that moving up the Kardeshev scale is something worthwhile then dimming the star(s) is the wrong direction.
Thanks for the video, very informative and the graphics are getting better, I feel. I binge watched most of the videos recently, so I guess the contrast seems more to me.
Thanks Prakash, I've been trying to get the graphics up to a decent standard though I suspect I'm pretty close to plateauing out, hobby-level skill can only go so far, but yeah there is a huge contrast between the original vids and the newer ones, I tend to cringe watching the oldest. :)
"I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll lift your star stuff." Dr.Badwolf
Seriously i love these videos.
Damn, where were you when I was righting the script, I almost choked to death on my coffee when I read that :)
Doctor Badwolf XD
This makes me want to change my name and hope my descendants use it to make puns.
Lol
I just realized: star lifting is actually a really good name for this concept
I still prefer starvesting
@@michaelfixedsys7463 hahahaha
Star Control would be a good name also. Or maybe Star Slaving. Because you are controlling the stars life cycles.
"Do you even star lift, bro?"
I think mining a star, or stellar mining would be better
I've recently watched literally HOURS of your work recently.
It's fascinating, and I can't watch enough.
Thank you for producing these videos, I've enjoyed them immensely.
If you don't have enough, you can delve into the Orion's Arm Universe Project website.
I think Isaac Arthur participated in it.
Yes, I'm a sporadic contributor over there.
Isaac Arthur I've been an Orion's Arm reader for several years now.
And even though there are several wonderful science channels here on YT, I always wished for something bigger in scope, like Orion's Arm the YT channel.
Your channel is the closest I found to that.
Is there any other channel like yours?
I searched, but I couldn't find it.
Plenty of good channels though not so much in a OA flavor. Steve Bowers puts up some of his work on YT, and I'd not be surprised if some others did too, but the channel actually started with the Megastructures summary video a couple years back because I felt someone should compile them all into an easy voice-over format, so there's not a lot of material in YT I'm afraid.
Isaac Arthur I think the OA team should make a push to invest YT.
I would love to subscribe to such channel or network of channels.
Maybe it's just me being guilty of the "sin of gluttony", as I have already devoured all of your content and want even more.
But I've also seen people's reactions to your videos, where they seem to have "opened their minds" like OA did for me, and they seem to be in such similar state of craving for more.
Anyway, love the MPA for its interesting Megastructure content. What's your favorite, is it MPA or another?
*Do you even starlift bro?*
MoebiusPan kardeshev type 2 bros in space! lol
check out my sweet mineral gains, bro
I'm getting swole gains like a red giant, bro
No, but I *do* vape...
Just deadlifted a new max the damn sun! (Says fledgling type 2 civilization)
"The Sun produces a lot more power through fusion than is needed to take the Sun appart"
gotta love futurist quotes!
Isaac, I know that you feel that 30 minutes is rather long for a video but believe me when I say that it really isn't (in your case anyway). As always, great great submission here.. thank you!
You're very welcome, as always I'm still in shock - happy shock, but still shock - there are thousands of people who are happy to sit down and listen to me discuss this stuff for 30 minutes.
I agree. Many of the things mentioned simply can't be explained well in a 10-minute piece.
Best channel I`ve found in ages , top drawer , you should be proud of yourself. I`ve never needed to use CC I only wish most people round where I live spoke as well and clearly as you do , good sense of humour too , thanks Isaac :) (BTW i guess the 10 thumbs down were expecting a video about bench pressing with celebrities , LOL)
Thank you!
I often can't sleep after my nightshift
So I drive the highways for 3-4 hours listening to all your great work.
This sounds heavenly. Issac and JMG relax me to no end. But I never thought about taking a late night ride
I'm amazed that I've never heard of this concept. Thank you for exposing me to it :D
You're welcome!
If it was possible to lift matter from stars like how mining is done in eve online, with mining beams on all Dison swarm modules, how would one make such a beam, my guess would be with powerful plasma holograms.
Star Forge from Star Wars: KOTOR is a model example of starlifting.
Perhaps they got it from Skelator, when He-Man cornered him in the castle Doom.
@@DamianGabrielDan Probably more a mix of using extrodinarily powerful magnetic fields to guide material and lasers to stimulate the star to release material and weaken it's stability.
