Water Worlds & Ocean Planets
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- Опубліковано 20 лип 2016
- Some worlds may be entirely covered in water, and we will ask how they are both harder and easier for life to develop and thrive on than we might expect.
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Cover Art by Jakub Grygier:
www.artstation.com/artist/jak... - Наука та технологія
-"i have a speech impediment my voice is hard to understand"
-has a voice that sounds like an epic accent that is actually easier then most people to understand
The more I listen the more I feel very lucky to live on this planet with all the "blessings" like a molten core, the moon, water, electromagnetic field and a billion more.
If we didn’t have all thoughts lucky things, we wouldn’t be here!
Sort of makes you wonder - with as _rare_ as this world seems is turning out to be, if somehow it was created especially for us that we could arrive at the point where the Universe was able to contemplate its own existence ?
@@chuckintexas gee, something's rare, so goddidit. Please.
@@chuckintexas Trillions... countem.... TRILLIONS of Planets in our Galaxy. Even if we were one in a Trillion, here we are, and just over there looking towards the Andromeda Galaxy not very far from us on a relative scale is a couple more, then a couple more and there are likely trillions of galaxies out there. Many thousands and tens of thousands of times the size of Andromeda. Point being, even IF we are rare... We are not even close to being rare LOL. BTW: Nothing about our world is turning out to be rare so idk where you got that from. The more we look, the more mundane Earth appears to be. Just your standard rocky planet. Nothing special about it.
@@jeffhoward162 - Well, as the STATISTICAL (SCIENTIFIC) likelihood AGAINST the SPECIFIC set of circumstances that led to a Multi-BILLION year _STABLE_ Terran HABITAT
- LIKE among DOZENS of potential examples :
EXACTLY the RIGHT Gravitational constant that would BOTH allow the maintaining of a STSABLE ATMOSPHERE _AND_ allow a Gravitational ESCAPE VELOCITY manageable via CONVENTIONAL CHEMICAL PROPELLANTS (!!) , a molten core _and_ a MOON the exact RIGHT size AND MASS to counter Terran WOBBLE in our Solar Orbit and DOZENS of similar unique things about our existence ... , our existence in NOT _ONLY_ the Solar Habitable Zone but the *_GALACTIC HABITABLE ZONE_* ,
and with YOUR insistence that there are "Millions or Billions" of "HABITABLER PLANETS in that VERY SAME GALAXY being nothing more than YOUR SUPPOSITION based on *STATISTICAL "Probability"* and _NOT _*_OBSERVED_*_ Scientific VERIFICATION_ ,
THAT the very TATISTICAL PROBABILITY _AGAINST_ this VERY _SPECIAL_ combination of circumstances
being
*GREATER THAN THE **_SCIENTIFICALLY_** ESTIMATED total number of ATOMS in the KNOWN UNIVERSE* ,
*_YOU_* would derisively accuse with *_PLEASE_* ?!?
The ARROGANCE of YOUR UNBOUNDED Scientifically INTELLECTUALY "SUPERIOR" *_IGNORANCE_*
is just
nothing LESS than *STUNNING* .
I often put these on to listen to as I fall to sleep... I end up not falling to sleep and listening to the whole thing.
No regrets, worth it.
My Cinematics I end up losing sleep to these videos.....
Hahaha.. I used to have that problem.. Now I listen to my favorite episodes so the familiarity helps me sleep. His voice is absolutely not what I expected to find relaxing my first time here. Now though, I truly appreciate him.
Same :)
My Cinematics
Dude.. samesies
SAME
"And you're supposed to use Greek or Latin for this stuff or people might not think you're doing science"
That comment actually made me laugh out loud.
11:50 :)
Real men use germanic
One of the most positive effects of using greek and latin words (or mythological names) to name science concepts (and things, and animals dead or alive) is that it uses a relatively neutral basis for naming. Otherwise, we would end up with pissing contests between countries trying to name things "their way". Latin+Greek is still euro-centric, but it's a million times better than naming a planet "Star of King George III" (as a very patriotic British astronomer wanted to name Uranus originally). Interestingly, for Neptune, the name has been translated into similar myhthological names in non-European cultures, respecting the general idea behind the name. In Asian cultures, Neptune is "star of the king of oceans" (海王星).
@@hdufort mythological names really are convenient when you put it that way, since most cultures did have a god or patron saint of XYZ at some point in history
@@enklaev1465 - for Engineering .
