The more I listen the more I feel very lucky to live on this planet with all the "blessings" like a molten core, the moon, water, electromagnetic field and a billion more.
Sort of makes you wonder - with as _rare_ as this world seems is turning out to be, if somehow it was created especially for us that we could arrive at the point where the Universe was able to contemplate its own existence ?
@@chuckintexas Trillions... countem.... TRILLIONS of Planets in our Galaxy. Even if we were one in a Trillion, here we are, and just over there looking towards the Andromeda Galaxy not very far from us on a relative scale is a couple more, then a couple more and there are likely trillions of galaxies out there. Many thousands and tens of thousands of times the size of Andromeda. Point being, even IF we are rare... We are not even close to being rare LOL. BTW: Nothing about our world is turning out to be rare so idk where you got that from. The more we look, the more mundane Earth appears to be. Just your standard rocky planet. Nothing special about it.
@@jeffhoward162 - Well, as the STATISTICAL (SCIENTIFIC) likelihood AGAINST the SPECIFIC set of circumstances that led to a Multi-BILLION year _STABLE_ Terran HABITAT - LIKE among DOZENS of potential examples : EXACTLY the RIGHT Gravitational constant that would BOTH allow the maintaining of a STSABLE ATMOSPHERE _AND_ allow a Gravitational ESCAPE VELOCITY manageable via CONVENTIONAL CHEMICAL PROPELLANTS (!!) , a molten core _and_ a MOON the exact RIGHT size AND MASS to counter Terran WOBBLE in our Solar Orbit and DOZENS of similar unique things about our existence ... , our existence in NOT _ONLY_ the Solar Habitable Zone but the *_GALACTIC HABITABLE ZONE_* , and with YOUR insistence that there are "Millions or Billions" of "HABITABLER PLANETS in that VERY SAME GALAXY being nothing more than YOUR SUPPOSITION based on *STATISTICAL "Probability"* and _NOT _*_OBSERVED_*_ Scientific VERIFICATION_ , THAT the very TATISTICAL PROBABILITY _AGAINST_ this VERY _SPECIAL_ combination of circumstances being *GREATER THAN THE **_SCIENTIFICALLY_** ESTIMATED total number of ATOMS in the KNOWN UNIVERSE* , *_YOU_* would derisively accuse with *_PLEASE_* ?!? The ARROGANCE of YOUR UNBOUNDED Scientifically INTELLECTUALY "SUPERIOR" *_IGNORANCE_* is just nothing LESS than *STUNNING* .
-"i have a speech impediment my voice is hard to understand" -has a voice that sounds like an epic accent that is actually easier then most people to understand
Hahaha.. I used to have that problem.. Now I listen to my favorite episodes so the familiarity helps me sleep. His voice is absolutely not what I expected to find relaxing my first time here. Now though, I truly appreciate him.
You know...i was going to watch this whole thing uninterrupted from start to finish....until he mentioned terraforming black holes *sigh* guess its going to be another night of staying up till 4 am watching Isaac Arthur videos...
Artificial diamonds are already fairly common in the construction (and mining) industry. Examples would be diamond tipped drill bits and diamond etched concrete saws.
"And you're supposed to use Greek or Latin for this stuff or people might not think you're doing science" That comment actually made me laugh out loud.
One of the most positive effects of using greek and latin words (or mythological names) to name science concepts (and things, and animals dead or alive) is that it uses a relatively neutral basis for naming. Otherwise, we would end up with pissing contests between countries trying to name things "their way". Latin+Greek is still euro-centric, but it's a million times better than naming a planet "Star of King George III" (as a very patriotic British astronomer wanted to name Uranus originally). Interestingly, for Neptune, the name has been translated into similar myhthological names in non-European cultures, respecting the general idea behind the name. In Asian cultures, Neptune is "star of the king of oceans" (海王星).
@@hdufort mythological names really are convenient when you put it that way, since most cultures did have a god or patron saint of XYZ at some point in history
Pressure pushes it in, temperature pushes it out. BOOM MIND BLOWN, never thought about it like that before, as a matter of fact the nature of relations between matter temperature and pressure completely eluded me before that. How something so simple never occurred to me before...I love your channel man keep it going!
Yeah that one is weird, I've used that example or liquid/solid/gas before and it always seems to explain it better, but I almost never hear chemists use it, enough that I had to double check with a couple to make sure I wasn't confused or something.
The best one like this that I ever heard is Richard Feynman's answer to "explain physics to a ten year old". With a twinkle in his eye Feynman replied: Small things jiggle, and the smaller they are the more they jiggle. This is absolutely brilliant! It explains heat (lots of giggling), cold, boiling, freezing, pressure, condensation, sublimation, why light heats stuff, etc. etc. It also explains some quantum mechanics and subatomic physics. The most explanatory sentence I have ever heard!
oh yeah it is.... and love how it's simple explanation but gets the complexity down.... beyond a high school science class and more like a college class. I think most sci fi fans are at about that level if they never took a "heavy" science major in college.
Thanks for making this, I've been working on a planet in a si-fi setting and though its not strictly speaking a water planet it does have less landmass than earth, especially large singular landmasses. This video has helped me refine some of my ideas quite a bit.
Great video, man. The deep ocean freaks me out enough as is... I've heard it said that stereopalagic worlds would be essentially just gas giants, given how thick of an atmosphere they would likely have, which combines my fears of deep ocean with gas giants. Hehehe I'm excited for the wormhole video! It will make the ending of Confluence make a bit more sense, I think. Hope everyone's having a good day!
i am extremely curious about one thing. WAVES. and WINDS. on Earth landmasses, underwater mountains break the power of waves. It is same for the wind. If a planet has no landmass or any obstacle for wind and waves to dissipate their energy, it'll start a planetwide storm with a positive feedback cycle. You can imagine a water world that has a shallowest depth of 200 meters, if the planet has an atmosphere that could support liquid water, and if it is at the goldilocks zone of its host star, then probably all hell will break loose. kilometer-high waves, and storms that can race with jupiter's red spot... extreme weather is probably a must in these planets... so probably if you don't want to kicked up to the planet's orbit by its gigantic waves, no floating bases...
Interstellar had a tide. The tide was caused by a black hole. Wave height is determined by wind speed. The North Atlantic has waves as large as can be expected from any planet with our atmosphere, our gravity, and water. The energy in the waves dissipates. Waves travel thousands of kilometers but only because the wind is still blowing them. Other planets could have circumstances that make larger waves but wave height will still be within the ball park.
I cannot tell you how much I appreciate your videos:) I am not a science person, but very interested in science. You are easy to understand even on complex subjects. Thanks for all your hard work and I do really like the pace of this video:)
@@isaacarthurSFIA - Isaac- Don't know if you'll see THIS one, but yes, the slower pace comment is spot-on correct, as the slower overall pace allows us time to digest a concept as you're presenting the next one, so that the two (that continue to build with each succeeding concept ...) build on each other, allowing much more cumulative insight as the Vid progresses. ALSO- the "digressions" help immensely, too- as they add "Context" and a bit of your own thinking to the concept you're presenting. This pace is - in my own opinion - more communicative (?) than the faster-paced ones forcing us into the succeeding concept before we're able to effectively digest the one we're in the middle of, at any given moment. While some of us are more capable with the science than others, we're ALL interested in the concepts, or we wouldn't be here. JUST a few thoughts. THANKS ! -C.
