I should say there is more nuance than stated in the video. The interactions and movements of different groups is complex and more evidence is emerging all the time. The Anatolian Hunter Gatherers are not exactly synonymous with Western Hunter Gatherers and cluster separately. The exact relationship isn't well understood. It may be that a people ancestral to both moved through Anatolia into Europe. But they continued to interact and share DNA after their separation, whenever that was. There isn't enough data yet to know for sure but they were very closely related. And the Anatolian Farmers had maybe 10%-20% Caucasus Hunter Gatherer and about 10% Levantine first farmer DNA which isn't much really. They mostly adopted farming through cultural changes rather than demographic changes. Watch the next episode in this series here: ua-cam.com/video/Bk2Qbf1YQbI/v-deo.html
Not levantine. www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09209-7 ""Interestingly, while we observe a continued presence of the AHG-related gene pool throughout the studied period, a pattern of genetic interactions with neighboring regions is evident from as early as the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene. In addition to the local genetic contribution from earlier Anatolian populations, Anatolian Aceramic farmers inherit about 10% of their genes from a gene pool related to the Neolithic Iran/Caucasus while later ACF derive about 20% of their genes from another distinct gene pool related to the Neolithic Levant. " "WHILE LATER ACF..." They don't said anything about levantine admixture in the first anatolian hunter gatherer...
Also, the EEF of your drawing at 13:06 is not really correct. Here is an article that talks about EEFs: thuletide.wordpress.com/2020/08/14/faces-of-ancient-europe/ Here is what he says about it and related reconstructions (6. Early European Farmers (7,000 to 1,000 BC) 'Note: There is a distinct lack of good quality EEF reconstructions. Complexion: Pale Hair color: Black, varied shades of brown, rare instances of blonds that increase in frequency over time Eye color: Mostly brown, some green and blue" i.imgur.com/g4V0Wvh.png
Just some thoughts. I thought your general overall depiction of this and other groups you've portrayed as probably as 'rea'l as I have seen by those attempting to capture the character of those times. I beleive the biggest point you are articulating generally is the ethic of ethnic tribalism where there is very little mixing of ancient super-tribes and this I beleive you have done wholly on the indisputable evidence of the DNA demographics. I would encourage you to stick to your guns :-) as this view of man conflicts with a tsunami of popular culture world views that have a rose tinted bon hommè view of sweet mankind. The gross replacement of one super tribe by another visible in the big DNA picture speaks of a cultural ruthlessness that we know existed. We need to be careful not to water this down at the less DNAable (new word?) local level. The world of trade I beleive is more likely to have existed within super-family related groups than some of the more imaginative inter-sper tribe bartering portrayed by many. Fundamentally, we in the West are prone to dressing up pre-history in the irenic clothes of our contemporary Judeo-Christian-underpinned culture. Survival of the fittest in Europe was slowly replaced from around 2000 years ago by a different belief system that bore the values and pillars of traditional Western culture namely; fear free learning, fear free justice, fear free care systems manifesting in the libearal deocracy, education and care systems in place in the West. We in the West have largely been brought up in this fear free environment but, I beleive, if we dont introspectively recognise this we will make the mistake of assuming other cultures, both ancient and modern, lived in a similarly blessed and harmonic way. Your U-tube clips therefore are I beleive more holistically accurate. Please dont dumb down the big message you are putting across because of the PC of those living within the Christian-Judeo bubble who are unappreciative of the blessing they are living under :-) Keep the good work up Sunbeam!
@@DanDavisHistory you really have an incredible channel! Was wondering if you could do something on otzi the iceman? Stone age type culture was very similar to Eastern woodland North American tribes.
The brilliance of these vids is that they fire the imagination and evoke scenes of histories with no written record, but without taking undue liberties with the archaeology for titillation's sake. Bloody well done mate.
no one need space alien giants from the planet zard as ancestors and a substitute for ancient history. Reality, though more complex, is far more interesting than a comic book history.
I've been a giant history nerd since I was a kid. Have just finished watching like 4-5 of your videos in a row. Great work and thanks for making my day.
Also, slate was a material that had been used for thousands of years in North Scandinavia and it was infact one of the cultural elements adopted from the North Scandinavian hunter gatherers. Should state that I have an MA in archaeology from Umeå University, the northernmost archaeological department in Sweden. There is a lot that comes in a different light when one start to look into the north Scandinavian material. But North Scandinavia were not a backwater of South Scandinavia. Archaeologically it is a distinct different region into the iron age. Their connections goes east and they even learn about metals from the east, not from the south.
Thank you. :-) Personally I found this video the most interesting because I live in Trøndelag in Norway. And it sometimes feels like this period is just a black hole here with most of the information being from either further north or south or east...
Thank you so much for pointing this out. I find it extremely frustrating that the North is simply cut off the map in most of these videos, as if there was noone there, when we know from the rock carvings at Alta, etc. that there was lots going on there, like boats and the production of tools and trade along the coast, as far as I have understood.
My family has lived in rural southeast Missouri for 6 generations. Back 50 years ago when 'everyone farmed' the people spent a number of days each year fishing, gigging, netting, hunting, foraging etc...for literally tons of free food. Even during the depression people may not have had 'store bought' food but most everyone could live on wild harvest.
Along with "HomeTeam History" and the "Fall of Civilizations" podcast, this channel has made the top 3 on my favorite history channels list on UA-cam. Love this content!!
I would lowkey love to see a bunch of history nerds argue about which pre-iron age civilization is the best like a bunch of Star Trek nerds arguing about their favorite captain
Love that you show high amounts of seals and average Scandinavian people in your video. Subscribed for more videos of seals as a background to discussions of prehistory.
Wouldn't it be funny that the two cultures of the pitted and the corded people's mythologies reflected in their rivalry like how the Aesir gods had a rivalry with the Vanir gods. Would explain why in ancient Scandinavian mythology there is 2 different groups of gods. Was always curious about that.
Yeah a few people have suggested that. I think Jackson Crawford has at least one video about this subject and not that I blindly believe what any expert says but I trust his expertise and opinion.
@@DanDavisHistory I will have to check it out, yeah I hear you on that, always got to take everything especially anything post christianity with a grain of salt when it comes to this kind of subject.
Excellent, again. Your experience as a story teller shines through. A bunch of facts is not enough. And I like the way you casually quote an expert, and also your own modest theories.
I listen and compare the different approaches to their environments of the Mesolithic/Neolithic Peoples of Eurasia with my own “Hunter-Gatherer” Lakota Folk (who I am only 3 generations from), and our stories of Farming Peoples we had contact with. I look forward to your whole series.
Indeed mankind, no matter where you find them, is much more similar than many might think. That familiarity and interconnectedness, similar stories and experiences repeating or at least rhyming.
I really like these videos. Please keep making them. There are so many interesting prehistoric cultures. Maybe the Bell beaker introgressions into neolithic Britain!
Thank You, Dan. This was really interesting for me as I now live in Pitted ware country, as far as i can tell by your maps. I left archeology back around 1972. I was fascinated by the Ertebölle Culture as it seemed to me that they were on the edge of moving into agriculture. I really like your way of presenting. My wife and I like to spend time in Brantevik. Lots of petroglyphs! I'm looking forward to your presentation. Thank you so much, and please, keep up the good work. Best wishes, JH
Wonderful, so glad you enjoyed it. I am also fascinated by the Ertebölle Culture and will be researching them further in the near future, along with Mesolithic Britain.