Ever since I stumbled on this channel every video has been mind blowing. Sci-fi authors should make regular visits here for some inspiration.
We need these kinds of videos to tell people what's possible.
Thanks Tom! Ironically the last message I got before yours was an author thanking me for the brain-fuel, and I certainly would love to see more of them incorporating this stuff into their work
Stargate is my favourite sci-fi franchise too!
As a Stargate fan, watch the original Star Trek series episode "Errand of Mercy" - I think that's an episode you'll appreciate.
"...if you are in the star-making game..." I like this guy, he thinks big.
I have no words! I stumbled upon this video and even though you said not to watch for first timers I couldn't stop watching. You sir! Have blown my mind! I will now spend the next few days watching your videos!
exactly how i felt my first time here too. welcome.
This channel is AMAZING... never found anything like it, the in-depth you go on a subject is really nice to listen to, sometimes just in the background while working, great work, keep it up!
Thanks !
I came here from PBS Spacetime. With this one video, you sir have earned my subscription.
Today I discovered your channel. Just like hossrex said, I spent the next 4 hours watching a sliver of your content with much interest. Thank you for producing this. It's awesome.
Thanks!
this channel proofs you dont need million subs to have good content.
Quantity has never been an indicator of quality. Don't know why you would think so.
This channel is the rare exceptions, both quantity and quality, kind of amazing Isaac Arthur manage to scale the number of weekly videos and keep quality high.
rubikfan1 there's no relation between both things
I follow musicians that get less than 10k views and are amazing, while there's a spanish dude with kjillions of subs that's posted a "film" of him asking for a sandwich in a loop for two hours
@@norielsylvire4097 Haha but "Arent we all one"? ...Isaacs growing channel gives me hope. His content is amazing, he is creative and intelligent at a super high level. Yeah quality does not correlate with quantity. Im seeing quite opposite in many occasions.
Caleb Harris i feel like people don't care about talent or knowledge or quality but about having fun and using as little neurons as possible.
So yeah, it's the opposite, most people prefer watching a dude asking for a sandwich and call that a film than listening to good music or learning something new or in general trying to improve their lives
Your channel seems to be picking up quite a bit of speed with subscribers. I'm really glad to see that. A lot of science channels on UA-cam occasionally touch on some of these topics but they are so shallow by comparison, rarely talking numbers or physics, and they spend so much time treating it like its a joke even though they spent the time making the video. So its always refreshing that you cover these topics somewhat deeper and don't spend all your time downplaying how unlikely everything is, you just assume most people already realize this. Keep up the great work, and I hope you don't run out of topics to talk about (you've already covered so much!).
This is my new favorite channel
Glad to hear it, welcome!
Location in sci-fi setting:
Starlifting facilities, huff 'n' puff method, colloquially known as the "The Bellows," in conjunction with a mass industrial capacity _a la_ forge worlds on Mercury, the "Star Forge." Supplied and powered by Bellows.
Culture vaguely a blend of Neuromancer and dwarves.
Really looking forward to the Kardashev episode.
Same
Kangsta CoasT
I think that's a different thing.
JustOneAsbesto
Lol
wuts a jef benzos
Will do boss.
A critical factor of consideration that was entirely ignored in the video and seems to have not come up among all comments so far either (besides major macro-ethical reasons for why no civilization would ever try to do this anyway) is that (maybe, though not really even that) you can increase the time a star like the sun burns before it becomes dangerous to planets as much as you want, but that will not slow down the natural pace at which planets in general lose heat and cool out entirely, and that fact already puts up another separate deadline, to the extent to which limitations of addressing this natural process for slowing it down are in place:
"How long will it take Earth to cool down?
