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Hey Justin…I feel like this is the climax of several of your previous videos. It places the mind mapping and different orders of learning, and several other concepts, exactly where they belong. Extremely useful. Thank you
Consuming = Digesting There are 5 types of information when reading: P - Procedural : practice A - Analogous : Critique C - Conceptual: Mapping E - evidence : Store & Rehearse ( support for conceptual) R - reference: Store & Rehearse ( not support for conceptual) Focusing on P A C Thank you so much❤
@zchakka5370, While your thinking about your 10 year old Self, think about the Kids you are going to be greeting at the Hospital. Pass on one special qualifier/fact regarding the Operation you will be doing, that will inspire those kids to learn about it if you can. If you can't, you haven't digested the idea of hope to bring about change. Thank you for being a First Responder during the Pandemic. My 76 year old husband who had a P.E. sailed through after infection in January 2020. No interventions needed by this armchair athlete. August 2021 CBC News; Canadian-led studies suggest blood thinner can help moderately sick COVID-19 patients Experts say the findings could change how people with moderate COVID-19 symptoms are treated in hospitals
My wife always write notes in point form or abbreviations as an ex law student,this helped her alot with all those cases she had to remember,also she never tried studying on a tired brain,slept and refresh
This is an amazing approach to learning and retaining information. I'm familiar with the different processes, but I see I went wrong when using one process for different data types. Also, I never really thought much about different data types while reading until watching this video. Thank you, Justin! Consuming = Digesting This must be balanced! Don’t consume so much without digesting! What goes into your brain is less important than what stays in your brain! There are 5 types of information when reading: P - Procedural : practice A - Analogous: Critique C - Conceptual: Mapping E - evidence: Store & Rehearse ( support for conceptual) R - reference: Store & Rehearse ( not support for conceptual) P = Produral information tells you HOW something should be executed >>> Practice Correct Technique Apply Procedural information in real-life A = Analogous information is the information that is related to something that you already have prior knowledge about >>>Critique Think of something I’m already familiar with that the new information reminds me of and connect the two. Is what I’m reading related to something I already know about? Critiquing means: 1. How are these things related? 2. How are they different? 3. in what situation does this analogy not make sense anymore? 4. Is there a better analogy? 5. Can I extend or modify the analogy to make it massively better? Analogous info exists as a subset of Procedural and Conceptual information C = Procedural information is the HOW TO do something, and Conceptual information is the WHAT >>> Mapping * facts and explanations * relationships * applications * theories and principles procedural + conceptual = problem-solving and knowledge application  Our job is to try to recreate that network of knowledge that the expert had! Mapping forces us to think about each fact and concept and how they connect to form a bigger picture! E = Evidence-type information can be used as examples to prove a conceptual point! >>> Store & Rehearse Store means that you collect that information and note it down somewhere. * conceptual map * flashcards * document * second brain system Do this as soon as I identify this information Rehearsing Means: This happens later * How to use the information? * How to apply the information? * What type of conceptual information is this an example of? Some answers could be: * problem-solving * explaining * writing essays * answering * teaching Evidence information helps make conceptual information more concrete Often, very detailed or technical pieces of information Facts Statistics cases R = Reference information is all the nitty gritty, specific information that doesn’t change your conceptual understanding >>> Store & Rehearse * not particularly important * not analogous * not procedural * I might need to know it later Just use flashcards for this information Good luck, everyone : )
This kind of information should be taught early in school if its not already. For me I dont ever remember learning this, I was searching for how to increase my comprehension reading, found this.
Just one advice: if u guys want to learn or retain more info, u have to read a lot and evryday. Just read, because your mind will get used to it and you will be putting more attention. Thats it
@@didianguzman288 This is literally the opposite of what this video was attempting to convey. Don't just blindly read but do it strategically strategically. yes if you don't read at all then reading everyday is better than nothing. But using the pacer method is a better strategy
I think he trying to say to get in a habit of reading daily (of any sort) so when you get to studying for school, your mind set will be set for reading at a decent volume without losing engagement and focus. The issue a lot of people spend time watching instead of reading
Back in 2003 one of my university lecturer told me LEARNING is the change in behaviour. Thanks to you, after 21 years, I understood the logic behind that. You are the legend
Memorizing and analyzing is one thing, but how to apply that knowledge to create something of your own is what's difficult. Many people really know a lot, but they never were able to use their knowledge in a way which benefits them. In this world, it doesn't matter what you know, it only matters what you have to show.
Its teaching (even if its only explaining to yourself in different ways), practicing/applying and always trying to find parallels between different concepts and fields that gets you there. Honestly, most of those learning techniques that youtubers preach are just way inferior to what I have just listed. But people always want the quick fix, even better if it sounds fancy. In the end, if you want to get that level, you'll have to put in a lot of work.
I’m 60, I fell short of the positives & a victim of the negatives habits you analysed. I always struggled to hold on to information I consumed, having little or no opportunity to practice them, yet, enjoyed conceptualising but didn’t prioritise it. Today, your video clip will change my attitude in a positive way. Pls Accept my appreciation, Thank you very much. God bless you in Jesus name.
This is the best tool you have ever shared with us. I’m 40. This single video has convinced me that even though you’re half-way around the world, I need your expertise to make the most of the limited time we have left. I owe you, and will find a way to repay you.
I am a 25 year old systems integration engineer and I always reflect on how my learning process has changed over the years. I felt so lost in my late teenage years, it seemed like I was behind everyone my age until my spark for electronics took center stage in my vocational center class (electrical engineering and robotics). Particularly when I made my first rough analogy of Alternating Current to a bicycle pedal pivoting back and forth. Though it was an analogy that would fall under criticism it always stuck with me as the first time a concept stuck in my mind. From that point I always tried deploying that method which lead me to now. Put simply I didn't realize I was ever deploying the "A" in pacer. Thank you for sharing your knowledge on this information! I am excited to start utilizing this new information!
As a astrophysicists, practicing medical doctor, billionaire, historian and president of the United States for over 80 years, I can't thank you enough bro.
This video introduces a system for remembering everything you read by breaking down the process into two stages: consumption and digestion. The speaker emphasizes the importance of balancing these stages to enhance retention and application of knowledge. The system categorizes information into five types using the acronym PACER: Procedural, Analogous, Conceptual, Evidence, and Reference. Each type requires a specific process for effective digestion and long-term memory storage. The video also highlights the importance of critiquing analogies, mapping conceptual information, and rehearsing evidence and reference information. 00:00 Introduction to the system Two stages: consumption and digestion Importance of balancing both stages Focus on retention and application 04:00 Procedural information Involves practice Apply information early Avoid passive reading 09:00 Analogous information Relates to prior knowledge Use critique to evaluate analogies Enhances retention and understanding 15:00 Conceptual information Involves facts, theories, and principles Use mapping for better understanding Connects concepts in a network 19:00 Evidence and reference information Store and rehearse Use examples to support concepts Flashcards for reference information
I’m almost done with med school and through your channel I’ve learned that my natural learning techniques since elementary school which I’ve used through college to study medicine are the Best! Literally everything you said I’ve been doing it naturally since a very young age… Thank you for making me more confident with myself! As lots lots of people criticized the way I studied medicine even professors which made me super anxious, depressed, and unconfident but hey I do retrieve and remember much more than anyone else I’ve met and basically I can comprehensively read and remember as well my grades being very satisfying, that’s all because you helped me go back to track and ignore all other people! Thanks a lot
Same here, only I started doing this later in life. The trigger for me was writing my first business plan which is the perfect way to put this method into practice.
Not everyone is a gifted as you, since you've been doing this since an early age. I struggled through med school and residency. I was never a fan of reading, even to this day. After being an attending for 10 years I can tell you being book smart is only a small part of being a physician. Bedside manners, empathy and respect for your patients will carry you further than knowing how to read and retain information.
@@impromptu24 You're totally right! Thank you for such an advise Doctor, as I'm in the mid of my first clinical year (but a side note, I'm not gifted I always been an average even at school which is something I didn't notice among my colleagues)
So I dropped out junior year many of the reasons is because the way I understand and prioritize any information Didn’t use on the right information at the time now work with my pops and glad to say it’s been a blessing were he has 1-3 perspective I have 1- 6 atm. No I’m not always right but we stay out of doubt. God bless
"I would even say that this method is more 'natural' than simply reading something without assimilating it. I imagine that in ancient times, when life was simpler, these tools were also used, but it was easier because the information was less complex or there was more time available to process it. Centuries ago, people didn’t just read; they discussed, made analogies, reached consensus, and practiced it immediately, as in physical work. What’s truly unnatural is thinking that simply reading something, without recalling it, without giving it practical use or deep meaning, can lead to significant learning. Things require time, dedication, and reflection."
@salazeka When you read books that were made 100 years ago, you'll discover that it is more complex, but even more beautiful. The beauty of these words strung together engage you as a reader that make it seamless to read the entire book, all the way through. There has not been an old books I've found that I wanted to put down. There has been old books that held prejudice that I did stop reading because I did not want to be swept away by the beauty of their words.
I met Kim and his dad a long time ago. He was really as amazing as they say. They were both very nice. Thank you for this video. Very helpful to this old lady.
When I took history in undergrad I remember reading the back cover instead of the entire book and passing essay assignments just from that. I have to assume that you guys do something similar
Aside from reading, I think this is also a very solid framework for learning. This makes studying easier by giving us a guide on where to put whatever information we are getting from a lecture. The big picture should be mapped, and the formulas should be written down in an index card or a flash card, etc.
