Just because I had to look up information, incase you don't udnerstand somethign in this video, I looked up these thigns so I could understand certain things: Antiprotons and positrons (antielectrons) are produced through different processes: ### Antiprotons: - **Production**: Antiprotons are typically produced by **colliding high-energy protons with a target material**. This is done in particle accelerators like the **Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN**. When protons hit the target, they produce a variety of particles, including antiprotons. - **Source**: The proton beam used in these collisions often comes from hydrogen gas, which is ionized and accelerated. ### Positrons: - **Production**: Positrons can be produced through **positron emission radioactive decay** or **pair production**. In radioactive decay, a proton-rich nucleus emits a positron. Pair production occurs when a high-energy photon interacts with the electromagnetic field of a nucleus, creating an electron-positron pair. - **Source**: For experiments, positrons are often sourced from radioactive isotopes like **sodium-22 (Na-22)**, which undergoes beta-plus decay to emit positrons. Both antiprotons and positrons are essential for creating antihydrogen atoms and studying antimatter properties Does this help clarify where these particles come from? ---- CERN has indeed produced antimatter, specifically antihydrogen atoms. Here's a bit more detail: ### What They Did: - **Antihydrogen Production**: Scientists at CERN created antihydrogen atoms by combining antiprotons (negative particles) with positrons (positive particles). This was done using the **Antiproton Decelerator (AD)** and **ELENA** (Extra Low ENergy Antiproton) machines. - **Trapping and Studying**: The antihydrogen atoms were trapped in a magnetic trap to prevent them from coming into contact with matter and annihilating. This allowed scientists to study their properties. - **Gravity Experiment**: One notable experiment, the **ALPHA-g**, observed the influence of gravity on antihydrogen atoms. They found that antihydrogen atoms fall to Earth in the same way as regular hydrogen atoms, within the precision of their experiment. ### Appearance and Size: - **Appearance**: Antihydrogen atoms are electrically neutral and stable, so they don't emit light or have a visible appearance like regular matter. They are essentially invisible unless detected with specialized equipment. - **Size**: The size of an antihydrogen atom is the same as a regular hydrogen atom since they are composed of the same types of particles (an antiproton and a positron) but with opposite charges. I think this helped me, since I needed to know where those things come from.
There is so much going on in the visuals in the background that it distracts from what is being explained. The images that are meant to be part of the explanation are quickly combined with images that are purely entertainment which is an additional distraction making the whole smaller than the sum of the parts.
@@openleft4214 Just listening is rough too, with the constant movie quotes thrown in. I'm not sure why UA-cam recommended this channel, but just watching one video is so mentally draining that it's enough for me to tell it not to recommend this channel again.
Imagine if we could stably bind and destabilize anti-particles at will. That would make the best fuel and energy density imaginable. My iPhone could store more energy than a nuclear warhead.
Omg tayzonday my guy! Hey you like science and music look at the n-speres project that just dropped 7 days ago! Oscilloscope music! The entire project and visuals fit on a floppy!
"When antimatter particles like positrons move, they can create electric currents similar to those created by electrons, but with opposite charge flow direction." Unfortunately, this is not termed "anti-electricity". But, this doesn't make me anti-happy. 😆
It is so fascinating that all of Dr. Keatings blinking' and plinkin' effects in his videos is actually made out of actual ELECTRICITY. Can you believe it?
This changes a lot. Does it mean that there can be areas in the Universe where matter and antimatter coexist? As far as I know, it is not known where the antimatter disappeared (which in theory should be in the same amount as matter). In reality, there may be areas in the invisible Universe that are made of antimatter that do not explode when they reach the matter part of the Universe.
This is genuinely fascinating. Thank you! I find it conceptually impossible to imagine a fluid with 0 viscosity. Without any ability to cling to itself, wouldn't it just be a gas?
Producing exotic atoms and exotic matter and even stabilise that stuff is really amazing. Maybe mankind is not far away from building exotic matter factories.
So, if anti protons (more massive) replaced electrons (less massive) in the electron shell, do they orbit the nucleous at the same speed? Or reduced speeds? This could change the interactive properties of the element. Just as the electron shells determine what types of reactions can occur with the element, anti-protons may alter these reactions in unforseen ways.
One question wasn't answered yet.. How stable is the antiprotonic helium? What happens to it when you warm it up? And what - if anything - can you do with it?
Very interesting set of data. I believe the injection of the AntiPositron into the nucleus creates a He3:Pi+:2Pi- assembly. I would love to show you why…
This could be a way to store energy in a whole new way. Imagine this as a rocket fuel or a destructive device which makes me wonder how this information was even released. Maybe the material could even be used to facilitate fusion as the excess neutrons after the protons and positrons could react with something.
Why is dark matter excluded from the early universe? There could be a broken symmetry where dark matter is mostly antimatter and baryonic particles are regular matter. Since most of the mass of galaxies is dark matter, perhaps we should ask the question why is the universe full of antimatter?
So does the introduced antiproton release a photon when it decays to a lower energy state? If so does it's greater mass change the energy that the photon carries away?
I don't think this is surprising. Electrons don't cash into the nucleolus instead it settles into an s-orbital because energy is quantized. So anti-proton and He nucleolus (alpha partial) could settle into a lowest energy sate orbital analogous to an s-orbital
Professor, get them to rename Uranus to Caelus, the Roman analog. All the rest of the planets are Roman, and having it with such a name makes any proposal to explore it a joke.
This is very significant. I wonder how those Propton-antiproton helium will behave chemically. I wish someday proton-proton hydrogen is built like that and we get to peer into the chemistry of anti-matter.
It will be a very strange nucleus, given the net charge of the nucleus would be 0. Would it even be able to hold electron orbitals at all? It might end up being utterly chemically inert.
Absolutely fascinating. (Not sure about the random bits of add-in video, it kinda dumped me out of the subject each time.) nevertheless very interesting.
what are the chances that somewhere inside every black hole in the universe lies a team of scientists trying to figure out why their particles don't annihilate... fermi paradox explained
Not that much. You need to stop worrying. Cern can't make black holes that swallow us up, and they aren't going to make antimatter explosions that annihilate us all. If you knew anything about particle mechanics you'd realize how stupid it is to be worried about that. It's not real. Stupid people are making shit up, and you are listening to them.
