When did People stop using Hieroglyphics or Worshipping Zeus? Who were the Last Ancient People?
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- Опубліковано 3 чер 2024
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Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Egyptian Mummification, Greek Religion, Greek Mythology, Egyptian Mythology, Roman Legionnaires, Fall of Rome, Fall of Egypt, Ancient Egyptian History, Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece, When did Ancient Egypt End?, When did Ancient Greece End? When did Ancient Rome End?, Roman Army, When did Ancient Greece Fall?
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that'd be west papua, but don't talk about them or people will find out about the u.s. gold mine that's killed 1.8 million of them over half a century of being "ignored" by .... well, everyone...
of course... this shouldn't be construed as a reason to start talking about west papua now with your friends, or anyone, so that somehow it registers that you can't just murder people and lie about it, or even a reason to start observing media coming out of west papua in acknowledgement... y'all should watch some dumb games et c.
The fact that Abraham Lincoln took time to tell the King of Siam that he didn't need war elephants is the exact reason I keep coming to this channel.
Am I the only one that's disappointed the US army didn't get war elephants
Abraham Lincoln failed his country that day.
I hope Biden would accept some war elephants this time.
Yeah, that's a wholesome little fact I never thought I'd learn lol
“So low as to favor the multiplication of the elephant”. What’s so wrong with elephants!? What did Lincoln have against elephants!!
The idea of old traditions still surviving in remote corners of the world, for better or for worse, to be fascinating.
you'd probably enjoy learning about the mount athos monasteries
well, west papua have been slaughtered at 1.8 million so far for a u.s. gold mining operation, so yeah, maybe it would be real fing fascinating...
course.... nobody is interested in some old culture and all that nasty death, just eat a candy bar and forget about it
and definately don't ever talk about west papua anywhere or nuthin or people might find out how screwed in the head we are compared to them....
I lived in Tromsø for a year, in the far northern part of Norway. One of my buddies there held modern Åsatru, or "Æisir faith," which is the modernisation of ancient Norse mythology. He was a great guy.
Mauritania abolished slavery multiple times, however the problem is that in the interior of the country nobody actually cares what the government says
Can you talk about the ancient religion of the Indo-Europeans holding out in Lithuania and in parts of the Baltics well into the 14th century? Another interesting historical hold-out.
even baltic religion in general would be really interesting:)
romuva?
lūdzu lūdzu lūdzu!!!!!!!! 😄
Yes! And about Slavic religion too, I feel that I should respect those deities more since I’m half polish but I can’t really connect with that pantheon
There's evidence of paganism holding out among the Saami of the far north as late as World War II.
coptic, which was directly descended from the language of the ancient egyptians, survived as a spoken language until the 17th century. it is still spoken as a liturgical language by the Coptic Orthodox Church.
Zoroastrianism, the religion of Persia before islam arrived, is still followed in some areas of the country.
wouldn't it be kinda cool if we still had a few villages around that believed in the old gods? Not neopaganism but never died paganism. To have a direct link between today and the ancients.
Most Zoroastrians are found in India not Persia/Iran.
@@manfreds.6384 Although that is true, Iran is where the second largest amount of Zoroastrians reside.
@@user-bm4cd9mc8q They mostly, if not entirely, centre around the city of Yazd.
Zoroastrianism actually survived in Africa well after it died in it's native domain (Iran/Iraq/Syria).
There's a separatist group in Myanmar - the Kachin Independance Army - that still has a few war elephants, but they're used as pack animals and don't see combat.
Survival of some ancient and classical languages:
- Latin has of course survived as a scholarly language in Europe for the last 2,000 years, but the spoken Latin of the Roman Empire gradually evolved into the Romance languages over the course of the 1st millennium CE. Today, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, and Romanian are the main descendants of the spoken Latin of Imperial times. Regions where Latin was formerly spoken centuries ago also include North Africa, Great Britain, the German Rhineland, Pannonia (modern Hungary), and the western Balkans
- Greek has been spoken in Greece since the 2nd millennium BCE, and so has one of the longest recorded histories of any language. At its height in Alexander's Empire and the Hellenistic Age, it was spoken from the western Mediterranean (Greek colonies in Iberia) all the way to India (the eastern Seleucid realm). Today, Greek is spoken mainly in Greece and Cyprus, with pockets of speakers still found in Anatolia, southern Italy, and the Caucasus.