Thank you for giving your time to educate us regular people; it's awesome that such a brilliant mind can be down-to-earth enough to take time for that. Kind of like Sagan!
+Post it How do we know the planet in that game isn't just an earth-like continental world, with the crash site being in the middle of an ocean? The game doesn't really cover that much area.
Isaac Arthur Agree, its not a race Isaac and I'd be worried your fast tempo would go over the heads of some viewers. For example in one vid you mentioned the formula for equivalence between information and energy, the landaeur equation ... well I know what that is and its implications... but its essentially a video of its own.. did you know for example that researchers in Japan and Germany have built information to energy heat engines. The demonstration matches with the landeaur theorem. Yet you threw it out there in a second or two.... Were not going to ever run out of things to discuss Isaac... and there's no race to the finish line. Having said that what would I know? Having said that allow me to offer you a copy of my sci-fi novel... you'll like it... well I think so anyway .
Similar to the post below, I end my day with watching one of Isaac's videos. Not because they're boring, but because they're relaxing, fun, creative, and thought-provoking. There's no other channel like it. I hope he can continue make these types of vids for as long as possible.
Chris Wayans on his Planetacopia site has created a Bathypelagic world that's also a bit of an Achipelagic one also. He calls it Lyr. Only 4.5% of the surface is land, but it's such a big planet that this is 75% as much land as Earth. It's a fun planet and worth a look, though I find some of the creatures to be too humanoid.
@CharlieKirkIsACanadian (and Captain Kirk is too [or at least William Shatner is]) www.worlddreambank.org/P/PLANETS.HTM You'll notice he's got a few, but Lyr and terraformed Venus seem to be his greatest hits.
Dude seriously, you are very easy to understand. In fact, possibly as a result of attempting to compensate for a mild speech impediment, you are as easy (or easier) to understand than most you-tubers 👍
I think we'll stick with it, with the new PC the video part ought not be as time consuming so I won't feel obliged to slice out every empty second from the narration.
Good call. I think it's worth taking the time when explaining complex ideas like these to go in-depth on some of the underpinnings of the concepts. For example, I liked how you explained the relationship between temperature and pressure in this particular video. It might be a little tedious for those with more expert knowledge but I think it helps those with only introductory or intermediate knowledge of these topics to get caught up so to speak.
On the topic of the host's voice: I have been binge watching your videos, amazing content btw, for the better part of two days now, and several times you have referenced that you can be difficult to understand. I just wanted to say that I have never had any issue understanding you. I have known, in my life, many people with your particular speech impediment, so perhaps my ears were already trained to decipher it. Either way, your content is great. Please keep it coming!
Regarding your "stereopalagic" tangent; You spent way more time and detail explaining that than the circumstances called for, and I don't regret that a bit! I am here to get smatter and learn things, not to study for high school, so these detours into your (stereo)_bibliographic knowledge are AWESOME. As is everything to do with your channel
"Hey man! How was your vacation?" "Amazing dude! I took tourism shuttle to Panatlantia and went tidal-surfing. Some of the wave caps I saw were as big as skyscrapers! I surfed a few miles the first couple of days and went on some aquatic tours. The under water theme park was the best! The roller coasters were a trip. We got rained out of our parasailing trip but other than that I had a great time."
It was cool seeing the AF Museum again! I grew up in Dayton and spent a good chunk of my free time as a kid at the museum. My Dad lived in Fairborn for a bit, and I had buddies that worked at Wright Patt - AFLC back in the Cold War days...
Agreed, he glanced over it in another video. I also had a short chat and got a few recommendations from him. But a dedicated video would be interesting, books movies and what not.
I think that's one of my rainy day videos for if I need to rush something out :) But I did put my favorite ten SF/F authors up in Doomsday Argument as I recall and my FB's got a listing of around 800 books I rated, mostly SF/F. I was joking about that with Eugene S a couple days ago as an example of how bad FB's AI was at predicting what books I'd like with such a large data pool to work off of.
Floating islands (like Subnautica game) could be natural formation caused by plants, bacteria or algae, besides human intervention via terraforming. Also, viable food and nutrients could be transferred by ice formation floating upwards.
Currents hitting undersea mountains will carry nutrient rich water up to the surface on bathypelagic worlds. This happens here on Earth and creates isolated rich zones of life near the surface.
Found this channel 2 weeks ago and am feverishly making up for lost time, an episode a day keeps the grey matter stimulated and soothed, the content has everything I always thought most documentaries were lacking.
Yes and no, the chemical composition is a pretty big factor in the mechanics and 'ice' is a fairly broad term in the context of out planets, but yes there is a strong parallel.
I love watching random SFIA videos (there are certainly enough to watch, do you even sleep, Isaac?!), you never know what you're going to learn. Today I learned the original meaning of "stereo", thank you!
Possible scenario for life on stereopelagic planets. If you have enough geothermal energy below the high-pressure ice layer (because the ice layer might be resting on silicate crusts or mantle with perhaps a metallic core with radioactives -- this IS a super-terrestrial) then there might be occasional volcanoes busting through the ice. This could trigger melt zones around them where high-pressure ice was turned to boiling water, then precipitated down elsewhere on the ocean bottom as it cooled and regained its high-pressure form. This could lead to a convection system in which minerals were deposited and spread around geothermal vents on the high-pressure ice sea floor. Interesting?
But even on Earth there are plants (or being more accurate: algae) that thrives on the surface of water. What Im getting at here is, you pressume that plant is an organism that gains food throu photosyntesis AND is rooted to ground via, well, roots. Theres plenty of evidence on Earth, that while it might be the case for most plants, its not really necesarry to have both. Said Algae thrives by photosyntesis (and for all extensive purpose are plants) but it doesnt have any roots and drift across the surface, reproducing pretty abundandly (anyone who has ever lived near any waterbed during summer and early autumn knows what im talking about, they are ammasing so fast they can outright destroy the ecosystem of a medium sized lake sometimes). If evolution theory is true (and we have no basis to deny it as of now), then similar, ever drifting plants would have evolve on any pelagic planet, instantly removing the problem with first step on the food chain. And with this much room (basically the entire surface of the planet), we could encounter island wide rootless water lilly thingies or other weird and immense plant based life. After all the only two conditions for those would be to feed off of photosyntesis and float on the surface of the ocean. Water wouldnt be a problem and neither would be any minerals since water is a pretty good dissolvent. As of deeper layers, if we would look at Earth, even then theres alot of plant organisms, which while not producing incredibly huge colonies, are in fact pretty numerous. Sperm whales feed off of these. Also, on the note of inteligent life on those types of planets, you kinda forgot that if theres water erosion, there are cave systems, some of which can have pretty huge ammount of air inside. Even if a member of proto inteligent lifeform cant really forge steel in the water, it could as well just pop into one of those, discover fire by freak accident and use caves as primitive forges. Its contrived but not much more than primates figuring out that tree struck by lightning gives something more than weird red thingy that causes pain and death.