Makes me think of something I've done naturally since I was a child, which would explain why I retained so many details and informations from my childhood. I'm 37 and recently started to understand how my brain worked differently. I have the tendency of inspiring myself from everything, creating stories in a fictional world I've been creating since my teenage years. I feel like the creation process of adapting real knowledge in stories and worldbuilding was my way of digesting the information. That makes SO MUCH sense.
The reason I subscribed to your channel out of 5 million is you put it in like dummies computers for dummies that’s cause I’m old now but you’re awesome. Thank you.
The learning equivalent of overeating and the mental vomiting process we call forgetting... Pure poetry here. I love this video and have shared it with a bunch of people. Your topic is good, instruction style is spot on, whiteboarding skills are amazing, use of text on screen to emphasize points, and your demeanor in general. You are very good at this craft! Thanks for sharing your talent (and insights) with the world.
I implemented this before I slept till 12 and when I woke up till 12. Consuming a knowledge clip from University and then Digesting it, identifying PACER. Storing everything in Notion. P (instruction pdf). A (real life example i practiced with before summer vacation), person who did the job and reminded me of. C (flowchart generated by openAI showing the instruction steps. Mindmap works well for information too). E (case law, real perfect exam answers from last year, perfect example of court document). R (judicial terminology list in Anki, reference link to quality news papers, facts from knowledge clip i can't reference to in the law or case law on the test). I found it really helpful. Thanks! Definitely life changing. This is all you need. Implement this video and you'll digest this video too! However, it's important to note that learning takes place after 8 repetitions of doing something with it (98% effecicy according to study). Specifically, 8x problem solving. Teaching IRL, answering critical questions and receiving feedback. That is when learning occurs. Do this ASAP. Hope this was helpful for anyone out there. Succes = doing the work required. Go on, now try it for yourself! Xx Nina ❤
I DON'T CARE HOW LONG IT TAKES TO WAIT FOR YOUR NEW VIDEOS This is a lifechanging content that would take a person YEARS to understand and apply. And yet you explain it in such a way that is non-linear and have specific action steps that you can get feedback by yourself. Man, thank you Justin. I can't thank you enough for this type of content. Take as much time as you need for the new videos. You are the hero that we need, not the hero that we deserve for our academic journey. The bite sized quick content have rotten our brain too much that it is hard to understand how to learn anymore. I can already see how one day your method would be the standard of education system.
@memeranque dang. If o got that compliment .not only would my little ego grow wings(jk) ,but I would see that my work, it not only putting food on the table but a difference in(atleast) one person's life.
1h meditation a day or 30 minutes etc. has been the biggest game changer to stay nimble with all the excess unconscious impulses... I lived in China as a half/black men very young and meditated, it's super interesting. I love it! I also enjoyed this about chinese culture the most, I hope it does not die the atmosphere tai-chi etc. creates energetically... is awesome...
Thanks for this! Very interesting. Just one tip from someone who has overstudied metacognitive approaches - don’t let the precision of the method become the point of learning. Keep the joy of learning front and center!
I've spent the last 3 years trying everything I can to reflect on myself and try to better my focus, attention and productivity, and change my life for the better. I have gone through so many burnouts in this time it's unreal, and yet to an outsider I probably don't seem like I'm trying much at all. UA-cam recommended me your channel today, as I'm about to start my 3rd year of university. Thank you so much for taking the time to produce these amazing videos, I already feel I have sm more answers than I got from trying so hard the past few years.
If you do the work, change will come. It might not look like what you planned for but it likely will be what your innate skill set is oriented towards. Allow your strengths to guide your efforts and energy; it's likely you will discover your "calling" for how you can most positively use your time here on earth. We don't all get to live a glamorous life; when we choose to honor and utilize the gifts we've been given, we do have a meaningful one that results in a net positive contribution. I wish you the best.
I sat down with my notebook to take notes of this , and I think now I have so much knowledge to use in making my learning more efficient. Thank you Justin your videos are changing lives and giving us the best experiences in our learning journey.
I am so impressed with Justin Sung's approach to learning! Everything he taught explicitly in this video, I had to figure out when I went to college late in life to get my degree and teaching credential. As a teacher, I intuitively taught these concepts as I learned how to learn. I wish I had learned these tools explicitly so I would have been better at communicating these to my elementary students. (In spite of my weaknesses, I know I passed good learning and thinking skills to my studnets) However, I think everyone needs to see this video to help with building our brains to learn, communicate and to help others to learn and communicate. Well done, Justin!
Agree with you 💯! My life story is similar; I chose to teach primarily GED type courses to help learners understand and capitalize on their own learning abilities (rather than their weaknesses), mostly to help shift socioeconomic momentum for not only the learners but for their families as well. Witnessing each metamorphosis is the best high I've ever experienced, second only to my own. ❤
This came in at the right. I was falling into the trap of trying to read and memorize at the same time and I was starting to feel overwhelmed. Thank you Justin. This is a great video😊
@justinsung one thing to add to your toolbox on the practice part. It’s not perfect, but you can practice without having the thing in front of you by mental visualization. This is something musicians do to learn parts when their instrument isn’t in their hands, as the neurons still fire and so the neural connections are still strengthened
Remember. One of the biggest things is the why not the how. Really explore what you learn in your free time, without structure sometimes. I go on walks almost every evening during the semester and just ponder if I want. Fall in love with the process of learning, pay attention to the ways it changes how you see the world. Focusing only on results isn’t going to take you as far, just ask Krishna lol.
This is the story of my life I've always struggled memorizing things and was a D student in school but in uni I was always a B student because I never struggled with connecting what I knew and use it to explore new ideas. It's the worst hope no one else has to go through that suffering.
Im also a med student and struggling with sorting and memorizing all the information I personally think to be needy. You let me get out from motivation-intimidated-burnt out-wasting time-loop! Thank you!
Dr. Sung You are a hero! I had been struggling to study and you're videos are proving to be practically applicable! Much gratitude and best wishes for you!
I'm not good at learning and school, but your videos and especially this one gives a very clear general SOP on how to learn hard concepts in a more efficient manner. Thank you for your help.
Sometimes there is so many distractions which take the focus of reading. I enjoy biomedical, electronics, mechatronics and system engineering i try to find the relationship between all fields and learn what i don't know. I don't have a degree As a system technician learning is not about trying to make a quick buck but being passionate, motivated and enthusiastic what you are doing. You may have a bachelor degree in medicine, engineering etc when it comes to working you can become a flop or mediocre, i have seen this in my workplace. My weakness is software programming languages but look at it from a enthusiastic challenging approach instead of putting it in a to hard basket. Sometimes life experience helps.
A key concept that basically encapsulates the techniques that are taught here is the importance of application. Don't just consume information passively, take time to use and apply that information so that you don't only retain it but also turn knowledge into understanding.
Thank you so much for making this video! I had a 'Bingo!' moment about half way through that summarized why I am not reclaiming sewing skills that used to be natural to me ... about 25 years ago. It is because I am gathering all the knowledge I can get without practicing the skills. Bingo! Right on the mark. I actually feel some relief after watching your video, and happy to organize some time for valid practice.
I feel the same way! Even if we have used these practices in the past, once we're in the weeds, struggling with (re) learning, this can continue to be a helpful reminder about practicing all of the methods to effectuate learning. I might know these are important but I also might get lazy about practicing them and that slows down my forward momentum. I'm glad that I have this resource to remind me.
1)P----Apply asap 7:00 -7:15 Don't waste time trying to consume on the spot either - a)move on -b) spend more time on digesting Must DIGEST- Don't CONSUMe more and more-forget up to 90% what we read l Balancing CONSUMING and DIGESTING A- Analogous❤create analogy with any prior knowledge
This will help you tremendously as you are set with a purpose and tactic for learning. I wish I had this when I started college 20 years after high school. I am thankful I figured out a lot of this as I was working hard in my studies and was able to pass what I learned about learning on to my students. Best wishes on your studies!
I've noticed a huge boost in my learning ability recently before I watched this video. I started summarizing what I read with texts, mindmaps, and slides for each paper, marking the references, rethinking the connections with other things I know, conceptualising them to make it easier for presentations to others, and so on. I find the recent changes in my approach to learning very similar to what this video talks about. Glad I watched this video.
Been watching your videos for a while now and I must say this is by far the best!by the time the video ended i knew exactly what I needed to do!! Great job and thank you for sharing
Neuroscience suggests that we need to take regular random breaks. The more we read without breaks the less likely we will remember & recall the information. Attention span can range from 20 minutes to 90 minutes. You might want to have 2 or 3 random breaks for every 20 minutes you read, depending on the subject matter & its complexity. Exercise has shown to improve cognitive function, so it's always good to do 20 minutes of cardio before you study. Also, a 20 or 30 minute nap after studying a specific topic for say 90 or 120 minutes, makes it easier to recall information. If we implemented what we know to schools & teaching practice, we would see a significant performance leap. Very interesting video.
Hi Justin, please consider continuing "BIGGER PLATE" podcast, I've watched them several times because I loved them so much - the productivity advice is so useful and actually very motivational coming from you Justin. - even just delegate it to one of your employees?
Hey Justin, great job with this video showing us how to break down/categorize and effectively remember the different types of information using the PACER Analogy as a guideline.! I've noticed in your other videos that you mention how critical is to reflect on any skills, whether learning or playing a musical instrument. I think a lot of other people and I would find it very valuable if you made an in-depth video explaining how to reflect properly and going through examples of how to begin reflecting on what sorts of information you should be looking for and how you can conceptualize and experiment how to improve for the future.