Some measure of the time involved for a planet the size of the earth to cool by convection is that the earth has been geologically active for over 4 billion years, and will probably take another 4-5 billion years to loose all its heat -and become a dead planet.5 Sept 2000"
And furthermore, more recent research indicates that earth is cooling out even at faster than previously expected rate:
"Earth's Insides Are Cooling Faster Than We Thought, And It Will Mess Things Up
17 January 2022
By Michelle Starr
To surmount this difficulty, a team of scientists led by planetary scientist Motohiko Murakami of ETH Zurich in Switzerland irradiated a single crystal of bridgmanite with pulsed lasers, simultaneously increasing its temperature to 2,440 Kelvin and pressure to 80 gigapascals, close to what we know to be the conditions in the lower mantle - up to 2,630 Kelvin and 127 gigapascals of pressure. "This measurement system let us show that the thermal conductivity of bridgmanite is about 1.5 times higher than assumed," Murakami said. In turn, this means that the heat flow from the core to the mantle is higher than we thought - and, therefore, that the rate at which Earth's interior is cooling is faster than we thought. And the process could be accelerating. When it cools, bridgmanite transforms into another mineral called post-perovskite, which is even more thermally conductive and would therefore increase the rate of heat loss from the core into the mantle. "Our results could give us a new perspective on the evolution of Earth's dynamics," Murakami said. "They suggest that Earth, like the other rocky planets Mercury and Mars, is cooling and becoming inactive much faster than expected." As for exactly how much faster, that's unknown. The cooling of an entire planet isn't something we understand very well. Mars is cooling a bit faster because it's significantly smaller than Earth, but there are other factors that may play a role in how rapidly the planetary interior cools."
And alongside the freezing of earth's core comes the end of earth's magnetic field leading to a lack of protection from the ever increasing solar star wind pressure over long times to slowly blast away earth's ozone and atmosphere (while more of the higher energetic light reaches earth's crust, too).
Another great video, Isaac. I know you are always concerned about the length of your videos (you shouldn't worry about it IMO), but I would have enjoyed more details on the Star Lifting components. For instance, how does the gathering mechanism work? How big would it need to be? How does it maintain its position? Etc... Maybe you could do a SL 2 episode...hmmm?
Thanks for doing these videos! I look forward to them every week.
Orange Door Hinge a star made of dark matter would either 1: be unable to be seen due to dark matters properties. Or 2. Resemble other cosmic objects like black holes or supermassive stars.
Heck, we don't even know if dark matter can even form stars or what dark matter even is.
Wonderful presentation, Arthur. Your sequencing logic is primo, as is your declamation voice--including diction. Whoever provoked the captioning is under-civilized, probably like people who can't deal with subtitled "foreign" films. The plebeians of their stereotype.
I don't have an issue understanding Arthur. However, someone who might not have English as their first language might have an issue.
I came here from spacetime. Thanks Matt for suggesting channel. Its awesome
Issac, your channel is rocket fuel for my imagination!! I love this stuff!!!
These videos are utterly brilliant - thanks so much for all your hard work Isaac.
Thanks!
like at 6th minute already...
Your chanel blow my mind... no words..
back to watching...
I'm really glad you're seeing a bit of success and you're putting out content steadily dude.
For a long time, I've been telling people that there are three youtube channels everyone needs to subscribe to as far as things like empirical sciences and epistemology/metaphysics go, three channels that are clearly more valuable from a truly objective standpoint than any others.
Yours is #1.
and if anyone cares...
#2 would be the Ayn Rand institute
#3 is Primitive Technology
Yes, I was terribly disappointed in the film adaptations of Atlas Shrugged, but I don't think it was well suited to the silver screen. I have actually seen a video by Primitive Technology, I think it was on charcoal, I tend to find anachronistic and early technology rather fascinating.
ill test that channels :)
Isaac Arthur Dude, I LOVE Primitive Technology. Something about his videos awakens a primal sense that I haven't gotten anywhere else.
So there actually are people who take Ayn Rand seriously? The woman who spent her life fulminating against welfare and government intervention, who woud have died at 30 were it not for that very same welfare? That's, uhm, not very empirical :p
LINDYBEIGE
Was directed here by PBS spacetime. You got a new subscriber! Can't wait to dig in to your channel. Looks fascinating.
I've seen every episode at least twice. I always feel reluctant to call it Isaac Arthur's channel. Because this channel has been worked on by many many people. It's highly professional, trustworthy and informative. Much love to all the people behind the scenes. ❤️
Absolutely phenomenal information.
Just four minutes of watching was enough to subscribe.
Thank you for your efforts and for bringing these ideas widespread👍🏻
Stargate is one of my favourite sci-fis too! Wish there would do some more stargate stuff!