- Egyptian has been spoken in the Nile Valley since at least the 4th millennium BCE, making it the oldest documented language that is still in use today. Though passing through a multitude of dynasties and periods of foreign rule, the Egyptian language never spread far from the Nile, at its height reaching only the Levant, Libya, and the upper Nile. Though the hieroglyphs fell out of use earlier, spoken Egyptian was the majority language of the Egyptian people all the way up to the Arab-Muslim conquest of the 600s, after which it gradually declined, as each generation that passed saw more of the population speak Arabic natively. The last period where Egyptian could be found as an everyday spoken language anywhere in Egypt was likely the 1600s. Since then, it has survived only as the liturgical language of the Egyptian Coptic Church - hence its modern name, Coptic.
- Many ancient Germanic languages survive today; for example, Old Norse, the language of Viking-age Scandinavia, has become modern Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic, while Anglo-Saxon has become modern English and Scots. Similarly, Old Frankish and Old Saxon likely survive today as the various Germanic dialects of the Netherlands and northern Germany. However, the East Germanic varieties - Gothic, Vandalic, and Burgundian - all went extinct. Vandalic and Burgundian most likely disappeared not long after the establishment of their kingdoms during the Migration Period, perhaps sometime in the 500s or 600s. Gothic in Iberia also likely disappeared by this time, and in Italy probably earlier. However, a small group of Goths ended up in the Ukrainian steppe, and eventually in Crimea, where their language was rediscovered some thousand years later during the Renaissance; it is possible that this Crimean Gothic survived as late as the 1600s in some isolated villages. Another possible ancient Germanic survival is that of the Lombardic language, spoken in Italy in the 500s to 700s. Two Germanic dialects of modern-day northern Italy, Cimbrian and Mòcheno, are probably splinters of Austro-Bavarian that arrived in the High Middle Ages, but it is also possible that they are survivals of Lombardic.
Interesting stuff, but I feel that a few notes are important. It's not entirely clear that Crimean Gothic was really "Gothic" as such or simply some other Germanic language variety; the attestation is so small that it's extremely difficult to tell.
Also, the Germanic languages of Italy are very clearly unrelated to Lombardic. Linguistically, they've all undergone the High German Consonant Shift and possess lexemes that indicate a special relation to Bavarian.
You should also include an Indian language tamil
All of which branched off from ancient Aryan
@@NahEirreanFear Latin, Greek, and Germanic are members of the Indo-European language family, but Ancient Egyptian is a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, which also includes the Berber and Semitic languages.
I remember seeing the Rogers and Hammerstein film "The King and I" with my mom when I was a kid. One scene that always stuck out to me was the king of Siam ordering his scribes to send President Lincoln a letter offering war elephants in his fight against the Confederates. I always thought it was a fictional scene, but how cool to think it was real!
Now imagine if Lincoln *had* taken him up on the offer and deployed war elephants against the South!
Civil War reenacting would definitely look different!
Elephants would have been of no use in the Civil War except maybe as pack animals.
When did basque myhtology die out? When did the viking Runnic inscriptions stop being used? When did the anatolian languages go extinct? When did gladiator games stop? When was the greek fire forgotten? When did the norse religion die out?
About gladiator games, I don't know about the rest of the Empire, and consider that by this time (especially in the West) central authority was not really firm, but basically at the beginning of the 5th century the colosseum still hold gladiatorial games. A Christian monk emtered in the Colosseum, tried to stop a gladatorial match and was lynched by the spectators.
Emperor Honorius, after the news, banned the gladiatorial games in all the Empire.
Probably they were still practised illegally for a while, but to my knowledge they faded out in the fifth century.
The widespread use of Runes disappeared in Scandinavia during the late Middle Ages, but I know of at least one inscription from the 16th century. A version of runes that were pretty heavily influenced by the Latin alphabet survived in a remote region until the early 20th century.
Q: What was the latest battle in history that archers or crossbowmen were the predominant form of missile weapons in an army that were used effectively in battle?
My guess would be a tribal fight in central africa around 1890 ?