Can't have fire on a panthalassic planet, therefore no technology...I've actually seen something like this happen in a game, by sheer dumb accient. One time I was playing SimEarth the way I usually do (leave everything alone and see what happens to evolve) and somehow ended up with a _starfish_ civilization. Yes. Even by the rules of an old '90s videogame, however, they didn't do so good--kept trying to live on beaches to make fire and advance, then having to get back in the ocean so they wouldn't die. It was kind of sad. They did make it to the Bronze Age, though. XD That said, the idea of a planet that is SUCH deep ocean the water at the bottom is _compacted_ into ice is kinda fascinating. Never thought of that before. (I also think I need to go read those David Brin novels.) If I ran into that--just a solid ball of water and that's it, no land at all--I'd start wondering who had artificially made that, why, and where are they now? 'Cos I don't think it's likely to happen on its own. Maybe, I dunno. ....and then I'm back to the Death Gate Cycle and the "element" worlds that were made on purpose there (by magic, though there's DEFINITELY also science in these books as well) and how Chelestra, the ocean world with the outside being ice because it's exposed to the vaccuum of space but the inner part warm enough to be ocean, is basically Europa. Only with a tiny "sun" keeping the inside unfrozen instead of tidal heating. :P Oh, and um, speaking of technology? Yeah, another one of the "Death Gate" worlds is basically a Dyson Sphere. (The traditional common-imagination type--aka ONE sphere, not a swarm.) Whether it makes actual sense or not, I appreciate creative worldbuilding, especially when it gets complex and strictly sticks to its own logic. It's so fun. :)
Thanks for ocean worlds! Wondering what your thoughts, or those of other viewers, are on a Gaia world spanning single organism; its coming to be and conditions identifying it as such. I thought ocean worlds would be ideal candidates for the possibility of this lifeform, hypothetically evolving as a photosynthesis based single cell bio matt into a ubiquitous integrated organism. Basically the planetary ocean thickening with cellular life until it is made flesh. Thoughts?
I always nickname it Planet Bob, or Bob Genusloci. A joke on Douglas Adams' Bob the Sandwichmaker and the algae rafts bobbing up and down. Yes you could get a single organism planet, akin to the one from the old Alpha Centuari video game. It would presumably be very smart, effectively immortal, and very slow. It's one of my favorite concepts to play around with when I'm in more of fictional than science mod.
I was told that we have found several gas giants as close to their star as Murcury is to ours. This being true, we have to assume solar radiation does not strip a planet of its atmosphere and a magnetosphere actually attracts more solar plasma to a planet, that cools in the atmosphere to add mass to a planet. So far I have loved all your videos.
Categories I would create: Ice oceans: Oceans so deep that the water is crushed into exotic forms of ice. On Earth, this would be 70 kilometers for fresh water. I don't know what would happen with salt water. The icy seafloor crust means rocks are quite rare. Abyssal planets: oceans exceed the altitude of all land sufficiently that no significant light from the surface can reach the seafloor. Just as the depths rely on the surface for energy in marine snow, the surface relies on the depths for precious whatever cannot be made from water and atmosphere. Type 1 Steam worlds: planets with an atmosphere of steam, which above a certain pressure, becomes a boiling ocean. Essentially, what Earth would be if we replaced our current atmosphere with H2O and raised the temperature of the ocean surface to boiling. Convection between the ocean and atmosphere generates extreme weather systems. One cannot simply remove water from the ocean and bring it to altitude, and likewise, and lifeform that goes above the waves will die within minutes from its body boiling. Temperature causes the oceans to rise and fall until they equalize and the ocean is again at the point where the water is exactly boiling below it and exactly condensing above it. No ice would exist anywhere near the surface. Type 2 Steam worlds: planets with a temperature and atmospheric pressure so great that a gaseous water atmosphere is crushed into a supercritical fluid at over 648 Kelvins and 218 Atmospheres. The difference between sea and sky is vague, and more and more vague the higher the temperature goes. Water at these temperatures and pressures does not behave as an ideal incompressible liquid or as an ideal compressible gas, so organisms would likely be extremely specialized to the depths they reside at. Whether any light would reach the supercritical zone is not something I have the expertise to say.
Pelagic is a variation of the word pelagos (πέλαγος) and means "open sea". Oceanos (or oceanic in that case) is the word for ocean(!). Also Thalassa (θάλασσα) means sea in greek
Slower pace is definitely more suited for your channel. Longer, more detailed episodes, are more effective for your audience, i feel. At least for me, I leave the playlists on and that them run. Great imaginary, enlightening music, and intellectual/academic discussion; makes one think/awe inspiring.
Isaac- Don't know if you'll see THIS one, but yes, the slower pace comment is spot-on correct, as the slower overall pace allows us time to digest a concept as you're presenting the next one, so that the two (that continue to build with each succeeding concept ...) build on each other, allowing much more cumulative insight as the Vid progresses. ALSO- the "digressions" help immensely, too- as they add "Context" and a bit of your own thinking to the concept you're presenting. This pace is - in my own opinion - more communicative (?) than the faster-paced ones forcing us into the succeeding concept before we're able to effectively digest the one we're in the middle of, at any given moment. While some of us are more capable with the science than others, we're ALL interested in the concepts, or we wouldn't be here. JUST a few thoughts. THANKS ! -C.
This is a great channel. Both informative and entertaining. I love science documentaries, especially those concerning space and evolution, the first because I am interested in where we might go, and the second because I want to know where we came from And I have absolutely no problem understanding the narrator at all.
Dear Mr arthur. Wish we all had your brain and understanding of the larger universe and what could be... one thing that bugs me is you feel the need to apologise for your (barely noticeable) speaking impediment... sir anyone that feels they need an apology from you for it, isn't worthy of hearing your words in the first place. Thank you for all your videos if anything your voice is totally calming suitable for long drives or long evenings of learning. Thank you.
+Isaac Arthur after a long day of work, for the past couple of weeks, I've enjoyed falling asleep to the soothing sound of your knowledge, meaning I think I have "gotten used to your voice" now. I appreciate the great detail you go into in your videos as well as the superb organization of content. Congrats my friend, you got yourself another sub.
In reference to the topic of "Terraforming" a Black-Hole, seeing as the Black-Hole is not land based would we call it "Stellar-Forming"? On another note, using cymatics could we in theory move stars by using sound?
Congratulations, Isaac Arthur on your marvellous and in depth videos. You, like myself, must have been a fan of Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke, two visionaries who helped to create the age we now live in. Richard from London, Ontario, Canada.
Just across the lake, and thank you Richard. Yes I am a fan of both of them, though you're probably making an erroneous deduction, my mother is a fan of Asimov and Newton, and I got my last name the normal way. :)
15:00 , me a music lover, have been absorbing "the fake news" that stereo is left-right for 44 years now. Isaac, I just love you, not only for your vision, but eductional purposes in general. And 'love' is in the american way of saying, since I'm european and we don't do that very often :)
would be an amazing scene if you had a water world with unimaginably MASSIVE lily pads with small ecosystems on them. or "trees" kilometers wide and tall creating mangrove forests and creatures living in them. you could even have said trees be hollow in a sense. kilometers wide, with a massive freshwater lagoon in the middle. or even have many such trees growing together to make sizable "land" masses. see, this is why I wish I could write a good story.