Kudos for mentioning Stargate universe, as it was the only thing I kept thinking of, since destiny was literally fueled by the stars themselves.
Love your videos Isaac! HUGE fan. I've been following you since your mega structures series. I consume a lot of youtube science content, but I've never subscribed to anything until just now. You're my first subscription because you are far and away my favorite. I get excited every time I notice a new video posted. Your voice is fantastic, and I think it's a big asset frankly because it's so unique. There's no doubt you're listening to Isaac Arthur after hearing just 2 or 3 words. I wouldn't be surprised if your voice becomes the next generation's "Leonard Nimoy." His voice was also quite unique, and the sound of it became basically synonymous with "science". That's what I think any time I hear yours.
Love your videos man! Great in-depth content from someone who clearly knows what he's talking about
Thank you Torgeir!!
Isaac, you always impress me with you knowledge and your ability to express yourself in a way, that most people that are into these types of topics, can understand it as well as see the reason for doing the science itself.Mark
I've haven't studied anything more advanced then high school science, but I do watch a lot of documentaries about science,physics,space and a few future technology ones, but the 20+ videos I've watched from this channel in the past 2 days are far beyond anything I've ever come across before, my mind is completely scrambled and fried from the ideas and concepts been explained by this amazing person, he earned my subscription to his channel within the first 5 minutes of the first video I watched, this is without a doubt one of the best hidden gems on the whole of UA-cam
if only i could live to see the day humans start doing these wonderful things
i'd probably already be 100% machine by then
i'd love to be able to make animtions like those you use in your videos, so i could demonstrate my concept of how to turn a human into machine without killing the person and replacing by a robot copy with the same memories and personality and stuff
Reason 5 - To decrease a star's brightness.
The infamous Tabby's Star is evidently steadily fading in brightness over time against everything we think we know about stars.
Coincidence?
The time scale for starlifting is in the millions of years, which I believe makes it unlikely to be the cause of Tabby's Star's brightness changes.
Right, plus the huge pluming jets of plasma off the poles would probably be a bit of a giveaway too :)
But we don't know where the poles are. What if one of those poles is more or less directly facing us?
Yeah,I know it's a bit of a stretch, but i'm getting old and my chances of living to see an actual contact with aliens seem to be fading faster than Tabby's star is. If not here, then likely I'll get to find out the answer unless there's some sort of Afterlife (say, if this is all just a massive videogame we wake up from or something) :-/
Tabbys star output is weird because is fluctuating wildly, not steadily decreasing.
+101m4n it is actually steadily decreasing
This is the best comment section on UA-cam your read it and gain info like the video and you can have healthy discussions. Great video Isaac keep Em coming !!
Subbed for the seemingly unlimited amount of content you have put out. Great stuff. I am looking forward to navigating this Universe of Knowlege and expanding my mind's existing peripheral boundaries. Plus your accent is great, Issac.
You have the best channel, with the best topics, with the best explanations, with the best animations. Thank you for what you do.
Thanks, though if I've got the best animations I'm going to assume no one else is using them, because the ones I do are like state of the art early 90s CGI :)
With this technology we could possibly make near infinite robots and near infinite resources all from the sun. It’s just like the Star forge
But better
Perfect timing just finished prepping for the hurricane here in West Palm Beach Fl. thank you once again for such a great upload!
Stay safe, it looks to be a bad one.
Whenever I watch videos like these and start to think about what a cosmic effort it would take, I’m always reminded how fucking perfect earth actually is
What if this is what quazars or pulsars are? Artificial starlifting, rather than natural phenomena.
Man I remember these old episodes. hard to believe it's been so long! I think this was one of the first I saw.
Stargate is also my favorite show of all time. Iv been watching it since I was a kid in the 90’s
Some day humans will look at less advanced civilizations and say "do you even lift, bro?"
There is a device in Star Wars called the "Star Forge" which pulls material from a star to build weapons.
Don't know how you do it, other channels with a full staff take weeks to create 1 video, and some only post a video a month. Your pumping out incredible content at a champions pace, with nothing but that brain of yours and coffee. This channel has become far and away my favorite. Many thanks.