In ww1 they used giant bows to shoot grenades into enemy trenches
@Sean Greenfield what?!
does it count if only one side is using archers or does it have to be all armies involved?
there was that one famous guy, Jack Churchill, who got a kill with a long bow in WWII. dont think that exactly answers your question tho
I heard a story about secluded Hellenic(Roman) pagans surviving under byzantine rule all the way up until the Turks found them, apparently living on a small island in the Aegean.
The story says that a shipwrecked Turkish soldier in the Aegean is taken in by some islanders and nursed back to health- until he discovers that they were pagans, once he's healed enough he leaves and goes back to his sultan/military leader and tells them about the pagan cult on this island, which the Turks then return to and lay waste to- killing, enslaving and destroying any idols there. I'm not sure if its a true story, I vaguely remember reading a wikipedia article about it but have completely failed to remember what exactly the event was called or the island, but I do remember they were characterized as Greek/Roman pagans, which the Turks considered a cult that needed to be destroyed as is taught in Islamic thought- with pagans being worse than all other in their teachings.
If true, what an asshole soldier.
@Graf von Losinj not true, most religions would do the same. Except Sikhs probably
@@ericmoralesgomez6513 or Very orthodox Buddhists
@Graf von Losinj this is so wrong
@Graf von Losinj Weird.... Somebody must have forgotten to tell the Baltic Crusaders.
the change from classical era to medieval era was much slower than the change from medieval era to the renaissance.
9:50 Principal Skinner : *That Elephant Ate My Entire Platoon.*
really interesting to see people take about ancient times really fascinating of human civilization
The end of something is always difficult to define. There are very few clear endings in history.
Question for video: How did the Germanic tribe known as Burgundians became a french speaking state and ruler of the dutchlands? How was that transformation. Playing EU4 made me wonder that. Thank you!
when you play the burgundians you play the people from the burgogne in the 15th century.
The migriation period was many centuries earlier . The conquest of France by Germanic peopls happended in the period of 5th to 7th century. The places where they lived adopted names from the people they conquered, like: France from the Franks, Burgogne form the Burgunds, also Lombardia form the Germanic Lombards in Italy and Normandie form the Normands ( those were Wikings though) etc.
The Germanic conquerers were a minority thoguh. Over time they adopted the language of the Romance speakers and became indishtinguible from the rest of the population. In the 15th century the Burgogne was romanized again for a long time, only the names remained.
The division between France and the Burgogne happpened because of dynastic disputes. The burgundian Monarchs had a claim that they should be kings of France iinstead, since they were also memebers of the house of Valois. That dispute lasted into the early modern times. Through marriages they gained control of the low lands and later they also intermarried with the Habsburgs, which is btw the reason why Spain later even had the burgundian warflag as their official flag and Charles V was raised in Brabant and his mothertongue was French.
@@Osterochse thank you very much for such complete answer! 😌👌 Thank you
@@Osterochse another cool example is the rurikovid dynasty "rus" people as they were called ("rower" in finnish or something I think) who came from sweden probably and ruled the early russian principalities and all the way until the late russian tsardom.
I would like to know more about the retreat of the Greek culture from the Black sea and western Mediterranean.
Once the Hellenes sat around the whole of the central seas, the Romans did not genocide them, so what happened?
There is a beautifully country called Greece which should answer most of your questions
Pretty sure widespread instability led to the Romans basically assimilating their culture from the west while others like Alexander, the Carthaginians, and the Mongols poked at their other borders until all the Greeks outside their home peninsula either died off or had the Greek bred out of them. But I'm not at all a reliable source.
@@bluesbest1 you know there are still Greeks and that there is a direct link between ancient by modern Greek culture. Oh my btw Leander was Greek
Alexander
@@lordt-dawgsen1413 Alexander expanded Hellas to central Asia. The Bacrian Greeks outlasted the French Greeks, Italian Greeks, and Ukrainian Greeks.
So no. Not Alexander. Do you want to try again?
Really interesting! Thank you for producing this video.
The last hieroglyphic inscription known to us is 6th century. It's a writing system, not a belief system!
POWERFUL INFO THANKS BRO
Great looking lamp, even better and informative video. Keep it up!
Yo, this is such as badass topic!!!! Jabzy you're a boss keep it up.
This is some superb content - subscribed!
I have wondered what became of some of the old roman patrician families. Did they die out or become medieval nobility? Are there any examples of patrician families surviving past the fall of the western empire, outside of eastern empire families?