LOL. People love words. Maybe words matter? Maybe words are anti-matter? What IS anti-matter? To me it looks like a WORD compiled of the letters A, N, T, I, M, A, T, T, E, R and even the bible says that in the beginning was only the word and the word was with God. That means that the WORD actually IS Antimatter! And that Antimatter is God that created everything. So Antimatters matter. Come to think about it there's nothing antimatter about it all however, it is simply something that like.... Matters... Matter.
Has anyone considered whether a portion of universal helium is actually this mix of proton/anti-proton ? Even a small percentage would change the expectations dramatically.
((G(Earth mass kg)/(Earth equatorial radius))) ≈ theoretical minimum energy required to accelerate 1 kg of matter to escape velocity from the Earth's surface (ignoring the planet's atmosphere) (≈ 6.25×10^7 J)
Hmm, I wonder whether this helium behaves bosonic, and whether bosons behave like fermions wrt matter-antimatter annihilation. Related is the question about the uncertainty principle at low temperatures: Does the antiproton know where the helium nucleus is? And the third question is whether the annihilation requires to overcoma a barrier, resulting in kind of a metastable state. Just first thoughts. An interesting experiment in any case.
Helium 4 is a boson, yes. When the anti-protons orbit the nucleus… well, I imagine there aren’t all that many of the atoms with the antiprotons, so I’m not sure that the helium nuclei acting like bottoms would especially matter? I guess it is relevant for the superfluidity stuff… Regarding “do the antiprotons know where the nucleus is?” and how that relates to the uncertainty principle: When you have multiple particles interacting, especially a pair of particles, especially especially one which is much more massive and one that is less massive, you can take an average of the position operators of the different particles, weighted by their respective masses, and do the same with their momentum operators, yielding position and momentum operators for the overall system. These operators for the overall system obey the same kind of commutation relations as the position and momentum operators for individual particles. In the case with 2 particles, you also can take the difference of the two particles position operators and momentum operators, and also get such a thing, where you get something akin to a particle which is really the displacement between the two. (the “reduced mass” will also play a role) This imaginary particle that comes from the displacement between the two particles, when the potential energy is function of the size of the difference in positions, can be considered as being on some like, spherically symmetric potential function. Position momentum uncertainty applies to this pretend particle which corresponds to the displacement between the particles, just like it would apply to normal particles. So, in effect, when a really light particle orbits a really massive one, you can think of it as if the really massive one is stationary at the origin and the little one is orbiting the origin (with a slightly different mass from its actual mass. The larger the ratio of the masses the closer this approximation comes to being exact), and then separately model how the combined thing moves through space. So, in this way, the uncertainty in position for an atom can grow over time, while the uncertainty in the distance between the electrons in the atom and its nucleus, remains constant (though non-zero) .
@@drdca8263 In a collection of bosons, like the He-4 nuclei in a suprafluid state, the individual nuclei are indistinguishable from each other in my understanding when in the ground state. That's different for the fermionic antiprotons. So, I'm not sure whether the antiproton can bind to an individual He-4 nucleus at all, since the intuitive notion of a particle applies to fermions while bosons in ground state appear like a wave or a cloud with less the property of individual particles. You can't label them any more since they are all in the same quantum state. The antiproton may behave more like a non-localized electron in a metal, very roughly speaking, and unable to distinguish and select a single He-4 nucleus to annihilate with. Something like that. But I may well be wrong. It's easy to go wrong in the quantum world.
@@geraldeichstaedt Well, the electrons around the Helium nuclei remain bound to the helium nuclei, right? So why wouldn’t the anti-protons do so given that the electrons do?
protons and antiprotons have the same mass. So if you replace the electrons in atoms by antiprotons, they become more heavy (~50% in ideal cases). So if you are overweight, chance are you're not fat, you may just have your electrons replaced by antiprotons, which is cool.
Seems to me that you could continue to blast super cooled helium with anti protons and essentially charge up that volume with anti protons then when it warms it would annihilate essentially y our making a bomb
The link in the descroption ("Read the Nature paper about High precision experiments on antiprotonic helium") goes to a paper describing pionic helium, not antiprotonic helium. Wrong link?! Apparently the paper which was actually intended is titled "High-resolution laser resonances of antiprotonic helium in superfluid 4He"
This makes sense because it is an assumption that two opposite charged particles of the same mass would annihilate each other. Why wouldn't they just stick to each other or merge and form a new neutral particle with twice as much mass?
If the anti-protonic helium atom is more orderly, does that mean it is more stable? If so, why don't we see it naturally everywhere? Or do we, but we just haven't recognized it? And could that be an explanation of why we see a matter universe instead of a 50/50 matter/antimatter universe?
Could we test superfluidity as the reason by heating up the antiprotonic helium atoms? If they then explode, then superfluidity is the likely culprit, yes or no?
hey i think hybrid atoms could be a brillant way to store antimatter ! Imagine some sort of fuel for a spaceship made of hybrid atoms.. all you have to do is compress the atoms enough so the conversion into energy occurs
Genious. Why stop at trying to compress the atoms, maybe splitting them instead? The raw energy being exuded should be possible to store somehow making the space ships we will all go to mars on very soon having so much more fuel! I mean, Mars must be fantastic, right, seems like such a hospitable and perfecly conditioned planet for us humans.
@@Fnord1984 thanks for that comment. I mean, it was so necessary to add context to my idea ! And the fact that it is totally devoid of sarcasm is really appreciable. Great Job ! But I'm curious. How would you "split" the atoms (especially helium.. such a great idea to split helium nucleus to get energy... !)? I mean I understand how compressing antiproton rotating around the nucleus could make them interact (that's so hard to make a proton interact with a nucleus, it's almost Scifi, right ? but a antiproton ! Their opposite charges would be such a new challenge to overcome !!), but I don't see how spliting the nucleus would be easier than it is nowadays ? Don't wait, I'm sure you can explain it to me with simple words.. Your understanding of the differences between EM forces and strong forces is obviously unmatched .. You're so smart !