Thanks! though to be fair its coffee and nicotine, I just only reference the former :)
I know the feeling, have been trying to quit. A pack a day for 9 years, tried everything under the sun. Hopefully something will work, it be a shame to work my whole life just to be miserable when I get to retire. Copd is a real threat to my endgame, or worse.
So if we don't destroy ourselves, our descendants could keep the Sun going almost indefinitely through careful management, maybe breaking down the odd red dwarf for hydrogen. That's a comforting thought.
Discovered your channel and love the audacity of your thinking and your expertise in science. Brilliant.
Thank you! I'm glad you're enjoying the channel.
this just give me so much motivation to do well in my life
PBS Space Time sent me back to this video!
Isaac, I am a new subscriber to your channel and find it heartening to see this material inspiring others with interesting subject materials. I find it hard to derive entertainment from seeing Ron or his brother Mo, leaping from a roof, onto undersized trampolines, as an interesting diversion. Your subject materials are inspiring, and hopefully will incentivize others to aspire to the Sciences/Engineering. There are whole careers to be had in the details of these simpler, larger scale concepts. Your delivery of the material is excellent, and this moves me to point out that what you perceive as an unusual speech pattern isn't really more than an accent to others. In reality it may well be an advantage for you here, as it only contributes to people becoming more attentive to listening. It is much like a speaker actually lowering their volume for important points to draw a listener to pay closer attention. Please, keep up with the good works.
You ow me hours of my life , keep it up , also love the editing !!
Thanks! :)
could you use this to make several small suns in our solar system and dyson swarm each? that might make a lot of lagrange points and goldilocks zones.
This is a really interesting idea. The physics principles are there, but the scale is, as I have come to expect from this channel, is massive.
One question though: if you were doing this in an inhabited solar system, I assume you would need to be careful to keep your planet roughly in the same spot in the Goldilocks Zone. I haven't seen if you have made a video on this, but what methods would a civilization use to move it's planet to keep up with the contracting Goldilocks Zone?
We looked at that in the terraforming video, move a planet is a lot harder than changing its spin for instance but can be done, basically with lots of big mirrors with a lot of mass on them that you whack with laser asa a gravity tractor setup. Easier to just have those same mirrors bounce a bit of extra sunlight onto the planet though.
I had a feeling you'd covered it. I'm still watching through past videos admittedly.
And a Gravity Tractor is what I'd expected too, though I wasn't sure if there were other methods. Its really cool to think about altering a solar system this massively!
There are some others, I think I covered a few in terraforming but it was pretty quick, gravity tractor is probably best. And yeah, megaengineering and stellar engineering are wonderful thinks to ponder.
When our sun begins to expand into it's red giant phase, decreasing it's mass would widen the orbit of the earth and other bodies. So that could keep the earth in the habitable zone, witch would be widening at that point. Once there is enough helium in the sun's core; that denser element will pull more hydrogen closer to it, causing more fusion to take place at once. That extra fusion makes the sun expand into a red giant. Although, the red giant phase could be delayed if starlifting reduces the suns mass enough, before that phase begins.
another amazing video Isaac honestly the second I hear your intro music theme life gets all of a sudden interesting there's so much possibilities and potential keep up your good work
I feel like a god damn Gentian line shatterling lol
Probably my favorite book by Reynolds :)
I love your channel. Thanks for doing what you do.
Ive never before found a channel so suited to my nerdy needs. I feel like I can't watch enough of them fast enough! It doesn't help that each one refers to another one, so then I have to watch that to get this, and so on.
Yeah it was entirely unintentional but the channel has ended up like wiki or TV Tropes where one can get lost for hours exploring related episodes. I try to make everything self-contained but that often means skimming or skipping things that we've discussed in more detail elsewhere.
It's cool man, keep doing what you love, and people will appreciate it. I know I do.
Fusion primarily takes place in Sun's core, and hardly at all in the rest of its mass. I've read that Sun's core is ten times the density of lead, and is virtually pure hydrogen and helium. It is my understanding that any metals in Sun are external to the core. Owing to the significantly greater density of the core and the uniform radiative environment, convection does not take place between the outer layers and the core. Rather, whatever is in Sun's core is locked there, and provides whatever lifespan Sun has. All the rest of Sun's mass is a blanket driven by energy released from the core.