Thank you. I appreciate your approach. That said, I used a very simple approach that was far easier for me (though there may be some parallels with yours). I used it as an undergrad at UCLA and again in grad school in DC. In fact, I use it for any exam, certification, licensing, etc. It works EVERY TIME. It's fairly simple. Sure, do the required reading so that the info is in your brain (regardless of your ability to remember it as you need the basic data). Mine was a four-step program (the 4th being the most unconventional): (1) I took copious notes ONLY during lectures to write the gist of every lesson. (2) I also took core concepts and made old-school physical index cards for memory recall (a week before the exam). (3) I would organize a study group per class (no more than four to exchange critical info and DISCUSS related core concepts--again, effective for memory retention. (4) Finally, the MOST important part of my approach: First you must believe that WITHIN you is your HIGHEST and GRANDEST SELF, your GOD Self. GOD. Yes, You. I would literally say to this Being WITHIN me, "THANK YOU FOR HELPING ME REMEMBER WHAT I NEED TO KNOW TO ACE THIS EXAM." I aced every exam remembering only the most critical points to do so. Try it sometime, and you'll know what I mean. That Divine Being within never fails to grant your request.
This is excellent. As a piano teacher for the past 50-plus years, I can see verification of what you've said. Not always do my students implement what I tell them, but those who do are much more successful learners. Thanks for such concise instruction!
"consume" = read and recognize what type of information it is. "Digest" = the type of technique to learn it. An analogy that is pretty easy to confuse with learning and the brain actually storing the information in LTM which are different things.
As a university student in my thirties the best trick I learned was taking naps when my mind or eyes feel tired. 20 mins to 1.5 hr naps can completely recharge you for long study sessions. Currently studying for biology
Wonderful advice you have given. Heartful thanks to you. Struggling learning lot of things in a right way but now everything is clear. Thanks again for your help and support.
Step before consumption I’ve seen mentioned somewhere: Skim the content and read all headings. You can even already write down questions and try to answer them - before coming back to them after consumption.
I learned that method as the active reading strategy referred to as SQ4R. There are great graphic representations online for how to use the method, and is closely related to information processing theory (a really great conceptualization of learning theory, IMHO)
This is very similar to how classical education teaches “how to learn”. Basically introduction to concept by taking in a large amount of info then taking time to “meditate” and think deeply on what you just learned to organize it in your brain. Great video man. The mnemonic is super helpful.
My notes about this video for anyone who needs it(it's in markdown format, I use Obsidian) Yes I know, it's linear, I'll try to switch to non-linear GRINDE mindmaps soon ## Consumption vs Digestion - Consumption is the process of taking in information whereas digestion is the process of processing the information which allows you to use it in your working memory - If consumption is not followed by digestion then forgetting will occur as the information hasn't been processed - Nowadays, we could easily exceed our brain's innate consumption limit. To not forget what we learn, we must use the [[#[PACER](https //ua-cam.com/video/okHkUIW46ks/v-deo.html)|PACER system]] ## [PACER](ua-cam.com/video/okHkUIW46ks/v-deo.html) #### Procedural - We should practice it as soon as possible. - If it isn't possible to practice - Move on to something else - Stop consuming, wait up until you get an opportunity to practice [[#Consumption vs Digestion]] - Procedural knowledge could have analogous information #### Analogous related with procedural and conceptual - The new information you're learning is related to prior knowledge you had - Critique by creating an analogy* - How are they similar - How are they different - What could break the analogy* - Is there a better analogy? #### Conceptual - Create a mindmap as you learn, see the relationships between the concepts - Remember to use **micro-retrieval** when you retrieve according to Retrieval tips - Conceptual information could have analogous information #### Evidence - Information that helps solidify conceptual information and could be interleaved - Store and rehearse - You store them as soon as you identify them(you don't want to waste time trying to memorize them) - Store - Can be dumped into the mindmap, flashcard app, anywhere - Later, could be rehearsed through interleaving processes - Teaching - Essays - Solving problems - ... #### Reference - Very specific isolated pieces of information that are impractical to interleave - Store and rehearse(as soon as you identify it) - Store - Can be dumped into the mindmap, flashcard app, anywhere - Flashcards(anki) is the best way to deal with them > [!WARNING] > NEVER waste time trying to memorize evidence and reference types of information as they are lower order, instead focus on procedural, analogous and conceptual information to build a knowledge base
two facets of learning: consumption and digestion Consumption: receiving info. Digestion: turning information into a concrete memory. P.A.C.E.R. = procedural - instructions on what to do, in what order. (practice) - Doing what the procedures told you to. analogous - info related to prior info. (critique) - critically judging if the analogies you've created are good enough. conceptual - facts/explanations, theories and principles, applications, and relationships between info. (mapping) - creating visual charts of concepts and their connection to each other. evidence - information that prove conceptual points. (store and rehearse) - collect and note information. consider uses of info, how can this info be applied, what concept does info exemplify? use info to problem solve, answer Q/A, explain, teach, and write essays. reference - info that needs to be referenced. (store and rehearse) - create flash cards and review [balance digestion and consumption, don't do more of one than another]
Thank you for your channel and all your contents. I used to be afraid to purse a career of being a doctor because although I am an achiever, I easily forget the lessons I just learned after taking the test 😅. I realized this is because I only do low level learning and got through my exams through hard work by studying longer to memorize and understand the concepts. Now, I know how to learn better using your techniques such as using higher order learning by seeing how everything fits in the bigger picture. With this, I have more confidence in going to med school. I will continue to learn how to learn smarter. Thank you for sharing your videos to us. Honestly, life changing (especially for people who have to learn massive information daily in classes)
..... Any advice for people that cant read properly?? I find myself unable to read an entire page. Of any book.. As by half of the page i am forgeting the start.... I cant even read long emails . Lovee this video thank you for helping.
Insights By "YouSum Live" 00:00:00 Understanding effective learning systems 00:00:28 Two stages: consumption and digestion 00:01:16 Neglecting digestion hinders retention 00:01:39 Remembering everything is unrealistic 00:02:03 Kim Peak's memory illustrates limits 00:04:02 Reasoning is crucial for effective learning 00:04:10 Focus on remembering what you need 00:05:34 Categorize information using the Pacer system 00:06:34 Procedural information requires early practice 00:08:43 Balance consumption and digestion for retention 00:10:37 Analogous information aids memory retention 00:12:30 Critiquing analogies enhances understanding 00:16:11 Mapping conceptual knowledge improves retention 00:20:22 Store and rehearse evidence information 00:24:01 Reference information requires efficient recall 00:25:33 Balance all stages for effective learning 00:26:01 Explore more learning processes in newsletter Insights By "YouSum Live"
This is beyond amazing. He is the most underrated channel i have subscribed to. Thanks doctor sung, I dropped out of applied chemistry a year ago and now I've finally reached my academic comeback. I didn't buy your course but the general principles behind learning made me Kind of "Get the big picture" about learning and I got massively more confident and efficient (Maybe because you chose to use higher order types of teaching xD) hope you get to read this comment, I actually teach your systems (PERRIO, GRINDE...) To my friends and they have benefited massively from it too. thank you for building your IKIGAI correctly, you are truly made for this.
This man is very accurate. All information you read is actually about understanding. The purpose of reading is to learn, and to learn you have to understand. Which is the digestion stage he is talking about. And what he means by what stays into your brain is more important than what you read is that a lot of information might just go into your brain and not understand such information that you just consumed Understanding also increases your awareness of life. When moving about the day to day activities of life, challenge your self to actively understand every word of the conversations that take place in your daily life. Because of this you'll be able to remember the activities that happened during the day. This is a golden comment. However there are still many techniques left in the learning process and that's why this UA-cam channel is a Golden nugget. Thank you sir 🙏🏾❤
Thank you for the clarity. Many of us follow many of these processes and stages, but to use them in such sequential, organised and coordinated fashion is the key to efficient retention and learning. I am subscribing to your newsletter.
Justin, I'm trying to develop an efficient learning process prior to beginning my PhD so that I can consume and make use of the enormous amounts of research in and beyond my field (Interdisciplinary Immunology). Thank you VERY much for producing such high quality free content! It's helping me achieve my goal of becoming a knowledgeable and creative researcher.
Insightful video. Thank you Justin. I deduce things we learn can be split into 3 broad categories. 1. "Whats": Individual facts, pieces of information like the name of a muscle, date of an event etc. The best way to learn something of this nature is active recall mxed with spaced repetition. 2. Complex "Whats": An aggregation of interrelated facts. E.g. the digestive system (comprises of different parts having different functions), the second world war (comprises dates, people, events) etc. The best ways to learn things of this nature are: - using familiar analogies - drawing a mind map 3. "Hows": This involves learning how to DO something. Learning how something happens (like the digestion occurs) in my understanding does not fall under a "how" rather it's a "complex what". The reason being that we can't practice it. "Hows" are for information that requires DOING. E.g how to edit a video, how to write a sales letter. "Hows" are almost always an aggregation of complex or simple "whats" which have to be mastered with their respective modes before the encompassing "how" information can be learned. Evidently, the way to learn a "how" information is practice. Thank you Justin once again. You opened my eyes to these.