I have read the books. They're really good and now that I see where they came from I want to read more of them. I've always been interested in Bronze Age trade routes and civilization and this is really rewarding to hear/read.
Great video! Here are some thoughts of mine: -Scandinavian hunter-gatherers were almost certainly far taller at an average of 181.4 cm than people of the Battle Axe culture who were offshoots of Yamnaya who averaged 175.5 cm. I wish I could post links without having my comment deleted. For my source, simply search: "From stone to bronze in prehistoric Scandinavia". That's for Scandinavian Hunter Gather (Pitted Ware) height. Yamnaya height it's easy to Google. - I believe modern Scandinavians are more closely related to Pitted Ware than Battle Axe (haplogroup I versus haploid group R1b). As a digression, it has been customary in Scandinavia to stunt the height of boys who seem like they will grow past 190 cm, and women who seem like they will grow past 180 cm, through the use of hormones. Scandinavian heights will probably increase as this custom is being done away with. - At 7:26 the boats were much more advanced than that. They were ships, already featuring figureheads reminiscence of those seen in the Viking age. This can be seen in the petroglyphs of Scandinavia. I am sadly not allowed to post the link, but the petroglyphs can easily be found through Google. I'm not sure how many of these are from the later Bronze Age, though. Looking forward to reading the book(s)!
Aperantly Im 100% closer match to the berggraven woman, than other people tested in mytrueancestory. My wife got a match from another grave on Gotland. Allso a grave of the battle axe culture. But Im uncertain If they have run tests toward archeological finds from pitted ware culture or If that is about to come later. Ive read that modern scandinavians is the only ones that carry a small amount of genome from the SHGs and to a greater amount from PWC. How can the scientists distinguish the genome between battle axe culture and SHG and PWC tho since it seem like they imigrated to scandinavia via different routes and different times from northern russia? Wouldnt the genome be quite the same? With some difference, caucasian hunter gatherer mixed in the corded ware culture, If Im not misstaken, to make an example? I have never figured that out.
@@faravid1045 I have tendonitis and must use voice to text. Please excuse any gibberish That causes. I am out of my depth, but I can't tell you some things you might find interesting. The Pitted wear culture What's made up of Scandinavian Hunter gatherers. Scandinavian Hunter gatherers Where an amalgamation of Western and Eastern hunter-gatherers. The eastern ones came across the western coast of Norway from Russia. The western ones came from continental Europe. Battle Ax culture What's an offshoot of The corded Ware culture, a Yamnaya culture. As I understand it, Modern Scandinavians are a pretty equal mix of these two peoples. I suppose we know that from looking at Haplo groups and mitochondrial DNA. That that Mix Happened is interesting, because The Yamnaya usually Displaced people where they settled. They might have failed in doing that in Scandinavia because the locals were Very pale and therefore better able to Stay Healthy by converting sunlight to vitamin D. Norway was also mountainous, And therefore difficult to conquer. Furthermore, Scandinavian hunter gatherers Where very tall. Even taller than the yamnaya Who were themselves Quite tall. That must have made them difficult to conquer.
@@Galdring Ah yeah. Ive read something about that allso. Interesting indeed for a history nerd as myself. So little we actually know but now can be revealed with the tools of modern science.
@@faravid1045 Prehistoric history is becoming quite the field! Here is a genetic report from last summer that shows that modern Scandinavians are as closely related to Scandinavian hunter-gatherers as they are to the people of the battle axe culture. In other words, they were not absorbed by the battle ax culture, neither genetically nor culturally. They were the one people in Europe that withstood the Yamnaya, and merged with them.
If I remember correctly,the Battle Axe people spoke an Indo European proto Germanic language. Supposedly Germanic as a whole has a non IE substrate,I wonder from which people and when it came from? Interesting vid man. Glad I subscribed.
Yeah it's a possibility that Germanic languages have a lot of older words from the Neolithic or Mesolithic peoples. Those in favour of this theory suggest the loan words relate most often to things like seafaring technology or place names that the Battle Axe etc would have inherited or learned from the previous people. But I believe it's a contentious issue and other linguists say the weirdness of Germanic can be explained by ordinary language shifts and yet others say it formed from a creole of proto-baltic-slavic with finnic / uralic influence. Personally I have no idea as I'm not a linguist and don't understand the technical details but it's a fascinating problem.
@@DanDavisHistory the sea has much more food than land, here in iceland it was forbidden to fish for how long cos farmers ruled and controlled the workforce , the public, in times of lack of food even , or was it farmers controlling the right to fish so non farmers could not . even if the sea is huge and had plenty of fish for more to go fishing. .. so interesting to see about those earliest seal hunters on boats.
At least 30% of Slavs originate from east germanic tribes like Vandals, Scirii and Bastarnae. Migration route was from Pomerania to Carpathian/Black sea region, as early as 500 bc, exactly where ethnogenesis of Slavs happened. So there is an considerable germanic substrate in Slavic languages. Not to mention other similarities like pantheon. Chief deity Perun (the Striker) is obviously Thor.
Great stuff this channel! I've been writing on and off for years now my self, trying to build up a basis for a "civilizations" type novel. Or more probably series of novels. I'm passionate about the topics of archaeology, history, anthropology, mythology/theology, and sociology... I hope you don't mind me saying that his channel is becoming an inspiration to me. I haven't read your novels yet, (I only discovered your work a few days ago), but you've gained a subscriber, and I will certainly be buying your first book, so you'll have gained a reader too. Thank-you for your brilliant work!
Wow thank you so much, that's wonderful. I wish you all the best with your novels, I would love to see a prehistoric genre growing. I hope you enjoy my books too!
Excellent video! Such a fascinating, overlooked yet crucial period of human history. The stone and bronze ages are painfully tantalizing because of the sparse or nonexistent records, and Im left with more questions than answers about what the hell was going on. We just cant ever know a lot of it and thats irritating lol.
Well done, much enjoyed! Helps me understand the neo-lithic era more clearly....tons of history to be had, but any chance of some finnic, karelia lake ladoga, oesillian ,curonian interpretations? Always digging for more 👌
Thank you! Yeah it's not an area I know in detail because I only really research in detail the times and places my novels take place. The eastern Baltic is still a bit of a blank spot for now.
Were there any non Indo European speakers in northern eastern Europe in the Roman Iron Age? Like the Basques or speakers of languages descended from pitted ware culture?
Great series you have produced. Will you do a Amber trade episode? Amber is what it was all about here in the north. Northern Netherlands coast and Baltic sea coast (Denmark, Germany,Poland). Amber is what made southerners come here in the Bronze age.
Thank you, I appreciate that. You know, I have many videos planned for the Bronze Age People series and also many in a Bronze Age Warfare series but I never thought of doing one on the amber trade. That's a great idea, I'm going to write that down, thanks. "The Amber Road" or "The Gold of the North." Nice one.
@@DanDavisHistory Archeologist Kristian Kristiansen thinks the Minoans came to Sweden/Norway to trade for Amber . Thats what the rock carvings are about according to him. Not all historians agree, but I think he has a point. Baltic amber was found in Egypt probably traded through ancient Greece. Imagine the stories and adventures lost in time. The Tollense Battle might have a relation with that trade too.
I have the utmost respect for Kristiansen and his views are worth taking seriously. That would be a truly remarkable trade route, I hope that it's true. I'll have to look into this further. And I will do a Tollense video eventually too.