When Sun's core begins forming carbon, Sun will begin expanding, as it gets hotter. It will blow off quite a bit of its matter, but eventually cool and shrink, ultimately becoming a cold, dark mass. A heavier star would have one day begun producing iron after generating carbon. Within seconds of producing its first atoms of iron, the star's core would collapse violently, as this process requires more energy than it releases and the core's energy output will be insufficient to resist the crush of gravity. The infalling matter under millions of gs of gravitational force would reach huge velocities, until it collides with the star's core and bounces outward. The resulting pressure wave through the star's core would condense it. The force would be enough to produce elements up through another row or two of the periodic table beyond iron, but no star is believed capable of producing elements heavier than lead through its own fusion processes. Those heavier elements require even more powerful events, such as the collision of neutron stars.
In what video did you talk about magnetic rocket nozzles? I want to understand how solar wind is collected. You mentioned the VASIMR thruster, but that uses radio waves to heat the propulsion fuel. Would radio waves be used in some kind of reverse process to cool and decelerate the plasma coming off the sun?
Damn it. These videos are addicting. I don't know if it's the presentation, the information, or just the speech itself, but it's brought me back to this channel several times already. And I only just learned about you from Cody's Lab!
:) Welcome to the Channel
My favorite episode Isaac, great video as always
7 Reasons to Starlift?
We can combine 1 & 2, and label it: To get star stuff.
New to the channel (came from PBS Space Time), the Elmer Fudd closed captions thingy made me laugh. ^^
This is my new favourite channel. I'm going to watch all of it!!! :-)
Thank you for the hardwork!
I loved it, Arthur! Thank You for setting all of this down. Have you been able to take a look at the theorized variants of the Bussard Ramjet? We could accelerate and propel lifted solar matter into interstellar space along a path we'd like to explore, and send a Bussard Ramjet powered ship down that path to use the solar matter as fuel along its journey. -What do you think?
Did you know the Wikipedia page about Star Lifting references this video?
Ha, awesome, thanks for letting me know.
The concept of star lifting blows my mind
An amazing channel, one of the best on youtube - or elsewhere.
I think Elon Musk has been watching Isaac Arthur, would explain his recent hype about getting into space.
Musk has been that way for at least a decade.
I think its more a case of great minds thinking alike, though i'm sure both Musk and Arthur would humbly deny being "great", which is fair enough.
AMAZING video Isaac. Such an interesting topic and not one I have ever heard of before!
Hi, Issac, I got a question about the ring around the sun 19:23 . You say that it could be a bunch of orbital stations shooting ions between each other, but.. won't Suns' magnetic field and radiation blast away those ions before they reach the other station?
great as always! and hey congrats on 20k subs! its proof of quality :) people want more!
This might be what's going on with Tabby's Star.
I was just thinking that. Intercepting the light with reflective panels would explain the sharp changes in brightness, and the reduction in mass would explain the long term trend of decreased light.
However, based on the timelines in this video, the civilization tearing apart Tabby's Star would have to be really desperate and very powerful, because the trend in brightness has happened over the last century and not the last few million years. I'm sure Isaac Arthur will have something to say about this, but that is my explanation of why it's not that likely.
I miss Stargåte
here-here, i loved SGU. The issue was using known (so expensive and in-demand) actors but a great sci-fi show just needs good yet unknown actors, great writers and a good special effects team.
Guess I know what I have to binge watch this weekend. Thank you!
Something I have just thought on this starlifting topic.
If iron causes the star to die by negative energy return wouldn't star extend the life of a star? Remove that material would allow the star cleaner reaction in fusion wouldn't it? No iron to clog up the particles with gunk.
Conversely you also further rarify heavy elements, if you take all the iron out of a star how are elements like uranium and gold going to be produced?
Further can you not "inject" hydrogen into a star to extend it life (being very careful not to make it too big so when it dies it doesn't go supernova or blackhole).
What we need is a manufacturing site off planet. Putting a spacedock/refinery/material storage in space (orbit, moon, or both) over half a century shouldn't break the bank if it's automated or remote controlled from the ground.
Great episode. I'd heard you mention that the Earth may be uninhabitable due to increased solar output in about 300 million years if we did nothing. If we were to remain nostalgic about Earth in its current state, would you suggest we calibrate our star lifting to maintain constant brightness at current levels? If we did, roughly how much time do you think that might buy us before we lost all practical leverage to keep going?