God hear my prayers. Having two sons with special needs is overwhelming at times because they require so much from me. As a single mother things are difficult. I keep faith in you Jesus even as I struggle to pay rent, and as I struggle to buy groceries for my sons. Every month is a battle. I want to give up yet God gives me strength. Faith is my strength.
ChildofGod: No disrespect, but was God a part of the act that produced your sons? History shows us that children who are born in a two-parent home do not struggle with learning disabilities and other social issues. Sex versus parenthood is not considered first.
I was hyper active and on the spectrum with some ADHD and I am a gifted writer now with a degree and brilliant. I learn things in pieces and practice it over a few days.
@@strawberryadee nothing, just evangelical practice at the wrong possible place. You know, they love futile challenges to self delude them and “prove” themselves “right”.
Wow,this really worked for me immediately, i scored 89 on my geohydrology Exam from a poor 54,thx man.All the thing i studied are just there in my mind even after exam,its like its painted in my mind/memory thx Doctor
24:23 the essence of this channel 😂 Great vid once again Justin! I think one of the most important points is really in the beginning where you talk about maintaining balance between consumption and digestion. All the digestion techniques for the first 3 types of information (which also happen to make up the bulk of all information we consume) happen to be very active and cognitively demanding and therefore so much easier to skip to focus on the more comfortable consumption step. The thing is, the time needed for consumption to produce the same net gain with lower efficiency I presume is A LOT higher (and a lot less fun) than just increasing the efficiency to get to the same point. In a way it's very counter-intuitive to what we do. We naturally lean towards easier things (path of the least resistance!) and ironically at the same time find it easier to feel guilty about not consuming enough than about not doing enough with the already-consumed information. They're 2 very strong forces acting directly against most of what you talk about on the channel and they need a lot of (conscious) effort to overcome.
I appreciate your comments here. The work is not the consuming (look at how the developed countries are consumer based!) consumption is easy, it’s the remembering. Without the dynamic discussion of a group, it’s more of a challenge to do it by oneself but it can be done. ChatGPT has been surprisingly helpful in having a conversation, and engagement with it (I’m learning Spanish) has really helped me, esp because “it’s patient” with my mistakes and also corrects me. I love it
Justin, you are the king of learning and thank you so so much. I find your videos so reassuring because I’ve always learned my own way and got in trouble for it. As a senior citizen, I finally have let myself learn the way that I want to. The way I operate is intuitive, which I feel is what you’re explaining. Eat, digest, eat digest…why is this not the norm??? Thank you again.
🎯 Key points for quick navigation: 00:00:00 *📚 Understanding the Two-Stage Learning System* - Introduction to a two-stage system: consumption and digestion for better memory retention. - Misconceptions about learning through fast consumption methods. - Importance of focusing on information retention rather than just intake. 00:02:03 *🧠 Kim Peek's Memory Limitation Story and the Exam Paradox* - Story of Kim Peek, who could memorize everything but struggled with reasoning and problem-solving. - Discusses different memory demands at various educational levels. - Clarifies the objective of learning as application and reasoning, not just memorizing everything. 00:04:22 *🔍 Unpacking the Importance of Information Categories (Pacer)* - Introduction to the Pacer system for sorting information into categories. - Explanation of the first category: Procedural, focusing on application through practice. - Offers advice on balancing consumption and digestion to improve retention. 00:09:21 *🎯 Importance of Analogous and Conceptual Information* - Definition and process for dealing with analogous information focusing on analogy and critique. - Exploring conceptual information and utilizing mind mapping techniques. - Emphasizes the need for non-linear thinking in understanding conceptual content. 00:19:14 *📄 Efficiently Handling Evidence and Reference Information* - Different approaches to evidence and reference types of information using store and rehearse methods. - Highlights when to use techniques like flashcards and spaced repetition. - Stresses the need for different strategies across information types to save time and improve learning efficiency. 00:25:23 *🚀 Optimizing Learning with Pacer and Beyond* - Recap of the Pacer system's effectiveness in balancing learning stages. - Addresses the broader context of learning efficiency and processes still to be explored. - Introduction to a free newsletter for ongoing learning process insights. Made with HARPA AI
Thank you @JustinSung ! for taking the time to explain these methods of learning. Do you have other video where you explain with an example the implementation of the PACER system? If it's consistent with same example, even better
everytime i watch your videos i realize that i have already been using half of the techniques and completely ignoring the others because they are "mentally exhausting" if that makes sense. what are your views regarding combating that "mental exhaustion" that comes along with actively and unnaturally doing conceptual or analogous learning?
I also struggle with doing things I consider mentally exhausting even though they are important. I’ve been trying to do 3 things to combat it: 1)Read the scientific research and understand how humans in general have terrible intuition of what works for learning. E.g. research shows that people think rereading something 4 times would create stronger memories than reading once + active recall once. Test shows the later to be much better. 2)Make sure I understand and work on my emotional baggage and mindset related to learning, especially growth vs fixed mindset. 3)Understand that making mistakes and struggling with something is physiologically changing my brain and body to signal that the situation or information is important and should be stored. BECAUSE it is stressful and uncomfortable it will result in stronger neural connections and memory storage at the end of the day.
🎯 Key points for quick navigation: 📚 The system for remembering what you read divides the learning process into consumption and digestion stages, emphasizing the importance of retaining information over simply consuming more. 🧠 Understanding that memorizing everything isn't feasible; instead, focus on retaining and applying key information effectively to solve higher-level problems. 🌐 Information is categorized into procedural, analogous, conceptual, evidence, and reference types using the Pacer system to tailor learning strategies accordingly. ⚖️ Balancing time spent consuming information with actively digesting and processing it is crucial for effective learning and long-term retention. 🤔 Creating analogies helps connect new information with existing knowledge networks, enhancing understanding and retention through critical thinking and comparison. 📊 Evidence and reference types of information require specific storage and rehearsal techniques, such as note-taking and spaced repetition, to enhance retention and application. Made with HARPA AI
I use these principles in my classes and try to teach them to my students to help them reconsider their own learning abilities, but your dissection and explanations will help me with explaining it to them. Thank you. I will SHARE your video in class! ❤
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How to master any complex software like cinema 4d or after effects by only watching video tutorials ?
What the Fung? 😂 I thought this was Jason Fung
Hey Justin, how do I learn human anatomy? What category is this?
Hey Justin…I feel like this is the climax of several of your previous videos. It places the mind mapping and different orders of learning, and several other concepts, exactly where they belong.
Extremely useful.
Thank you
newsletter signup link doesn't seem to work?
Emotional connection isn't mentioned but makes all the difference. It makes you a fertile receptacle. ❤
@@lisettegarcia 👏
Thank you! I’m 77y/o and it’s never too late to learn how to improve my reading skills/physical skills etc.
Consuming = Digesting
There are 5 types of information when reading:
P - Procedural : practice
A - Analogous : Critique
C - Conceptual: Mapping
E - evidence : Store & Rehearse ( support for conceptual)
R - reference: Store & Rehearse
( not support for conceptual)
Focusing on P A C
Thank you so much❤
@@Thanh_Thuong2005 thanks for the summary
@@Thanh_Thuong2005 thanks
Consuming is not Digesting, they are 2 different process
@@juanmamenendez thanks for your reply, but i mean quantity of knowledge which you consume = quantity of knowledge you digest.
7:58 liked
I am a 30 year old surgeon. I wish I watched this video when I was 10. Would have saved me some time in life. Extremely good.
Couldn't agree more. I think we all wished we had learned this when we were 10... *sighs*
🍎
@zchakka5370, While your thinking about your 10 year old Self, think about the Kids you are going to be greeting
at the Hospital. Pass on one special qualifier/fact regarding the Operation you will be doing, that will inspire those kids
to learn about it if you can. If you can't, you haven't digested the idea of hope to bring about change.
Thank you for being a First Responder during the Pandemic. My 76 year old husband who had a P.E. sailed through after infection in January 2020. No interventions needed by this armchair athlete.
August 2021 CBC News; Canadian-led studies suggest blood thinner can help moderately sick COVID-19 patients
Experts say the findings could change how people with moderate COVID-19 symptoms are treated in hospitals
If only the education system taught you how to study.
@@beg4mercy277 or think.
@@beg4mercy277 they literally do but no one listens, at least that my experience looking back
My wife always write notes in point form or abbreviations as an ex law student,this helped her alot with all those cases she had to remember,also she never tried studying on a tired brain,slept and refresh
This is an amazing approach to learning and retaining information. I'm familiar with the different processes, but I see I went wrong when using one process for different data types. Also, I never really thought much about different data types while reading until watching this video. Thank you, Justin!
Consuming = Digesting
This must be balanced!
Don’t consume so much without digesting!
What goes into your brain is less important than what stays in your brain!
There are 5 types of information when reading:
P - Procedural : practice
A - Analogous: Critique
C - Conceptual: Mapping
E - evidence: Store & Rehearse ( support for conceptual)
R - reference: Store & Rehearse ( not support for conceptual)
P = Produral information tells you HOW something should be executed >>> Practice
Correct Technique
Apply Procedural information in real-life
A = Analogous information is the information that is related to something that you already have prior knowledge about >>>Critique
Think of something I’m already familiar with that the new information reminds me of and connect the two.
Is what I’m reading related to something I already know about?
Critiquing means:
1. How are these things related?
2. How are they different?
3. in what situation does this analogy not make sense anymore?
