Daaam davis imma have to buy your book 😂😂 I do think it is interesting that we place names onto these people whose languages and names for themselves and their things are no where near what we could understand
Enjoy your videos, however this one a salient error is your claim that DNA evidence disproves the 'hunter-gatherer adoption' mode;. Quite the contrary, that is what the data exactly shows - northern FBC represents hunter-gatherers interacting with farmers across a broad front with Farmers, then adapting aspects of agriculture. The 'out of Michelsberg' unilinear models fails genetically & archaeologically
@1EY3King interesting rock formations, like dolmen. Google has a detailed explanation. I guess Wikipedia would not be biased, in this case, either, so it's probably safe to believe Wikipedia's information, for this sort of thing.
I find them interesting because one of their settlements was located in what is now Flintbek in Schleswig-Holstein, which is actually where i grew up. That particular dig site is also the site of the oldest direct evidence of wheel use in the history of mankind (though indirect evidence from mesopotamia goes back even further). These tracks were dated to around 3400BCE, meaning people there have been using the wheel for at least 5400 years.
It's nice that all those archaeologists and historians have not worked in vain, and now on UA-cam we are treated to audiovisual treatments of their findings. I enjoyed this, thanks.
Another interesting detail: The Funnel Beaker Culture has been using the wheel since at least 3400BCE. The oldest wheel tracks in the world were found in Schleswig-Holstein, near Flintbek (which is probably why it's marked on the map at 1:47)
Nice introduction. The basic farmhouse design, with thatched roofs, still exist in this area. The biggest change is that wattle and daub is replaced with brick and the three room partition is reorganised. They average around 40 meters in length and are referred to as Saxon farms, however they are a historical continuity from the TRB culture to this day. In some rare cases the megaliths are still on the same property. By the way, you can combine the Swifterbant with the Ertebølle they are the same people just classified different by modern regional archeologists.
Thank you. I've spoken elsewhere in comments somewhere on this channel about the cultural continuity of these longhouses. As for the modern national divisions in the archeology of this area yeah I've been reading a bit of Rune Iversen who talks about this. I'm just using whatever images I can find.
I live near Nebra in southern Saxony-Anhalt. There are some preserved hen graves and menhire here. Such longhouses are still typical buildings here. They mostly serve as storage rooms for food, cattle fodder, tools and other goods. I guess they also served as cattle sheds at that time. Genetic traces of the people who lived here can be found in princely tombs all over Germany. In the sky disc there is tin and gold from Cornwall and copper from Hallstadt (Salzburger Land). Aunjetitz culture
True. I visited the 'Hunebedcentrum' museum in Borger, Netherlands some years ago. Next to the region's longest longbarrow they have rebuilt longhouses from various periods you mention in your series. Interestingly, a modern farmhouse just outside the fence looked just the same except it was made of brick.
I grew up in Bronneger, a tiny cluster of farmhouses just north of Borger. Many burial mounds (tumuli) visible everywhere, more dolmen graves near Bronneger and Drouwen. It's such a rich area. And indeed, the farmhouse that my parents restored in the 1980s was essentially a stone longhouse. In the 1980s the big dolmen in Borger and its immediate surroundings was a popular hangout for us. @@Danielhake
I haven't read your books but I like your videos. You have become a master, fusing history with possible possibilities. Onto the corded ware people, DNA is a story teller.
Until watching this video this history has been really hard to get a grip on. Like, I had no idea that agriculture was introduced this early in northern Europe. And the steppe herders arriving making it more complicated still. Thank you!
@@DanDavisHistory I have heard all the terms before, Funnelbeaker, Corded Ware, SHG, EHG, WHG, Yamnaya, Battle Axe Culture. But never coherently like this, it has been impossible for me to put it together. Really love your videos and gonna buy books from you, great work! (Maybe Bell Beaker and Pitted Ware have not been so clear terms to me)
Thank you yes I will, I've set myself a goal to make a video a week but they take a long time to make so we will see how it goes. I will focus on quality over quantity anyway.
Another brilliant video. At uni we covered up to the end of the ice age into the earliest farming in the Levant and middle east but never took it any further and my own interest and research since has been further back into the Palaeolithic, so there's a huge gap in my knowledge from the end of the last ice age up to the arrival of the Celts. Videos like your latest series as well as the Orme mines one plus STJ's stuff on the period have really helped map out huge gaps in my knowledge. The idea of multiple disparate groups with different ways of life in particular fascinates me, would love to get in a time machine and see how the three peoples interacted. Looking forward to getting my teeth into Thunderer too, cheers for the vid
Thanks Jack! Great to hear that. There's a great book called After the Ice by Stephen Mithen that covers the whole world between the end of the ice age and the start of farming or thereabouts. For one focused on Europe there is a great book called The First Farmers of Europe by Stephen Shennan. Absolutely brilliant. A huge blank spot filled in for me, I highly recommend it. And I hope you enjoy Thunderer!
This is still so fascinating about megalithic structures. So, I'm a farmer, 6000 years ago clad in rags and furs using stone and wood tools. How do I put this 2 tonne stone on top of another upright 2 tonne stone? Apparently it's not that hard, because my culture does it over and over again.
Interesting to consider how the varying levels of assimilation [of genes, languages, mores, traditions, and knowledge] between the three European founder populations (HGs, EEFs, and Steppe Conquerers) would eventually coalesce/maturate into the great Indo-European civilizations of subsequent epochs. These events were truly transformational. Those early Bronze Age populations would never have imagined how monumentally impactful their interactions with one another would turn out to be.
My question is how did the HGs and the farmers become genetically distinct? Were they once one ethnic group that became isolated from each other for millennia? I find that hard to accept, because the European peninsula isn't that big. It seems to me that one of them had to have been a more recent immigrant group from either the Near East or Africa.
WHG were in Europe for about 40,000 years before EEF showed up. Also the entire Mediterranean was populated by what would be considered white people for thousands of years. More recently the Ancient European civilisations conquered and colonised North Africa and the Middle East repeatedly for almost 3000 years beginning with the sea peoples then the Persians then the Greeks then the Romans then the Germanic tribes then the crusaders… throw in the white captives stolen from Europe and taken to North Africa during the Barbary slave period and consider all of the movement from Europe into North Africa/Mid East it begins to make one question why no one ever speaks of North Africans and mid easterners as the products of European conquest/colonisation… There is certainly more evidence pointing towards this picture of things more closely resembling reality than the opposite..
You mentioned that they brought cereals with them. There is a paper that i read that described the flora of europe and its spreading. Could it be that ancient humans were following the flora? Its the theory that i think makes sense. Clearly these were people that were knowledgeable and sensitive to their flora given their attention to cereals and also livestock feeding. This would explain why as soon as the glaciers melted folks started spreading into those areas. Thanks for the videos.
The first novel to deal with the Funnelbeaker culture was The Time Traders by Andre Norton. Originally published in 1958. It's about an ex-con and an archaeologist who go back in time to the Funnelbeaker culture.
As far as i know from Prof Joh. Krause, the original hunter-gatherer had brown skin but ALL blue eyes. The then mixing in early farmers coming from anatolia had mostly brown eyes and dark hair - the now living north sardinians look most similar to them since they have 90% of that DNA. The Yamnaya are a mix of caucasus originated people with eastern hunter-gatherer and had mostly brown-fair hair and light eye color but not distinct to one color as the western hunter-gatherer. The europeans with the highest Yamnaya percentage today are the scandinavians. The germans, celts, italian, spanish, greek have also some Yamnaya part but less than the scandinavians.