Considering that farmers pretty much stuck to the valleys in most places, this left a lot of room for hunter-gatherers to wander about. They would've mostly traded rather than fought, because they didn't compete for territory, and each had access to resources that the other lacked.
Another great video, well researched and wonderful storytelling. I really love your sincere love and respect for the various peoples and and cultures that are the subjects of your educational videos. As a modern, blonde and blue eyed scandinavian, I feel humbled and proud, adding bits of insights insights into what may well be part of my genetoc ancestry. I just finished listening to "Godborn", and I really loved it. Knowing how well researched you are and the level of committment you have for the subject really brought a lot of depth and sincerity to the story. Now I am very much looking forward to "Thunderer", and beyond!
I can't help but wonder if the interaction between the pitted wear people and the battle axe culture lives on in Norse mythology. Specifically the myth about how the farmer people weren't allowed to settle most of Scandinavia until after they had intermarried with the "Jotuns". Specifically, the leaders of the two groups were said to have intermarried, so that the old king's family could not be said to have been dispossessed by invaders. Jotun is typically translated as Giant, but it actually share it's root with the word for "to eat". Those who devour, consume, or eat makes sense as a way for farmers to describe unsettled hunter gatherer cultures especially if relations between the two groups were initially strained.
I was entirely absorbed. Before you venture south, though, is there anything of note about the ancestors of modern Finlanders? Asking for a friend ... 🤭
I reckon being bigger plays a role in many ways apart from the obvious warfare hunter etc but communally in diverse ways such as natural heavier labourers and resilience etc
this is series is amazing! I am hyped for the future travels. May i request an additional side step to non-Egyptian northern Africa of that time as we travel south before traveling east?
Yeah well the Gods of Bronze series is recreating the Twelves Tasks of Herakles in the Third Millennium BC but I am opening the scope out across Eurasia rather than mostly in Greece. In the myths, Herakles travels to the garden of the Hespirades said to be in Tartessos in southern Iberia. He also visits Atlas to get him to get the sacred apple he needs to complete his task - and Atlas is holding up the world in the Atlas Mountains on the other side of the Mediterranean in North Africa. So yeah my hero will go there but I'm not sure what book number it will be yet or how long it will be before I do a video on it. But it's still coming eventually.
lol I'm sorry. But you know, er, it's not the destination anyway, it's the journey. And the friends we made along the way... The series is also a prequel of sorts to the Immortal Knight Chronicles. The main guy is in that a little bit.
Pitted Ware is quite interesting. I once worked on an excavation of a pitted ware cult area, in notheast Denmark. Like you said, they had some kind of Bear cult on Kainsbakke (also in Denmark) but in Ginnerup we found a site of pitted ware horse cult. 5000 tears ago they had dug a long trench, and filled it with crushed pottery, animal bones, and… horse jaws! Beneath each jaw they had placed a flint scraper-tool, perhaps the tool used to flay the horse.
5:13 . I have the same lovely grey/blue hooded eyes and dirty blonde hair as that guy…😂. DNA for me, basically Scotch-Irish and half Scandinavian. My maternal Gpa (when he was a baby, the fam immigrated from Sweden) and mother had dark olive skin. My father was pale with freckles. I got the super-pale, freckled, vampire skin😂. Only one out of four. Rest of my sibs had dark hair/eyes. DNA is amazing
I suspect a connection, perhaps tenuous, with the pitted ware culture and the maritime-archaic people of north america, and the maritime-archaic people with the neolithic henge and dolmen builders of western europe and the islands.
Is this your own art you included in to show the different visual groups? I love it! That is such a great an informative tool I feel is often missing from a lot of archeology videos. So many people talk about all the history and items... and gloss over the people that made them!! Great Job!
I so much am enjoying your channel! Appreciate the creative work that you put into these videos...very educational and fascinating looks into our past....or shall I say the life,times and culture of our great ancestors ! Subscribed! 🐦
The high incidence in Norway of R1a (besides the Indo European clade) is likely due to the Eastern Hunter Gatherers moving into Norway along the coast. Is there any mention of the Bell Beaker/Unetice R1b dominant peoples in this publication?
The best ancient hisotry / prehistory channel, which we all wanted.Even I - a well educated in this topic person, can still learn a lot. PS. Great picture at 5:25 showing that hybridization of races may lead to unsuspected results. PS.2. Consider including male's haplogroup and its path of spreading since 55k BC into your lessons / videos; and also language/ethnicity evolution's theory and religions' evoultion and how they fit into studies of genetics and of archeological cultures.
The migration, displacement, and mixing of peoples across time is fascinating. It is always interesting to see the traces of this in modern times and how people who think of themselves as being of quite different nationalities often come from the same ancestral stock. Just as one modern example: northern French, and island Scots, are today considered different people, yet both have ancestors from what is now Norway, and are more closely related to each other and to Norwegians than they are to many of their own countrymen. The isolated cultures have just as fascinating backgrounds. For example, the Basque of Europe, the Ainu of Japan, or the Navajo of the US.
In the Salish Sea region of western North America we see an increase in slate blade tools that coincides with intensification of salmon subsistence and front-loading calories by smoking and storing salmon. This might not necessarily reflect an overall decrease in flaked tool usage. But think about having huge racks to fill with filleted salmon-- when your blade is dull, how much easier would it be to walk over to the slate whetstone and sharpen up vs. going over to the knapping area and doing a pass on your knife or blade to sharpen it? Might be worth the change in the long run, and also consider that in this region slate bedrock is usually fairly extensive, while chert is quite localized or just ferried down as cobbles on glaciers, and obsidian is only traded from far inland. So there are these interactions between geologic controls and subsistence patterns (which have their own influences) that affect what patterns we see in the archaeological record. You might see if there were similar changes in subsistence patterns in the record of the pitted-ware people associated with artifact type.
Life of a hunter gatherer becomes harder and harder due to the habitats lost for wild animals replace by crops of farmers and herders . Eventually cities and pollution of industrial civilization .
Western hunter gatherers were cromagnun. In some parts of Sweden people are nearly 100% cromagnun. Like in Sardinia people are almost 100% early European farmers.
If I had to guess us genetically English people ultimately also have Pitted Ware ancestry like our Scandinavian cousins since the Anglo-Saxons came from practically southern Denmark.
Partially? Yes, you do. But the percentage is quite small (well, relatively), because even in modern Scandinavia, the population traces about half or even a little more (especially in Norway) of its ancestry to Western Steppe Herders. To this pedigree, it is also worth adding the influence of Early European Farmers and it turns out that the genetics of people from the Pitted Ware Culture did not have a dominant impact on modern Scandinavians (and their ancestors, up to the Bronze Age). As for the English people, the influence exerted on their gene pool by the culture of Pitted Ware is even less (much less), since the Anglo-Saxons (the original migrants, unmixed with the local Britons population) did not contribute half (50%) of their DNA there (to the gene pool of English people). But nevertheless, the modern population of Great Britain (not only England) and also Ireland is genetically quite close to modern Scandinavians - not because of the influence of Pitted Ware Culture (which practically should not be in the same Ireland, for example), but because of a common ancestry dating back to the Bronze Age....