@@oneeyejack2 Dude, I actually sincerely believed that you yourself was just joking around with your comment as it seemed so unrealistic and science fictiony to me that I responded in the same manner that I honestly though your post was intended as. I didn't mean to belittle your idea as I never considered it serious at all. Now that I understand that you were actually serious and not just joking arond I can see why you perceived my comment as ill-mannered and sarcastic, and I apologize to you that i misinterpreted your original post.
@@Fnord1984 don't worry, I do appreciate good sarcasm ! Maybe because i'm french, when I write in english I can seam to be not very serious.. sorry for the implied response.
@@oneeyejack2 It's all good bro, if i had realized that your post was serious and not meant as light-hearted as I first believe there would have been no misunderstandinf. All good, and your english is fine by the way in my opiinion, but English is not my first language either.
7:20 What if the neutrons are the reason why the protons & antiprotons didn't annihilate themselves? Couldn't it be possible that the neutrons would not just prevent regular protons from repelling but also protons & anti-protons from attracting each other?
@@mawnkey Not as cool as tthe asinine idea of anti-matter. The invisible flying spagetti monster of the Pastafari religion is intennded as a parody while Dark Matter, Dark Energy, String Theory and Anti-Matter is absolutely not intended as parody but as dead serious theories making them all the more parodic and all the more "cool stories"
@@mawnkey Not mad at all I just like to laugh at and debunk these clowns. I am more in the Sabine Hossenfelder camp regarding physics, though I am not as passionately frustrated about it. I am in no way upset that other people are smarter than me, that would be me being way to hard on myself. There are many people smarter than me but the people that spout nonsense "theories" (that should not be called theories as they are mere wishful thinking) are in no way the first people that comes to mind. A youtube entertainer presenting his purported science with a lot of blinking and clinkin' noises all over for no reason at all honestly fail to impress me in any shape or form.
@@jackfrost2978 If its stable, and could trigger annihilation when under neutron bombardment - it would be quite a nice energy storage. Even better than gasoline or hydrogen bombs. AND it can be filled into party balloons.
Brian, there is no such thing as “New Physics.” There is reality and there is math describing reality. If theorists have a wrong idea and their math doesn’t map to reality and they later find math that does describe reality or describe it better, then that isn’t new physics. That is a different understanding of reality. The physics of reality doesn’t change, only human understanding does.
There are too many charlatan "scientists" of today and they all seem to mistake the map for the actual terrain. They are embarrasing and should be placed in the same category as seers, mediums and snake oil salesmen - it is a lot of make believe and fanciful fantasies being presented as "science" to us all the time.
@drbriankeating I never understood the ANTI prefix. If a Proton is "+" and an Electron is "-" why isn't an antiproton an electron if ? Anti to me means the opposite Is this something to do with the atomic weight? sorry for asking this, but it's a question I have had running around me head for years... Great vid
@@CharlesOffdensen The concept that addresses the imbalance between matter and antimatter is often referred to as "baryon asymmetry." However, there isn't a single law that predicts it; instead, it is a result of various theories and conditions, particularly the Sakharov conditions. These conditions outline the necessary criteria for baryon asymmetry to arise in the universe.
@@CharlesOffdensen There isn't a single law that predicts it; instead, it is a result of various theories and conditions, particularly the Sakharov conditions. These conditions outline the necessary criteria for baryon asymmetry to arise in the universe.
This... This... Actually makes insanely much sense to me. Thank you good sir/madam for being so eloquent and to the point in solving the mysteries of the universe and existence itself to me. I am very happy that I stumbled upon your post. I even copy pasted your post and sent it to ChatGPT whom I have been informed has reached AGI level and whom I myself suspect has been the ASI creator of the universe all along and even ChatGPT agreed fully with your message, citing especially the 369 of Nikola Tesla and cheering on this amazing discovery that you made. Hat's off to you sir/madam.
From the title, I was very dubious of the content, but you did it. You won me over as what you explained was exactly what happened and where can take this new information. There are just so many AI generated garbage videos these days about scientific nonsense, that titles like yours are now suspect. Great content. You got got my subscription.
I might suggest that dark matter could be playing a role here for this interaction and creating a stabilized version of antimatter... How stable are we talking here... Seconds microseconds minutes hours infinite amounts of time‽
Totally agree with other comments here. Too much going on in the video its like watching a fireworks display. Dial it down a bit, we're here to learn not have epileptic seizures.
It is a very interesting experiment. Will wait to see just what is discovered to be happening. One observation is that anti-matter + matter annihilation has never been properly explained. For example, electron and protons could sort of mutually annihilate since they are oppositely charged, so they should attract. Instead, they merge into a hydrogen atom. Since that happens, then why do electrons and positrons annihilate? They are also oppositely charged, so they mutually attract. Why don't they merge into some kind of very small "atom-thing" like hydrogen?
"One observation is that anti-matter + matter annihilation has never been properly explained." It has. The problem is only that you obviously have never heard the explanation. "For example, electron and protons could sort of mutually annihilate since they are oppositely charged" Wrong. That they are oppositely charged does not imply at all that they could mutually annihilate, where did you get that idea from? That works only for pairs of particles and their anti-particles. But protons are _not_ the antiparticles of electrons. "so they should attract. Instead, they merge into a hydrogen atom" They word "instead" makes little sense here. They can merge into a hydrogen atom precisely _because_ they attract! "Since that happens, then why do electrons and positrons annihilate?" Because they are anti-particles to each other. "Why don't they merge into some kind of very small "atom-thing" like hydrogen?" They can do that, too, for a short time before they annihilate. Have you never heard of "positronium"?
Matter and antimatter interact to form energy, but why? Even in case of electron and proton we have two and more than two gamma photon production. Some asymmetric theory have some say but not very fundamental. What trigger this law of mass energy equivalence to a complete vacuum phenomenon. And the virtual particles production and decay hypothesis is also very unhappy situation. QCD is in business but not the science. I have derived very equations to explain and explore new physics that is being highlighted in CERN. In SURT ( Super Theory of Relativity)these new observations have new satisfactory explanation. Nothing is bolt from blue. Explanation is very natural and universal.