4. Is there a better analogy?
5. Can I extend or modify the analogy to make it massively better?
Analogous info exists as a subset of Procedural and Conceptual information
C = Procedural information is the HOW TO do something, and Conceptual information is the WHAT >>> Mapping
* facts and explanations
* relationships
* applications
* theories and principles
procedural + conceptual = problem-solving and knowledge application

Our job is to try to recreate that network of knowledge that the expert had!
Mapping forces us to think about each fact and concept and how they connect to form a bigger picture!
E = Evidence-type information can be used as examples to prove a conceptual point! >>> Store & Rehearse
Store means that you collect that information and note it down somewhere.
* conceptual map
* flashcards
* document
* second brain system
Do this as soon as I identify this information
Rehearsing Means: This happens later
* How to use the information?
* How to apply the information?
* What type of conceptual information is this an example of?
Some answers could be:
* problem-solving
* explaining
* writing essays
* answering
* teaching
Evidence information helps make conceptual information more concrete
Often, very detailed or technical pieces of information
Facts
Statistics
cases
R = Reference information is all the nitty gritty, specific information that doesn’t change your conceptual understanding >>> Store & Rehearse
* not particularly important
* not analogous
* not procedural
* I might need to know it later
Just use flashcards for this information
Good luck, everyone : )
@@Rockbalance__ you're the real MVP
This kind of information should be taught early in school if its not already. For me I dont ever remember learning this, I was searching for how to increase my comprehension reading, found this.
P : Procedural --> Practice
A: Analogous --> Critique
C: Conceptual --> Mapping
E: Evidence --> Store & Rehearse
R: Reference --> Store & Rehearse
Just one advice: if u guys want to learn or retain more info, u have to read a lot and evryday. Just read, because your mind will get used to it and you will be putting more attention. Thats it
@@didianguzman288 This is literally the opposite of what this video was attempting to convey. Don't just blindly read but do it strategically strategically. yes if you don't read at all then reading everyday is better than nothing. But using the pacer method is a better strategy
I think he trying to say to get in a habit of reading daily (of any sort) so when you get to studying for school, your mind set will be set for reading at a decent volume without losing engagement and focus. The issue a lot of people spend time watching instead of reading
@@didianguzman288 subliminal are really helpful as well re memory retention and sharp cognition 🫀
@@didianguzman288 good to watch the video before commenting.
Back in 2003 one of my university lecturer told me LEARNING is the change in behaviour. Thanks to you, after 21 years, I understood the logic behind that. You are the legend
Was it in psychology? That sounds just like how it was described in my psych class.
@@Steven_DunbarI learned the same thing in one of my graduate classes, specifically leadership. Learning what is right and doing what is right.
Memorizing and analyzing is one thing, but how to apply that knowledge to create something of your own is what's difficult. Many people really know a lot, but they never were able to use their knowledge in a way which benefits them. In this world, it doesn't matter what you know, it only matters what you have to show.
@@rindenauge3426 Nicely formulated.
and what you thing is best way for memorizing after reading
🙇♂️🙇♂️🙇♂️
Its teaching (even if its only explaining to yourself in different ways), practicing/applying and always trying to find parallels between different concepts and fields that gets you there. Honestly, most of those learning techniques that youtubers preach are just way inferior to what I have just listed. But people always want the quick fix, even better if it sounds fancy. In the end, if you want to get that level, you'll have to put in a lot of work.
@@reinerheiner1148 and yet here we are.
I’m 60, I fell short of the positives & a victim of the negatives habits you analysed. I always struggled to hold on to information I consumed, having little or no opportunity to practice them, yet, enjoyed conceptualising but didn’t prioritise it. Today, your video clip will change my attitude in a positive way. Pls Accept my appreciation, Thank you very much. God bless you in Jesus name.
This is the best tool you have ever shared with us. I’m 40. This single video has convinced me that even though you’re half-way around the world, I need your expertise to make the most of the limited time we have left. I owe you, and will find a way to repay you.
I am a 25 year old systems integration engineer and I always reflect on how my learning process has changed over the years. I felt so lost in my late teenage years, it seemed like I was behind everyone my age until my spark for electronics took center stage in my vocational center class (electrical engineering and robotics). Particularly when I made my first rough analogy of Alternating Current to a bicycle pedal pivoting back and forth. Though it was an analogy that would fall under criticism it always stuck with me as the first time a concept stuck in my mind. From that point I always tried deploying that method which lead me to now.
Put simply I didn't realize I was ever deploying the "A" in pacer. Thank you for sharing your knowledge on this information! I am excited to start utilizing this new information!
This channel is so underrated. Can't believe you don't have a million subscribers. Thank you and know you're appreciated.
Exactly, supposed to be most viewed channel when it comes to learning
It’s because the truth hurts.
As a astrophysicists, practicing medical doctor, billionaire, historian and president of the United States for over 80 years, I can't thank you enough bro.
@@Miele__ but you don’t know to use “an” before a vowel
Edit, “an” before word beginning with a vowel. Just FYI Mr. President
Thank you
This Needs to be taught at
High school level even junior high .
Thank you again .
This video introduces a system for remembering everything you read by breaking down the process into two stages: consumption and digestion. The speaker emphasizes the importance of balancing these stages to enhance retention and application of knowledge. The system categorizes information into five types using the acronym PACER: Procedural, Analogous, Conceptual, Evidence, and Reference. Each type requires a specific process for effective digestion and long-term memory storage. The video also highlights the importance of critiquing analogies, mapping conceptual information, and rehearsing evidence and reference information.
00:00
Introduction to the system
Two stages: consumption and digestion
Importance of balancing both stages
Focus on retention and application
04:00
Procedural information
Involves practice
Apply information early
Avoid passive reading
09:00
Analogous information
Relates to prior knowledge
Use critique to evaluate analogies
Enhances retention and understanding
15:00
Conceptual information
Involves facts, theories, and principles
Use mapping for better understanding
Connects concepts in a network
19:00
Evidence and reference information
Store and rehearse
Use examples to support concepts
Flashcards for reference information
@@suyashspike nice work ty
Sounds more to me like:
- practice it ASAP
- relate to experience
- get the facts
- apply facts to past experiences.
I think I can remember that lol
@@suyashspike great
I’m almost done with med school and through your channel I’ve learned that my natural learning techniques since elementary school which I’ve used through college to study medicine are the Best! Literally everything you said I’ve been doing it naturally since a very young age… Thank you for making me more confident with myself! As lots lots of people criticized the way I studied medicine even professors which made me super anxious, depressed, and unconfident but hey I do retrieve and remember much more than anyone else I’ve met and basically I can comprehensively read and remember as well my grades being very satisfying, that’s all because you helped me go back to track and ignore all other people!
Thanks a lot
Same here, only I started doing this later in life. The trigger for me was writing my first business plan which is the perfect way to put this method into practice.
Not everyone is a gifted as you, since you've been doing this since an early age. I struggled through med school and residency. I was never a fan of reading, even to this day. After being an attending for 10 years I can tell you being book smart is only a small part of being a physician. Bedside manners, empathy and respect for your patients will carry you further than knowing how to read and retain information.
@@impromptu24 You're totally right! Thank you for such an advise Doctor, as I'm in the mid of my first clinical year (but a side note, I'm not gifted I always been an average even at school which is something I didn't notice among my colleagues)
So I dropped out junior year many of the reasons is because the way I understand and prioritize any information Didn’t use on the right information at the time now work with my pops and glad to say it’s been a blessing were he has 1-3 perspective I have 1- 6 atm. No I’m not always right but we stay out of doubt. God bless
How much time do you spend on nutrition in med school?
Thank you Jay... this has to be the most useful 26' on how to learn by a long way. I'm 62 and I've bever found anything that is useful. God bless 😊🙏🇿🇦
"I would even say that this method is more 'natural' than simply reading something without assimilating it. I imagine that in ancient times, when life was simpler, these tools were also used, but it was easier because the information was less complex or there was more time available to process it. Centuries ago, people didn’t just read; they discussed, made analogies, reached consensus, and practiced it immediately, as in physical work. What’s truly unnatural is thinking that simply reading something, without recalling it, without giving it practical use or deep meaning, can lead to significant learning. Things require time, dedication, and reflection."
@salazeka When you read books that were made 100 years ago, you'll discover that it is more complex, but even more beautiful. The beauty of these words strung together engage you as a reader that make it seamless to read the entire book, all the way through.
There has not been an old books I've found that I wanted to put down. There has been old books that held prejudice that I did stop reading because I did not want to be swept away by the beauty of their words.
@@dontstalkmyaccount3096 Which books did you find most impactful?
I love your comment and it's so true, thank you for sharing your thoughts. I really appreciate it.
I met Kim and his dad a long time ago. He was really as amazing as they say. They were both very nice. Thank you for this video. Very helpful to this old lady.
I begin my PhD in history on Monday and have 13 books for one class. It’s like you knew what I needed. 😂
😅 13 book in first class that good for you as PhD candidate
@@Uttam11425that’s just one clad 14 in the other lol
When I took history in undergrad I remember reading the back cover instead of the entire book and passing essay assignments just from that. I have to assume that you guys do something similar
@@jp23xUndergrad maybe, PhD not so much. 😂
@@jennifernicole106 what's your strategy? That sure is a lot of reading
Aside from reading, I think this is also a very solid framework for learning. This makes studying easier by giving us a guide on where to put whatever information we are getting from a lecture. The big picture should be mapped, and the formulas should be written down in an index card or a flash card, etc.