Discovered your channel a few days ago and have already watched several videos. I've enjoyed every one of them so far and will probably catch up on the rest before long! Keep this fantastic content coming!
This makes me think of whalefalls. I imagine those sea floors to be rich in nutrients. With little to disturb it, due to no land causing major currents, you might get creatures that dive down, then up, their wake disturbing that sea floor and creating a "reverse snow". Maybe?
I would expect the specific chemical composition of any "waterworld" to be a highly deterministic factor for life or habitation. Our world has a salt water ocean with a wide variety of minerals dissolved in it. In fact it is reasonable to suggest that a minor variation in the minerals can cause a dramatic effect upon life. Given the dramatic variety of composition of worlds (a very small but significant sample) we have seen so far in our exploration. It is likely that only a small amount of "waterworlds" even with all other desirable parameters in place would support life as we would recognise.
Nice pacing and duration - suited me fine. As for panthallassic planets, of course we here have none, but then again we have no super-earths here either. I wonder how likely they are compared to all other non-gaseous planets.
Great video again, I really enjoyed the slower pace too. It didn't really feel dumbed down and was even more enjoyable to watch in my opinion. Keep up the great videos, I'm always excited when I see a new one pop up!
Thanks Isaac for going back to the habitable planet series. I find it useful and easy to grasp when you break down the subject in to categories. On another note, as a suggestion for future video, I would love to see a video about sci-fi book reviews or your recommendations or your top 10/25 :) The last category might attract a greater number of viewers. As always great work!
I enjoy your videos very much. I learned a lot from this channel and the subject on exoplanets is such a vibrant and exciting field of astronomy. Many thanks for putting up this effort.
There is some misconception here. It turns out, our the deep oceans are also full of life forms (we just haven't explore them much, but every time we go there, we find something), both micro and macro - some really huge against all conventional "wisdom"). That is including areas that are essentially completely dark and light from the sun never reaches. So I'd say that some sort of life and including intelligent life would be possible in all but the last subtype of planets. Intelligent life would indeed be unlikely to produce a space faring civilization... except, that maybe not. In the first two, there is the natural possibility of small island or dry enough pockets for the discovery, maintenance and use of fire. Bathypelagic ones, if there is volcanic activity at the bottom (which will likely vary in depth from region to region, with some regions being still significantly deep, but also significantly closer to the surface than the lowest parts. That is your primordial "fire". If they evolve the means to use that heat to create their things, they could then move upwards relatively easily. The primal issue would be that they would need water and large amounts of pressure to go upwards and out of their habitat just like we need some when we go too high in or beyond the atmosphere (they would likely just need even more). Also,there is the possibility of biological or artificial refinement of sodium and co which would allow for some fiery interactions even under water.
Louis Victor yes, life does exist deep where the sun does not shine. Yes, it is more complex and abundant than many expected, but it still gets the vast majority of its energy from marine snow, the leftovers of life in the sunlit areas. As issac covered, the problem is that the deeper categories would have much greater difficulty getting nutrients to the photic zone. No nutrients in the photic zone, no marine snow. The only other source of energy are hydrothermal vents, and on earth, they only provide a little bit of the energy available in the deep sea (I think the figure was around 3%).
He doesn't say there would be NO life at the deeper levels, just less, which is an accurate reflection on what we currently know to be true here on Earth (think algae, bio-luminescence varieties, etc). Sure, there is a lot of life at the bottom of the ocean that we are just discovering, but currently the amount of life at the bottom at the bottom vs the shallower depths is MUCH less, so his theory would hold to be correct. This also might all change as our technology improves and we are able to spend more time at the bottom researching.
Considering how much gamers hate water worlds in video games such as the Water Temple, I think they would REALLY want to stay away from water planets. o_____o
an intelligent species that evolved on a water world would probably eventually set up floating dry colonies and regard them the way we regard space. in enough time they could possibly develop the technology that only dry land permit s.
Wow! This video is so interesting! I dodnt even know there was a possibility that these ocean-plantes existed! I appreciated your summaries throughout the video. :)
I would like to say I love your videos and would like to add about your speech I just thought you were an upper class Southern gentleman. I should add that I'm from the UK but very used to the American accents.
The more I listen the more I feel very lucky to live on this planet with all the "blessings" like a molten core, the moon, water, electromagnetic field and a billion more.
If we didn’t have all thoughts lucky things, we wouldn’t be here!
Sort of makes you wonder - with as _rare_ as this world seems is turning out to be, if somehow it was created especially for us that we could arrive at the point where the Universe was able to contemplate its own existence ?
@@chuckintexas gee, something's rare, so goddidit. Please.
@@chuckintexas Trillions... countem.... TRILLIONS of Planets in our Galaxy. Even if we were one in a Trillion, here we are, and just over there looking towards the Andromeda Galaxy not very far from us on a relative scale is a couple more, then a couple more and there are likely trillions of galaxies out there. Many thousands and tens of thousands of times the size of Andromeda. Point being, even IF we are rare... We are not even close to being rare LOL. BTW: Nothing about our world is turning out to be rare so idk where you got that from. The more we look, the more mundane Earth appears to be. Just your standard rocky planet. Nothing special about it.
@@jeffhoward162 - Well, as the STATISTICAL (SCIENTIFIC) likelihood AGAINST the SPECIFIC set of circumstances that led to a Multi-BILLION year _STABLE_ Terran HABITAT
- LIKE among DOZENS of potential examples :
EXACTLY the RIGHT Gravitational constant that would BOTH allow the maintaining of a STSABLE ATMOSPHERE _AND_ allow a Gravitational ESCAPE VELOCITY manageable via CONVENTIONAL CHEMICAL PROPELLANTS (!!) , a molten core _and_ a MOON the exact RIGHT size AND MASS to counter Terran WOBBLE in our Solar Orbit and DOZENS of similar unique things about our existence ... , our existence in NOT _ONLY_ the Solar Habitable Zone but the *_GALACTIC HABITABLE ZONE_* ,
and with YOUR insistence that there are "Millions or Billions" of "HABITABLER PLANETS in that VERY SAME GALAXY being nothing more than YOUR SUPPOSITION based on *STATISTICAL "Probability"* and _NOT _*_OBSERVED_*_ Scientific VERIFICATION_ ,
THAT the very TATISTICAL PROBABILITY _AGAINST_ this VERY _SPECIAL_ combination of circumstances
being
*GREATER THAN THE **_SCIENTIFICALLY_** ESTIMATED total number of ATOMS in the KNOWN UNIVERSE* ,
*_YOU_* would derisively accuse with *_PLEASE_* ?!?
The ARROGANCE of YOUR UNBOUNDED Scientifically INTELLECTUALY "SUPERIOR" *_IGNORANCE_*
is just
nothing LESS than *STUNNING* .
-"i have a speech impediment my voice is hard to understand"
-has a voice that sounds like an epic accent that is actually easier then most people to understand
I often put these on to listen to as I fall to sleep... I end up not falling to sleep and listening to the whole thing.
No regrets, worth it.
My Cinematics I end up losing sleep to these videos.....
Hahaha.. I used to have that problem.. Now I listen to my favorite episodes so the familiarity helps me sleep. His voice is absolutely not what I expected to find relaxing my first time here. Now though, I truly appreciate him.