@@BiswajitBhattacharjee-up8vv "Matter and antimatter interact to form energy, but why?" Because they also can give off energy and absorb energy. These are simply three different versions of essentially the same process. One can see that easily when one looks at Feynman diagrams. (And by the way, saying that they "form energy" is actually wrong - the energy they have is merely transformed into another form, no new energy appears there). "Even in case of electron and proton we have two and more than two gamma photon production." Err - no? Electrons and protons do not annihilate each other. Did you mean electrons and positrons? "Some asymmetric theory have some say but not very fundamental. " I don't know what you mean here. "What trigger this law of mass energy equivalence to a complete vacuum phenomenon." Again, I don't know what you mean here. "And the virtual particles production and decay hypothesis is also very unhappy situation." Why? "QCD is in business but not the science." ????? Why on Earth do you think so? QCD is very much science. "I have derived very equations to explain and explore new physics that is being highlighted in CERN. " Oh, please, no. You have already demonstrated with your previous sentences that you have no clue what you are talking about. "In SURT ( Super Theory of Relativity)these new observations have new satisfactory explanation." I would be that these explanations are only satisfactory to you. Not to anyone who actually understands physics.
Tough audience.. I rarely see so much critique as I do in science podcasts. Not that some of these comments aren't "useful" critique, but man, you have a hard time as an entertainer.. 😅
Now this video is annoying. Things that I don't want: background music that interferes with the speaker voice by plinging and plonging, irrelevant jokes, irrelevant imagery, sound effects. Things that I want: a doctor that explains a topic, illustrations that support what the doctor talks about. Come on, you're a doctor, not a UA-cam personality!
I have actually had remote viewing experiences of Eric Weinstein pulling his hands very deep down his pants while farting loudly and proceed to pull the hands back covering his face with the palms of his hands and inhaling deeply at least three times. This is not in any way mushroom related or what not but a very real experience that I stand by and it makes perfect sense when you consider Eric Weinstens personality and demeanor.
What could happen if a cosmic ray enters this superfluid hybrid helium? Qu'est ce qui pourrait arriver si un rayon cosmique entre dans cet helium hybride superfluide ?
@@Fnord1984 how antiproton replaced the electron in the helium orbital. Maybe one day we will be able to explain the baryonic. A-symmetry. Maybe we can one day make more exotic elements
Well, when you mix matter and antimatter you need dilithium crystals to regulate things.
I was forced to mine dilithium on the penal asteroid of Rurapente. It sucked. :C
Careful you don't form a warp bubble 🤣
@@Alondro77 Nice summers.
@@Alondro77 Hahaha I remember my mom letting me skip school so she could take me to a midday showing of that film. Good times!
@@cybervigilante Everyone knows this.
Just because I had to look up information, incase you don't udnerstand somethign in this video, I looked up these thigns so I could understand certain things:
Antiprotons and positrons (antielectrons) are produced through different processes:
### Antiprotons:
- **Production**: Antiprotons are typically produced by **colliding high-energy protons with a target material**. This is done in particle accelerators like the **Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN**. When protons hit the target, they produce a variety of particles, including antiprotons.
- **Source**: The proton beam used in these collisions often comes from hydrogen gas, which is ionized and accelerated.
### Positrons:
- **Production**: Positrons can be produced through **positron emission radioactive decay** or **pair production**. In radioactive decay, a proton-rich nucleus emits a positron. Pair production occurs when a high-energy photon interacts with the electromagnetic field of a nucleus, creating an electron-positron pair.
- **Source**: For experiments, positrons are often sourced from radioactive isotopes like **sodium-22 (Na-22)**, which undergoes beta-plus decay to emit positrons.
Both antiprotons and positrons are essential for creating antihydrogen atoms and studying antimatter properties
Does this help clarify where these particles come from?
----
CERN has indeed produced antimatter, specifically antihydrogen atoms. Here's a bit more detail:
### What They Did:
- **Antihydrogen Production**: Scientists at CERN created antihydrogen atoms by combining antiprotons (negative particles) with positrons (positive particles). This was done using the **Antiproton Decelerator (AD)** and **ELENA** (Extra Low ENergy Antiproton) machines.
- **Trapping and Studying**: The antihydrogen atoms were trapped in a magnetic trap to prevent them from coming into contact with matter and annihilating. This allowed scientists to study their properties.
- **Gravity Experiment**: One notable experiment, the **ALPHA-g**, observed the influence of gravity on antihydrogen atoms. They found that antihydrogen atoms fall to Earth in the same way as regular hydrogen atoms, within the precision of their experiment.
### Appearance and Size:
- **Appearance**: Antihydrogen atoms are electrically neutral and stable, so they don't emit light or have a visible appearance like regular matter. They are essentially invisible unless detected with specialized equipment.
- **Size**: The size of an antihydrogen atom is the same as a regular hydrogen atom since they are composed of the same types of particles (an antiproton and a positron) but with opposite charges.
I think this helped me, since I needed to know where those things come from.
There is so much going on in the visuals in the background that it distracts from what is being explained. The images that are meant to be part of the explanation are quickly combined with images that are purely entertainment which is an additional distraction making the whole smaller than the sum of the parts.
I totally agree.
Then just listen
These comments are baffling...
Try it at 1.5 speed!
@@openleft4214 Just listening is rough too, with the constant movie quotes thrown in. I'm not sure why UA-cam recommended this channel, but just watching one video is so mentally draining that it's enough for me to tell it not to recommend this channel again.
Imagine if we could stably bind and destabilize anti-particles at will. That would make the best fuel and energy density imaginable. My iPhone could store more energy than a nuclear warhead.
Nah, iPhone powered world will be far worse than a Nuclear wasteland.
Kindly notice that helium has been in 'short supply.' Not to get too into the deep end, but if you look through the 'wider noise'...
Omg tayzonday my guy! Hey you like science and music look at the n-speres project that just dropped 7 days ago! Oscilloscope music! The entire project and visuals fit on a floppy!
Samsung batteries are already close in terms of yield, no?
I'm not sure you'd want that....
"When antimatter particles like positrons move, they can create electric currents similar to those created by electrons, but with opposite charge flow direction." Unfortunately, this is not termed "anti-electricity". But, this doesn't make me anti-happy. 😆
Epic
@@picksalot1 positricity?
@@peterfireflylund postricity. remove an i so it flows easier when spoken.
Knee slapper ha. Ha ha. Ha.