I dunno if I would say last. While many became sedentary many also stayed on the move. Less so during major climactic shifts but it is interesting to see where the roots took place once farming became ubiquitous
The fact that the axe people eventually absorbed the natives and then went on to become the Vikings makes me think that the Norse mythology about the Aesir and Vanir war is based on this real events. Very cool if true
Great series of videos regarding the various cultures of Northern Continental Europe / Scandinavia during the late Neolithic. What’s your opinion regarding the emergence of Y Haplogroup I1 in Scandinavia during the Late Neolithic? Do you think it was brought into Scandinavia during the Late Neolithic by a Continental European culture or could it have been hiding in small numbers in a Scandinavian Hunter Gatherer group only later to be absorbed into the Battle Axe Culture where it would go on to later thrive during the Nordic Bronze Age?
Thanks! Regarding I1, I don't really have an opinion either way. Either is possible. It was obviously present somewhere in Mesolithic Europe. Could well have been part of the WHG resurgence after the decline of the LBK before moving north with the Funnelbeaker expansion. But we just need more samples!
I don't know why you're using Eskimos... It's not like Denmark or Southern Sweden is that cold. Nowhere in Scandinavia is that hard, except for the mountains
About combat capabilities, I imagine that a person who can pierce a seal with a thrown harpoon (or jabbing a seal in the land) can do the same to a human enemy. In general, hunting skills were used more frequently than combat both by hunter-gatherers and by farming hunters. Farmers-hunters could win by numbers if their communities or tribes were larger.
That's not a mistake. I say "unlike most of their earlier Mesolithic ancestors" as the WHG is shown. Scandinavian Hunter Gatherers are a combination of WHG and EHG.
As farming get to unfavorable climate , a hunting , fishing , herding way of life is arguably more suitable if the harvest fail , the farmers are toast against the hunters
When you consider that Rockall Bank/Island used to be Atlantis, history begins to clear itself of the obscurity... "Beyond the Pillars, In the Northern Portions & Along the Shores"(13000 years ago w/ Atlantic 100 Meters Lower) as described by Solon through Plato and Critias & Timaeus. The visual keystone is as described, "mountain low on all sides, broke it off all round about"... Look at northeast corner of Rockall Plateau...
This is also an argument against the "light skin because of lack of sunlight" hypothesis. And why weren't there similar physical cold adaptations amongst the Tasmanian peoples over the many centuries, for example? What adaptations did the native peoples of Tierra del Fuego undergo, if any? Environment alone isn't enough to explain the various physical adaptations to the environment, there must have been other factors involved. And natural selection can operate at different rates depending on population size, the level of harshness and the level of instability in the environment, amongst other things.
Maybe it was the diversity and admixture that allowed these adaptations to occur so quickly. Whilst other populations are still waiting for a combination of random mutations? Perhaps it's also more to do with local climate rather than latitude. NW Europe became very cloudy as the glaciers retreated. Maybe this added a drive for light skin and blue eyes that would be more harmful without the cloud cover? I'm sure I read that blue eyes occured in other European species around the same time in Europe?
The Inuit at least arrived much later in the area, and I believe they came from East-Asian/Siberian stock that had developed their phenotypes long before. Eastern hunter gathers were established many thousands of years longer in those cold cimates. BTW, Indigenous peoples of the Americans have some Eastern hunter gatherer admixture along with their East Asian/Siberian. This may partially explain why they usually don't have the Asian eye folds, and at least in North America, were very tall and often have more aquiline noses. Their arrival in the Western Hemisphere is being pushed back to 20,000 years ago and probably more, which could have given enough time for Central and South American Indigenous to re-favor their more Asiatic traits. (Or maybe finally discover that someone did make it over the ocean directly from Southeast Asia or the islands.)
I should say there is more nuance than stated in the video. The interactions and movements of different groups is complex and more evidence is emerging all the time. The Anatolian Hunter Gatherers are not exactly synonymous with Western Hunter Gatherers and cluster separately. The exact relationship isn't well understood. It may be that a people ancestral to both moved through Anatolia into Europe. But they continued to interact and share DNA after their separation, whenever that was. There isn't enough data yet to know for sure but they were very closely related. And the Anatolian Farmers had maybe 10%-20% Caucasus Hunter Gatherer and about 10% Levantine first farmer DNA which isn't much really. They mostly adopted farming through cultural changes rather than demographic changes.
Watch the next episode in this series here: ua-cam.com/video/Bk2Qbf1YQbI/v-deo.html
Just ordered book 1&2! I'll be waiting on the front porch for Amazon on saturday! Can't wait
@@joshuadaniel5371 awesome! Well, I hope you enjoy the stories :)
Not levantine.
www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09209-7
""Interestingly, while we observe a continued presence of the AHG-related gene pool throughout the studied period, a pattern of genetic interactions with neighboring regions is evident from as early as the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene. In addition to the local genetic contribution from earlier Anatolian populations, Anatolian Aceramic farmers inherit about 10% of their genes from a gene pool related to the Neolithic Iran/Caucasus while later ACF derive about 20% of their genes from another distinct gene pool related to the Neolithic Levant.
"
"WHILE LATER ACF..."
They don't said anything about levantine admixture in the first anatolian hunter gatherer...
Also, the EEF of your drawing at 13:06 is not really correct.
Here is an article that talks about EEFs: thuletide.wordpress.com/2020/08/14/faces-of-ancient-europe/
Here is what he says about it and related reconstructions (6. Early European Farmers (7,000 to 1,000 BC)
'Note: There is a distinct lack of good quality EEF reconstructions.
Complexion: Pale
Hair color: Black, varied shades of brown, rare instances of blonds that increase in frequency over time
Eye color: Mostly brown, some green and blue"
i.imgur.com/g4V0Wvh.png
Just some thoughts.
I thought your general overall depiction of this and other groups you've portrayed as probably as 'rea'l as I have seen by those attempting to capture the character of those times. I beleive the biggest point you are articulating generally is the ethic of ethnic tribalism where there is very little mixing of ancient super-tribes and this I beleive you have done wholly on the indisputable evidence of the DNA demographics. I would encourage you to stick to your guns :-) as this view of man conflicts with a tsunami of popular culture world views that have a rose tinted bon hommè view of sweet mankind. The gross replacement of one super tribe by another visible in the big DNA picture speaks of a cultural ruthlessness that we know existed. We need to be careful not to water this down at the less DNAable (new word?) local level. The world of trade I beleive is more likely to have existed within super-family related groups than some of the more imaginative inter-sper tribe bartering portrayed by many.
Fundamentally, we in the West are prone to dressing up pre-history in the irenic clothes of our contemporary Judeo-Christian-underpinned culture. Survival of the fittest in Europe was slowly replaced from around 2000 years ago by a different belief system that bore the values and pillars of traditional Western culture namely; fear free learning, fear free justice, fear free care systems manifesting in the libearal deocracy, education and care systems in place in the West. We in the West have largely been brought up in this fear free environment but, I beleive, if we dont introspectively recognise this we will make the mistake of assuming other cultures, both ancient and modern, lived in a similarly blessed and harmonic way.
Your U-tube clips therefore are I beleive more holistically accurate. Please dont dumb down the big message you are putting across because of the PC of those living within the Christian-Judeo bubble who are unappreciative of the blessing they are living under :-)
Keep the good work up Sunbeam!
I just want to say that this is probably the best way to promote a book I've yet to see.
My interest is well beyond piqued at this point.
Lol thanks. When I started making videos 90% of my viewers were my own fans.
@@DanDavisHistory It sure got me curious about the series. Bought the prequel and then the two novels on Amazon after seeing your videos.