You know...i was going to watch this whole thing uninterrupted from start to finish....until he mentioned terraforming black holes *sigh* guess its going to be another night of staying up till 4 am watching Isaac Arthur videos...
Ringwoodite - three times more water contained in the mantle than all the oceans combined. That was unexpected. Fascinated with every video
Thanks Iliyan, I try to make each one a little better than the last.
Artificial diamonds are already fairly common in the construction (and mining) industry. Examples would be diamond tipped drill bits and diamond etched concrete saws.
Pressure pushes it in, temperature pushes it out. BOOM MIND BLOWN, never thought about it like that before, as a matter of fact the nature of relations between matter temperature and pressure completely eluded me before that. How something so simple never occurred to me before...I love your channel man keep it going!
Yeah that one is weird, I've used that example or liquid/solid/gas before and it always seems to explain it better, but I almost never hear chemists use it, enough that I had to double check with a couple to make sure I wasn't confused or something.
The best one like this that I ever heard is Richard Feynman's answer to "explain physics to a ten year old".
With a twinkle in his eye Feynman replied: Small things jiggle, and the smaller they are the more they jiggle.
This is absolutely brilliant! It explains heat (lots of giggling), cold, boiling, freezing, pressure, condensation, sublimation, why light heats stuff, etc. etc.
It also explains some quantum mechanics and subatomic physics. The most explanatory sentence I have ever heard!
@@isaacarthurSFIA One of the signs of a truly great scientist is the ability to make regular people understand a thing.
This channel is awesome
Thanks Kyle!
I'll second that...
Indeed. One of the few channels where I can reliably drop a like before even having watched the video.
oh yeah it is.... and love how it's simple explanation but gets the complexity down.... beyond a high school science class and more like a college class.
I think most sci fi fans are at about that level if they never took a "heavy" science major in college.
Kyle Bolton My favorite channel on UA-cam
Thanks for making this, I've been working on a planet in a si-fi setting and though its not strictly speaking a water planet it does have less landmass than earth, especially large singular landmasses. This video has helped me refine some of my ideas quite a bit.
Great video, man.
The deep ocean freaks me out enough as is...
I've heard it said that stereopalagic worlds would be essentially just gas giants, given how thick of an atmosphere they would likely have, which combines my fears of deep ocean with gas giants. Hehehe
I'm excited for the wormhole video! It will make the ending of Confluence make a bit more sense, I think.
Hope everyone's having a good day!
I have found gold within the trash of UA-cam.
lmao
So true so true
I don't know about the trash, but this is one of the relatively few good UA-cam channels!
Much like the depth of the oceans eh?😂
I strongly disagree.
There are immense resources of science, history, music and news on UA-cam.
Thank you for giving your time to educate us regular people; it's awesome that such a brilliant mind can be down-to-earth enough to take time for that. Kind of like Sagan!
I cannot tell you how much I appreciate your videos:) I am not a science person, but very interested in science. You are easy to understand even on complex subjects. Thanks for all your hard work and I do really like the pace of this video:)
Thank you David, and thanks for watching!
@@isaacarthurSFIA - Isaac- Don't know if you'll see THIS one, but yes, the slower pace comment is spot-on correct, as the slower overall pace allows us time to digest a concept as you're presenting the next one, so that the two (that continue to build with each succeeding concept ...) build on each other, allowing much more cumulative insight as the Vid progresses.
ALSO- the "digressions" help immensely, too- as they add "Context" and a bit of your own thinking to the concept you're presenting.
This pace is - in my own opinion - more communicative (?) than the faster-paced ones forcing us into the succeeding concept before we're able to effectively digest the one we're in the middle of, at any given moment. While some of us are more capable with the science than others, we're ALL interested in the concepts, or we wouldn't be here.
JUST a few thoughts.
THANKS !
-C.
Wow. Found this page 3 days ago and I love it.
i am extremely curious about one thing.
WAVES. and WINDS.
on Earth landmasses, underwater mountains break the power of waves. It is same for the wind. If a planet has no landmass or any obstacle for wind and waves to dissipate their energy, it'll start a planetwide storm with a positive feedback cycle.
