Organic Chemistry Basic Concepts | Saturated And Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Class 10
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- Опубліковано 6 лют 2025
- Organic Chemistry Basic Concepts | Saturated And Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Class 10
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Very nice explanation sir ji 🙏
@@RekhaChaudhary-r1t thank you 🙏
Beautifully explained Sir 👌
Thanks and welcome
Difference between detergent molecule (sodium (dodecyl)n benzene sulphanoate) and detergent molecule( cetyltrimethylammonium chloride)
The difference between sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride lies in their structure and classification.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate:
Type: Anionic detergent
Structure: Composed of a long hydrophobic dodecyl chain attached to a benzene ring that is sulfonated on one end, and is paired with a sodium ion.
Charge: Bears a negative charge due to the sulfonate group.
Mechanism: Works by disrupting water's surface tension and emulsifying oils and dirt, effectively removing them through its interaction with negatively charged surfaces.
Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride:
Type: Cationic detergent
Structure: Comprises a long hydrophobic cetyl chain attached to a nitrogen atom, which is bonded to three methyl groups, forming a positively charged quaternary ammonium compound, paired with a chloride ion.
Charge: Bears a positive charge due to the quaternary ammonium group.
Mechanism: Effective in binding to negatively charged surfaces such as fibers or bacterial membranes, making it useful for fabric softening and antimicrobial effects.
In summary, the primary difference between these two detergent molecules is the type of charge and usage resulting from their distinct molecular structures-sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate being anionic and commonly used for cleaning, while cetyltrimethylammonium chloride is cationic, suitable for conditioning and disinfection.
Sir what is condensed formula what is its defination
A condensed formula (detailed formula, ,when you break in small fractions)is a way of representing the molecular formula of a compound that provides information about the arrangement of atoms and their connectivity within the molecule, without showing all the individual bonds explicitly as in a structural formula. It is more compact than a structural formula but more informative than a simple molecular formula.
For example, the condensed formula for ethanol (C2H5OH)is written as CH3CH2OH This indicates that the molecule contains two carbon atoms , six hydrogen atoms , and one hydroxyl group OH, suggesting the presence of an alcohol functional group.
Condensed formulas help to convey basic structural information while maintaining brevity, making them useful in various chemical contexts, such as when writing reactions or describing compounds in text.
Tesla is the unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic field and it's cgs unit is ????
Tesla is the unit of magnetic flux density in the International System of Units (SI). In the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system, the unit of magnetic flux density is the gauss.
1 Tesla (T) is equal to 10,000 gauss in the CGS system. Therefore, when converting magnetic flux density from teslas to gauss in the CGS system, you multiply by 10,000.
@Vijyanguru but in tenth it is the si unit of magnetic field
@@digvijay2180 magnetic flux density means magnetic field , also physics does not change as per the school grades 🙂
Castner and kellner cell??
The Castner-Kellner cell is an electrochemical device used to produce two important chemicals: sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and chlorine gas. Here's a simple explanation of how it works:
Structure: The cell has two compartments separated by a porous partition. It contains a mercury cathode at the bottom and graphite anodes at the top.
Process:
Brine (a solution of salt in water) is added to the cell.
When an electric current is passed through the cell, chlorine gas is produced at the anode from the chloride ions in the brine.
At the cathode, sodium ions combine with the mercury to form a sodium-mercury amalgam.
Displacement:
The sodium is then reacted with water in a separate compartment to produce sodium hydroxide, and the mercury is recycled back to the cell.
The reaction of sodium with water releases hydrogen gas as a byproduct.
Products: The main products of the process are chlorine gas, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen gas.
This method is significant because it allows for the efficient production of these valuable chemicals, which have numerous industrial applications
Important fatty acids present in soap description
Soaps are made from the saponification of fats and oils, which contain various fatty acids. Here are some important fatty acids commonly found in soap-making:
Lauric Acid:
Source: Coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Properties: Provides excellent lather and cleansing properties. It has antimicrobial effects and contributes to the hardness of the soap.
Myristic Acid:
Source: Nutmeg oil and coconut oil.
Properties: Contributes to lather and hardness. It has mild cleansing properties and is often used in premium soaps.
Palmitic Acid:
Source: Palm oil and animal fats.
Properties: Adds firmness to soap and provides a creamy lather. It has emollient properties, helping to moisturize the skin.
Stearic Acid:
Source: Animal fats and vegetable oils.
Properties: Adds hardness and stability to soap. It creates a creamy and stable lather while also acting as an emollient.
Oleic Acid:
Source: Olive oil, canola oil, and avocados.
Properties: Contributes to the moisturizing properties of soap and provides a conditioning effect. Helps maintain a stable lather.
Linoleic Acid:
Source: Sunflower oil and safflower oil.
Properties: An essential fatty acid that may help improve skin barrier function. It contributes to the conditioning properties of the soap.
Linolenic Acid:
Source: Flaxseed oil and hemp oil.
Properties: An omega-3 fatty acid that has skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It can enhance the conditioning quality of soaps.
These fatty acids not only contribute to the cleansing and lathering properties of soap but also influence its texture, hardness, and moisturizing capabilities, making them vital components in soap formulation.