I wish to buy the books but are only able to find Them on Amazone and im not so happy about that
wow, The Bronze age is truly one of the most interesting and important ages of man!
Yes absolutely. I think I should have called this series People of the Third Millennium BC as there were many still in a Neolithic way of life.
@@DanDavisHistory well whatever you call it it's great! you really set the scene.
Thank you!
@Andrew you have a lot to learn my friend
Wow. Some of the best narrated content on prehistory online. Very excited to have found your channel.
Thank you, that's a fine compliment!
@@DanDavisHistory and a well deserved one!
@@DanDavisHistory you really have an incredible channel!
Was wondering if you could do something on otzi the iceman?
Stone age type culture was very similar to Eastern woodland North American tribes.
The brilliance of these vids is that they fire the imagination and evoke scenes of histories with no written record, but without taking undue liberties with the archaeology for titillation's sake. Bloody well done mate.
Thank you, that's very kind of you.
no one need space alien giants from the planet zard as ancestors and a substitute for ancient history. Reality, though more complex, is far more interesting than a comic book history.
Titillations
I've been a giant history nerd since I was a kid. Have just finished watching like 4-5 of your videos in a row. Great work and thanks for making my day.
Sometimes history is more fascinating than the present. Haha
Also, slate was a material that had been used for thousands of years in North Scandinavia and it was infact one of the cultural elements adopted from the North Scandinavian hunter gatherers. Should state that I have an MA in archaeology from Umeå University, the northernmost archaeological department in Sweden. There is a lot that comes in a different light when one start to look into the north Scandinavian material. But North Scandinavia were not a backwater of South Scandinavia. Archaeologically it is a distinct different region into the iron age. Their connections goes east and they even learn about metals from the east, not from the south.
Thank you. :-)
Personally I found this video the most interesting because I live in Trøndelag in Norway.
And it sometimes feels like this period is just a black hole here with most of the information being from either further north or south or east...
Thank you so much for pointing this out. I find it extremely frustrating that the North is simply cut off the map in most of these videos, as if there was noone there, when we know from the rock carvings at Alta, etc. that there was lots going on there, like boats and the production of tools and trade along the coast, as far as I have understood.
My family has lived in rural southeast Missouri for 6 generations. Back 50 years ago when 'everyone farmed' the people spent a number of days each year fishing, gigging, netting, hunting, foraging etc...for literally tons of free food. Even during the depression people may not have had 'store bought' food but most everyone could live on wild harvest.
My ppl, the Cajuns lived on the Bayou Lafourche since any 1700. We fish and trap and hunt and farm to this day.
My brother and his wife live in rural Alaska, and harvest moose and salmon every year.
Family from southern Illinois … ware is what brought me here
We do so also in Moselle
Both pounds and hunting.
Along with "HomeTeam History" and the "Fall of Civilizations" podcast, this channel has made the top 3 on my favorite history channels list on UA-cam. Love this content!!
Agreed!
Smart move showing that you researched the period well before writing. It convinced me, I purchased the books. Now, I'll let you take me back in time.
This is solid. I am not getting a twitch of nerd rage or anything. Pretty good so far.
Thanks.
I would lowkey love to see a bunch of history nerds argue about which pre-iron age civilization is the best like a bunch of Star Trek nerds arguing about their favorite captain
Love that you show high amounts of seals and average Scandinavian people in your video. Subscribed for more videos of seals as a background to discussions of prehistory.
Wouldn't it be funny that the two cultures of the pitted and the corded people's mythologies reflected in their rivalry like how the Aesir gods had a rivalry with the Vanir gods. Would explain why in ancient Scandinavian mythology there is 2 different groups of gods. Was always curious about that.
Yeah a few people have suggested that. I think Jackson Crawford has at least one video about this subject and not that I blindly believe what any expert says but I trust his expertise and opinion.
@@DanDavisHistory I will have to check it out, yeah I hear you on that, always got to take everything especially anything post christianity with a grain of salt when it comes to this kind of subject.
@@DanDavisHistory do you have a link to this video?
Those stone battleaxes look remarkably lethal.
These are great and well informed discussions of Scandinavian archaeogenetics.
Thank you.
average scandianvian man XD
😀
I know, it is quite unbelievable. However, the average Scandinavian woman appears a fair representation. 🙂
@@DanDavisHistory they probably used bows.. ash elm??
Excellent, again. Your experience as a story teller shines through. A bunch of facts is not enough. And I like the way you casually quote an expert, and also your own modest theories.
I listen and compare the different approaches to their environments of the Mesolithic/Neolithic Peoples of Eurasia with my own “Hunter-Gatherer” Lakota Folk (who I am only 3 generations from), and our stories of Farming Peoples we had contact with. I look forward to your whole series.
Indeed mankind, no matter where you find them, is much more similar than many might think. That familiarity and interconnectedness, similar stories and experiences repeating or at least rhyming.
I really like these videos. Please keep making them. There are so many interesting prehistoric cultures.
Maybe the Bell beaker introgressions into neolithic Britain!
Thank you. I will certainly make a video on the Bell Beakers.
Thank You, Dan. This was really interesting for me as I now live in Pitted ware country, as far as i can tell by your maps. I left archeology back around 1972. I was fascinated by the Ertebölle Culture as it seemed to me that they were on the edge of moving into agriculture. I really like your way of presenting. My wife and I like to spend time in Brantevik. Lots of petroglyphs! I'm looking forward to your presentation. Thank you so much, and please, keep up the good work. Best wishes, JH
Wonderful, so glad you enjoyed it. I am also fascinated by the Ertebölle Culture and will be researching them further in the near future, along with Mesolithic Britain.
Excellent video! Accurate, interesting, easy to understand, quick, and to the point! Keep it up!
Thank you! Much appreciated. The complex reality is simplified of course but that's how it has to be for a short vid.
I have read the books. They're really good and now that I see where they came from I want to read more of them. I've always been interested in Bronze Age trade routes and civilization and this is really rewarding to hear/read.
Thanks Leslee, that's great to hear!
Reading Godborn, book one now and I am enjoying.
Love the videos as well.
Wonderful, so glad to hear that, thank you. I hope you like the rest of the story and series.
Fabulously crafted video!!! Fantastically well done thank you so much. This channel deserves a million subscribers, truly.
Maybe one day! Thanks for your support, I appreciate it.
Great video! Here are some thoughts of mine:
-Scandinavian hunter-gatherers were almost certainly far taller at an average of 181.4 cm than people of the Battle Axe culture who were offshoots of Yamnaya who averaged 175.5 cm. I wish I could post links without having my comment deleted. For my source, simply search: "From stone to bronze in prehistoric Scandinavia". That's for Scandinavian Hunter Gather (Pitted Ware) height. Yamnaya height it's easy to Google.
- I believe modern Scandinavians are more closely related to Pitted Ware than Battle Axe (haplogroup I versus haploid group R1b). As a digression, it has been customary in Scandinavia to stunt the height of boys who seem like they will grow past 190 cm, and women who seem like they will grow past 180 cm, through the use of hormones. Scandinavian heights will probably increase as this custom is being done away with.
- At 7:26 the boats were much more advanced than that. They were ships, already featuring figureheads reminiscence of those seen in the Viking age. This can be seen in the petroglyphs of Scandinavia. I am sadly not allowed to post the link, but the petroglyphs can easily be found through Google. I'm not sure how many of these are from the later Bronze Age, though.
Looking forward to reading the book(s)!