Thanks Michael, I'm actually going to talk about this a bit in my next video, how the various types of Mesolithic Hunter Gatherers formed all these groups in various combinations. Yeah the Western Hunter Gatherers (WHG) all had blue eyes which is remarkable. The interesting thing I think is that the range of phenotypes appears quite early in the Neolithic and there are people with blonde hair and blue eyes in the earliest farming ethnic groups. Not as many as the brown haired people but they are there even in Anatolia. But that makes sense because the blondism comes ultimately from the Ancient North Eurasians who are ancestral to the Eastern Hunter Gatherers and Caucasus Hunter Gatherers. And yeah the Sardinians are most closely related to the Neolithic farmers. And the other thing is that phenotypes can and do change over time due to selection even without any introgression of outsider DNA. There's a website that lists pigmentation information from aDNA sources. They're listed in chronological order. You can see there two samples with blonde hair and blue eyes in Neolithic Anatolia 6500-6200 BC. genetiker.wordpress.com/pigmentation/
I believe these old Europeans were more advanced than what mainstream historians tell us. All we have to do is lidar scan all of Eurasia and Siberia to really see.
As far as I can tell the farmers here in Denmark were a continuation of the pottery using hunter gatherers who lived here first and then quickly adopted farming over only like 2 centuries. Odds were they did it for the beer. :P Then the steppe peoples seemed to have mixed in and assimilated pretty evenly, leading to the Solensfolk of the bronze age.
Also the collapse of the farmers has actually been linked to an eclipse accompanying other disasters. At Moesgaard Muesum they implied that it was actually the farmers in Nord Jylland who went back to hunting and fishing for a time and they were apparently an exceptionally hard folk for the time. There seems to have been a lot of chaos all over Europe during this period, and I’ve always gotten the impression that it started out internally(disease? Overpopulation? Enviromental change or collapse?)and that the horse nomads were opportunistically migrating in and mixing and warring thanks to the chaos as well as the advantages of their lifestyle.
As I said in the video they used to think that but archeogenetics has shown that isn't the case. The Ertebolle didn't adopt farming. New farmers moved in. But they declined due perhaps to climate change and the Pitted Ware hunter gatherers moved in from the north. Later Corded Ware people moved up from the south. There was mixing with the farmers and eventually with the hunter-gatherers. Sources are in the video description.
@@DanDavisHistory Yeah that was my point of confusion as I was under the previous impression that the first farmers were in fact the original hunter gatherers who just suddenly and rapidly adopted the farming way of life. That's a pretty good and concise breakdown of things there though, so I could be wrong or going off of outdated information as it's not a time I know particularly well compared to the Solensfolk in the Bronze Age and Viking times. We are talking on this on Facebook as well actually so thank you for your patience with me spamming you about this question lol. It's just such an interesting and mysterious period so far removed yet familiar to our own that I got really drawn in to this potential contradiction.
I agree with you, it is a fascinating time and place, I am completely amazed and enthralled by it. Researching Thunderer was a great experience, I wish to dive into it even more in future.
Thanks Eric, I will certainly do at least one video on that. The third book in this novel series will take us to Britain at the start of the Bell Beaker migration or invasion or whatever you could call it. So I will be doing videos about the Megalith culture and the Bell Beakers. The formation of the Bell Beaker culture is complicated isn't it but there is certainly an element of cultural continuity between the Funnelbeakers, the Corded Ware (Single Grave culture specifically I believe), and the Bell Beakers. I've read a hypothesis that the Funnelbeakers were beer brewers and this cult of sacred beer consumption is what continues through to the Bell Beakers. Much to discuss there!
Great video Dan! Yes the funnelbeakers were an interesting bunch of people alright! I think around the time the LBK culture collapses Danubian farmers in France are absorbed by cardial Mediterranean farmers who then push eastwards mixing with the ertebølle hunters of Northern Europe which resulted in the funnelbeakers becoming largely blonde and blue eyed.
@@DanDavisHistory a new article (august 2021) from david reich seems to imply that funnelbeakers and GAC cultures indeed derive most of their EEF ancestry from the lineage related to cardial ware culture of mediterrenean route. The idea is that the central european LBK descendent groups like jardanow and rivnac cultures were absorbed by the migrating cardial descended groups from the paris basin. GAC and FB seems to derive from northeast france. HG components of GAC and Funnelbaker were similar to each other but different from the HG components of Rivnac and Jardanow cultures. HG components of GAC and FB are relatively ancient (~5000 BCE) and probably related to southern france HGs. Cardial groups then migrated into north and encoutered the westernmost LBK around the Paris basin. (FB groups who went to denmark and scandinavia admixed further with northern HGs, scandinavian FBs carry around 40% HG DNA, while germany FBs are similar to GAC) So the direct central european descendents of LBK culture seems to have been mostly replaced by HG rich parisian groups from the west. GAC culture was very HG rich (around 25%). And (most of) this HG ancestry is not local to Poland but derives from the french HGs. To sum up, even before the WSH expansion some neolithic groups also seem to replace (and admix) with each other. (I personally think that later neolithic farmer groups might have been 'hijacked' by the local hunter gatherers and transformed and locally adapted to european cultural environment. My line of reasoning is that despite deriving most of their autosomal ancestry from anatolia (~70 percent), their Y chromosomes became almost completely (HG/I2a). So migrating farmers might have been hijacked by the fierce mobile HG males during some agricultural crises etc. Interestingly farmers of Cucuteni culture seem to have retained their Anatolian Y chromosomes until their demise)
Thanks, I will. Probably they'll tend to be between 10 and 20 mins. They're only supposed to be an introduction to the subject, not a deep dive into it but it depends on how much there is to say. Thanks for watching.
Open for suggestions ??? What about going down to the Baltic all the way thru the Karelian Peninsula, the last bastion where Finno - Ugrian/Indo - European (Arian) did somehow blend and survive. No wonder the Russ and any other did call them " Savages " !!!
A while back I read "The Walking Drum" by Louis La'Amour. It was historical fiction about merchant caravans of the middle ages. Historical fictions have just enough spice to shake the dust off and bring light (if slightly jaded) to the past.
Real Uncorrupted European History : Haplogroup R1b,R1a (Indigenous Europeans)(Basques, Gaels, Poles) Haplogroup I (Neolithic Indo European wave from Anatolia.Stone monuments, Polytheism, Pottery,Longhouses, Axes,Sailing ships)(Bosnians,Scandinavians,Sardinians) Haplogroup J2b (Bronze Age Indo European wave. Ancient Greece, Rome. Writing, Metallurgy) (Modern Cretans) And some lesser sporadic influxes of Haplogroup E (North Africa) and Haplogroup G (Western Caucasus) Every single word associated with agriculture in Europe is of Indo-European origin. There are also many maritime words as well such as "sail". Suggesting the Indo-Europeans were seafarers.. "Scythe" "Plough" "Wheat" "Bread" "Milk" "Cattle" "Goat" "Sheep" "Swine" "Wine" "Beer" "Mead" "Wool" "Hull" "Paddle" "Sail" "Axe" Every one of these words came from and with the Indo-Europeans....Suggesting the Indo-Europeans wrere synonymous with the advent of agriculture in the fertile crescent...
