Nipah Virus

@Nipahvirus #Nipahvirus
Nipah Virus
It is a zoonotic virus. It’s an infectious disease that is transferring from animals to human. The name “Nipah” originated from the village namely, Kampung Sungai Nipah in Malaysia. In the year 1999 it was an outbreak, the virus spreads through the infected pigs. Nipah virus is a member of the family ‘Paramyxoviridae’. The disease is characterized by non-specific symptoms such as fever, headache, dizziness and muscle pain. The source of reservoir are bats. This virus develops naturally within the bats. In rural area or in villages, people like to drink the palm sap, which is rich source of antioxidants and Vitamin-C. In some local areas, people named the palm sap as “palm vine”. The palm sap is the liquid collected from of the juice of the flower of palm. At the top of the palm tree the pot is hanged and the next day the person collects the juice, but the bats like Pteropodidae (large bat weigh of 1.4kgs and the face of that bat is like a fox) take rest at the palm tree. There may be a chance of eating the juice, so through the saliva of the bat the virus can enter into the sap and contaminate the palm sap.
There is another way, if the fruits being partially eaten by bat and falls down to the ground and those fruits are consumed by the pigs or cows and the virus can enter into the animal’s body. From the infected pigs, the virus spreads to the humans.
Once the virus enters through the droplets into the human airway, it causes acute respiratory infection and fatal encephalitis.
Nipah virus is a single-stranded negative - sense RNA it contains 6 structural proteins:-
N- Nucleoproteins
P- Phosphoprotein
M- Matrix protein
L- Large polymerase
G- Attachment glucoprotein
F- Fusion protein
Once the paramyxovirus enter into airway, the G protein gets attached with receptor cell of Ephrin B found in arteries, arterioles and capillaries. The following symptoms may appear 4-14 days after exposure
• Fever and headache
• Cough and sore throat
• Breathing difficulty, diarrhea, vomiting, muscle pain and severe weakness
Prevention
• Avoid eating fruits bitten by birds and animals
• Always wash your hands
• Avoid direct contact with infected pigs and bats
• Avoid consuming the raw date palm sap
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