Aperantly Im 100% closer match to the berggraven woman, than other people tested in mytrueancestory. My wife got a match from another grave on Gotland. Allso a grave of the battle axe culture. But Im uncertain If they have run tests toward archeological finds from pitted ware culture or If that is about to come later. Ive read that modern scandinavians is the only ones that carry a small amount of genome from the SHGs and to a greater amount from PWC. How can the scientists distinguish the genome between battle axe culture and SHG and PWC tho since it seem like they imigrated to scandinavia via different routes and different times from northern russia? Wouldnt the genome be quite the same? With some difference, caucasian hunter gatherer mixed in the corded ware culture, If Im not misstaken, to make an example? I have never figured that out.
@@faravid1045 I have tendonitis and must use voice to text. Please excuse any gibberish That causes.
I am out of my depth, but I can't tell you some things you might find interesting. The Pitted wear culture What's made up of Scandinavian Hunter gatherers. Scandinavian Hunter gatherers Where an amalgamation of Western and Eastern hunter-gatherers. The eastern ones came across the western coast of Norway from Russia. The western ones came from continental Europe. Battle Ax culture What's an offshoot of The corded Ware culture, a Yamnaya culture.
As I understand it, Modern Scandinavians are a pretty equal mix of these two peoples. I suppose we know that from looking at Haplo groups and mitochondrial DNA. That that Mix Happened is interesting, because The Yamnaya usually Displaced people where they settled. They might have failed in doing that in Scandinavia because the locals were Very pale and therefore better able to Stay Healthy by converting sunlight to vitamin D. Norway was also mountainous, And therefore difficult to conquer. Furthermore, Scandinavian hunter gatherers Where very tall. Even taller than the yamnaya Who were themselves Quite tall. That must have made them difficult to conquer.
@Faravid Oh, and the yamnaya Also came from continental Europe.
@@Galdring Ah yeah. Ive read something about that allso. Interesting indeed for a history nerd as myself. So little we actually know but now can be revealed with the tools of modern science.
@@faravid1045 Prehistoric history is becoming quite the field! Here is a genetic report from last summer that shows that modern Scandinavians are as closely related to Scandinavian hunter-gatherers as they are to the people of the battle axe culture. In other words, they were not absorbed by the battle ax culture, neither genetically nor culturally. They were the one people in Europe that withstood the Yamnaya, and merged with them.
If I remember correctly,the Battle Axe people spoke an Indo European proto Germanic language. Supposedly Germanic as a whole has a non IE substrate,I wonder from which people and when it came from? Interesting vid man. Glad I subscribed.
Yeah it's a possibility that Germanic languages have a lot of older words from the Neolithic or Mesolithic peoples. Those in favour of this theory suggest the loan words relate most often to things like seafaring technology or place names that the Battle Axe etc would have inherited or learned from the previous people. But I believe it's a contentious issue and other linguists say the weirdness of Germanic can be explained by ordinary language shifts and yet others say it formed from a creole of proto-baltic-slavic with finnic / uralic influence. Personally I have no idea as I'm not a linguist and don't understand the technical details but it's a fascinating problem.
@@DanDavisHistory the sea has much more food than land, here in iceland it was forbidden to fish for how long cos farmers ruled and controlled the workforce , the public, in times of lack of food even , or was it farmers controlling the right to fish so non farmers could not . even if the sea is huge and had plenty of fish for more to go fishing. .. so interesting to see about those earliest seal hunters on boats.
At least 30% of Slavs originate from east germanic tribes like Vandals, Scirii and Bastarnae. Migration route was from Pomerania to Carpathian/Black sea region, as early as 500 bc, exactly where ethnogenesis of Slavs happened. So there is an considerable germanic substrate in Slavic languages. Not to mention other similarities like pantheon. Chief deity Perun (the Striker) is obviously Thor.
my Family Tree DNA results show 49% Hunter-Gatherer.. which was pretty cool to know
This is fascinating stuff. I would have thought that the Sami were the last European hunter gatherers.
Great stuff this channel!
I've been writing on and off for years now my self, trying to build up a basis for a "civilizations" type novel. Or more probably series of novels.
I'm passionate about the topics of archaeology, history, anthropology, mythology/theology, and sociology...
I hope you don't mind me saying that his channel is becoming an inspiration to me.
I haven't read your novels yet, (I only discovered your work a few days ago), but you've gained a subscriber, and I will certainly be buying your first book, so you'll have gained a reader too. Thank-you for your brilliant work!
Wow thank you so much, that's wonderful. I wish you all the best with your novels, I would love to see a prehistoric genre growing. I hope you enjoy my books too!
Excellent video! Such a fascinating, overlooked yet crucial period of human history. The stone and bronze ages are painfully tantalizing because of the sparse or nonexistent records, and Im left with more questions than answers about what the hell was going on. We just cant ever know a lot of it and thats irritating lol.
Well done, much enjoyed! Helps me understand the neo-lithic era more clearly....tons of history to be had, but any chance of some finnic, karelia lake ladoga, oesillian ,curonian interpretations? Always digging for more 👌
Thank you! Yeah it's not an area I know in detail because I only really research in detail the times and places my novels take place. The eastern Baltic is still a bit of a blank spot for now.
Were there any non Indo European speakers in northern eastern Europe in the Roman Iron Age? Like the Basques or speakers of languages descended from pitted ware culture?
Great series you have produced. Will you do a Amber trade episode? Amber is what it was all about here in the north. Northern Netherlands coast and Baltic sea coast (Denmark, Germany,Poland). Amber is what made southerners come here in the Bronze age.
Thank you, I appreciate that. You know, I have many videos planned for the Bronze Age People series and also many in a Bronze Age Warfare series but I never thought of doing one on the amber trade. That's a great idea, I'm going to write that down, thanks. "The Amber Road" or "The Gold of the North." Nice one.
@@DanDavisHistory Archeologist Kristian Kristiansen thinks the Minoans came to Sweden/Norway to trade for Amber . Thats what the rock carvings are about according to him. Not all historians agree, but I think he has a point. Baltic amber was found in Egypt probably traded through ancient Greece. Imagine the stories and adventures lost in time. The Tollense Battle might have a relation with that trade too.
I have the utmost respect for Kristiansen and his views are worth taking seriously. That would be a truly remarkable trade route, I hope that it's true. I'll have to look into this further. And I will do a Tollense video eventually too.
@@DanDavisHistory I'm looking forward to that.
@@fourravens4638 Why was amber so valuable ?
It is quite fascinating to learn Hunter gathered and farming cultures coexisted at all let alone for so long. I didn't even know they did so at all.
Considering that farmers pretty much stuck to the valleys in most places, this left a lot of room for hunter-gatherers to wander about. They would've mostly traded rather than fought, because they didn't compete for territory, and each had access to resources that the other lacked.
@@slappy8941 A similar relationship developed with the Saami (herders/hunters) later
Another great video, well researched and wonderful storytelling. I really love your sincere love and respect for the various peoples and and cultures that are the subjects of your educational videos.
As a modern, blonde and blue eyed scandinavian, I feel humbled and proud, adding bits of insights insights into what may well be part of my genetoc ancestry.
I just finished listening to "Godborn", and I really loved it. Knowing how well researched you are and the level of committment you have for the subject really brought a lot of depth and sincerity to the story. Now I am very much looking forward to "Thunderer", and beyond!