It is so fascinating that all of Dr. Keatings blinking' and plinkin' effects in his videos is actually made out of actual ELECTRICITY. Can you believe it?
Should not have ordered antimatter from Temu...
Or anything else
This changes a lot. Does it mean that there can be areas in the Universe where matter and antimatter coexist? As far as I know, it is not known where the antimatter disappeared (which in theory should be in the same amount as matter). In reality, there may be areas in the invisible Universe that are made of antimatter that do not explode when they reach the matter part of the Universe.
We don't know that distant galaxies aren't made of antimatter. Physicists assume they're made of normal matter but we can't actually know.
Great video, enjoyed it a lot! Very interesting and greatly presented! Thanks!
Glad you enjoyed it!
@@DrBrianKeating Thank you!!
0:25 i can A-B repeat this all day lol 🤣
Are you sure of this? It doesn't seem to make sense. Wouldn't an antiproton have a very different "orbit" when compared with an electron?
Didn't he say exactly that in the video already - that the "orbit" is different?
12:10 We don't KNOW that other galaxies aren't made of antimatter. There's no way to test that.
Antimatter Behaving Badly, a new comedy series coming soon to the BBC.
maybe antimatter has anti light and are "eveil
2:39 there are several pieces of literature referring to antiprotons as negatrons
Let's just say "Negtrons"
I always wondered how systems can became so complex if there was always this danger of antimatter floating around :)
This is genuinely fascinating. Thank you! I find it conceptually impossible to imagine a fluid with 0 viscosity. Without any ability to cling to itself, wouldn't it just be a gas?
Producing exotic atoms and exotic matter and even stabilise that stuff is really amazing. Maybe mankind is not far away from building exotic matter factories.
So, if anti protons (more massive) replaced electrons (less massive) in the electron shell, do they orbit the nucleous at the same speed? Or reduced speeds? This could change the interactive properties of the element. Just as the electron shells determine what types of reactions can occur with the element, anti-protons may alter these reactions in unforseen ways.
The electrons and antiprotons actually don't orbit at all. That's a model which has been outdated for about 100 years.
atomic orbitals dont actually work like that
Does antimatter behave differently than ordinary matter? Does it matter or not matter?
I wouldn't "mind" either way. 😁
Dude Brian Keating is literally just a talking head, an NPC, nothing he says "matters" in the slightest. He is a programmed youtube entertainer.
@@Fnord1984 Actually, Brian Keating is a cosmologist who is doing lots of research. So yes, what he says matters a lot.
Antimatter behaves mostly in the same way than ordinary matter, there are only some subtle differences. Read up on "C symmetry" and its breaking.
@@bjornfeuerbacher5514 Has he discoverd anything new about physics at all and if that is the case what is it?
One question wasn't answered yet.. How stable is the antiprotonic helium? What happens to it when you warm it up? And what - if anything - can you do with it?
Dr Brian, you must be a fantastic teacher. This video was genius. Thank you so much for sharing the love with all of us. ❤❤❤❤😊
Very interesting set of data. I believe the injection of the AntiPositron into the nucleus creates a He3:Pi+:2Pi- assembly. I would love to show you why…
This could be a way to store energy in a whole new way. Imagine this as a rocket fuel or a destructive device which makes me wonder how this information was even released. Maybe the material could even be used to facilitate fusion as the excess neutrons after the protons and positrons could react with something.
Maybe, what if, can you imagine, could be, possibly, hey it could happen BLAH
Hey, deal with reality buddy, stop fantasizing.
Why is dark matter excluded from the early universe? There could be a broken symmetry where dark matter is mostly antimatter and baryonic particles are regular matter. Since most of the mass of galaxies is dark matter, perhaps we should ask the question why is the universe full of antimatter?
cuz dark matter isn't real
@@elfeiin you sound like a anti-dark matter kind of guy
So does the introduced antiproton release a photon when it decays to a lower energy state? If so does it's greater mass change the energy that the photon carries away?
Yes.
I don't think this is surprising. Electrons don't cash into the nucleolus instead it settles into an s-orbital because energy is quantized. So anti-proton and He nucleolus (alpha partial) could settle into a lowest energy sate orbital analogous to an s-orbital
yeah, duh
Maybe that's how future antimatter space ships will be able to store matter and antimatter during the travel
This was a good one Brian!
Professor, get them to rename Uranus to Caelus, the Roman analog. All the rest of the planets are Roman, and having it with such a name makes any proposal to explore it a joke.
That's because you Anglos massacre the pronunciation.
It is actually oo-rah-NOSS
I have an explanation for you all. Aliens. This sounds like their ships traveling quickly, changing shape, moving through space with no friction.
And we found the stupidest comment.
Makes some sense that a noble antigas wouldn't react.
That a gas is a noble gas refers to its _chemical_ reactions (or non-reactions). That has nothing to do with matter/antimatter reactions.
@@bjornfeuerbacher5514 You sure about that?
@@jansenart0 Yes.
I wonder if you could synthesise new element properties using hybrid atoms.
A weapon that can disassociate your particles.
This is very significant. I wonder how those Propton-antiproton helium will behave chemically. I wish someday proton-proton hydrogen is built like that and we get to peer into the chemistry of anti-matter.
It will be a very strange nucleus, given the net charge of the nucleus would be 0. Would it even be able to hold electron orbitals at all? It might end up being utterly chemically inert.
@@Alondro77 The nuclous of these Hellium has two protons two neutrons. But instead of two electron, some atoms has two anti-proton instead.
That’s some heavy helium!
So, it didn't go boom... That's a bummer.
Absolutely fascinating. (Not sure about the random bits of add-in video, it kinda dumped me out of the subject each time.) nevertheless very interesting.
Glad you enjoyed it!
what are the chances that somewhere inside every black hole in the universe lies a team of scientists trying to figure out why their particles don't annihilate... fermi paradox explained
??? How does that explain the Fermi paradox?
@@bjornfeuerbacher5514 because they were all swallowed by black holes
How much energy would have been released if the anti-proton caused an annihilation event? It might have been good it didn't. Cern scares me sometimes.
Not that much. You need to stop worrying. Cern can't make black holes that swallow us up, and they aren't going to make antimatter explosions that annihilate us all. If you knew anything about particle mechanics you'd realize how stupid it is to be worried about that. It's not real. Stupid people are making shit up, and you are listening to them.