I'm not sure, but its easier to move the planet honestly, or if you shrink the sun just put a lens in at L1 to keep the brightness where you like it.
Wow! Another amazing video full of extraordinary concepts. Really makes one think big!
Do you ever work with science fiction writers as a consultant, or do any writing yourself?
I could see some great material you could offer.
Yes and yes, and no and no. Lots of folks send me manuscripts or story ideas, some are published, most still aspiring, no big names though. And I used to do a lot of writing but generally would abandon it as crappy after a bit, now I mostly channel that into the episodes instead. I don't do good dialogue.
I think you could make some fascinating stories. Maybe hook up with a team to share the storyline and character development.
Great work and thanks for the cool science show.
Dragon born ...i think he already said that dialogue is his weak point. Writing is not.
Isaac Arthur I have been studying using plenty of Astronomy based UA-cam channels, Websites, Books etc for the last 4 Months...I am laying down something like an ground map or like a big collection of information which I will - when completed - use as main source for a Science fiction story I have had in my head for twenty years. Your videos have definitely helped me in my studies and give me great information on many topics.
Especially your Population Videos helped immensely when choosing which type seems possible for the Vessel used by the main characters in my Story.
@@isaacarthurSFIA "I don't do good dialogue."
I've got an idea, We'll write a book together. You'll do the science, and I'll handle the dialogue!
I agree, Stargate was one of the best shows ever, and Stargate Universe had so much potential and was canceled way too early.
Yes, though I have to admit SGU had some flaws, I think they'd mostly got them fixed by late season 2 but it was too late.
I saw every series but SGU
@@jonathanhensley6141 SGU starts out slow, but gets really good in the second half of season 2. I appreciated the early parts more the second time I watched it, partly because I knew the characters (there are a ton), and partly because I had grown up and developed a more mature understanding of the themes.
Would love to see star lifting and more megastructure in science fiction shows.
i dont have enough income to become a patrion(student) but i will recomment your when i wacht other science channels
I do the exact same thing
Incoming PBS spacetime viewers!
Another great video. I am glad to see your views and subscriber numbers increasing!
Thanks Paul, I'm very happy to see the audience growing.
some amazing vocal improvement. Still need a little work on "r" but other than that I can't tell you ever struggled :)
What happens when we do make the brightness of the sun 2/3 of what it was? What will happen to Earth? I know we’ll have millions of kgs to build structures with in space, but what happens to Earth? Do we just move it, can we focus the sun’s energy on the earth so the sun still gets the same sunlight?
Love your videos never stop making them.
That did not feel like 27 minutes! :( But it was a great episode though!
Thanks for the video. Lots to think about.
I am having doubts about civilization downgrading G-stars to red dwarfs. You could colonize a K dwarf with less effort than lifting a G star. The civilizations talked about in the video are motivated to grow and expand. A star in the red giant phase will crank out hundreds or thousand times more watts. If you separate the helium in a solar mass star and make it the new core then it will contract and flash the helium. Natural stars dump mass into planetary nebula so lifting mass off of a red giant should be comparatively easy. A bicycle or pedal-powered vehicle on a track will burn through much less fuel than a SUV or jet. The civilizations on earth I am familiar with tend to choose the fast, high-power options. Converting a solar mass object(s) into red-giant Dyson Swarm moves the civilization from K1.9 to K2.2. Assuming that moving up the Kardeshev scale is something worthwhile then dimming the star(s) is the wrong direction.
ZOMG!!! I loved Stargate Universe too! So underrated for the brilliance it showed.
LOL, so the first episode I pick is the one that you say this isn't the one to start with.... let's play anyways!
Great stuff at usual.
YES THE BEST UPLOAD OF THE WEEK
Thanks for the video, very informative and the graphics are getting better, I feel. I binge watched most of the videos recently, so I guess the contrast seems more to me.
Thanks Prakash, I've been trying to get the graphics up to a decent standard though I suspect I'm pretty close to plateauing out, hobby-level skill can only go so far, but yeah there is a huge contrast between the original vids and the newer ones, I tend to cringe watching the oldest. :)