Thank you Magnus, I'm so glad you've enjoyed the videos and Godborn. And I hope you like Thunderer too! Cheers.
Great underrated channel. Keep it up!
Thanks, will do!
I can't help but wonder if the interaction between the pitted wear people and the battle axe culture lives on in Norse mythology. Specifically the myth about how the farmer people weren't allowed to settle most of Scandinavia until after they had intermarried with the "Jotuns". Specifically, the leaders of the two groups were said to have intermarried, so that the old king's family could not be said to have been dispossessed by invaders. Jotun is typically translated as Giant, but it actually share it's root with the word for "to eat". Those who devour, consume, or eat makes sense as a way for farmers to describe unsettled hunter gatherer cultures especially if relations between the two groups were initially strained.
Just a remark that being near or on water as a culture calls for cooperation, not competition. Hunting: same.
Shamans.....yeah, assumptions and an anachronism
Would be interesting to see a video on the comb ceramic culture by you.
Thank you, I will add it to the list.
It's amazing to think when Mesopotamian and egyptian civilizations thrived, there were still hunter-gatherer societies "hidden" in Europe....
Wow this channel is so underrated. Love the way this is presented!
I was entirely absorbed.
Before you venture south, though, is there anything of note about the ancestors of modern Finlanders?
Asking for a friend ... 🤭
Thank you. It's a time and place of great interest to me but I must do more research before I feel confident enough to talk about it.
I reckon being bigger plays a role in many ways apart from the obvious warfare hunter etc but communally in diverse ways such as natural heavier labourers and resilience etc
Yes good point.
wow this channel is a treasure!
Thanks, you're a treasure too, bro.
this is series is amazing! I am hyped for the future travels. May i request an additional side step to non-Egyptian northern Africa of that time as we travel south before traveling east?
Yeah well the Gods of Bronze series is recreating the Twelves Tasks of Herakles in the Third Millennium BC but I am opening the scope out across Eurasia rather than mostly in Greece. In the myths, Herakles travels to the garden of the Hespirades said to be in Tartessos in southern Iberia. He also visits Atlas to get him to get the sacred apple he needs to complete his task - and Atlas is holding up the world in the Atlas Mountains on the other side of the Mediterranean in North Africa. So yeah my hero will go there but I'm not sure what book number it will be yet or how long it will be before I do a video on it. But it's still coming eventually.
@@DanDavisHistory damn... spoilers.
But i Guess I did ask for it :p
I mainly meant the yt series, btw...
lol I'm sorry. But you know, er, it's not the destination anyway, it's the journey. And the friends we made along the way...
The series is also a prequel of sorts to the Immortal Knight Chronicles. The main guy is in that a little bit.
@@DanDavisHistory I'm kidding :p I want to read it anyway, and don't care much about minor spoilers. Makes me more interested so far tbh
Pitted Ware is quite interesting.
I once worked on an excavation of a pitted ware cult area, in notheast Denmark.
Like you said, they had some kind of Bear cult on Kainsbakke (also in Denmark) but in Ginnerup we found a site of pitted ware horse cult.
5000 tears ago they had dug a long trench, and filled it with crushed pottery, animal bones, and… horse jaws! Beneath each jaw they had placed a flint scraper-tool, perhaps the tool used to flay the horse.
5:13 . I have the same lovely grey/blue hooded eyes and dirty blonde hair as that guy…😂. DNA for me, basically Scotch-Irish and half Scandinavian. My maternal Gpa (when he was a baby, the fam immigrated from Sweden) and mother had dark olive skin. My father was pale with freckles. I got the super-pale, freckled, vampire skin😂. Only one out of four. Rest of my sibs had dark hair/eyes. DNA is amazing
Im into you. Are you a guy or a girl though?
Best channel on UA-cam. Keep up the great work!
0:13 I love very much the history of the bronze age europe❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
The Scandinavian hunter-gatherers were probably speakers* of the Pre-Finno-Ugric Substrate languages.
Do one on bell beaker next (they also spread to Scandinavia).
Yes I will do Bell Beakers eventually for sure but not next. I will do them when I write book 3 of Gods of Bronze later this year.
I suspect a connection, perhaps tenuous, with the pitted ware culture and the maritime-archaic people of north america, and the maritime-archaic people with the neolithic henge and dolmen builders of western europe and the islands.
This gotta be one of the better advertisements I’ve ever seen
Great video
Thank you.
Is this your own art you included in to show the different visual groups? I love it! That is such a great an informative tool I feel is often missing from a lot of archeology videos. So many people talk about all the history and items... and gloss over the people that made them!! Great Job!
I so much am enjoying your channel! Appreciate the creative work that you put into these videos...very educational and fascinating looks into our past....or shall I say the life,times and culture of our great ancestors ! Subscribed! 🐦
Thank you so much. Positive comments like this make my day.
The World needs the fictional history of the European ethnogenesis. Thank you for your in depth passion!
The high incidence in Norway of R1a (besides the Indo European clade) is likely due to the Eastern Hunter Gatherers moving into Norway along the coast.
Is there any mention of the Bell Beaker/Unetice R1b dominant peoples in this publication?
Which people did haplogroup I2 originate from?
The best ancient hisotry / prehistory channel, which we all wanted.Even I - a well educated in this topic person, can still learn a lot.
PS. Great picture at 5:25 showing that hybridization of races may lead to unsuspected results.
PS.2. Consider including male's haplogroup and its path of spreading since 55k BC into your lessons / videos;
and also language/ethnicity evolution's theory and religions' evoultion and how they fit into studies of genetics and of archeological cultures.
Yes, please consider these - would be even more interesting
I like the moose figurines that they made
Pitted Ware Culture is a very cool prog rock band name. Way better than those Linear Pottery Culture sell outs. Especially their early stuff.
Fascinating
The migration, displacement, and mixing of peoples across time is fascinating. It is always interesting to see the traces of this in modern times and how people who think of themselves as being of quite different nationalities often come from the same ancestral stock. Just as one modern example: northern French, and island Scots, are today considered different people, yet both have ancestors from what is now Norway, and are more closely related to each other and to Norwegians than they are to many of their own countrymen.
The isolated cultures have just as fascinating backgrounds. For example, the Basque of Europe, the Ainu of Japan, or the Navajo of the US.
very good info
In the Salish Sea region of western North America we see an increase in slate blade tools that coincides with intensification of salmon subsistence and front-loading calories by smoking and storing salmon. This might not necessarily reflect an overall decrease in flaked tool usage. But think about having huge racks to fill with filleted salmon-- when your blade is dull, how much easier would it be to walk over to the slate whetstone and sharpen up vs. going over to the knapping area and doing a pass on your knife or blade to sharpen it? Might be worth the change in the long run, and also consider that in this region slate bedrock is usually fairly extensive, while chert is quite localized or just ferried down as cobbles on glaciers, and obsidian is only traded from far inland. So there are these interactions between geologic controls and subsistence patterns (which have their own influences) that affect what patterns we see in the archaeological record. You might see if there were similar changes in subsistence patterns in the record of the pitted-ware people associated with artifact type.
Life of a hunter gatherer becomes harder and harder due to the habitats lost for wild animals replace by crops of farmers and herders . Eventually cities and pollution of industrial civilization .
Western hunter gatherers were cromagnun. In some parts of Sweden people are nearly 100% cromagnun. Like in Sardinia people are almost 100% early European farmers.