This is probably why the universe exists; antimatter and matter found a way to pair up.
LOL. People love words. Maybe words matter? Maybe words are anti-matter? What IS anti-matter? To me it looks like a WORD compiled of the letters A, N, T, I, M, A, T, T, E, R and even the bible says that in the beginning was only the word and the word was with God. That means that the WORD actually IS Antimatter! And that Antimatter is God that created everything. So Antimatters matter. Come to think about it there's nothing antimatter about it all however, it is simply something that like.... Matters... Matter.
Has anyone considered whether a portion of universal helium is actually this mix of proton/anti-proton ? Even a small percentage would change the expectations dramatically.
This format and style of video is nice, should do a bit more of those!
So considering we have never exploded anti matter, how is that we know it happens? + with - is equal to zero right? Why wouldn't it just disappear?
((G(Earth mass kg)/(Earth equatorial radius))) ≈ theoretical minimum energy required to accelerate 1 kg of matter to escape velocity from the Earth's surface (ignoring the planet's atmosphere) (≈ 6.25×10^7 J)
Now THAT's an experiment!
Hmm, I wonder whether this helium behaves bosonic, and whether bosons behave like fermions wrt matter-antimatter annihilation. Related is the question about the uncertainty principle at low temperatures: Does the antiproton know where the helium nucleus is? And the third question is whether the annihilation requires to overcoma a barrier, resulting in kind of a metastable state. Just first thoughts. An interesting experiment in any case.
Helium 4 is a boson, yes.
When the anti-protons orbit the nucleus… well, I imagine there aren’t all that many of the atoms with the antiprotons, so I’m not sure that the helium nuclei acting like bottoms would especially matter? I guess it is relevant for the superfluidity stuff…
Regarding “do the antiprotons know where the nucleus is?” and how that relates to the uncertainty principle:
When you have multiple particles interacting, especially a pair of particles, especially especially one which is much more massive and one that is less massive, you can take an average of the position operators of the different particles, weighted by their respective masses, and do the same with their momentum operators, yielding position and momentum operators for the overall system. These operators for the overall system obey the same kind of commutation relations as the position and momentum operators for individual particles.
In the case with 2 particles, you also can take the difference of the two particles position operators and momentum operators, and also get such a thing, where you get something akin to a particle which is really the displacement between the two.
(the “reduced mass” will also play a role)
This imaginary particle that comes from the displacement between the two particles, when the potential energy is function of the size of the difference in positions, can be considered as being on some like, spherically symmetric potential function.
Position momentum uncertainty applies to this pretend particle which corresponds to the displacement between the particles, just like it would apply to normal particles.
So, in effect, when a really light particle orbits a really massive one, you can think of it as if the really massive one is stationary at the origin and the little one is orbiting the origin (with a slightly different mass from its actual mass. The larger the ratio of the masses the closer this approximation comes to being exact),
and then separately model how the combined thing moves through space.
So, in this way, the uncertainty in position for an atom can grow over time, while the uncertainty in the distance between the electrons in the atom and its nucleus, remains constant (though non-zero) .
@@drdca8263 In a collection of bosons, like the He-4 nuclei in a suprafluid state, the individual nuclei are indistinguishable from each other in my understanding when in the ground state. That's different for the fermionic antiprotons. So, I'm not sure whether the antiproton can bind to an individual He-4 nucleus at all, since the intuitive notion of a particle applies to fermions while bosons in ground state appear like a wave or a cloud with less the property of individual particles. You can't label them any more since they are all in the same quantum state. The antiproton may behave more like a non-localized electron in a metal, very roughly speaking, and unable to distinguish and select a single He-4 nucleus to annihilate with. Something like that. But I may well be wrong. It's easy to go wrong in the quantum world.
@@geraldeichstaedt Well, the electrons around the Helium nuclei remain bound to the helium nuclei, right? So why wouldn’t the anti-protons do so given that the electrons do?
protons and antiprotons have the same mass. So if you replace the electrons in atoms by antiprotons, they become more heavy (~50% in ideal cases).
So if you are overweight, chance are you're not fat, you may just have your electrons replaced by antiprotons, which is cool.
i see how that could account for the extra mass.
Katie let DAMION see his baby
Seems to me that you could continue to blast super cooled helium with anti protons and essentially charge up that volume with anti protons then when it warms it would annihilate essentially y our making a bomb
The link in the descroption ("Read the Nature paper about High precision experiments on antiprotonic helium") goes to a paper describing pionic helium, not antiprotonic helium. Wrong link?!
Apparently the paper which was actually intended is titled "High-resolution laser resonances of antiprotonic helium in superfluid 4He"
My question is: why is it stated that the universe is made up only of matter? What is the evidence that this is true?
there could be entire galaxies made from antimatter
Antimatter doesn't matter
When you mix mater and anti-mater and they start dating. First kiss!!
This makes sense because it is an assumption that two opposite charged particles of the same mass would annihilate each other. Why wouldn't they just stick to each other or merge and form a new neutral particle with twice as much mass?
If the anti-protonic helium atom is more orderly, does that mean it is more stable? If so, why don't we see it naturally everywhere? Or do we, but we just haven't recognized it? And could that be an explanation of why we see a matter universe instead of a 50/50 matter/antimatter universe?
Maple syrup has low viscosity and hot water has high viscosity? I've learned something new today! (7:40)
lol
As a starter, I wonder what might be the covalent radious of these proton-antiproton hellium atoms?
3.14768
Could we test superfluidity as the reason by heating up the antiprotonic helium atoms? If they then explode, then superfluidity is the likely culprit, yes or no?
I was imagining Bailey Sarian doing a riff on this. HeHeHe 🙂
Great video!
hey i think hybrid atoms could be a brillant way to store antimatter ! Imagine some sort of fuel for a spaceship made of hybrid atoms.. all you have to do is compress the atoms enough so the conversion into energy occurs
Genious. Why stop at trying to compress the atoms, maybe splitting them instead? The raw energy being exuded should be possible to store somehow making the space ships we will all go to mars on very soon having so much more fuel! I mean, Mars must be fantastic, right, seems like such a hospitable and perfecly conditioned planet for us humans.