Same :)
My Cinematics
Dude.. samesies
SAME
You know...i was going to watch this whole thing uninterrupted from start to finish....until he mentioned terraforming black holes *sigh* guess its going to be another night of staying up till 4 am watching Isaac Arthur videos...
Ringwoodite - three times more water contained in the mantle than all the oceans combined. That was unexpected. Fascinated with every video
Thanks Iliyan, I try to make each one a little better than the last.
Artificial diamonds are already fairly common in the construction (and mining) industry. Examples would be diamond tipped drill bits and diamond etched concrete saws.
"And you're supposed to use Greek or Latin for this stuff or people might not think you're doing science"
That comment actually made me laugh out loud.
11:50 :)
Real men use germanic
One of the most positive effects of using greek and latin words (or mythological names) to name science concepts (and things, and animals dead or alive) is that it uses a relatively neutral basis for naming. Otherwise, we would end up with pissing contests between countries trying to name things "their way". Latin+Greek is still euro-centric, but it's a million times better than naming a planet "Star of King George III" (as a very patriotic British astronomer wanted to name Uranus originally). Interestingly, for Neptune, the name has been translated into similar myhthological names in non-European cultures, respecting the general idea behind the name. In Asian cultures, Neptune is "star of the king of oceans" (海王星).
@@hdufort mythological names really are convenient when you put it that way, since most cultures did have a god or patron saint of XYZ at some point in history
@@enklaev1933 - for Engineering .
Pressure pushes it in, temperature pushes it out. BOOM MIND BLOWN, never thought about it like that before, as a matter of fact the nature of relations between matter temperature and pressure completely eluded me before that. How something so simple never occurred to me before...I love your channel man keep it going!
Yeah that one is weird, I've used that example or liquid/solid/gas before and it always seems to explain it better, but I almost never hear chemists use it, enough that I had to double check with a couple to make sure I wasn't confused or something.
The best one like this that I ever heard is Richard Feynman's answer to "explain physics to a ten year old".
With a twinkle in his eye Feynman replied: Small things jiggle, and the smaller they are the more they jiggle.
This is absolutely brilliant! It explains heat (lots of giggling), cold, boiling, freezing, pressure, condensation, sublimation, why light heats stuff, etc. etc.
It also explains some quantum mechanics and subatomic physics. The most explanatory sentence I have ever heard!
@@isaacarthurSFIA One of the signs of a truly great scientist is the ability to make regular people understand a thing.
This channel is awesome
Thanks Kyle!
I'll second that...
Indeed. One of the few channels where I can reliably drop a like before even having watched the video.
oh yeah it is.... and love how it's simple explanation but gets the complexity down.... beyond a high school science class and more like a college class.
I think most sci fi fans are at about that level if they never took a "heavy" science major in college.
Kyle Bolton My favorite channel on UA-cam
Thanks for making this, I've been working on a planet in a si-fi setting and though its not strictly speaking a water planet it does have less landmass than earth, especially large singular landmasses. This video has helped me refine some of my ideas quite a bit.
Great video, man.
The deep ocean freaks me out enough as is...
I've heard it said that stereopalagic worlds would be essentially just gas giants, given how thick of an atmosphere they would likely have, which combines my fears of deep ocean with gas giants. Hehehe
I'm excited for the wormhole video! It will make the ending of Confluence make a bit more sense, I think.
Hope everyone's having a good day!
i am extremely curious about one thing.
WAVES. and WINDS.
on Earth landmasses, underwater mountains break the power of waves. It is same for the wind. If a planet has no landmass or any obstacle for wind and waves to dissipate their energy, it'll start a planetwide storm with a positive feedback cycle.
You can imagine a water world that has a shallowest depth of 200 meters, if the planet has an atmosphere that could support liquid water, and if it is at the goldilocks zone of its host star, then probably all hell will break loose.
kilometer-high waves, and storms that can race with jupiter's red spot...
extreme weather is probably a must in these planets...
so probably if you don't want to kicked up to the planet's orbit by its gigantic waves, no floating bases...
The weather on these worlds would tend to be fairly extreme on the surface, yes.
That could solve your nutrient mixing problem.
Not really, it would accumulate to one massive wave (thinking bout Interstellar). Guess situation changes if you get couple moons though.
Interstellar had a tide. The tide was caused by a black hole.
Wave height is determined by wind speed. The North Atlantic has waves as large as can be expected from any planet with our atmosphere, our gravity, and water. The energy in the waves dissipates. Waves travel thousands of kilometers but only because the wind is still blowing them. Other planets could have circumstances that make larger waves but wave height will still be within the ball park.
neat:)
I cannot tell you how much I appreciate your videos:) I am not a science person, but very interested in science. You are easy to understand even on complex subjects. Thanks for all your hard work and I do really like the pace of this video:)
Thank you David, and thanks for watching!
@@isaacarthurSFIA - Isaac- Don't know if you'll see THIS one, but yes, the slower pace comment is spot-on correct, as the slower overall pace allows us time to digest a concept as you're presenting the next one, so that the two (that continue to build with each succeeding concept ...) build on each other, allowing much more cumulative insight as the Vid progresses.
ALSO- the "digressions" help immensely, too- as they add "Context" and a bit of your own thinking to the concept you're presenting.
This pace is - in my own opinion - more communicative (?) than the faster-paced ones forcing us into the succeeding concept before we're able to effectively digest the one we're in the middle of, at any given moment. While some of us are more capable with the science than others, we're ALL interested in the concepts, or we wouldn't be here.
JUST a few thoughts.
THANKS !
-C.
Thank you for giving your time to educate us regular people; it's awesome that such a brilliant mind can be down-to-earth enough to take time for that. Kind of like Sagan!
Oh btw If you guys interested with the concept of waterworlds, there is a cool game called Subnautica
ive seen that game and it looks really cool.
Jonathan Stiles yep, but it's actually a mix of the top two
Dude, you're talking my language
This game is terrifying. Why did you do this to me?
+Post it
How do we know the planet in that game isn't just an earth-like continental world, with the crash site being in the middle of an ocean? The game doesn't really cover that much area.
Wow. Found this page 3 days ago and I love it.
Talking about temperature or pressure "winning" actually made old knowledge more intuitive. Thanks!
I quite enjoyed the slower pace in this video, great job :)
I think I'll probably try to keep to that sort of pace in the future.
Isaac Arthur Agree, its not a race Isaac and I'd be worried your fast tempo would go over the heads of some viewers. For example in one vid you mentioned the formula for equivalence between information and energy, the landaeur equation ... well I know what that is and its implications... but its essentially a video of its own.. did you know for example that researchers in Japan and Germany have built information to energy heat engines. The demonstration matches with the landeaur theorem. Yet you threw it out there in a second or two....
Were not going to ever run out of things to discuss Isaac... and there's no race to the finish line.
Having said that what would I know?
Having said that allow me to offer you a copy of my sci-fi novel... you'll like it... well I think so anyway .
You could always slow down video speed on older videos. Using the tiny gear on the video.
Similar to the post below, I end my day with watching one of Isaac's videos. Not because they're boring, but because they're relaxing, fun, creative, and thought-provoking. There's no other channel like it. I hope he can continue make these types of vids for as long as possible.