Ok, ok, I'll buy your book! ...But nah seriously great video, hehe, very informative and concise coverage of this culture. This history needs to be more widely taught and learned about to link us all to our deeper past, historical education is far too post-history-centric, heh.
Hello. Congratulations for your awesome channel. Are there any sources you could recommend on the topic of Indo-European clothing? Maybe books on the clothing found at Sintashta / Andronovo / Yamnaya / Afanasievo, etc archaeological sites?
Hello, thank you for your comment, this is any excellent question. Of course prehistoric clothing only survives in exceptional circumstances like the Tarim mummies. Another way is to look at artistic representations and historic accounts from the late Iron Age about descendant cultures of the steppe but of course that's far later. The best way actually is through linguistics combined with archeology. We know through archeology that sheep were vitally important and there are many reconstructed Proto-Indo-European words to do with the processing of wool so we know their clothing would have been largely made from wool. Linguistics suggests the steppe people used the band loom for their clothing whereas those that moved through Neolithic Europe adopted the warp weighted loom from the earlier settled people. They also knew how to felt wool which is an incredibly useful material that continued to be favoured across the steppe into modern times. They also used linen although to a far lesser extent - this makes sense because linen comes from flax. Although some steppe peoples did do some farming it was never extensive and they may have traded for linen with the settled peoples to the south. Of far greater importance perhaps unsurprisingly is leather. There are many words relating to the processing of animals skins. They had leather bags, leather straps. Perhaps leather cloaks. The PIE word for dye translates basically as "reddens" so we can assume they and probably the later steppe people wore a lot of red woollen clothing. We know also that they wore belts. There are so many words for plaiting that we can assume they favoured hair braids of various styles. Also they wore leather shoes, probably with an inner and an outer layer. Inner layer may have been felt. They may have had bast shoes too - made of stuff like tree bark. We can't really be very specific about the style of clothing because they don't have many words about it other than something that means "shroud" or similar. A big sheet of wool or leather. But some sort of simple blanket-like garment could be made into a tunic or simple shirt, or a kilt, or a cloak. And they had words for a headband so some of them wore a headband too, presumably leather. In my books I have them wearing woollen tunics, leather shoes, and cloaks of wool and animal skins, making full use of fur for warmth. The PIE dictionary by Mallory and Adams has this info. According to that book the main works on IE textiles are to be found in Barber (1975, 1991, 2001); see also Knobloch (1987b, 1992), Watkins (1969), and Driessen (2004).
@@DanDavisHistory hmm i don't see why if thw word for dye is reddens you would assume that it was red since red is a later word that means red and not dye. Very few things you can dye with make red coloured dye. Its pretty rare. Surely it is more likely that the word red came from the word Reddan to dye and that its meaning today as a bright colour of a warm hue comes from the influx and popularity of red reddens in later times. Because red is very uncommon as a dye in natural dye. It seems far more likely that redden meant dye and subsequently came to mean red when red dye became available. There is only one dye i can think of thats native to that part of the world that actually makes something close to a rusty red colour.
In Portugal We call it cultura do vaso campaniforme... Normally we say iberians mixed with celts and formed celtiberian clans. But there is a clear cultural diferences between the north and south of Portugal even though they were related.
I've only been watching several videos on this channel for a couple of weeks. Great and informative videos. Can you post a link to the THUNDER series you've mentioned a few times? I can't seem to find it in the search section.
6:25 where did you hear that? My half Irish grandmother use to say that all the time about Irish people; called them the “seal people,” and I never understood what exactly that meant since she never learned how to swim.
6:58 so I’m working on a grand historical fantasy epic video game series that I’m really looking forward to sharing with the world, I would love to get your opinion on it once it’s ready to start having games released for the series.
8:10 i know they’re protracted as blonde haired and blue eyed, but genetically there’s no way that red hair and green eyes didn’t become the most common traits for those features; because that’s what happens when you’re you mix pale, fair and light features with pail dark and slightly darker features, specifically ending up with a myriad of light tone eyes in every shade from grey-green to copper-amber.
Whatever/whoever inspired you to make these videos... it was pretty brilliant. I've only seen a few. But hearing all the thought and research behind them, I'm finding myself drawn to your books. I know one can't write about the time without considerable creative license. And something tells me I'd probably enjoy hearing yours. 🤔 Any recommended reading order? Or just as written/released?
Thanks! I will for sure but in a few months when I research the next book. Love your profile pic - I have Horatio Carey and his infamous banner in my novel Vampire Cavalier.
I'm curious, you usually depict genetic features on males (ex 8:15 ). Is this because the research was made through the Y chromosome or is this a personal preference?
The 2 questions raised as mysterious can be answered in One. The long hiatus to colonize the Scandinavian and Baltic coasts was caused not because the apparently neglectful proximity, but because they wasn't directly settled from Central European farmers LBK horizon through the vast barriers of swamps and marshlands _but from the almost parallel progression of the Western Mediterranean maritime farmers off the Cardial shell ceramic horizon _which came to dominate Western Europe (La Hoguette and Michelsberg cultures, genetically too) and absorbed within them the mentioned Western HG ancestry. But the maritime fishing skills displayed were not just acquired from these Mesolithics, because in their Mediterranean islands and coasts farming settlements have been found remains from marine species that required High Seas banks fishing expeditions, not just coastal netting. And as proven once they reached even far coasts in Portugal, Brittany and North France, once there, the expertise too for fast maritime settling of coastal farming, as required for the British islands and Scandinavia long relays settling which the Archaeological record displays.
Just out of curiosity, that photo of the villagers with the goats, where is that? Some sort of archaeology or ancient reconstructionist park in Denmark?
I'm still amazed with their white rather than Anatolian features. Looking more Sardinian or Basque makes sense to me. Yet look Nordic instead as Anatolian farmers. Which is interesting.
Well, Anatolian is "white", isn't it. Modern Europeans look how they do today because their genetics come from these people as well as the earlier WHG and later steppe herders. But yeah they would probably look a lot like Sardinians.
very interesting. more please. maybe consider a little longer outro to give us time to reach, grab our tablet, pause the video, give a comment and thumbs up, ya know ;)
Blond hair and fair skin is caused strongly influencing nativity at high latitudes and thus are enhanced. It's vitamine D that is too low for childbirth, due to lack of UVB radiation in dark skinned women. Even health is negatively effected for they who is borne, which recently been observed in the sars cov 2 pandemic. Laps and Inuites survive dark skin, because they have a diet rich in vitamine D. Blond hair and fair skin signals high fertility in women. That's why we men are attracted by it. For us Scandinavians it even signal members of our own tribe. Neanderthals was red haired and propably fair skinned and Europeans have a lot of Neanderthal genes. This may be a source of the appearance.
Yeah the Vitamin D hypothesis is interesting, it makes intuitive sense and that may well be part of it but there's no real evidence for it. There's a paper about it here: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/exd.14142
@@DanDavisHistory there is proof of what i wrote. There in no proof of the reason for blond hair and and fair skin mentioned in the video. Scandinavia is most northern farmed region in the world. Farmers can't reproduce well here if they don't have fair skin and eat a diet rich in vitamine d in the winter. Until modern days, Scandinavians have known they must eat eating seal, fat fish, sea birds and fish liver in the winter, earlier even reindeer meat. If there is completing forces in the direction of fair skin, I don't know. But one possible cause of it is that people lived in underground cities, that have been discovered. Dark skin is only favourable where there is enough vitamin d from the environment.
my family grandparents were three Scandinavians: two pure Norwegians and one Swede. Blondes and twins predominate in our gene pool, and we have had twins in every generation as far back as we remember. Yes, I know twins follow the female line, while the sex is male determined. Buddy went to Sweden and commented on how beautiful the people were.