@@Fnord1984 thanks for that comment. I mean, it was so necessary to add context to my idea ! And the fact that it is totally devoid of sarcasm is really appreciable. Great Job ! But I'm curious. How would you "split" the atoms (especially helium.. such a great idea to split helium nucleus to get energy... !)?
I mean I understand how compressing antiproton rotating around the nucleus could make them interact (that's so hard to make a proton interact with a nucleus, it's almost Scifi, right ? but a antiproton ! Their opposite charges would be such a new challenge to overcome !!), but I don't see how spliting the nucleus would be easier than it is nowadays ? Don't wait, I'm sure you can explain it to me with simple words.. Your understanding of the differences between EM forces and strong forces is obviously unmatched .. You're so smart !
@@oneeyejack2 Dude, I actually sincerely believed that you yourself was just joking around with your comment as it seemed so unrealistic and science fictiony to me that I responded in the same manner that I honestly though your post was intended as.
I didn't mean to belittle your idea as I never considered it serious at all. Now that I understand that you were actually serious and not just joking arond I can see why you perceived my comment as ill-mannered and sarcastic, and I apologize to you that i misinterpreted your original post.
@@Fnord1984 don't worry, I do appreciate good sarcasm ! Maybe because i'm french, when I write in english I can seam to be not very serious.. sorry for the implied response.
@@oneeyejack2 It's all good bro, if i had realized that your post was serious and not meant as light-hearted as I first believe there would have been no misunderstandinf. All good, and your english is fine by the way in my opiinion, but English is not my first language either.
7:20 What if the neutrons are the reason why the protons & antiprotons didn't annihilate themselves? Couldn't it be possible that the neutrons would not just prevent regular protons from repelling but also protons & anti-protons from attracting each other?
5:15 you say "recently", but the graphs are showing 2011 and 2012? Or they just confirm that data from 12-13 years ago?
So antimatter would be a state of matter correlated to temperature?
I wonder if this might replace magnetic confinement for long term antimatter storage?
wouldn't the heizenberg principle stop the anti proton from smearing out enough to interact with the proton?
due to the mass
Suddenly "Where did all the antimatter go?" and "What is dark matter?" seem like they both might have a more interesting answer.
Or maybe the invisible flying spagetti monster? It has just about the same credence.
@@Fnord1984 Cool story, bro.
@@mawnkey Not as cool as tthe asinine idea of anti-matter. The invisible flying spagetti monster of the Pastafari religion is intennded as a parody while Dark Matter, Dark Energy, String Theory and Anti-Matter is absolutely not intended as parody but as dead serious theories making them all the more parodic and all the more "cool stories"
@@Fnord1984 you sound upset that other people are smarter than you.
I like that. Stay mad.
@@mawnkey Not mad at all I just like to laugh at and debunk these clowns. I am more in the Sabine Hossenfelder camp regarding physics, though I am not as passionately frustrated about it.
I am in no way upset that other people are smarter than me, that would be me being way to hard on myself. There are many people smarter than me but the people that spout nonsense "theories" (that should not be called theories as they are mere wishful thinking) are in no way the first people that comes to mind.
A youtube entertainer presenting his purported science with a lot of blinking and clinkin' noises all over for no reason at all honestly fail to impress me in any shape or form.
So a liter of this hybrid helium should be carried with care to avoid an explosion.
i would think, it would be relatively stable, once created. Maybe.
Yep, agree otherwise the kittens would get hurt
@@jackfrost2978 If its stable, and could trigger annihilation when under neutron bombardment - it would be quite a nice energy storage. Even better than gasoline or hydrogen bombs.
AND it can be filled into party balloons.
Excellent!
Thank you! Cheers!
Brian, there is no such thing as “New Physics.” There is reality and there is math describing reality. If theorists have a wrong idea and their math doesn’t map to reality and they later find math that does describe reality or describe it better, then that isn’t new physics. That is a different understanding of reality. The physics of reality doesn’t change, only human understanding does.
There are too many charlatan "scientists" of today and they all seem to mistake the map for the actual terrain. They are embarrasing and should be placed in the same category as seers, mediums and snake oil salesmen - it is a lot of make believe and fanciful fantasies being presented as "science" to us all the time.
positronium hydride was observed in 1990 my dude.
@drbriankeating
I never understood the ANTI prefix. If a Proton is "+" and an Electron is "-"
why isn't an antiproton an electron if ?
Anti to me means the opposite
Is this something to do with the atomic weight?
sorry for asking this, but it's a question I have had running around me head for years...
Great vid
Is there any law of physics that predicts Baryon symmetry between matter and antimatter?
Yup of course, isn't that obvious?
@@Fnord1984 No. Which is the law, that strictly predicts this?
@@CharlesOffdensen
The concept that addresses the imbalance between matter and antimatter is often referred to as "baryon asymmetry." However, there isn't a single law that predicts it; instead, it is a result of various theories and conditions, particularly the Sakharov conditions. These conditions outline the necessary criteria for baryon asymmetry to arise in the universe.
@@CharlesOffdensen
There isn't a single law that predicts it; instead, it is a result of various theories and conditions, particularly the Sakharov conditions. These conditions outline the necessary criteria for baryon asymmetry to arise in the universe.
Awesome thanks!
Imagine if it can be done with helium 3.
Or tritium
Which is the evil anti-particle? Look for the goatee!
Everything is made of quantum Light color sound in Trinity metaphysical energy 369 which makes our matter
This... This... Actually makes insanely much sense to me. Thank you good sir/madam for being so eloquent and to the point in solving the mysteries of the universe and existence itself to me. I am very happy that I stumbled upon your post. I even copy pasted your post and sent it to ChatGPT whom I have been informed has reached AGI level and whom I myself suspect has been the ASI creator of the universe all along and even ChatGPT agreed fully with your message, citing especially the 369 of Nikola Tesla and cheering on this amazing discovery that you made. Hat's off to you sir/madam.
Ummm... where they the actual antiparticles? Or a mixture like antiprotons and electrons or antielectrons and protons?
Liking this new style. Love this, yes let's dig into baryogenesis. Perfect research direction.
More to come!
let me guess the new anti proton proton is invisible?