Makes me think of something I've done naturally since I was a child, which would explain why I retained so many details and informations from my childhood. I'm 37 and recently started to understand how my brain worked differently. I have the tendency of inspiring myself from everything, creating stories in a fictional world I've been creating since my teenage years. I feel like the creation process of adapting real knowledge in stories and worldbuilding was my way of digesting the information.
That makes SO MUCH sense.
The reason I subscribed to your channel out of 5 million is you put it in like dummies computers for dummies that’s cause I’m old now but you’re awesome. Thank you.
The learning equivalent of overeating and the mental vomiting process we call forgetting... Pure poetry here. I love this video and have shared it with a bunch of people. Your topic is good, instruction style is spot on, whiteboarding skills are amazing, use of text on screen to emphasize points, and your demeanor in general. You are very good at this craft! Thanks for sharing your talent (and insights) with the world.
I implemented this before I slept till 12 and when I woke up till 12. Consuming a knowledge clip from University and then Digesting it, identifying PACER. Storing everything in Notion. P (instruction pdf). A (real life example i practiced with before summer vacation), person who did the job and reminded me of. C (flowchart generated by openAI showing the instruction steps. Mindmap works well for information too). E (case law, real perfect exam answers from last year, perfect example of court document). R (judicial terminology list in Anki, reference link to quality news papers, facts from knowledge clip i can't reference to in the law or case law on the test). I found it really helpful. Thanks! Definitely life changing. This is all you need. Implement this video and you'll digest this video too! However, it's important to note that learning takes place after 8 repetitions of doing something with it (98% effecicy according to study). Specifically, 8x problem solving. Teaching IRL, answering critical questions and receiving feedback. That is when learning occurs. Do this ASAP. Hope this was helpful for anyone out there. Succes = doing the work required. Go on, now try it for yourself! Xx Nina ❤
I DON'T CARE HOW LONG IT TAKES TO WAIT FOR YOUR NEW VIDEOS
This is a lifechanging content that would take a person YEARS to understand and apply. And yet you explain it in such a way that is non-linear and have specific action steps that you can get feedback by yourself.
Man, thank you Justin. I can't thank you enough for this type of content. Take as much time as you need for the new videos. You are the hero that we need, not the hero that we deserve for our academic journey. The bite sized quick content have rotten our brain too much that it is hard to understand how to learn anymore. I can already see how one day your method would be the standard of education system.
No fr everyone should have this type of gratitude idk why ppl actin crazy in the comments 😂
❤
Facts.
Quite revolutionary till now for me.. there might be more content or people like this however he has dedicated his life to it.
@memeranque dang. If o got that compliment
.not only would my little ego grow wings(jk) ,but I would see that my work, it not only putting food on the table but a difference in(atleast) one person's life.
Hands down one of Justin Sung's best UA-cam videos
In complete agreement with you. This video was excellent!
1h meditation a day or 30 minutes etc. has been the biggest game changer to stay nimble with all the excess unconscious impulses... I lived in China as a half/black men very young and meditated, it's super interesting. I love it! I also enjoyed this about chinese culture the most, I hope it does not die the atmosphere tai-chi etc. creates energetically... is awesome...
Thanks for this! Very interesting. Just one tip from someone who has overstudied metacognitive approaches - don’t let the precision of the method become the point of learning. Keep the joy of learning front and center!
I've spent the last 3 years trying everything I can to reflect on myself and try to better my focus, attention and productivity, and change my life for the better. I have gone through so many burnouts in this time it's unreal, and yet to an outsider I probably don't seem like I'm trying much at all. UA-cam recommended me your channel today, as I'm about to start my 3rd year of university. Thank you so much for taking the time to produce these amazing videos, I already feel I have sm more answers than I got from trying so hard the past few years.
If you do the work, change will come. It might not look like what you planned for but it likely will be what your innate skill set is oriented towards. Allow your strengths to guide your efforts and energy; it's likely you will discover your "calling" for how you can most positively use your time here on earth. We don't all get to live a glamorous life; when we choose to honor and utilize the gifts we've been given, we do have a meaningful one that results in a net positive contribution. I wish you the best.
I sat down with my notebook to take notes of this , and I think now I have so much knowledge to use in making my learning more efficient.
Thank you Justin your videos are changing lives and giving us the best experiences in our learning journey.
This man just saved me Years of struggle while reading, Great stuff Excellent Work Justin
I am so impressed with Justin Sung's approach to learning! Everything he taught explicitly in this video, I had to figure out when I went to college late in life to get my degree and teaching credential. As a teacher, I intuitively taught these concepts as I learned how to learn. I wish I had learned these tools explicitly so I would have been better at communicating these to my elementary students. (In spite of my weaknesses, I know I passed good learning and thinking skills to my studnets) However, I think everyone needs to see this video to help with building our brains to learn, communicate and to help others to learn and communicate. Well done, Justin!
Agree with you 💯! My life story is similar; I chose to teach primarily GED type courses to help learners understand and capitalize on their own learning abilities (rather than their weaknesses), mostly to help shift socioeconomic momentum for not only the learners but for their families as well. Witnessing each metamorphosis is the best high I've ever experienced, second only to my own. ❤
This came in at the right. I was falling into the trap of trying to read and memorize at the same time and I was starting to feel overwhelmed. Thank you Justin. This is a great video😊
@justinsung one thing to add to your toolbox on the practice part. It’s not perfect, but you can practice without having the thing in front of you by mental visualization. This is something musicians do to learn parts when their instrument isn’t in their hands, as the neurons still fire and so the neural connections are still strengthened
This is probably one of the best videos i've ever watched on UA-cam.....honestly.....thanks 👍👍👍😉
I’m just starting college this Monday and your videos are being INCREDIBLY HELPFUL, thank you so much.
Same
May the odds be in our favor.
@@tibiazoo same
@@juanmacias5922Good luck bro
Remember. One of the biggest things is the why not the how.
Really explore what you learn in your free time, without structure sometimes. I go on walks almost every evening during the semester and just ponder if I want. Fall in love with the process of learning, pay attention to the ways it changes how you see the world.
Focusing only on results isn’t going to take you as far, just ask Krishna lol.
This is the story of my life I've always struggled memorizing things and was a D student in school but in uni I was always a B student because I never struggled with connecting what I knew and use it to explore new ideas. It's the worst hope no one else has to go through that suffering.
Im also a med student and struggling with sorting and memorizing all the information I personally think to be needy. You let me get out from motivation-intimidated-burnt out-wasting time-loop! Thank you!
@@Mahima-i9tget out of here
What a gem UA-cam just recommended to me. Thank you for this video! It's so dense, I'll take my time digesting as thouroughly as I can.
I tell you JUSTIN just nailed it for me with this video. I remember I tried to map procedural knowledge. Thank you very much 😂❤❤
Dr. Sung You are a hero! I had been struggling to study and you're videos are proving to be practically applicable! Much gratitude and best wishes for you!
Glad you found this useful!
Have a nice day : )
Undoubtedly one of the best videos about studying and learning.
I'm not good at learning and school, but your videos and especially this one gives a very clear general SOP on how to learn hard concepts in a more efficient manner. Thank you for your help.
Sometimes there is so many distractions which take the focus of reading. I enjoy biomedical, electronics, mechatronics and system engineering i try to find the relationship between all fields and learn what i don't know. I don't have a degree As a system technician learning is not about trying to make a quick buck but being passionate, motivated and enthusiastic what you are doing. You may have a bachelor degree in medicine, engineering etc when it comes to working you can become a flop or mediocre, i have seen this in my workplace. My weakness is software programming languages but look at it from a enthusiastic challenging approach instead of putting it in a to hard basket. Sometimes life experience helps.
A key concept that basically encapsulates the techniques that are taught here is the importance of application. Don't just consume information passively, take time to use and apply that information so that you don't only retain it but also turn knowledge into understanding.
This is his most helpful video thus far for me. Thanks justin
Thank you so much for making this video! I had a 'Bingo!' moment about half way through that summarized why I am not reclaiming sewing skills that used to be natural to me ... about 25 years ago. It is because I am gathering all the knowledge I can get without practicing the skills. Bingo! Right on the mark. I actually feel some relief after watching your video, and happy to organize some time for valid practice.
I feel the same way! Even if we have used these practices in the past, once we're in the weeds, struggling with (re) learning, this can continue to be a helpful reminder about practicing all of the methods to effectuate learning. I might know these are important but I also might get lazy about practicing them and that slows down my forward momentum. I'm glad that I have this resource to remind me.
Brilliant - thankyou. I always feared that I was only retaining a small portion of my reading. This will be a big help.
1)P----Apply asap 7:00 -7:15
Don't waste time trying to consume on the spot
either
- a)move on
-b)
spend more time on digesting
Must DIGEST- Don't CONSUMe more and more-forget up to 90% what we read l
Balancing CONSUMING and DIGESTING
A- Analogous❤create analogy with any prior knowledge
My dear, you have the gift of teaching.
Thank you for this "free" video... I am trying to preapre for higher studies after 20 years out of school ❤❤❤
This will help you tremendously as you are set with a purpose and tactic for learning. I wish I had this when I started college 20 years after high school. I am thankful I figured out a lot of this as I was working hard in my studies and was able to pass what I learned about learning on to my students. Best wishes on your studies!
@@TeetaWaWa thank you so much for your Wishes and for sharing 💗💗💗
I've noticed a huge boost in my learning ability recently before I watched this video.
I started summarizing what I read with texts, mindmaps, and slides for each paper, marking the references, rethinking the connections with other things I know, conceptualising them to make it easier for presentations to others, and so on.