You can use this line, Funnel beaker men prefer blondes 😂, i think that if they did not, there would have been no option, like for spanish men in colonial Mexico with local women
One writer to another, I wanna ask how you decided on the names of the different Bronze Age cultures. I could never decide on my own, outside of what is recorded, like the "Achaeans". How do you handle yours?
That's a great question. Red hair is so interesting. It was around for quite a while in very low numbers for thousands of years in European populations but it only became common in Scotland/Ireland due to founder effects. It seems to be related to populations with high numbers of the R1b Y-haplogroup. This is associated - perhaps - with the Bell Beaker people.
No, they came later but were in part descended from the Funnelbeaker. Corded Ware culture + Funnelbeaker culture = Single Grave culture (a "Danish" version of the Corded Ware culture of northern Europe) Later the Single Grave Culture became the Bell Beaker culture that spread culturally and demographically throughout western Europe including the British Isles. It is confusing I agree.
Only problem I have is the way you claim with certainty the oxen and plough on a beaker means it was something spiritual. If there’s stripes and circles on it you would not say that they did that for a spiritual reason. I don’t say you’re wrong but they could have just drawn what they knew on their stuff. Early hello kitty stuff.
So me and my daughter are proud funnelbeakers. But she just got squirt of Uralic people inside her, thanks to her Russian mum. And God knows what went on genetically in Eastern Prussia, my ancestral home land.
I had a long string of broken relationships and one day decided to make a list of priorities, ended up online dating and met a girl from Denmark. Long story made short we moved to South Sweden , me from the West Coast and her from Denmark. One Yule we were gathered with family and an uncle asked if I knew my dad’s grandparents had came to USA from about an hour away????? WHAT??!!! 🙀😱 It turned out my family partly originated from about 15 minutes away from the city my wife lived in when we MET!!!!!! I had found my way home.
In their origin they held some the original Indo-European genetics. They eventually, in their migrations, mixed with the original highly melanated hunter-gatherer populations. Over time, those hunter-gatherer genes dissipated without continued input, eventually becoming recessive.
It's neither Neolithic nor Bronze Age, but Aeneolthic or Kupferzeit as they call it in German. I've noticed Anglo-Saxon archaeology doesn't use this term, but it's extensively used in Central Europe as this period lasted for 2000 years and brought about some major changes in subsistence and technology such as copper smelting, nucleation of family and use of plogh to name a few. In Eastern Europe and Near East a term Chalcolithic is being used for this time period, but it its dating there is much earlier than in Central Europe.
What is told To us, might be not very certain… I don’t take fir certain that ideia of convergente of different traits of caucasian from diferent kind of race. All these traits are recessive, so, in mix it would all disvanish. Can’t be. Yamnaia, indo-europeian came from european hunter-gatherers. That’s their starting origin.
Intelligence helped people survive the cold. The farther north they settled, the higher the IQ has been documented in their descendents. The simplest live at the equator although they are far from dumb.
If you enjoy this video, watch the next episode in the series here: ua-cam.com/video/_rspqObP2yg/v-deo.html
I jave been waitikng for this.
Daaam davis imma have to buy your book 😂😂 I do think it is interesting that we place names onto these people whose languages and names for themselves and their things are no where near what we could understand
Enjoy your videos, however this one a salient error is your claim that DNA evidence disproves the 'hunter-gatherer adoption' mode;. Quite the contrary, that is what the data exactly shows - northern FBC represents hunter-gatherers interacting with farmers across a broad front with Farmers, then adapting aspects of agriculture. The 'out of Michelsberg' unilinear models fails genetically & archaeologically
blood type A is known as the the agarian-farmer-cultivator. type O is the oldest and is the paleo-hunter-gatherer and warrior
make a video on Komsa Culture
This is my favourite culture because they built the Hunebedden. My grandparents often took me to see them and it always impressed me.
@1EY3King interesting rock formations, like dolmen.
Google has a detailed explanation. I guess Wikipedia would not be biased, in this case, either, so it's probably safe to believe Wikipedia's information, for this sort of thing.
I find them interesting because one of their settlements was located in what is now Flintbek in Schleswig-Holstein, which is actually where i grew up. That particular dig site is also the site of the oldest direct evidence of wheel use in the history of mankind (though indirect evidence from mesopotamia goes back even further). These tracks were dated to around 3400BCE, meaning people there have been using the wheel for at least 5400 years.
I have a video on the dolmens on my channel :)
It's nice that all those archaeologists and historians have not worked in vain, and now on UA-cam we are treated to audiovisual treatments of their findings. I enjoyed this, thanks.
Another interesting detail: The Funnel Beaker Culture has been using the wheel since at least 3400BCE. The oldest wheel tracks in the world were found in Schleswig-Holstein, near Flintbek (which is probably why it's marked on the map at 1:47)
Nice introduction. The basic farmhouse design, with thatched roofs, still exist in this area. The biggest change is that wattle and daub is replaced with brick and the three room partition is reorganised. They average around 40 meters in length and are referred to as Saxon farms, however they are a historical continuity from the TRB culture to this day. In some rare cases the megaliths are still on the same property. By the way, you can combine the Swifterbant with the Ertebølle they are the same people just classified different by modern regional archeologists.
Thank you. I've spoken elsewhere in comments somewhere on this channel about the cultural continuity of these longhouses. As for the modern national divisions in the archeology of this area yeah I've been reading a bit of Rune Iversen who talks about this. I'm just using whatever images I can find.
Incredibly interesting.
I live near Nebra in southern Saxony-Anhalt. There are some preserved hen graves and menhire here. Such longhouses are still typical buildings here. They mostly serve as storage rooms for food, cattle fodder, tools and other goods. I guess they also served as cattle sheds at that time. Genetic traces of the people who lived here can be found in princely tombs all over Germany. In the sky disc there is tin and gold from Cornwall and copper from Hallstadt (Salzburger Land).
Aunjetitz culture
True. I visited the 'Hunebedcentrum' museum in Borger, Netherlands some years ago. Next to the region's longest longbarrow they have rebuilt longhouses from various periods you mention in your series. Interestingly, a modern farmhouse just outside the fence looked just the same except it was made of brick.
I grew up in Bronneger, a tiny cluster of farmhouses just north of Borger. Many burial mounds (tumuli) visible everywhere, more dolmen graves near Bronneger and Drouwen. It's such a rich area. And indeed, the farmhouse that my parents restored in the 1980s was essentially a stone longhouse. In the 1980s the big dolmen in Borger and its immediate surroundings was a popular hangout for us. @@Danielhake
My master thesis was on TRB in Eastern Bohemia. I was really fascinated by TRB as well as Bell Beakers while studying Archaeology.
Wonderful, thanks for watching. The more I read about these peoples the more fascinated I become.
Where did the names for these peoples come from? I.e. funnelbeaker.
Lol, the funnel part was just answered.
I haven't read your books but I like your videos. You have become a master, fusing history with possible possibilities. Onto the corded ware people, DNA is a story teller.
Until watching this video this history has been really hard to get a grip on. Like, I had no idea that agriculture was introduced this early in northern Europe. And the steppe herders arriving making it more complicated still. Thank you!