Not a definitive answer with sources, but I heard in much of Western Europe the old Roman nobility primarily went into clergy as obviously the Roman Catholic Church still used written Latin and the Ex-Romans were much more literate than the new Germanic nobility. The Germans obviously became a military class but many Roman families remained in bureaucracy and Church. Into the middle ages you can still find clergy in Europe with very aristocratic Roman sounding names. Then eventually the lines between Romans and non-Romans just fell away and the two classes merged.
On another note, for much of the Papacy's existence until quite recently the position of Pope was dominated by Italian families, and in the beginnings families from near Rome specifically. Arguably some of these families were the descendants from patricians.
The consolations of philosophy by boetius was written by a Roman patrician senator under the rule of the ostrogothic kingdom in Italy. So they survived into the early middle ages in Italy for sure.
@@matheuroux5134 Wouldn't a majority of them have moved to byzantium? I'm sure some stayed in the west, but what about the majority?
@@sleepyjo9340 I have never heard of a migration of Romans to Byzantine after the fall of the West. I think by that time the Roman elite had no more allegiance to the principal of the Roman state anymore.
@@matheuroux5134 Ah okay I understand. I was just thinking the mobility would move somewhere less hostile, and more wealthy.
Also don't forget the Kushites who worshipped the ancient Egyptian gods as late as the late medieval period.
Great video bro🙌
This video is a great idea for making future videos! Maybe you could make it into a series. There’s a lot of great ideas and questions in the comments. I’d personally like to know more about technology in the Americas, like when did Aztecs and Mayans stop using their respective calendars, or what happened to the Incan Empire’s road system?
This is fascinating
very interesting
I've always wondered about the answers to these questions! Crazy to think there were followers of Zeus as late as the 800's!
People still worship imaginary sky gods now
Subscribed 😃
love the fact you have spoliarium in the backround
could be interesting to do a similar overview of native americans.
most native american tribes still honor their original spiritualism even if xtianity is common.
I suggest looking up the channel 'Traditional Navajo Teachings' here on UA-cam.
Higher IQ Eurasians are simply much more interesting and have much more interesting histories than new world and sub saharan humans
I Love The Content but I Also Really like the Background Music
It's crazy to think that people were still worshipping the Greek gods as late as the 800's. That just astounding that people still did that.
Iv meet a few pagans who still worship them today
@@francisbell1961 that doesn't count. Pretentious people worshipping the old extinct gods comes of as incredibly condescending and is not actual paganism.
really interesting topic how historians describe time periods is really depends on them because at the end thay are ones who write your history which is consider fact and taught in different education establishment if there wrong then we have to change the way we look at history people don't give enuff credit to them and also we should not treat what thay say as facts we should take it with agrain of salt
Was this more of a Q&A Jabzy from the comment section? If so,its a nice change.🤙🏻
Sooo good
There are actually people today that claim "Hellenic" as their religion, most are probably ironic but a few are serious about it. Obviously that's not quite the same as the ancient people that worshipped the pantheon though, it's likely a sort of counterculture thing today
Indeed; while their spiritual validity is beyond reproach none of these people practice a continuous unbroken tradition of Paganism, and as such, are not mentioned in the video, beyond a brief statement that they will not be mentioned further
@@TOBAPNW_ in Caucasian mountains there still are pagans(not neopagans but continuous) and groups where paganism merged with Christianity
@@sandromdivani9935 I find that very interesting; what groups exactly are you referring to?
@@TOBAPNW_ their is small province of xevsureti in Georgia(country in coucasian region), am half xevsurian to. small info about them if you are interested: this people still use pagan architecture but instead of idols they use cristian icons, they still have secred forests where you cant harm tree or even its leaf. Thay believe in 64 warrior gods(icons of cristian saints) which have mission to kill every last giant, a am not expert but also in Russian part of coucasus thire are adige(Circassians) people small part of them still are pagans,
@@sandromdivani9935 Reminds me of Christianity/Islam merging with pagan beliefs in Africa and Southeast Asia.