You can imagine a water world that has a shallowest depth of 200 meters, if the planet has an atmosphere that could support liquid water, and if it is at the goldilocks zone of its host star, then probably all hell will break loose.
kilometer-high waves, and storms that can race with jupiter's red spot...
extreme weather is probably a must in these planets...
so probably if you don't want to kicked up to the planet's orbit by its gigantic waves, no floating bases...
The weather on these worlds would tend to be fairly extreme on the surface, yes.
That could solve your nutrient mixing problem.
Not really, it would accumulate to one massive wave (thinking bout Interstellar). Guess situation changes if you get couple moons though.
Interstellar had a tide. The tide was caused by a black hole.
Wave height is determined by wind speed. The North Atlantic has waves as large as can be expected from any planet with our atmosphere, our gravity, and water. The energy in the waves dissipates. Waves travel thousands of kilometers but only because the wind is still blowing them. Other planets could have circumstances that make larger waves but wave height will still be within the ball park.
neat:)
Oh btw If you guys interested with the concept of waterworlds, there is a cool game called Subnautica
ive seen that game and it looks really cool.
Jonathan Stiles yep, but it's actually a mix of the top two
Dude, you're talking my language
This game is terrifying. Why did you do this to me?
+Post it
How do we know the planet in that game isn't just an earth-like continental world, with the crash site being in the middle of an ocean? The game doesn't really cover that much area.
I love how Isaac refereed to the dancing octopus as "little dude"
I quite enjoyed the slower pace in this video, great job :)
I think I'll probably try to keep to that sort of pace in the future.
Isaac Arthur Agree, its not a race Isaac and I'd be worried your fast tempo would go over the heads of some viewers. For example in one vid you mentioned the formula for equivalence between information and energy, the landaeur equation ... well I know what that is and its implications... but its essentially a video of its own.. did you know for example that researchers in Japan and Germany have built information to energy heat engines. The demonstration matches with the landeaur theorem. Yet you threw it out there in a second or two....
Were not going to ever run out of things to discuss Isaac... and there's no race to the finish line.
Having said that what would I know?
Having said that allow me to offer you a copy of my sci-fi novel... you'll like it... well I think so anyway .
You could always slow down video speed on older videos. Using the tiny gear on the video.
Dude seriously, you are very easy to understand. In fact, possibly as a result of attempting to compensate for a mild speech impediment, you are as easy (or easier) to understand than most you-tubers 👍
True. But modern "humans"
talk lik dis do so he dumb lol.
(The idiocracy is real)
Similar to the post below, I end my day with watching one of Isaac's videos. Not because they're boring, but because they're relaxing, fun, creative, and thought-provoking. There's no other channel like it. I hope he can continue make these types of vids for as long as possible.
Talking about temperature or pressure "winning" actually made old knowledge more intuitive. Thanks!
On the topic of the host's voice: I have been binge watching your videos, amazing content btw, for the better part of two days now, and several times you have referenced that you can be difficult to understand. I just wanted to say that I have never had any issue understanding you. I have known, in my life, many people with your particular speech impediment, so perhaps my ears were already trained to decipher it. Either way, your content is great. Please keep it coming!
I'm learning English, but with your videos I'm learning much more. Thank you very much. The universe is wonderful.
I love the slower pace and I even like the digressions.
I think we'll stick with it, with the new PC the video part ought not be as time consuming so I won't feel obliged to slice out every empty second from the narration.
Good call. I think it's worth taking the time when explaining complex ideas like these to go in-depth on some of the underpinnings of the concepts. For example, I liked how you explained the relationship between temperature and pressure in this particular video. It might be a little tedious for those with more expert knowledge but I think it helps those with only introductory or intermediate knowledge of these topics to get caught up so to speak.
Your voice is perfectly understandable, and your channel is my favorite!
I have been looking for a channel like this for ages. I get fed up with the click bait channels that are all the same documentry. Subscribed, awesome.
Welcome to the channel!
"Hey man! How was your vacation?"
"Amazing dude! I took tourism shuttle to Panatlantia and went tidal-surfing. Some of the wave caps I saw were as big as skyscrapers! I surfed a few miles the first couple of days and went on some aquatic tours. The under water theme park was the best! The roller coasters were a trip. We got rained out of our parasailing trip but other than that I had a great time."
Stereopelagic planets as they're defined here sound very similar to Ice giants such as Neptune and Uranus, albeit probably one step below that.
Yes and no, the chemical composition is a pretty big factor in the mechanics and 'ice' is a fairly broad term in the context of out planets, but yes there is a strong parallel.