That's great, thank you. It is complicated isn't it, especially periods where great change happens quickly, it's hard to pin down what's happened.
@@DanDavisHistory I have heard all the terms before, Funnelbeaker, Corded Ware, SHG, EHG, WHG, Yamnaya, Battle Axe Culture. But never coherently like this, it has been impossible for me to put it together. Really love your videos and gonna buy books from you, great work!
(Maybe Bell Beaker and Pitted Ware have not been so clear terms to me)
@@DanDavisHistory And Francis Drake was a pirate!
He was a magnificent pirate. Hope you enjoy the stories, Martin, cheers.
Stirring speech: "What we do this day shall never be forgotten!"
*Actual future: named after your crockery*
lol
They call me mad, but one day when the history of France is written, they will mark my name well... Sidney Applebaum!
That's just how things go sometimes...
@@lakrids-pibe Everyone will know the story of Louis and Clark and Tweedleburger!
People in the far future will call us the plastic culture.
great work Dan!
Thank you! Much appreciated.
Perhaps a collab/jive talk ?
Translate to English 🤣👌🏻
Currently @P#207 in Godborn. So far, so good! You are definitely a gifted story teller. A first rate Raconteur!
Wonderful, thank you very much. Glad you're enjoying the story.
This is excellent. I appreciate that you're a man of letters, but I hope you continue creating here too.
Thank you yes I will, I've set myself a goal to make a video a week but they take a long time to make so we will see how it goes. I will focus on quality over quantity anyway.
@@DanDavisHistory That's awesome. Nobody else is doing this era quite this well, and I look forward to reading your books. Patreoned. Cheers, Ben.
Wonderful, thank you! I shall be creating exclusive Patreon content shortly. 🙏
Fantastic videos, covering the bronze age peoples of Europe. I like it a lot!
Thank you! We will be covering the peoples of the Third Millennium BC in Europe and the Near East.
2:40, Chris Pine was a stone-age hunter-gatherer.
Loving everything you're putting out my guy. Keep it coming.
Thank you, I will do! I appreciate your support.
With a narrators voice like that I want to hear you talk about "all" the people's of the bronze age. Please sir may I have another??
There will be many more.
Another brilliant video. At uni we covered up to the end of the ice age into the earliest farming in the Levant and middle east but never took it any further and my own interest and research since has been further back into the Palaeolithic, so there's a huge gap in my knowledge from the end of the last ice age up to the arrival of the Celts. Videos like your latest series as well as the Orme mines one plus STJ's stuff on the period have really helped map out huge gaps in my knowledge. The idea of multiple disparate groups with different ways of life in particular fascinates me, would love to get in a time machine and see how the three peoples interacted. Looking forward to getting my teeth into Thunderer too, cheers for the vid
Thanks Jack! Great to hear that. There's a great book called After the Ice by Stephen Mithen that covers the whole world between the end of the ice age and the start of farming or thereabouts. For one focused on Europe there is a great book called The First Farmers of Europe by Stephen Shennan. Absolutely brilliant. A huge blank spot filled in for me, I highly recommend it. And I hope you enjoy Thunderer!
@@DanDavisHistory have added them both to my to-read pile cheers
You're welcome. I had a little read of After the Ice today, writing the script for the next video on the Pitted Ware. It's well good.
This is still so fascinating about megalithic structures. So, I'm a farmer, 6000 years ago clad in rags and furs using stone and wood tools. How do I put this 2 tonne stone on top of another upright 2 tonne stone? Apparently it's not that hard, because my culture does it over and over again.
Right! Where TF does that kind of engineering skill come from?
@@SchoolforHackersFertile Crescent. They had the know how all along, like Egyptians since Nabta Playa
Interesting to consider how the varying levels of assimilation [of genes, languages, mores, traditions, and knowledge] between the three European founder populations (HGs, EEFs, and Steppe Conquerers) would eventually coalesce/maturate into the great Indo-European civilizations of subsequent epochs. These events were truly transformational.
Those early Bronze Age populations would never have imagined how monumentally impactful their interactions with one another would turn out to be.
My question is how did the HGs and the farmers become genetically distinct? Were they once one ethnic group that became isolated from each other for millennia? I find that hard to accept, because the European peninsula isn't that big. It seems to me that one of them had to have been a more recent immigrant group from either the Near East or Africa.
@@juliancate7089 the farmers were from Anatolia, they migrated to Europe and brought agriculture with them.
WHG were in Europe for about 40,000 years before EEF showed up. Also the entire Mediterranean was populated by what would be considered white people for thousands of years. More recently the Ancient European civilisations conquered and colonised North Africa and the Middle East repeatedly for almost 3000 years beginning with the sea peoples then the Persians then the Greeks then the Romans then the Germanic tribes then the crusaders… throw in the white captives stolen from Europe and taken to North Africa during the Barbary slave period and consider all of the movement from Europe into North Africa/Mid East it begins to make one question why no one ever speaks of North Africans and mid easterners as the products of European conquest/colonisation… There is certainly more evidence pointing towards this picture of things more closely resembling reality than the opposite..
My first exposure to the Funnelbeaker culture was in an Andre Norton SF novel.
Nice. Thanks Dan Davis. These are really informative. Love it.
Thanks for your support, Bro, I appreciate it. Looking forward to your next video.
Don't have much time to read archeology these days. I really appreciate your factual and objective style.
You mentioned that they brought cereals with them. There is a paper that i read that described the flora of europe and its spreading. Could it be that ancient humans were following the flora? Its the theory that i think makes sense. Clearly these were people that were knowledgeable and sensitive to their flora given their attention to cereals and also livestock feeding. This would explain why as soon as the glaciers melted folks started spreading into those areas. Thanks for the videos.
The first novel to deal with the Funnelbeaker culture was The Time Traders by Andre Norton. Originally published in 1958. It's about an ex-con and an archaeologist who go back in time to the Funnelbeaker culture.
Oh yes I recall it.
@@SchoolforHackers I do too. I got it for Christmas when I was in high school. She wrote two sequels to it. I also read the first sequel.
As far as i know from Prof Joh. Krause, the original hunter-gatherer had brown skin but ALL blue eyes. The then mixing in early farmers coming from anatolia had mostly brown eyes and dark hair - the now living north sardinians look most similar to them since they have 90% of that DNA. The Yamnaya are a mix of caucasus originated people with eastern hunter-gatherer and had mostly brown-fair hair and light eye color but not distinct to one color as the western hunter-gatherer. The europeans with the highest Yamnaya percentage today are the scandinavians. The germans, celts, italian, spanish, greek have also some Yamnaya part but less than the scandinavians.
Thanks Michael, I'm actually going to talk about this a bit in my next video, how the various types of Mesolithic Hunter Gatherers formed all these groups in various combinations.
Yeah the Western Hunter Gatherers (WHG) all had blue eyes which is remarkable. The interesting thing I think is that the range of phenotypes appears quite early in the Neolithic and there are people with blonde hair and blue eyes in the earliest farming ethnic groups. Not as many as the brown haired people but they are there even in Anatolia. But that makes sense because the blondism comes ultimately from the Ancient North Eurasians who are ancestral to the Eastern Hunter Gatherers and Caucasus Hunter Gatherers.
And yeah the Sardinians are most closely related to the Neolithic farmers. And the other thing is that phenotypes can and do change over time due to selection even without any introgression of outsider DNA.