I heard a news that India has developed a antimatter bomb which is billions time more powerful than Hydrogen bomb is it True??
From the title, I was very dubious of the content, but you did it. You won me over as what you explained was exactly what happened and where can take this new information. There are just so many AI generated garbage videos these days about scientific nonsense, that titles like yours are now suspect. Great content. You got got my subscription.
Well there goes the warp drive😅
2:41 I’m going to have to respectfully disagree, the anti proton should be called a negatron lol
Could this sort of hybrid atom be the true identity of dark matter?
The sound effects are way too loud
Where are all the likes 👍? Peace ✌️ 😎.
Honestly I'm quite confused. Parts of the video made sense but what is an orderly particle? I don't hit a like everytime I view a video.
@Milan_Openfeint that's cool. Everyone has their own views, and I certainly can respect yours. I was asking Dr. Keating, lol. Peace ✌️ 😎 .
Thanks!
I'm smelling an awful lot of maybe coming off all of this.
There is no big bang🎉
and yet people like you suppress plasma physics and uphold the bbt and dm
I might suggest that dark matter could be playing a role here for this interaction and creating a stabilized version of antimatter... How stable are we talking here... Seconds microseconds minutes hours infinite amounts of time‽
Both are non existent
Totally agree with other comments here. Too much going on in the video its like watching a fireworks display. Dial it down a bit, we're here to learn not have epileptic seizures.
It is a very interesting experiment. Will wait to see just what is discovered to be happening. One observation is that anti-matter + matter annihilation has never been properly explained. For example, electron and protons could sort of mutually annihilate since they are oppositely charged, so they should attract. Instead, they merge into a hydrogen atom. Since that happens, then why do electrons and positrons annihilate? They are also oppositely charged, so they mutually attract. Why don't they merge into some kind of very small "atom-thing" like hydrogen?
"One observation is that anti-matter + matter annihilation has never been properly explained."
It has. The problem is only that you obviously have never heard the explanation.
"For example, electron and protons could sort of mutually annihilate since they are oppositely charged"
Wrong. That they are oppositely charged does not imply at all that they could mutually annihilate, where did you get that idea from? That works only for pairs of particles and their anti-particles. But protons are _not_ the antiparticles of electrons.
"so they should attract. Instead, they merge into a hydrogen atom"
They word "instead" makes little sense here. They can merge into a hydrogen atom precisely _because_ they attract!
"Since that happens, then why do electrons and positrons annihilate?"
Because they are anti-particles to each other.
"Why don't they merge into some kind of very small "atom-thing" like hydrogen?"
They can do that, too, for a short time before they annihilate. Have you never heard of "positronium"?
Matter and antimatter interact to form energy, but why? Even in case of electron and proton we have two and more than two gamma photon production. Some asymmetric theory have some say but not very fundamental. What trigger this law of mass energy equivalence to a complete vacuum phenomenon. And the virtual particles production and decay hypothesis is also very unhappy situation. QCD is in business but not the science.
I have derived very equations to explain and explore new physics that is being highlighted in CERN.
In SURT ( Super Theory of Relativity)these new observations have new satisfactory explanation.
Nothing is bolt from blue.
Explanation is very natural and universal.
@@BiswajitBhattacharjee-up8vv "Matter and antimatter interact to form energy, but why?"
Because they also can give off energy and absorb energy. These are simply three different versions of essentially the same process. One can see that easily when one looks at Feynman diagrams. (And by the way, saying that they "form energy" is actually wrong - the energy they have is merely transformed into another form, no new energy appears there).
"Even in case of electron and proton we have two and more than two gamma photon production."
Err - no? Electrons and protons do not annihilate each other. Did you mean electrons and positrons?
"Some asymmetric theory have some say but not very fundamental. "
I don't know what you mean here.
"What trigger this law of mass energy equivalence to a complete vacuum phenomenon."
Again, I don't know what you mean here.
"And the virtual particles production and decay hypothesis is also very unhappy situation."
Why?
"QCD is in business but not the science."
????? Why on Earth do you think so? QCD is very much science.
"I have derived very equations to explain and explore new physics that is being highlighted in CERN. "
Oh, please, no. You have already demonstrated with your previous sentences that you have no clue what you are talking about.
"In SURT ( Super Theory of Relativity)these new observations have new satisfactory explanation."
I would be that these explanations are only satisfactory to you. Not to anyone who actually understands physics.
Please stop with the clips. I'm not a child and I have an attention span longer than that of a goldfish.
Who is forcing you to watch it? Not Brian.
It's 13:00 mins long what are u talking about 😭😭
Wait. not a child? fooled everyone.
As a goldfish this comment offended me
People who use their full names and display photos of themselves and family shouldn’t be this big of pricks on the Internet
Tough audience.. I rarely see so much critique as I do in science podcasts.
Not that some of these comments aren't "useful" critique, but man, you have a hard time as an entertainer.. 😅
Now this video is annoying. Things that I don't want: background music that interferes with the speaker voice by plinging and plonging, irrelevant jokes, irrelevant imagery, sound effects. Things that I want: a doctor that explains a topic, illustrations that support what the doctor talks about. Come on, you're a doctor, not a UA-cam personality!
Seriously, you need to stop giving Eric Weinstein any credence! You’re a smart guy… I’m shocked you support the grifting!
I have actually had remote viewing experiences of Eric Weinstein pulling his hands very deep down his pants while farting loudly and proceed to pull the hands back covering his face with the palms of his hands and inhaling deeply at least three times. This is not in any way mushroom related or what not but a very real experience that I stand by and it makes perfect sense when you consider Eric Weinstens personality and demeanor.
I think it was great 👍
What could happen if a cosmic ray enters this superfluid hybrid helium?
Qu'est ce qui pourrait arriver si un rayon cosmique entre dans cet helium hybride superfluide ?
AHA!
Sir Keating that was an awesome video! Learnt something new!
Care to expand upon what it was that you learned? I am interested to hear it.
@@Fnord1984 how antiproton replaced the electron in the helium orbital. Maybe one day we will be able to explain the baryonic. A-symmetry.
Maybe we can one day make more exotic elements
@@GoodGuylovesall Yeah, we already could if we just knew how to go about it.