Saudi Arabia practices a unique form of slavery, essentially it is based upon visa, once you enter the country the visa you used to get in will soon be invalidated and you will be forced to work for no money for which ever company takes you just to keep living, theres no record of anyone leaving this slave system and due to a family member dying in it, i have come to understand alot about it; this is seperate to the prison slavery system practiced by north korea, the ccp and the usa, with the usa even having migrant camps working for them, north korean slavery is also somewhat unique as it is often being sent abroad usually to siberia either as wage slaves or prison slaves for the russian government (its unknown if all of the migrant slaves are being paid to come or if theyre also being used as diplomatic pawns, but it is known that atleast 5 camps were paid to come in as loggers, you can even find old camp sites from the camps that finished and returned to north korea and to get around the laws of slavery these camps are considered north korean land similair to embassy status' even the abandoned camps are still considered north korean land until lakl of there flags and imagery are taken down which has not happened at a camp yet
Up until the 90’s (I think) there was a National Stock Number (a way the military categorizes and tracks parts, tools, ammo, resources, etc.) for elephants because they were still listed as pack animals
Very interesting, entertaining and informative videos! By any chance do you know when our modern dating system was first used? When did documents start showing dates based on the modern calendar? Thanks!
2:02 the beginning
Modern horses first emerged in the Bronze Age Andronovo Culture that originated in Central Asia southeast of the Urals. They spread rapidly throughout Europe, completely replacing horses of previously existing type. All this happened during prehistory. Certainly, introduction of the modern horse into Mesopotamia was not accomplished by the Romans. The horses in the armies of Alexander The Great and the Persians he defeated were all fully modern. It is far more likely that the Persians introduced modern horses into Mesopotamia.
Remember Bukephalos!
When were the last followers of the Aztec and Inca religions?
Surprised you didn’t bring up Meroe. The kushites were building pyramids, worshipping an Egyptian pantheon, and writing in hieroglyphics long after Egypt became hellenized/romanized.
Though they became hellenised and christianised soon enough, as well
@@appleislander8536 Christianized but not really Hellenized.
They wrote with meroitic from around the 3rd century, which was about the same time Alexander reached Egypt. The hellenization of Egypt is also kind of iffy.
@@appleislander8536 they wrote Greek (sometimes) but followed forms of Christianity prominent in Egypt, not the Byzantine "catholic"/orthodox variety. The architecture of (and art within) some major buildings was clearly influenced by Byzantine style, but that not really sure that qualifies "hellenization" especially of the "ancient Greek" type. So, no "hellenization" is an overstatement.
Excellent video. A tiny omission: the Hussites made extensive use of war chariots, with a great success .
Those were more like wagons.
The Hyksos didn't just bring chariots to Egypt, they also brought the first horses. Before that, horses were either unknown, or unused.
Outlawing slavery is a violation of a man's right to choose to sell himself as a slave if he wants to.
Big brain
There are stories of Roman legionnaires after the fall of the west who apparently were still going around flying their old imperial standards for a time in the post-Roman kingdoms. They were basically a military warrior caste. They might have helped form the new warrior castes of the Germanic kingdoms in the west.
I seem to recall mentions of Chinese generals riding chariots late in the 1st millennium AD. But those would again have been personal transports - and doubtless handy raised platforms for surveying the battlefield from - rather than mass assault forces.
Chariots were used in China all the way to the start of the Mongol era. They were mostly personal transport for officers, yes, but there were also special combat chariots with extra long halberds used specifically in field battles against nomads back in the Tang dynasty. Three men rode the chariot and the horses were armored in the same way as Tang heavy cavalry horses. It allowed the Chinese to use soldiers not versed in horse archery to serve as a kind of horse archer while also turning them into basically one giant horseman who can lance both sides of his horse.
Can you talk about the Slavic-venetic cultural connection a la m. Laser history
How about a video of pre-Islamic Egypt right before the invasion?
I wrote in linear a and sacrificed a slave to Zeus last year.
Where did you take your informations?
The slave trade is unfortunately still well and alive. Mauritania is the last country in the world to officially abolish slavery back in just the 1980’s. And even then, the law wasn’t actually enforced, it wasn’t until around 2007 that the UN stepped in and forced Mauritania to enforce that law and arrest slavers.
But even then, slavery still exists there. It’s estimated that up to 20% of Mauritania is enslaved and there’s substantial rumors that more people have been arrested for anti slavery sentiment than those who actually perform slavery
The slave population is the biggest it has ever been. Sex slavery is massively common pretty much everywhere. The Arab world has the kafala system which is essentially slavery for foreigners. North Korea exports slaves to other countries to work there. Everywhere along the major refugee routes of the world you will find slaves, too.