I find the recent changes in my approach to learning very similar to what this video talks about.
Glad I watched this video.
Been watching your videos for a while now and I must say this is by far the best!by the time the video ended i knew exactly what I needed to do!!
Great job and thank you for sharing
Neuroscience suggests that we need to take regular random breaks. The more we read without breaks the less likely we will remember & recall the information. Attention span can range from 20 minutes to 90 minutes. You might want to have 2 or 3 random breaks for every 20 minutes you read, depending on the subject matter & its complexity. Exercise has shown to improve cognitive function, so it's always good to do 20 minutes of cardio before you study. Also, a 20 or 30 minute nap after studying a specific topic for say 90 or 120 minutes, makes it easier to recall information. If we implemented what we know to schools & teaching practice, we would see a significant performance leap. Very interesting video.
Hi Justin, please consider continuing "BIGGER PLATE" podcast, I've watched them several times because I loved them so much - the productivity advice is so useful and actually very motivational coming from you Justin.
- even just delegate it to one of your employees?
Sir I am an teenage boy from India our schools doesn't teaches this valueable information. Heartfully thanking you sir
Hey Justin, great job with this video showing us how to break down/categorize and effectively remember the different types of information using the PACER Analogy as a guideline.!
I've noticed in your other videos that you mention how critical is to reflect on any skills, whether learning or playing a musical instrument.
I think a lot of other people and I would find it very valuable if you made an in-depth video explaining how to reflect properly and going through examples of how to begin reflecting on what sorts of information you should be looking for and how you can conceptualize and experiment how to improve for the future.
THANK YOU OPPA I AM A COLLEGE STUDENT AND I AM CURRENTLY APPLYING THESE METHODS IN STUDY AND IT IS VERY EFFECTIVE. 감사합니다
Thank you. I appreciate your approach. That said, I used a very simple approach that was far easier for me (though there may be some parallels with yours). I used it as an undergrad at UCLA and again in grad school in DC. In fact, I use it for any exam, certification, licensing, etc. It works EVERY TIME. It's fairly simple. Sure, do the required reading so that the info is in your brain (regardless of your ability to remember it as you need the basic data). Mine was a four-step program (the 4th being the most unconventional):
(1) I took copious notes ONLY during lectures to write the gist of every lesson.
(2) I also took core concepts and made old-school physical index cards for memory recall (a week before the exam).
(3) I would organize a study group per class (no more than four to exchange critical info and DISCUSS related core concepts--again, effective for memory retention.
(4) Finally, the MOST important part of my approach: First you must believe that WITHIN you is your HIGHEST and GRANDEST SELF, your GOD Self. GOD. Yes, You. I would literally say to this Being WITHIN me, "THANK YOU FOR HELPING ME REMEMBER WHAT I NEED TO KNOW TO ACE THIS EXAM."
I aced every exam remembering only the most critical points to do so. Try it sometime, and you'll know what I mean. That Divine Being within never fails to grant your request.
This is excellent. As a piano teacher for the past 50-plus years, I can see verification of what you've said. Not always do my students implement what I tell them, but those who do are much more successful learners. Thanks for such concise instruction!
"consume" = read and recognize what type of information it is. "Digest" = the type of technique to learn it. An analogy that is pretty easy to confuse with learning and the brain actually storing the information in LTM which are different things.
As a university student in my thirties the best trick I learned was taking naps when my mind or eyes feel tired. 20 mins to 1.5 hr naps can completely recharge you for long study sessions. Currently studying for biology
This is helpful
Because i kinda got reading and remembering everythingbi read and it hurts alot
Wonderful advice you have given. Heartful thanks to you. Struggling learning lot of things in a right way but now everything is clear. Thanks again for your help and support.
Step before consumption I’ve seen mentioned somewhere: Skim the content and read all headings. You can even already write down questions and try to answer them - before coming back to them after consumption.
I learned that method as the active reading strategy referred to as SQ4R. There are great graphic representations online for how to use the method, and is closely related to information processing theory (a really great conceptualization of learning theory, IMHO)
@@MINDFULMESS. Thanks, useful!
This is very similar to how classical education teaches “how to learn”. Basically introduction to concept by taking in a large amount of info then taking time to “meditate” and think deeply on what you just learned to organize it in your brain. Great video man. The mnemonic is super helpful.
My notes about this video for anyone who needs it(it's in markdown format, I use Obsidian)
Yes I know, it's linear, I'll try to switch to non-linear GRINDE mindmaps soon
## Consumption vs Digestion
- Consumption is the process of taking in information whereas digestion is the process of processing the information which allows you to use it in your working memory
- If consumption is not followed by digestion then forgetting will occur as the information hasn't been processed
- Nowadays, we could easily exceed our brain's innate consumption limit. To not forget what we learn, we must use the [[#[PACER](https //ua-cam.com/video/okHkUIW46ks/v-deo.html)|PACER system]]
## [PACER](ua-cam.com/video/okHkUIW46ks/v-deo.html)
#### Procedural
- We should practice it as soon as possible.
- If it isn't possible to practice
- Move on to something else
- Stop consuming, wait up until you get an opportunity to practice [[#Consumption vs Digestion]]
- Procedural knowledge could have analogous information
#### Analogous
related with procedural and conceptual
- The new information you're learning is related to prior knowledge you had
- Critique by creating an analogy*
- How are they similar
- How are they different
- What could break the analogy*
- Is there a better analogy?
#### Conceptual
- Create a mindmap as you learn, see the relationships between the concepts
- Remember to use **micro-retrieval** when you retrieve according to Retrieval tips
- Conceptual information could have analogous information
#### Evidence
- Information that helps solidify conceptual information and could be interleaved
- Store and rehearse
- You store them as soon as you identify them(you don't want to waste time trying to memorize them)
- Store
- Can be dumped into the mindmap, flashcard app, anywhere
- Later, could be rehearsed through interleaving processes
- Teaching
- Essays
- Solving problems
- ...
#### Reference
- Very specific isolated pieces of information that are impractical to interleave
- Store and rehearse(as soon as you identify it)
- Store
- Can be dumped into the mindmap, flashcard app, anywhere
- Flashcards(anki) is the best way to deal with them
> [!WARNING]
> NEVER waste time trying to memorize evidence and reference types of information as they are lower order, instead focus on procedural, analogous and conceptual information to build a knowledge base
two facets of learning: consumption and digestion
Consumption: receiving info.
Digestion: turning information into a concrete memory.
P.A.C.E.R. =
procedural - instructions on what to do, in what order.
(practice) - Doing what the procedures told you to.
analogous - info related to prior info.
(critique) - critically judging if the analogies you've created are good enough.
conceptual - facts/explanations, theories and principles, applications, and relationships between info.
(mapping) - creating visual charts of concepts and their connection to each other.
evidence - information that prove conceptual points.
(store and rehearse) - collect and note information. consider uses of info, how can this info be applied, what concept does info exemplify? use info to problem solve, answer Q/A, explain, teach, and write essays.
reference - info that needs to be referenced.
(store and rehearse) - create flash cards and review
[balance digestion and consumption, don't do more of one than another]
The video I've been waiting for life. Grateful
Thank you for your channel and all your contents.
I used to be afraid to purse a career of being a doctor because although I am an achiever, I easily forget the lessons I just learned after taking the test 😅. I realized this is because I only do low level learning and got through my exams through hard work by studying longer to memorize and understand the concepts.
Now, I know how to learn better using your techniques such as using higher order learning by seeing how everything fits in the bigger picture. With this, I have more confidence in going to med school. I will continue to learn how to learn smarter.
Thank you for sharing your videos to us. Honestly, life changing (especially for people who have to learn massive information daily in classes)
6:40 procedural => practice as early as possible
I wish I had found someone to teach me this when I was at my University. I probably wouldn't have dropped out.
This is gonna make me a genius. Nice.
..... Any advice for people that cant read properly??
I find myself unable to read an entire page. Of any book.. As by half of the page i am forgeting the start....
I cant even read long emails . Lovee this video thank you for helping.
Insights By "YouSum Live"
00:00:00 Understanding effective learning systems
00:00:28 Two stages: consumption and digestion
00:01:16 Neglecting digestion hinders retention
00:01:39 Remembering everything is unrealistic
00:02:03 Kim Peak's memory illustrates limits
00:04:02 Reasoning is crucial for effective learning
00:04:10 Focus on remembering what you need
00:05:34 Categorize information using the Pacer system
00:06:34 Procedural information requires early practice
00:08:43 Balance consumption and digestion for retention
00:10:37 Analogous information aids memory retention
00:12:30 Critiquing analogies enhances understanding
00:16:11 Mapping conceptual knowledge improves retention
00:20:22 Store and rehearse evidence information
00:24:01 Reference information requires efficient recall
00:25:33 Balance all stages for effective learning
00:26:01 Explore more learning processes in newsletter
Insights By "YouSum Live"
Thank you for the refresher! I learned this years ago but forgot I had the tools to apply it.
This is beyond amazing. He is the most underrated channel i have subscribed to. Thanks doctor sung, I dropped out of applied chemistry a year ago and now I've finally reached my academic comeback. I didn't buy your course but the general principles behind learning made me Kind of "Get the big picture" about learning and I got massively more confident and efficient (Maybe because you chose to use higher order types of teaching xD) hope you get to read this comment, I actually teach your systems (PERRIO, GRINDE...) To my friends and they have benefited massively from it too. thank you for building your IKIGAI correctly, you are truly made for this.