I love watching random SFIA videos (there are certainly enough to watch, do you even sleep, Isaac?!), you never know what you're going to learn. Today I learned the original meaning of "stereo", thank you!
Chris Wayans on his Planetacopia site has created a Bathypelagic world that's also a bit of an Achipelagic one also. He calls it Lyr. Only 4.5% of the surface is land, but it's such a big planet that this is 75% as much land as Earth. It's a fun planet and worth a look, though I find some of the creatures to be too humanoid.
@CharlieKirkIsACanadian (and Captain Kirk is too [or at least William Shatner is])
www.worlddreambank.org/P/PLANETS.HTM
You'll notice he's got a few, but Lyr and terraformed Venus seem to be his greatest hits.
Currents hitting undersea mountains will carry nutrient rich water up to the surface on bathypelagic worlds. This happens here on Earth and creates isolated rich zones of life near the surface.
@CharlieKirkIsACanadian Excellent point, about ice -7. There might be mountain tops sticking out of the ice.
As Anne Rice said, sometimes the digressions are what make the story, and yours are always funny and interesting
Floating islands (like Subnautica game) could be natural formation caused by plants, bacteria or algae, besides human intervention via terraforming. Also, viable food and nutrients could be transferred by ice formation floating upwards.
Regarding your "stereopalagic" tangent; You spent way more time and detail explaining that than the circumstances called for, and I don't regret that a bit!
I am here to get smatter and learn things, not to study for high school, so these detours into your (stereo)_bibliographic knowledge are AWESOME. As is everything to do with your channel
:D
Yeah all we needed to know was "Stereopalagic planets: Complex life is very unlikely and why the hell would you want to terraform them anyway?"
Here to get smatter eh? Lol I love irony.
isaac you're wawesome!
Another fantastic video!
Thanks Ekaterinya!
It was cool seeing the AF Museum again! I grew up in Dayton and spent a good chunk of my free time as a kid at the museum. My Dad lived in Fairborn for a bit, and I had buddies that worked at Wright Patt - AFLC back in the Cold War days...
I'm going to be visiting AF Museum next week.
It has been a couple of years since the last time I was there.
I'm really looking forward to it.
This channel is my absolute favourite! The quality of content is almost unparalleled!
I love this channel. It talks about the future with great optimism.
I've got no problems understanding you. I actually find your videos both soothing and informative. Keep it up. I'll keep listening. :)
I can't lie; It took a little while to get used to your voice. Now, I love it. Very comforting.
Certainly one of the best and most interesting channels on yt. I could watch these videos all day.
best channel I have ever seen on youtube by a country mile
inspirational
i've even converted my kids
Thanks Carl
Converted to what vegetarian
Converted to?
Thank you for all your great videos, I enjoy watching them a lot.
This type of content is unmatched on you tube.
I love coming back through the catalogues of Isaac's vids.
there are algae that can use blackbody radiation for photosynthesis. they actually use a process called quantum walk to maximize efficiency.
Which is probably a good way to develop photosynthesis to begin with
But even on Earth there are plants (or being more accurate: algae) that thrives on the surface of water. What Im getting at here is, you pressume that plant is an organism that gains food throu photosyntesis AND is rooted to ground via, well, roots. Theres plenty of evidence on Earth, that while it might be the case for most plants, its not really necesarry to have both. Said Algae thrives by photosyntesis (and for all extensive purpose are plants) but it doesnt have any roots and drift across the surface, reproducing pretty abundandly (anyone who has ever lived near any waterbed during summer and early autumn knows what im talking about, they are ammasing so fast they can outright destroy the ecosystem of a medium sized lake sometimes). If evolution theory is true (and we have no basis to deny it as of now), then similar, ever drifting plants would have evolve on any pelagic planet, instantly removing the problem with first step on the food chain. And with this much room (basically the entire surface of the planet), we could encounter island wide rootless water lilly thingies or other weird and immense plant based life. After all the only two conditions for those would be to feed off of photosyntesis and float on the surface of the ocean. Water wouldnt be a problem and neither would be any minerals since water is a pretty good dissolvent.
As of deeper layers, if we would look at Earth, even then theres alot of plant organisms, which while not producing incredibly huge colonies, are in fact pretty numerous. Sperm whales feed off of these.