I have found gold within the trash of UA-cam.
lmao
So true so true
I don't know about the trash, but this is one of the relatively few good UA-cam channels!
Much like the depth of the oceans eh?😂
I strongly disagree.
There are immense resources of science, history, music and news on UA-cam.
I love how Isaac refereed to the dancing octopus as "little dude"
I'm learning English, but with your videos I'm learning much more. Thank you very much. The universe is wonderful.
Chris Wayans on his Planetacopia site has created a Bathypelagic world that's also a bit of an Achipelagic one also. He calls it Lyr. Only 4.5% of the surface is land, but it's such a big planet that this is 75% as much land as Earth. It's a fun planet and worth a look, though I find some of the creatures to be too humanoid.
@CharlieKirkIsACanadian (and Captain Kirk is too [or at least William Shatner is])
www.worlddreambank.org/P/PLANETS.HTM
You'll notice he's got a few, but Lyr and terraformed Venus seem to be his greatest hits.
Dude seriously, you are very easy to understand. In fact, possibly as a result of attempting to compensate for a mild speech impediment, you are as easy (or easier) to understand than most you-tubers 👍
True. But modern "humans"
talk lik dis do so he dumb lol.
(The idiocracy is real)
I love the slower pace and I even like the digressions.
I think we'll stick with it, with the new PC the video part ought not be as time consuming so I won't feel obliged to slice out every empty second from the narration.
Good call. I think it's worth taking the time when explaining complex ideas like these to go in-depth on some of the underpinnings of the concepts. For example, I liked how you explained the relationship between temperature and pressure in this particular video. It might be a little tedious for those with more expert knowledge but I think it helps those with only introductory or intermediate knowledge of these topics to get caught up so to speak.
Your voice is perfectly understandable, and your channel is my favorite!
On the topic of the host's voice: I have been binge watching your videos, amazing content btw, for the better part of two days now, and several times you have referenced that you can be difficult to understand. I just wanted to say that I have never had any issue understanding you. I have known, in my life, many people with your particular speech impediment, so perhaps my ears were already trained to decipher it. Either way, your content is great. Please keep it coming!
Regarding your "stereopalagic" tangent; You spent way more time and detail explaining that than the circumstances called for, and I don't regret that a bit!
I am here to get smatter and learn things, not to study for high school, so these detours into your (stereo)_bibliographic knowledge are AWESOME. As is everything to do with your channel
:D
Yeah all we needed to know was "Stereopalagic planets: Complex life is very unlikely and why the hell would you want to terraform them anyway?"
Here to get smatter eh? Lol I love irony.
"Hey man! How was your vacation?"
"Amazing dude! I took tourism shuttle to Panatlantia and went tidal-surfing. Some of the wave caps I saw were as big as skyscrapers! I surfed a few miles the first couple of days and went on some aquatic tours. The under water theme park was the best! The roller coasters were a trip. We got rained out of our parasailing trip but other than that I had a great time."
This channel is my absolute favourite! The quality of content is almost unparalleled!
It was cool seeing the AF Museum again! I grew up in Dayton and spent a good chunk of my free time as a kid at the museum. My Dad lived in Fairborn for a bit, and I had buddies that worked at Wright Patt - AFLC back in the Cold War days...
I'm going to be visiting AF Museum next week.
It has been a couple of years since the last time I was there.
I'm really looking forward to it.
This type of content is unmatched on you tube.
I love this channel. It talks about the future with great optimism.
Slightly off topic, but you really need to hit us with a video about your sci-fi book recommendations, man!
Agreed, he glanced over it in another video. I also had a short chat and got a few recommendations from him. But a dedicated video would be interesting, books movies and what not.
I think that's one of my rainy day videos for if I need to rush something out :) But I did put my favorite ten SF/F authors up in Doomsday Argument as I recall and my FB's got a listing of around 800 books I rated, mostly SF/F. I was joking about that with Eugene S a couple days ago as an example of how bad FB's AI was at predicting what books I'd like with such a large data pool to work off of.
do heilix worlds
Floating islands (like Subnautica game) could be natural formation caused by plants, bacteria or algae, besides human intervention via terraforming. Also, viable food and nutrients could be transferred by ice formation floating upwards.
Currents hitting undersea mountains will carry nutrient rich water up to the surface on bathypelagic worlds. This happens here on Earth and creates isolated rich zones of life near the surface.
@CharlieKirkIsACanadian Excellent point, about ice -7. There might be mountain tops sticking out of the ice.
best channel I have ever seen on youtube by a country mile
inspirational
i've even converted my kids
Thanks Carl
Converted to what vegetarian
Converted to?
Found this channel 2 weeks ago and am feverishly making up for lost time, an episode a day keeps the grey matter stimulated and soothed, the content has everything I always thought most documentaries were lacking.
I have been looking for a channel like this for ages. I get fed up with the click bait channels that are all the same documentry. Subscribed, awesome.
Welcome to the channel!
As Anne Rice said, sometimes the digressions are what make the story, and yours are always funny and interesting
Isaac Arthur... Asimov and Clarke? My favorites too. Thanks for this video.
Archipelago worlds... Possible?
Stereopelagic planets as they're defined here sound very similar to Ice giants such as Neptune and Uranus, albeit probably one step below that.
Yes and no, the chemical composition is a pretty big factor in the mechanics and 'ice' is a fairly broad term in the context of out planets, but yes there is a strong parallel.
I love coming back through the catalogues of Isaac's vids.
I've got no problems understanding you. I actually find your videos both soothing and informative. Keep it up. I'll keep listening. :)
I can't lie; It took a little while to get used to your voice. Now, I love it. Very comforting.
I love watching random SFIA videos (there are certainly enough to watch, do you even sleep, Isaac?!), you never know what you're going to learn. Today I learned the original meaning of "stereo", thank you!
Thanks for putting the effort to make these videos. Keep It up
Possible scenario for life on stereopelagic planets. If you have enough geothermal energy below the high-pressure ice layer (because the ice layer might be resting on silicate crusts or mantle with perhaps a metallic core with radioactives -- this IS a super-terrestrial) then there might be occasional volcanoes busting through the ice. This could trigger melt zones around them where high-pressure ice was turned to boiling water, then precipitated down elsewhere on the ocean bottom as it cooled and regained its high-pressure form. This could lead to a convection system in which minerals were deposited and spread around geothermal vents on the high-pressure ice sea floor. Interesting?
Another fantastic video!
Thanks Ekaterinya!
Your knowledge of greek is amazing. Being Greek myself I find it impressive
Certainly one of the best and most interesting channels on yt. I could watch these videos all day.
there are algae that can use blackbody radiation for photosynthesis. they actually use a process called quantum walk to maximize efficiency.