There's a website that lists pigmentation information from aDNA sources. They're listed in chronological order. You can see there two samples with blonde hair and blue eyes in Neolithic Anatolia 6500-6200 BC.
genetiker.wordpress.com/pigmentation/
@@DanDavisHistory O good, there can always be drift. The connection of light hair color to Ancient Northeurasians is new to me. Thanks.
I believe these old Europeans were more advanced than what mainstream historians tell us. All we have to do is lidar scan all of Eurasia and Siberia to really see.
As far as I can tell the farmers here in Denmark were a continuation of the pottery using hunter gatherers who lived here first and then quickly adopted farming over only like 2 centuries. Odds were they did it for the beer. :P
Then the steppe peoples seemed to have mixed in and assimilated pretty evenly, leading to the Solensfolk of the bronze age.
Also the collapse of the farmers has actually been linked to an eclipse accompanying other disasters. At Moesgaard Muesum they implied that it was actually the farmers in Nord Jylland who went back to hunting and fishing for a time and they were apparently an exceptionally hard folk for the time. There seems to have been a lot of chaos all over Europe during this period, and I’ve always gotten the impression that it started out internally(disease? Overpopulation? Enviromental change or collapse?)and that the horse nomads were opportunistically migrating in and mixing and warring thanks to the chaos as well as the advantages of their lifestyle.
As I said in the video they used to think that but archeogenetics has shown that isn't the case. The Ertebolle didn't adopt farming. New farmers moved in. But they declined due perhaps to climate change and the Pitted Ware hunter gatherers moved in from the north. Later Corded Ware people moved up from the south. There was mixing with the farmers and eventually with the hunter-gatherers. Sources are in the video description.
@@DanDavisHistory Yeah that was my point of confusion as I was under the previous impression that the first farmers were in fact the original hunter gatherers who just suddenly and rapidly adopted the farming way of life. That's a pretty good and concise breakdown of things there though, so I could be wrong or going off of outdated information as it's not a time I know particularly well compared to the Solensfolk in the Bronze Age and Viking times.
We are talking on this on Facebook as well actually so thank you for your patience with me spamming you about this question lol. It's just such an interesting and mysterious period so far removed yet familiar to our own that I got really drawn in to this potential contradiction.
I agree with you, it is a fascinating time and place, I am completely amazed and enthralled by it. Researching Thunderer was a great experience, I wish to dive into it even more in future.
Where can I find informations on the sun people?
I would love to hear your presentation on the Western bell beakers and their relationship to the corded Ware and their penetration into Great Britain.
Thanks Eric, I will certainly do at least one video on that. The third book in this novel series will take us to Britain at the start of the Bell Beaker migration or invasion or whatever you could call it. So I will be doing videos about the Megalith culture and the Bell Beakers. The formation of the Bell Beaker culture is complicated isn't it but there is certainly an element of cultural continuity between the Funnelbeakers, the Corded Ware (Single Grave culture specifically I believe), and the Bell Beakers. I've read a hypothesis that the Funnelbeakers were beer brewers and this cult of sacred beer consumption is what continues through to the Bell Beakers. Much to discuss there!
@@DanDavisHistory
Sacred beer consumption still carried on in Britain today....
Excellent video. It's not normally my period of history, but it's obvious you put a lot of research into these.
Great video Dan!
Yes the funnelbeakers were an interesting bunch of people alright! I think around the time the LBK culture collapses Danubian farmers in France are absorbed by cardial Mediterranean farmers who then push eastwards mixing with the ertebølle hunters of Northern Europe which resulted in the funnelbeakers becoming largely blonde and blue eyed.
Thank you! Yes you may be right. As more samples are obtained and analysed we should keep getting a clearer picture of this period.
@@DanDavisHistory a new article (august 2021) from david reich seems to imply that funnelbeakers and GAC cultures indeed derive most of their EEF ancestry from the lineage related to cardial ware culture of mediterrenean route. The idea is that the central european LBK descendent groups like jardanow and rivnac cultures were absorbed by the migrating cardial descended groups from the paris basin. GAC and FB seems to derive from northeast france.
HG components of GAC and Funnelbaker were similar to each other but different from the HG components of Rivnac and Jardanow cultures. HG components of GAC and FB are relatively ancient (~5000 BCE) and probably related to southern france HGs. Cardial groups then migrated into north and encoutered the westernmost LBK around the Paris basin. (FB groups who went to denmark and scandinavia admixed further with northern HGs, scandinavian FBs carry around 40% HG DNA, while germany FBs are similar to GAC)
So the direct central european descendents of LBK culture seems to have been mostly replaced by HG rich parisian groups from the west. GAC culture was very HG rich (around 25%). And (most of) this HG ancestry is not local to Poland but derives from the french HGs. To sum up, even before the WSH expansion some neolithic groups also seem to replace (and admix) with each other.
(I personally think that later neolithic farmer groups might have been 'hijacked' by the local hunter gatherers and transformed and locally adapted to european cultural environment. My line of reasoning is that despite deriving most of their autosomal ancestry from anatolia (~70 percent), their Y chromosomes became almost completely (HG/I2a). So migrating farmers might have been hijacked by the fierce mobile HG males during some agricultural crises etc. Interestingly farmers of Cucuteni culture seem to have retained their Anatolian Y chromosomes until their demise)
The funnelbeaker ladies are adorable from what you present 🙂
Dan, I cant thank you enough
I enjoy your videos so much that I started reading Godborn.
Wonderful, I hope you enjoy the story.
I hope you do more of these short documentary I have a short attention span👍💓🇺🇸
Thanks, I will. Probably they'll tend to be between 10 and 20 mins. They're only supposed to be an introduction to the subject, not a deep dive into it but it depends on how much there is to say. Thanks for watching.
Open for suggestions ??? What about going down to the Baltic all the way thru the Karelian Peninsula, the last bastion where Finno - Ugrian/Indo - European (Arian) did somehow blend and survive. No wonder the Russ and any other did call them " Savages " !!!
A while back I read "The Walking Drum" by Louis La'Amour. It was historical fiction about merchant caravans of the middle ages.
Historical fictions have just enough spice to shake the dust off and bring light (if slightly jaded) to the past.
Real Uncorrupted European History :
Haplogroup R1b,R1a (Indigenous Europeans)(Basques, Gaels, Poles)
Haplogroup I (Neolithic Indo European wave from Anatolia.Stone monuments, Polytheism, Pottery,Longhouses, Axes,Sailing ships)(Bosnians,Scandinavians,Sardinians)
Haplogroup J2b (Bronze Age Indo European wave. Ancient Greece, Rome. Writing, Metallurgy) (Modern Cretans)
And some lesser sporadic influxes of Haplogroup E (North Africa) and Haplogroup G (Western Caucasus)
Every single word associated with agriculture in Europe is of Indo-European origin. There are also many maritime words as well such as "sail". Suggesting the Indo-Europeans were seafarers..
"Scythe"
"Plough"
"Wheat"
"Bread"
"Milk"
"Cattle"
"Goat"
"Sheep"
"Swine"
"Wine"
"Beer"
"Mead"
"Wool"
"Hull"
"Paddle"
"Sail"
"Axe"
Every one of these words came from and with the Indo-Europeans....Suggesting the Indo-Europeans wrere synonymous with the advent of agriculture in the fertile crescent...
Ok, ok, I'll buy your book! ...But nah seriously great video, hehe, very informative and concise coverage of this culture. This history needs to be more widely taught and learned about to link us all to our deeper past, historical education is far too post-history-centric, heh.