Also, on the note of inteligent life on those types of planets, you kinda forgot that if theres water erosion, there are cave systems, some of which can have pretty huge ammount of air inside. Even if a member of proto inteligent lifeform cant really forge steel in the water, it could as well just pop into one of those, discover fire by freak accident and use caves as primitive forges. Its contrived but not much more than primates figuring out that tree struck by lightning gives something more than weird red thingy that causes pain and death.
these videos are very well thought out, put together, and presented.
Thanks for putting the effort to make these videos. Keep It up
Slightly off topic, but you really need to hit us with a video about your sci-fi book recommendations, man!
Agreed, he glanced over it in another video. I also had a short chat and got a few recommendations from him. But a dedicated video would be interesting, books movies and what not.
I think that's one of my rainy day videos for if I need to rush something out :) But I did put my favorite ten SF/F authors up in Doomsday Argument as I recall and my FB's got a listing of around 800 books I rated, mostly SF/F. I was joking about that with Eugene S a couple days ago as an example of how bad FB's AI was at predicting what books I'd like with such a large data pool to work off of.
do heilix worlds
Found this channel 2 weeks ago and am feverishly making up for lost time, an episode a day keeps the grey matter stimulated and soothed, the content has everything I always thought most documentaries were lacking.
+Isaac Arthur after a long day of work, for the past couple of weeks, I've enjoyed falling asleep to the soothing sound of your knowledge, meaning I think I have "gotten used to your voice" now. I appreciate the great detail you go into in your videos as well as the superb organization of content. Congrats my friend, you got yourself another sub.
Welcome to the channel!
This is a great channel. Both informative and entertaining. I love science documentaries, especially those concerning space and evolution, the first because I am interested in where we might go, and the second because I want to know where we came from And I have absolutely no problem understanding the narrator at all.
man I love these videos, I've just been binge watching through all of them haha
I've never had trouble understanding by listening. Great channel!
Discovered your channel a few days ago and have already watched several videos. I've enjoyed every one of them so far and will probably catch up on the rest before long! Keep this fantastic content coming!
I'm glad you're ejoying them!
Just now watching this great episode 👍🏾
How this Chanel doesn't have 10 mil subs is beyond me....
As always, excellent video, very interesting, thank you
I love this channel. Grade A quality.
Fantastic video! I love listening to your insight on these ideas.
issac....you never disappoint!
thank you.
Thanks for ocean worlds! Wondering what your thoughts, or those of other viewers, are on a Gaia world spanning single organism; its coming to be and conditions identifying it as such. I thought ocean worlds would be ideal candidates for the possibility of this lifeform, hypothetically evolving as a photosynthesis based single cell bio matt into a ubiquitous integrated organism. Basically the planetary ocean thickening with cellular life until it is made flesh. Thoughts?
I always nickname it Planet Bob, or Bob Genusloci. A joke on Douglas Adams' Bob the Sandwichmaker and the algae rafts bobbing up and down. Yes you could get a single organism planet, akin to the one from the old Alpha Centuari video game. It would presumably be very smart, effectively immortal, and very slow. It's one of my favorite concepts to play around with when I'm in more of fictional than science mod.
@@isaacarthurSFIA
Please please please make a video about this “GAIA planet”
Hi Arthur, Love the Ocean info.
Very detail, as always, learning is the best.
Thank you sir ..another interesting vid..
Great video again, I really enjoyed the slower pace too. It didn't really feel dumbed down and was even more enjoyable to watch in my opinion. Keep up the great videos, I'm always excited when I see a new one pop up!
The slower pace definitely seems to be preferred... and is actually easier for me to do in most respects... so I think its staying :)
Great episode.
Your knowledge of greek is amazing. Being Greek myself I find it impressive
I really enjoy the channel. Keep up the fantastic work.
I enjoy your videos very much. I learned a lot from this channel and the subject on exoplanets is such a vibrant and exciting field of astronomy. Many thanks for putting up this effort.
Thank you Frankie!
Isaac never apologize . I love your videos.
There isn't a problem with your voice. The first video I watched of yours I was able to understand without any issue.
Keep up the great work! Very interesting watching these videos during this Covid stuff here in Cincinnati. Maybe we will find another place to go and a way to get there. Something That’s been in prayers for someday. I believe this can be done.
love these videos
I love your videos I hope I haven’t seen them all and when I have I’ll be very anxious to see the next hope to see a few longer videos some day
This is my favorite channel
I love this channel.