Which is probably a good way to develop photosynthesis to begin with
But even on Earth there are plants (or being more accurate: algae) that thrives on the surface of water. What Im getting at here is, you pressume that plant is an organism that gains food throu photosyntesis AND is rooted to ground via, well, roots. Theres plenty of evidence on Earth, that while it might be the case for most plants, its not really necesarry to have both. Said Algae thrives by photosyntesis (and for all extensive purpose are plants) but it doesnt have any roots and drift across the surface, reproducing pretty abundandly (anyone who has ever lived near any waterbed during summer and early autumn knows what im talking about, they are ammasing so fast they can outright destroy the ecosystem of a medium sized lake sometimes). If evolution theory is true (and we have no basis to deny it as of now), then similar, ever drifting plants would have evolve on any pelagic planet, instantly removing the problem with first step on the food chain. And with this much room (basically the entire surface of the planet), we could encounter island wide rootless water lilly thingies or other weird and immense plant based life. After all the only two conditions for those would be to feed off of photosyntesis and float on the surface of the ocean. Water wouldnt be a problem and neither would be any minerals since water is a pretty good dissolvent.
As of deeper layers, if we would look at Earth, even then theres alot of plant organisms, which while not producing incredibly huge colonies, are in fact pretty numerous. Sperm whales feed off of these.
Also, on the note of inteligent life on those types of planets, you kinda forgot that if theres water erosion, there are cave systems, some of which can have pretty huge ammount of air inside. Even if a member of proto inteligent lifeform cant really forge steel in the water, it could as well just pop into one of those, discover fire by freak accident and use caves as primitive forges. Its contrived but not much more than primates figuring out that tree struck by lightning gives something more than weird red thingy that causes pain and death.
Can't have fire on a panthalassic planet, therefore no technology...I've actually seen something like this happen in a game, by sheer dumb accient. One time I was playing SimEarth the way I usually do (leave everything alone and see what happens to evolve) and somehow ended up with a _starfish_ civilization. Yes.
Even by the rules of an old '90s videogame, however, they didn't do so good--kept trying to live on beaches to make fire and advance, then having to get back in the ocean so they wouldn't die. It was kind of sad. They did make it to the Bronze Age, though. XD
That said, the idea of a planet that is SUCH deep ocean the water at the bottom is _compacted_ into ice is kinda fascinating. Never thought of that before. (I also think I need to go read those David Brin novels.) If I ran into that--just a solid ball of water and that's it, no land at all--I'd start wondering who had artificially made that, why, and where are they now? 'Cos I don't think it's likely to happen on its own. Maybe, I dunno.
....and then I'm back to the Death Gate Cycle and the "element" worlds that were made on purpose there (by magic, though there's DEFINITELY also science in these books as well) and how Chelestra, the ocean world with the outside being ice because it's exposed to the vaccuum of space but the inner part warm enough to be ocean, is basically Europa. Only with a tiny "sun" keeping the inside unfrozen instead of tidal heating. :P Oh, and um, speaking of technology? Yeah, another one of the "Death Gate" worlds is basically a Dyson Sphere. (The traditional common-imagination type--aka ONE sphere, not a swarm.)
Whether it makes actual sense or not, I appreciate creative worldbuilding, especially when it gets complex and strictly sticks to its own logic. It's so fun. :)
Thanks for ocean worlds! Wondering what your thoughts, or those of other viewers, are on a Gaia world spanning single organism; its coming to be and conditions identifying it as such. I thought ocean worlds would be ideal candidates for the possibility of this lifeform, hypothetically evolving as a photosynthesis based single cell bio matt into a ubiquitous integrated organism. Basically the planetary ocean thickening with cellular life until it is made flesh. Thoughts?
I always nickname it Planet Bob, or Bob Genusloci. A joke on Douglas Adams' Bob the Sandwichmaker and the algae rafts bobbing up and down. Yes you could get a single organism planet, akin to the one from the old Alpha Centuari video game. It would presumably be very smart, effectively immortal, and very slow. It's one of my favorite concepts to play around with when I'm in more of fictional than science mod.
@@isaacarthurSFIA
Please please please make a video about this “GAIA planet”
man I love these videos, I've just been binge watching through all of them haha
I was told that we have found several gas giants as close to their star as Murcury is to ours. This being true, we have to assume solar radiation does not strip a planet of its atmosphere and a magnetosphere actually attracts more solar plasma to a planet, that cools in the atmosphere to add mass to a planet. So far I have loved all your videos.
isaac you're wawesome!
these videos are very well thought out, put together, and presented.
Thank you for all your great videos, I enjoy watching them a lot.
Categories I would create:
Ice oceans: Oceans so deep that the water is crushed into exotic forms of ice. On Earth, this would be 70 kilometers for fresh water. I don't know what would happen with salt water. The icy seafloor crust means rocks are quite rare.
Abyssal planets: oceans exceed the altitude of all land sufficiently that no significant light from the surface can reach the seafloor. Just as the depths rely on the surface for energy in marine snow, the surface relies on the depths for precious whatever cannot be made from water and atmosphere.
Type 1 Steam worlds: planets with an atmosphere of steam, which above a certain pressure, becomes a boiling ocean. Essentially, what Earth would be if we replaced our current atmosphere with H2O and raised the temperature of the ocean surface to boiling. Convection between the ocean and atmosphere generates extreme weather systems. One cannot simply remove water from the ocean and bring it to altitude, and likewise, and lifeform that goes above the waves will die within minutes from its body boiling. Temperature causes the oceans to rise and fall until they equalize and the ocean is again at the point where the water is exactly boiling below it and exactly condensing above it. No ice would exist anywhere near the surface.
Type 2 Steam worlds: planets with a temperature and atmospheric pressure so great that a gaseous water atmosphere is crushed into a supercritical fluid at over 648 Kelvins and 218 Atmospheres. The difference between sea and sky is vague, and more and more vague the higher the temperature goes. Water at these temperatures and pressures does not behave as an ideal incompressible liquid or as an ideal compressible gas, so organisms would likely be extremely specialized to the depths they reside at. Whether any light would reach the supercritical zone is not something I have the expertise to say.
Hey Arthur you seem like the type of guy who would be a lecturer in some high ranking university, are you?
I think he works for the Ohio state government. Check his cryptocurrency video.
But no, as seen in the video he even get to serve the USAC
Pelagic is a variation of the word pelagos (πέλαγος) and means "open sea". Oceanos (or oceanic in that case) is the word for ocean(!).
Also Thalassa (θάλασσα) means sea in greek
Slower pace is definitely more suited for your channel. Longer, more detailed episodes, are more effective for your audience, i feel. At least for me, I leave the playlists on and that them run. Great imaginary, enlightening music, and intellectual/academic discussion; makes one think/awe inspiring.
Isaac- Don't know if you'll see THIS one, but yes, the slower pace comment is spot-on correct, as the slower overall pace allows us time to digest a concept as you're presenting the next one, so that the two (that continue to build with each succeeding concept ...) build on each other, allowing much more cumulative insight as the Vid progresses.
ALSO- the "digressions" help immensely, too- as they add "Context" and a bit of your own thinking to the concept you're presenting.
This pace is - in my own opinion - more communicative (?) than the faster-paced ones forcing us into the succeeding concept before we're able to effectively digest the one we're in the middle of, at any given moment. While some of us are more capable with the science than others, we're ALL interested in the concepts, or we wouldn't be here.
JUST a few thoughts.
THANKS !
-C.
This is a great channel. Both informative and entertaining. I love science documentaries, especially those concerning space and evolution, the first because I am interested in where we might go, and the second because I want to know where we came from And I have absolutely no problem understanding the narrator at all.
Dear Mr arthur.