Great stuff
Hello. Congratulations for your awesome channel. Are there any sources you could recommend on the topic of Indo-European clothing? Maybe books on the clothing found at Sintashta / Andronovo / Yamnaya / Afanasievo, etc archaeological sites?
Hello, thank you for your comment, this is any excellent question. Of course prehistoric clothing only survives in exceptional circumstances like the Tarim mummies. Another way is to look at artistic representations and historic accounts from the late Iron Age about descendant cultures of the steppe but of course that's far later. The best way actually is through linguistics combined with archeology.
We know through archeology that sheep were vitally important and there are many reconstructed Proto-Indo-European words to do with the processing of wool so we know their clothing would have been largely made from wool. Linguistics suggests the steppe people used the band loom for their clothing whereas those that moved through Neolithic Europe adopted the warp weighted loom from the earlier settled people.
They also knew how to felt wool which is an incredibly useful material that continued to be favoured across the steppe into modern times.
They also used linen although to a far lesser extent - this makes sense because linen comes from flax. Although some steppe peoples did do some farming it was never extensive and they may have traded for linen with the settled peoples to the south.
Of far greater importance perhaps unsurprisingly is leather. There are many words relating to the processing of animals skins. They had leather bags, leather straps. Perhaps leather cloaks.
The PIE word for dye translates basically as "reddens" so we can assume they and probably the later steppe people wore a lot of red woollen clothing.
We know also that they wore belts. There are so many words for plaiting that we can assume they favoured hair braids of various styles. Also they wore leather shoes, probably with an inner and an outer layer. Inner layer may have been felt. They may have had bast shoes too - made of stuff like tree bark.
We can't really be very specific about the style of clothing because they don't have many words about it other than something that means "shroud" or similar. A big sheet of wool or leather. But some sort of simple blanket-like garment could be made into a tunic or simple shirt, or a kilt, or a cloak.
And they had words for a headband so some of them wore a headband too, presumably leather.
In my books I have them wearing woollen tunics, leather shoes, and cloaks of wool and animal skins, making full use of fur for warmth.
The PIE dictionary by Mallory and Adams has this info. According to that book the main works on IE textiles are to be found in Barber (1975, 1991, 2001); see also Knobloch (1987b, 1992), Watkins (1969), and Driessen (2004).
Thank you very much for your expedite and thorough response. It is extremely valuable information for my line of research. I'll stay tuned!
You're welcome.
@@DanDavisHistory hmm i don't see why if thw word for dye is reddens you would assume that it was red since red is a later word that means red and not dye. Very few things you can dye with make red coloured dye. Its pretty rare. Surely it is more likely that the word red came from the word Reddan to dye and that its meaning today as a bright colour of a warm hue comes from the influx and popularity of red reddens in later times. Because red is very uncommon as a dye in natural dye. It seems far more likely that redden meant dye and subsequently came to mean red when red dye became available. There is only one dye i can think of thats native to that part of the world that actually makes something close to a rusty red colour.
In Portugal We call it cultura do vaso campaniforme... Normally we say iberians mixed with celts and formed celtiberian clans. But there is a clear cultural diferences between the north and south of Portugal even though they were related.
Cultura do Vaso Campaniforme is Bell Beaker, not Funnelbeaker
I appreciate you saying " we don't know " thanks
Great vid, earned a sub from Canada !
Thank you, I hope you enjoy the videos.
Wonderful Videos
I've only been watching several videos on this channel for a couple of weeks. Great and informative videos. Can you post a link to the THUNDER series you've mentioned a few times? I can't seem to find it in the search section.
Thank you. I was talking about my historical fantasy novel Thunderer: Gods of Bronze 2.
Interesting video. Thank you for sharing.
6:25 where did you hear that? My half Irish grandmother use to say that all the time about Irish people; called them the “seal people,” and I never understood what exactly that meant since she never learned how to swim.
6:58 so I’m working on a grand historical fantasy epic video game series that I’m really looking forward to sharing with the world, I would love to get your opinion on it once it’s ready to start having games released for the series.
8:10 i know they’re protracted as blonde haired and blue eyed, but genetically there’s no way that red hair and green eyes didn’t become the most common traits for those features; because that’s what happens when you’re you mix pale, fair and light features with pail dark and slightly darker features, specifically ending up with a myriad of light tone eyes in every shade from grey-green to copper-amber.
Whatever/whoever inspired you to make these videos... it was pretty brilliant. I've only seen a few. But hearing all the thought and research behind them, I'm finding myself drawn to your books. I know one can't write about the time without considerable creative license. And something tells me I'd probably enjoy hearing yours. 🤔
Any recommended reading order? Or just as written/released?
Thank you!
The prequel - The Wolf God (you can skip this if you wish)
Book 1 - Godborn
Book 2 - Thunderer
@@DanDavisHistory - Ah! Thank you sir. All the best. 🍻
And to you!
Excellent thank you for sharing
Glad you enjoyed it.
Excellent video! Will you be doing a video on the bell beaker culture?
Thanks! I will for sure but in a few months when I research the next book. Love your profile pic - I have Horatio Carey and his infamous banner in my novel Vampire Cavalier.
@@DanDavisHistory thank you
This is a great series !.
Fun fact: it is rather probable that the Funnelbeakers gave us the word “goat”, I think.
In what order did all these different groups arrive in Europe? confusing to me. I also bought the wolf god book, can't wait to give it a read.
I'm curious, you usually depict genetic features on males (ex 8:15 ). Is this because the research was made through the Y chromosome or is this a personal preference?
Perhaps the Oera Linda could show some light about it.
The 2 questions raised as mysterious can be answered in One.
The long hiatus to colonize the Scandinavian and Baltic coasts was caused not because the apparently neglectful proximity, but because they wasn't directly settled from Central European farmers LBK horizon through the vast barriers of swamps and marshlands _but from the almost parallel progression of the Western Mediterranean maritime farmers off the Cardial shell ceramic horizon _which came to dominate Western Europe (La Hoguette and Michelsberg cultures, genetically too) and absorbed within them the mentioned Western HG ancestry. But the maritime fishing skills displayed were not just acquired from these Mesolithics, because in their Mediterranean islands and coasts farming settlements have been found remains from marine species that required High Seas banks fishing expeditions, not just coastal netting. And as proven once they reached even far coasts in Portugal, Brittany and North France, once there, the expertise too for fast maritime settling of coastal farming, as required for the British islands and Scandinavia long relays settling which the Archaeological record displays.
Nice work!
Thank you!
Dan, have you "done" something like "Hyperborea" or any other Paradisical or Heavenly area?
Just out of curiosity, that photo of the villagers with the goats, where is that? Some sort of archaeology or ancient reconstructionist park in Denmark?
Yes it is from an archeological reconstruction park in Denmark.
@@DanDavisHistory Very cool. Will consider visiting it on my next trip to Europe. Looks like it's called Sagnlandet Lejre. (Land of Legends)
I'm still amazed with their white rather than Anatolian features. Looking more Sardinian or Basque makes sense to me. Yet look Nordic instead as Anatolian farmers. Which is interesting.
Well, Anatolian is "white", isn't it. Modern Europeans look how they do today because their genetics come from these people as well as the earlier WHG and later steppe herders. But yeah they would probably look a lot like Sardinians.
@@DanDavisHistory well the skullshape would of been related
Marilyn was a natural brunette
They probably had to move due to flooding or redirecting of a major water source, i.e. a river suddenly rerouting
I love this stuff!