If I had to guess us genetically English people ultimately also have Pitted Ware ancestry like our Scandinavian cousins since the Anglo-Saxons came from practically southern Denmark.
Partially? Yes, you do. But the percentage is quite small (well, relatively), because even in modern Scandinavia, the population traces about half or even a little more (especially in Norway) of its ancestry to Western Steppe Herders. To this pedigree, it is also worth adding the influence of Early European Farmers and it turns out that the genetics of people from the Pitted Ware Culture did not have a dominant impact on modern Scandinavians (and their ancestors, up to the Bronze Age). As for the English people, the influence exerted on their gene pool by the culture of Pitted Ware is even less (much less), since the Anglo-Saxons (the original migrants, unmixed with the local Britons population) did not contribute half (50%) of their DNA there (to the gene pool of English people). But nevertheless, the modern population of Great Britain (not only England) and also Ireland is genetically quite close to modern Scandinavians - not because of the influence of Pitted Ware Culture (which practically should not be in the same Ireland, for example), but because of a common ancestry dating back to the Bronze Age....
@@ZuMi_WaLt well dna and ancestry isn't the same.
Go to DNA and it's abysmal.
Ancestrally speaking however, we get a no duh moment.
I’ve seen too many other UA-cam videos, every time his book is mentioned I assume the video’s over and go to find something else to watch.
14:30 These are whorls. For spinning.
Some says this is where everything went wrong
It would be so wonderful if you provided a bibliography of your source materials so we could do more reading on the subjects you cover.
I dunno if I would say last. While many became sedentary many also stayed on the move. Less so during major climactic shifts but it is interesting to see where the roots took place once farming became ubiquitous
We were different but the same in many ways , migration and diffusion continue to this day , thanks for making sense out of a difficult subject.
makes sense, archaic admixture percentages does seem to be abit higher uphere
The fact that the axe people eventually absorbed the natives and then went on to become the Vikings makes me think that the Norse mythology about the Aesir and Vanir war is based on this real events. Very cool if true
I dig the passive advertisement
Thank you.
So, who was Otzi ?
A late Neolithic / copper age farmer of southern europe.
i would argue that the saami people were europes last hunter-gatherers
Reindeer herders aren't hunter-gatherers.
Wait, aren't people from Birmingham still hunter gatherers today?
Great channel
Are there any artifacts of these Pitted Ware seal skins on display?
It would be awesome to see. :D
Great series of videos regarding the various cultures of Northern Continental Europe / Scandinavia during the late Neolithic.
What’s your opinion regarding the emergence of Y Haplogroup I1 in Scandinavia during the Late Neolithic? Do you think it was brought into Scandinavia during the Late Neolithic by a Continental European culture or could it have been hiding in small numbers in a Scandinavian Hunter Gatherer group only later to be absorbed into the Battle Axe Culture where it would go on to later thrive during the Nordic Bronze Age?
Thanks! Regarding I1, I don't really have an opinion either way. Either is possible. It was obviously present somewhere in Mesolithic Europe. Could well have been part of the WHG resurgence after the decline of the LBK before moving north with the Funnelbeaker expansion. But we just need more samples!
I don't know why you're using Eskimos... It's not like Denmark or Southern Sweden is that cold. Nowhere in Scandinavia is that hard, except for the mountains
About combat capabilities, I imagine that a person who can pierce a seal with a thrown harpoon (or jabbing a seal in the land) can do the same to a human enemy. In general, hunting skills were used more frequently than combat both by hunter-gatherers and by farming hunters. Farmers-hunters could win by numbers if their communities or tribes were larger.
Might the pits have been packed with a dyed earthen material then smoothed flush to the surface?
Very educational and entertaining!
Helll Dan,
I am more than impressed with your work!
I wonder if you could make a doc. About stone-age Egypt.
Pleeeeease 😊
Thanks in advance.
0:53. That is the accurate reconstruction for La Braña, Loschbur hunter-gatherers.
The Nordics already had some blond hair and some light pigmentation
That's not a mistake. I say "unlike most of their earlier Mesolithic ancestors" as the WHG is shown.
Scandinavian Hunter Gatherers are a combination of WHG and EHG.
As farming get to unfavorable climate , a hunting , fishing , herding way of life is arguably more suitable
if the harvest fail , the farmers are toast against the hunters
When you consider that Rockall Bank/Island used to be Atlantis, history begins to clear itself of the obscurity...
"Beyond the Pillars, In the Northern Portions & Along the Shores"(13000 years ago w/ Atlantic 100 Meters Lower) as described by Solon through Plato and Critias & Timaeus.
The visual keystone is as described, "mountain low on all sides, broke it off all round about"... Look at northeast corner of Rockall Plateau...
What is the y and mt haplogroupings of the Pitted Ware culture?
mtDNA - U4 and U5 mainly also K1a1, T2b, HV0, U, H1f, T2b, K1a1, U4a1.
Y-haplogroup mostly I2 I believe. Subclades like I2a1 and I2c.
@@DanDavisHistory Thank you for the info.
They really need to just pick real names for these cultures. We know the Picts didn't call themselves that but at least we have a name for them.
Great to see another La Dolce Vita fan
15;32 guy num 2 has got some finn in him 5-10% %asain and guy num 4 got 2-5% asain "reverse epacatic fold "
To clarify, are these people named after the type of pottery they make?
Yes like many archeological cultures.
6:14 so the Sami aren't any more "indigenous" to northern scandinavia than the other cultures, contrary to popular belief.
Please upload more often and I think you should collab with north 02, he makes the exact same material but you have better info
As you use genetics quite a bit maybe you could do an episode on haplogroup E-V13 which has a low but persistant presence in most of europe
What I wonder about.....if noses narrow to adapt to cold, why do Yup'ik, Mongolian, and Inuit people have wide noses?
This is also an argument against the "light skin because of lack of sunlight" hypothesis. And why weren't there similar physical cold adaptations amongst the Tasmanian peoples over the many centuries, for example? What adaptations did the native peoples of Tierra del Fuego undergo, if any?
Environment alone isn't enough to explain the various physical adaptations to the environment, there must have been other factors involved. And natural selection can operate at different rates depending on population size, the level of harshness and the level of instability in the environment, amongst other things.
Maybe it was the diversity and admixture that allowed these adaptations to occur so quickly. Whilst other populations are still waiting for a combination of random mutations? Perhaps it's also more to do with local climate rather than latitude. NW Europe became very cloudy as the glaciers retreated. Maybe this added a drive for light skin and blue eyes that would be more harmful without the cloud cover? I'm sure I read that blue eyes occured in other European species around the same time in Europe?
The Inuit at least arrived much later in the area, and I believe they came from East-Asian/Siberian stock that had developed their phenotypes long before. Eastern hunter gathers were established many thousands of years longer in those cold cimates. BTW, Indigenous peoples of the Americans have some Eastern hunter gatherer admixture along with their East Asian/Siberian. This may partially explain why they usually don't have the Asian eye folds, and at least in North America, were very tall and often have more aquiline noses. Their arrival in the Western Hemisphere is being pushed back to 20,000 years ago and probably more, which could have given enough time for Central and South American Indigenous to re-favor their more Asiatic traits. (Or maybe finally discover that someone did make it over the ocean directly from Southeast Asia or the islands.)
(Mostly because they’re relatively recent transplants to the far north…)
@@DanDavisHistory different peoples
Can you please quote your sources for this video?
I've updated the video description with links to the books and the titles of the papers I read.