Wish we all had your brain and understanding of the larger universe and what could be... one thing that bugs me is you feel the need to apologise for your (barely noticeable) speaking impediment... sir anyone that feels they need an apology from you for it, isn't worthy of hearing your words in the first place. Thank you for all your videos if anything your voice is totally calming suitable for long drives or long evenings of learning. Thank you.
As always, excellent video, very interesting, thank you
+Isaac Arthur after a long day of work, for the past couple of weeks, I've enjoyed falling asleep to the soothing sound of your knowledge, meaning I think I have "gotten used to your voice" now. I appreciate the great detail you go into in your videos as well as the superb organization of content. Congrats my friend, you got yourself another sub.
Welcome to the channel!
In reference to the topic of "Terraforming" a Black-Hole, seeing as the Black-Hole is not land based would we call it "Stellar-Forming"? On another note, using cymatics could we in theory move stars by using sound?
There isn't a problem with your voice. The first video I watched of yours I was able to understand without any issue.
Congratulations, Isaac Arthur on your marvellous and in depth videos. You, like myself, must have been a fan of Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke, two visionaries who helped to create the age we now live in. Richard from London, Ontario, Canada.
Just across the lake, and thank you Richard. Yes I am a fan of both of them, though you're probably making an erroneous deduction, my mother is a fan of Asimov and Newton, and I got my last name the normal way. :)
How this Chanel doesn't have 10 mil subs is beyond me....
15:00 , me a music lover, have been absorbing "the fake news" that stereo is left-right for 44 years now. Isaac, I just love you, not only for your vision, but eductional purposes in general. And 'love' is in the american way of saying, since I'm european and we don't do that very often :)
I've never had trouble understanding by listening. Great channel!
would be an amazing scene if you had a water world with unimaginably MASSIVE lily pads with small ecosystems on them. or "trees" kilometers wide and tall creating mangrove forests and creatures living in them. you could even have said trees be hollow in a sense. kilometers wide, with a massive freshwater lagoon in the middle. or even have many such trees growing together to make sizable "land" masses. see, this is why I wish I could write a good story.
Discovered your channel a few days ago and have already watched several videos. I've enjoyed every one of them so far and will probably catch up on the rest before long! Keep this fantastic content coming!
I'm glad you're ejoying them!
Very detail, as always, learning is the best.
So based on your video Subnautica would be ideal for life since the deeps is like 100 meters? Sun light reach all the way to bottom.
This makes me think of whalefalls. I imagine those sea floors to be rich in nutrients. With little to disturb it, due to no land causing major currents, you might get creatures that dive down, then up, their wake disturbing that sea floor and creating a "reverse snow". Maybe?
I love your videos I hope I haven’t seen them all and when I have I’ll be very anxious to see the next hope to see a few longer videos some day
I would expect the specific chemical composition of any "waterworld" to be a highly deterministic factor for life or habitation. Our world has a salt water ocean with a wide variety of minerals dissolved in it. In fact it is reasonable to suggest that a minor variation in the minerals can cause a dramatic effect upon life. Given the dramatic variety of composition of worlds (a very small but significant sample) we have seen so far in our exploration. It is likely that only a small amount of "waterworlds" even with all other desirable parameters in place would support life as we would recognise.
I love this channel. Grade A quality.
Nice pacing and duration - suited me fine. As for panthallassic planets, of course we here have none, but then again we have no super-earths here either. I wonder how likely they are compared to all other non-gaseous planets.
Great video again, I really enjoyed the slower pace too. It didn't really feel dumbed down and was even more enjoyable to watch in my opinion. Keep up the great videos, I'm always excited when I see a new one pop up!
The slower pace definitely seems to be preferred... and is actually easier for me to do in most respects... so I think its staying :)
Isaac never apologize . I love your videos.
Thanks Isaac for going back to the habitable planet series. I find it useful and easy to grasp when you break down the subject in to categories. On another note, as a suggestion for future video, I would love to see a video about sci-fi book reviews or your recommendations or your top 10/25 :) The last category might attract a greater number of viewers. As always great work!
Popular request of late, the favorite books list
It's long due. No pressure! :) I have to admit that your videos made me go back to reading science fiction and I am loving it so far.
I enjoy your videos very much. I learned a lot from this channel and the subject on exoplanets is such a vibrant and exciting field of astronomy. Many thanks for putting up this effort.
Thank you Frankie!
love these videos
Fantastic video! I love listening to your insight on these ideas.
issac....you never disappoint!
thank you.
Just now watching this great episode 👍🏾
There is some misconception here. It turns out, our the deep oceans are also full of life forms (we just haven't explore them much, but every time we go there, we find something), both micro and macro - some really huge against all conventional "wisdom"). That is including areas that are essentially completely dark and light from the sun never reaches. So I'd say that some sort of life and including intelligent life would be possible in all but the last subtype of planets.
Intelligent life would indeed be unlikely to produce a space faring civilization... except, that maybe not. In the first two, there is the natural possibility of small island or dry enough pockets for the discovery, maintenance and use of fire. Bathypelagic ones, if there is volcanic activity at the bottom (which will likely vary in depth from region to region, with some regions being still significantly deep, but also significantly closer to the surface than the lowest parts. That is your primordial "fire". If they evolve the means to use that heat to create their things, they could then move upwards relatively easily. The primal issue would be that they would need water and large amounts of pressure to go upwards and out of their habitat just like we need some when we go too high in or beyond the atmosphere (they would likely just need even more). Also,there is the possibility of biological or artificial refinement of sodium and co which would allow for some fiery interactions even under water.
Louis Victor yes, life does exist deep where the sun does not shine. Yes, it is more complex and abundant than many expected, but it still gets the vast majority of its energy from marine snow, the leftovers of life in the sunlit areas. As issac covered, the problem is that the deeper categories would have much greater difficulty getting nutrients to the photic zone. No nutrients in the photic zone, no marine snow. The only other source of energy are hydrothermal vents, and on earth, they only provide a little bit of the energy available in the deep sea (I think the figure was around 3%).
He doesn't say there would be NO life at the deeper levels, just less, which is an accurate reflection on what we currently know to be true here on Earth (think algae, bio-luminescence varieties, etc). Sure, there is a lot of life at the bottom of the ocean that we are just discovering, but currently the amount of life at the bottom at the bottom vs the shallower depths is MUCH less, so his theory would hold to be correct. This also might all change as our technology improves and we are able to spend more time at the bottom researching.
At the rate that toxic waste is accumulating in our oceans, life will become exceedingly rare in the mid to upper layers.
your videos are great to hear while i play stellaris, and the soundtrack of stellaris is quite fitting
Considering how much gamers hate water worlds in video games such as the Water Temple, I think they would REALLY want to stay away from water planets. o_____o
an intelligent species that evolved on a water world would probably eventually set up floating dry colonies and regard them the way we regard space. in enough time they could possibly develop the technology that only dry land permit s.
Wow! This video is so interesting! I dodnt even know there was a possibility that these ocean-plantes existed! I appreciated your summaries throughout the video. :)
I really enjoy the channel. Keep up the fantastic work.
This is my favorite channel
I would like to say I love your videos and would like to add about your speech I just thought you were an upper class Southern gentleman. I should add that I'm from the UK but very used to the American accents.
Thank you sir ..another interesting vid..