Which video did he talk about and the procedural subjects?
This man is very accurate. All information you read is actually about understanding. The purpose of reading is to learn, and to learn you have to understand. Which is the digestion stage he is talking about. And what he means by what stays into your brain is more important than what you read is that a lot of information might just go into your brain and not understand such information that you just consumed
Understanding also increases your awareness of life. When moving about the day to day activities of life, challenge your self to actively understand every word of the conversations that take place in your daily life. Because of this you'll be able to remember the activities that happened during the day. This is a golden comment. However there are still many techniques left in the learning process and that's why this UA-cam channel is a Golden nugget. Thank you sir 🙏🏾❤
Excellent and well-constructed video, and incredibly useful! Thanks Justin.
Thank you for the clarity. Many of us follow many of these processes and stages, but to use them in such sequential, organised and coordinated fashion is the key to efficient retention and learning. I am subscribing to your newsletter.
Please everyone pray for me to get pass marks in my maths exam guys ❤😢😢😢😢😢
@@Shobhika-i3k 🙏🙏🙏
@@evelynacostajerez765 thanks
I am a mathematics and physics tutor. Let me know if you need any help.
@@yashsharmaauthor can u give me some tips for both the subject like how to study for exam point of view .. I'm in 12th board (state syllabus) ..
@@yashsharmaauthor it's very kind of you to ask me .. thanks sir 😊
Justin, I'm trying to develop an efficient learning process prior to beginning my PhD so that I can consume and make use of the enormous amounts of research in and beyond my field (Interdisciplinary Immunology). Thank you VERY much for producing such high quality free content! It's helping me achieve my goal of becoming a knowledgeable and creative researcher.
Insightful video. Thank you Justin.
I deduce things we learn can be split into 3 broad categories.
1. "Whats": Individual facts, pieces of information like the name of a muscle, date of an event etc. The best way to learn something of this nature is active recall mxed with spaced repetition.
2. Complex "Whats": An aggregation of interrelated facts. E.g. the digestive system (comprises of different parts having different functions), the second world war (comprises dates, people, events) etc.
The best ways to learn things of this nature are:
- using familiar analogies
- drawing a mind map
3. "Hows": This involves learning how to DO something. Learning how something happens (like the digestion occurs) in my understanding does not fall under a "how" rather it's a "complex what". The reason being that we can't practice it. "Hows" are for information that requires DOING. E.g how to edit a video, how to write a sales letter.
"Hows" are almost always an aggregation of complex or simple "whats" which have to be mastered with their respective modes before the encompassing "how" information can be learned.
Evidently, the way to learn a "how" information is practice.
Thank you Justin once again. You opened my eyes to these.
I Can’t believe what i am watching is for free. indeed best things in life are free
God hear my prayers. Having two sons with special needs is overwhelming at times because they require so much from me. As a single mother things are difficult. I keep faith in you Jesus even as I struggle to pay rent, and as I struggle to buy groceries for my sons. Every month is a battle. I want to give up yet God gives me strength. Faith is my strength.
ChildofGod: No disrespect, but was God a part of the act that produced your sons? History shows us that children who are born in a two-parent home do not struggle with learning disabilities and other social issues. Sex versus parenthood is not considered first.
I was hyper active and on the spectrum with some ADHD and I am a gifted writer now with a degree and brilliant. I learn things in pieces and practice it over a few days.
@@ChildofGod98765 I’m so sorry for you but what does this have to do with this video?
@@strawberryadee nothing, just evangelical practice at the wrong possible place. You know, they love futile challenges to self delude them and “prove” themselves “right”.
@@ChildofGod98765 Hang in there. Praying for you 🙏
Can you please make a video on how to effectively utilize online courses or videos on youtube?
You can check Benjamin keep's video he was featured in Justin's channel and a fellow learning scientist.He has vidoes about a lot of specific topics
@@NirobHossain-jb3so Thank you, yup, I'm subscribed to his channel as well.
Wow,this really worked for me immediately, i scored 89 on my geohydrology Exam from a poor 54,thx man.All the thing i studied are just there in my mind even after exam,its like its painted in my mind/memory thx Doctor
24:23 the essence of this channel 😂
Great vid once again Justin! I think one of the most important points is really in the beginning where you talk about maintaining balance between consumption and digestion. All the digestion techniques for the first 3 types of information (which also happen to make up the bulk of all information we consume) happen to be very active and cognitively demanding and therefore so much easier to skip to focus on the more comfortable consumption step. The thing is, the time needed for consumption to produce the same net gain with lower efficiency I presume is A LOT higher (and a lot less fun) than just increasing the efficiency to get to the same point.
In a way it's very counter-intuitive to what we do. We naturally lean towards easier things (path of the least resistance!) and ironically at the same time find it easier to feel guilty about not consuming enough than about not doing enough with the already-consumed information. They're 2 very strong forces acting directly against most of what you talk about on the channel and they need a lot of (conscious) effort to overcome.
I appreciate your comments here.
The work is not the consuming (look at how the developed countries are consumer based!) consumption is easy, it’s the remembering. Without the dynamic discussion of a group, it’s more of a challenge to do it by oneself but it can be done. ChatGPT has been surprisingly helpful in having a conversation, and engagement with it (I’m learning Spanish) has really helped me, esp because “it’s patient” with my mistakes and also corrects me. I love it
Justin, you are the king of learning and thank you so so much.
I find your videos so reassuring because I’ve always learned my own way and got in trouble for it.
As a senior citizen, I finally have let myself learn the way that I want to. The way I operate is intuitive, which I feel is what you’re explaining. Eat, digest, eat digest…why is this not the norm???
Thank you again.
Justin this elaboration will change my life entirely and forever... Thank you
🎯 Key points for quick navigation:
00:00:00 *📚 Understanding the Two-Stage Learning System*
- Introduction to a two-stage system: consumption and digestion for better memory retention.
- Misconceptions about learning through fast consumption methods.
- Importance of focusing on information retention rather than just intake.
00:02:03 *🧠 Kim Peek's Memory Limitation Story and the Exam Paradox*
- Story of Kim Peek, who could memorize everything but struggled with reasoning and problem-solving.
- Discusses different memory demands at various educational levels.
- Clarifies the objective of learning as application and reasoning, not just memorizing everything.
00:04:22 *🔍 Unpacking the Importance of Information Categories (Pacer)*
- Introduction to the Pacer system for sorting information into categories.
- Explanation of the first category: Procedural, focusing on application through practice.
- Offers advice on balancing consumption and digestion to improve retention.
00:09:21 *🎯 Importance of Analogous and Conceptual Information*
- Definition and process for dealing with analogous information focusing on analogy and critique.
- Exploring conceptual information and utilizing mind mapping techniques.
- Emphasizes the need for non-linear thinking in understanding conceptual content.
00:19:14 *📄 Efficiently Handling Evidence and Reference Information*
- Different approaches to evidence and reference types of information using store and rehearse methods.
- Highlights when to use techniques like flashcards and spaced repetition.
- Stresses the need for different strategies across information types to save time and improve learning efficiency.
00:25:23 *🚀 Optimizing Learning with Pacer and Beyond*
- Recap of the Pacer system's effectiveness in balancing learning stages.
- Addresses the broader context of learning efficiency and processes still to be explored.
- Introduction to a free newsletter for ongoing learning process insights.
Made with HARPA AI
Thank you @JustinSung ! for taking the time to explain these methods of learning. Do you have other video where you explain with an example the implementation of the PACER system? If it's consistent with same example, even better
everytime i watch your videos i realize that i have already been using half of the techniques and completely ignoring the others because they are "mentally exhausting" if that makes sense. what are your views regarding combating that "mental exhaustion" that comes along with actively and unnaturally doing conceptual or analogous learning?
I also struggle with doing things I consider mentally exhausting even though they are important. I’ve been trying to do 3 things to combat it:
1)Read the scientific research and understand how humans in general have terrible intuition of what works for learning. E.g. research shows that people think rereading something 4 times would create stronger memories than reading once + active recall once. Test shows the later to be much better.
2)Make sure I understand and work on my emotional baggage and mindset related to learning, especially growth vs fixed mindset.
3)Understand that making mistakes and struggling with something is physiologically changing my brain and body to signal that the situation or information is important and should be stored. BECAUSE it is stressful and uncomfortable it will result in stronger neural connections and memory storage at the end of the day.
Thank you very much. I walk away a better person from this.
🎯 Key points for quick navigation:
📚 The system for remembering what you read divides the learning process into consumption and digestion stages, emphasizing the importance of retaining information over simply consuming more.
🧠 Understanding that memorizing everything isn't feasible; instead, focus on retaining and applying key information effectively to solve higher-level problems.
🌐 Information is categorized into procedural, analogous, conceptual, evidence, and reference types using the Pacer system to tailor learning strategies accordingly.
⚖️ Balancing time spent consuming information with actively digesting and processing it is crucial for effective learning and long-term retention.
🤔 Creating analogies helps connect new information with existing knowledge networks, enhancing understanding and retention through critical thinking and comparison.
📊 Evidence and reference types of information require specific storage and rehearsal techniques, such as note-taking and spaced repetition, to enhance retention and application.
Made with HARPA AI
I use these principles in my classes and try to teach them to my students to help them reconsider their own learning abilities, but your dissection and explanations will help me with explaining it to them. Thank you. I will SHARE your video in class! ❤