Just so I understand the ethnography, the FBC are non Indo-European, right?
The FBC are non indo-european.
Good stuff man. Consider me subbed cuz I just did B) I love a good history channel
Thank you very much, I hope you enjoy the videos.
Whats your feelings on survive the jive man
I watch his videos. I like the ones on the gods most but it's all interesting.
When will book 3 of Gods of bronze be available on Audible?
very interesting. more please. maybe consider a little longer outro to give us time to reach, grab our tablet, pause the video, give a comment and thumbs up, ya know ;)
Are the scandinavian hunter gatherers where haplogroup I2 originated?
interesting.
You say they moovedrapidly through the danish Islands to southern scandinavia….Denmark is part of scandinavia Finland is not( Denmark, Norway,sweden)
Descendant of this lot 🙂
were Funnelbeaker people related to megalithic cultures in Britain and elsewhere?
Yeah, the Funnelbeaker built megaliths
Also British Neolithic and Funnelbeaker began at about the same time
8:21 - Your photo does not show a blond-haired woman. Her hair is colored blonde over dark roots.
????
Blond hair and fair skin is caused strongly influencing nativity at high latitudes and thus are enhanced. It's vitamine D that is too low for childbirth, due to lack of UVB radiation in dark skinned women. Even health is negatively effected for they who is borne, which recently been observed in the sars cov 2 pandemic. Laps and Inuites survive dark skin, because they have a diet rich in vitamine D. Blond hair and fair skin signals high fertility in women. That's why we men are attracted by it. For us Scandinavians it even signal members of our own tribe. Neanderthals was red haired and propably fair skinned and Europeans have a lot of Neanderthal genes. This may be a source of the appearance.
Yeah the Vitamin D hypothesis is interesting, it makes intuitive sense and that may well be part of it but there's no real evidence for it. There's a paper about it here: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/exd.14142
@@DanDavisHistory there is proof of what i wrote. There in no proof of the reason for blond hair and and fair skin mentioned in the video. Scandinavia is most northern farmed region in the world. Farmers can't reproduce well here if they don't have fair skin and eat a diet rich in vitamine d in the winter. Until modern days, Scandinavians have known they must eat eating seal, fat fish, sea birds and fish liver in the winter, earlier even reindeer meat. If there is completing forces in the direction of fair skin, I don't know. But one possible cause of it is that people lived in underground cities, that have been discovered. Dark skin is only favourable where there is enough vitamin d from the environment.
Horses are sacred for them?
No they weren't a horse culture but the oncoming Corded Ware culture brought them into the region.
Thank you
my family grandparents were three Scandinavians: two pure Norwegians and one Swede. Blondes and twins predominate in our gene pool, and we have had twins in every generation as far back as we remember. Yes, I know twins follow the female line, while the sex is male determined. Buddy went to Sweden and commented on how beautiful the people were.
You can use this line, Funnel beaker men prefer blondes 😂, i think that if they did not, there would have been no option, like for spanish men in colonial Mexico with local women
this is the best kind of shameless plug :) ...........i gonna buy one of your books
One writer to another, I wanna ask how you decided on the names of the different Bronze Age cultures. I could never decide on my own, outside of what is recorded, like the "Achaeans". How do you handle yours?
great stuff !
Do you have your book on audible?
Yes I do. Here is the first one - book 2 is coming out in a couple of weeks:
www.audible.com/pd/Godborn-Audiobook/1774247860
@@DanDavisHistory thanks. That was a very prompt response.
You're welcome. I hope you enjoy the story.
@@DanDavisHistory is there a prehistoric culture genetically associated with the introduction of red hair to Europe.
That's a great question. Red hair is so interesting. It was around for quite a while in very low numbers for thousands of years in European populations but it only became common in Scotland/Ireland due to founder effects. It seems to be related to populations with high numbers of the R1b Y-haplogroup. This is associated - perhaps - with the Bell Beaker people.
You use a modern European map while, for example, the Netherlands looked totally different in those times.
It was ancient gene splicing and animal husbandry
is this the same culture as the bell beaker culture?
No, that's the Bell Beaker culture. This is the Funnelbeaker culture.
@@DanDavisHistory lol thank you for answering my dumbest question, i love your videos!!!!!
Crazy good.
Are these people the same as "the beaker culture"? This era confuses me lol
No, they came later but were in part descended from the Funnelbeaker.
Corded Ware culture + Funnelbeaker culture = Single Grave culture (a "Danish" version of the Corded Ware culture of northern Europe)
Later the Single Grave Culture became the Bell Beaker culture that spread culturally and demographically throughout western Europe including the British Isles.
It is confusing I agree.
Only problem I have is the way you claim with certainty the oxen and plough on a beaker means it was something spiritual. If there’s stripes and circles on it you would not say that they did that for a spiritual reason. I don’t say you’re wrong but they could have just drawn what they knew on their stuff. Early hello kitty stuff.
The 'early Hello Kitty' made me laugh out loud. 😅
- Hello Kitty Fan
So me and my daughter are proud funnelbeakers. But she just got squirt of Uralic people inside her, thanks to her Russian mum. And God knows what went on genetically in Eastern Prussia, my ancestral home land.
DNA doesn't impart knowledge. It reveals lineage. Experience imparts knowledge.
If I recall correctly, being an old guy, Marilyn Monroe was not a 'real' blonde -
I had a long string of broken relationships and one day decided to make a list of priorities, ended up online dating and met a girl from Denmark. Long story made short we moved to South Sweden , me from the West Coast and her from Denmark. One Yule we were gathered with family and an uncle asked if I knew my dad’s grandparents had came to USA from about an hour away????? WHAT??!!! 🙀😱 It turned out my family partly originated from about 15 minutes away from the city my wife lived in when we MET!!!!!! I had found my way home.
Were the Funnelbeakers white already? Thought that came later.
In their origin they held some the original Indo-European genetics. They eventually, in their migrations, mixed with the original highly melanated hunter-gatherer populations. Over time, those hunter-gatherer genes dissipated without continued input, eventually becoming recessive.
@@dreadnegus Funnelbeaker wasn't derived from the Steppe, they were Early European farmers, but yeah they were mixed with hunter-gatherers
I have read that it is FINLAND that has the highest rate of blonds today
The young warrior bands left diseases unknowingly facilitating their expansion .
The Funnelbeaker culture is Neolithic.
I say that ten seconds into the video.
@@DanDavisHistory Then why title it Bronze Age?
I explain it in the video.
It's neither Neolithic nor Bronze Age, but Aeneolthic or Kupferzeit as they call it in German. I've noticed Anglo-Saxon archaeology doesn't use this term, but it's extensively used in Central Europe as this period lasted for 2000 years and brought about some major changes in subsistence and technology such as copper smelting, nucleation of family and use of plogh to name a few. In Eastern Europe and Near East a term Chalcolithic is being used for this time period, but it its dating there is much earlier than in Central Europe.
What is told To us, might be not very certain… I don’t take fir certain that ideia of convergente of different traits of caucasian from diferent kind of race. All these traits are recessive, so, in mix it would all disvanish. Can’t be. Yamnaia, indo-europeian came from european hunter-gatherers. That’s their starting origin.
Intelligence helped people survive the cold. The farther north they settled, the higher the IQ has been documented in their descendents. The simplest live at the equator although they are far from dumb.
Ard earth/ plough erode