Love your work mate 👍
32:00 That's unique, hoo-ah! Also makes going arty make sense: yes, there's plenty of flight, no, it's not you.
Wow! This video is so interesting! I dodnt even know there was a possibility that these ocean-plantes existed! I appreciated your summaries throughout the video. :)
Hey Arthur you seem like the type of guy who would be a lecturer in some high ranking university, are you?
I think he works for the Ohio state government. Check his cryptocurrency video.
But no, as seen in the video he even get to serve the USAC
would be an amazing scene if you had a water world with unimaginably MASSIVE lily pads with small ecosystems on them. or "trees" kilometers wide and tall creating mangrove forests and creatures living in them. you could even have said trees be hollow in a sense. kilometers wide, with a massive freshwater lagoon in the middle. or even have many such trees growing together to make sizable "land" masses. see, this is why I wish I could write a good story.
30 minutes plus is great! keep it up Isaac!
Thanks!
This makes me think of whalefalls. I imagine those sea floors to be rich in nutrients. With little to disturb it, due to no land causing major currents, you might get creatures that dive down, then up, their wake disturbing that sea floor and creating a "reverse snow". Maybe?
your videos are great to hear while i play stellaris, and the soundtrack of stellaris is quite fitting
Slower pace is definitely more suited for your channel. Longer, more detailed episodes, are more effective for your audience, i feel. At least for me, I leave the playlists on and that them run. Great imaginary, enlightening music, and intellectual/academic discussion; makes one think/awe inspiring.
Awesome video
Awesome. I like the slower pace.
I think it will be the new norm.
So based on your video Subnautica would be ideal for life since the deeps is like 100 meters? Sun light reach all the way to bottom.
I was told that we have found several gas giants as close to their star as Murcury is to ours. This being true, we have to assume solar radiation does not strip a planet of its atmosphere and a magnetosphere actually attracts more solar plasma to a planet, that cools in the atmosphere to add mass to a planet. So far I have loved all your videos.
Isaac- Don't know if you'll see THIS one, but yes, the slower pace comment is spot-on correct, as the slower overall pace allows us time to digest a concept as you're presenting the next one, so that the two (that continue to build with each succeeding concept ...) build on each other, allowing much more cumulative insight as the Vid progresses.
ALSO- the "digressions" help immensely, too- as they add "Context" and a bit of your own thinking to the concept you're presenting.
This pace is - in my own opinion - more communicative (?) than the faster-paced ones forcing us into the succeeding concept before we're able to effectively digest the one we're in the middle of, at any given moment. While some of us are more capable with the science than others, we're ALL interested in the concepts, or we wouldn't be here.
JUST a few thoughts.
THANKS !
-C.
Pelagic is a variation of the word pelagos (πέλαγος) and means "open sea". Oceanos (or oceanic in that case) is the word for ocean(!).
Also Thalassa (θάλασσα) means sea in greek
Possible scenario for life on stereopelagic planets. If you have enough geothermal energy below the high-pressure ice layer (because the ice layer might be resting on silicate crusts or mantle with perhaps a metallic core with radioactives -- this IS a super-terrestrial) then there might be occasional volcanoes busting through the ice. This could trigger melt zones around them where high-pressure ice was turned to boiling water, then precipitated down elsewhere on the ocean bottom as it cooled and regained its high-pressure form. This could lead to a convection system in which minerals were deposited and spread around geothermal vents on the high-pressure ice sea floor. Interesting?
I love your material.
Thanks Brock, and I love Venture Bros :)
Awesome video Issac!
Nice pacing and duration - suited me fine. As for panthallassic planets, of course we here have none, but then again we have no super-earths here either. I wonder how likely they are compared to all other non-gaseous planets.
Thanks Isaac for going back to the habitable planet series. I find it useful and easy to grasp when you break down the subject in to categories. On another note, as a suggestion for future video, I would love to see a video about sci-fi book reviews or your recommendations or your top 10/25 :) The last category might attract a greater number of viewers. As always great work!
Popular request of late, the favorite books list
It's long due. No pressure! :) I have to admit that your videos made me go back to reading science fiction and I am loving it so far.
Really like these kind of videos as the spark the imagination. Could you expand this habitable topic and discuss things such as comets (transpermia theory), vacuum (maybe some life can travel space?), stars (plasma based life) etc etc.