Pretty sure nearly every country still has some form of slavery.
you should do a more in depth video about the last legions and the Byzantine military reforms that would have transformed the legions into something else
3:50 "Greek toga"
Wast that actually a toga or was it something else like a himation (or are those the same thing)?
You could also make a video of when the last norse and prehispanic Religion people.
Kinda sad that of all the things featured in this video, it's slavery that survived continuously to the present day.
More videos please. More like the China series with 3 parts that you recently did
Well that was super interesting. But a sad and depressing end...
Last salve auction was probably last night and there would be one today or tomorrow. Yes chattel slavery is still happening today.
What was the last animal sacrifice?
Who wore the last toga/was last to adopt pants
The last battle were slingers were used
When was cuneiform last used?
Your intro hard af
I’d love to know who was the last viking/when was the last viking raid
thats awesome the Romans saw Anubis and were like "in corporate that asap"
4:10 The Fayum portraits were not for "only an ethnically greek people". The Fayum portraits were made for a variety of people mainly Upper class hellenized Egyptians along with some Ethnic Greeks and Romans.
The misconception that Portraits was of Greeks is an outdated "fact".
It is like saying: say bellydancing was made by an ethnically Arab people. Bellydancing was made by an Arabized people(Egyptians). Same goes for the Fayum mummies. The practice was mainly done by Hellenized Ethnic Egyptians with a minority Egyptianized Ethnic Greeks. Not the other way around. Other than that great video👍🏼
What's the name of the documentary from the 60s?
the last ancient people are still alive and well worshiping the same god they have for millennia. The jews are contemporaries of all the civilizations mentioned in the video and are extant till this day
Please can you send me the reference or the book or video about the byzantine document.
When were the last copper or bronze weapons used in battle?
Probably before we adopted Guns
The races merge too. That's why I hate the "look at the natives today" argument for why Greek pharaohs we're somehow black. Are natives today in Downtown London or Detroit the same as two thousand years ago ?
The Italian documentary was a gonzo film (fake). They were popular back in the 80’s and early 90’s.
When have been recorded used in wars last time.
One would think that less than 500 years from a major world power having the Greco-Roman gods as its state religion to there being no worshippers at all is a very quick decline in that religion, but by Constantine's conversion at the Milvian Bridge, very few people still worshipped the old gods & most of them had chosen some cult or other such as Mithraism or Christianity.
Question: when was the last time a ruler demanded tribute from another?
Like yesterday lol. There's many trade deals that are incredibly uneven.
I recently visited the Siwa oasis in Egypt, and as there was no evidence that they every adopted Christianity, it is likely that they didn't convert to Islam until the 12th century. This means that they still worshipped some version of the old Egyptian religions. Very interesting place!
Where did the Saxons come from?
England has Roman mummies from the 3rd and 4th century I believe. I'll have a look
Some places in Africa are basically still living in the 300BC iron age(300bc Africa, not Europe or Asia). But I think within 1-2 generations parts of Africa will be 1st world.
Love when the video starts out with basically saying the title was straight bait and then an ad…
If a unit is called a Roman Legion does it still qualify. Does it have the traits and charistics we would recognize as being that of a Roman Legion?
If I type into the comments here certain quotes from this video, the comment is censored in about 30 seconds. UA-cam is fully censored today. Again, just try to comment on the content of the video, mention certain groups which in vay dead certain other groups, which are historical facts... and the comment is removed.
Spelling error above is to evade censorship.
When was the last canal dug? It seems to have mostly gone out of fashion
The Ribble Link was built not long ago, and the Suez Canal was doubled along much of its length (a second channel added, so ships can pass in both directions).
Anything about Assyrians?
7:22
Couldn't tachankas technically be counted as a type of chariot lol?
The last temple of classis Egypt was destroyed in 536ad when the last priests to Isis were forcibly removed from Philae by order of Emperor Justinian.
This is related to a question that I have been discussing for some time now: When did the Roman Empire stop being Roman and become Byzantine? (For example, when did they stop using SPQR as the official designation?) The Greek speaking sailors using Greek fire against Arabs were different from the Latin speaking Roman sailors ramming enemy ships at Actium. The transition was gradual, but it definitely happened.
When a Victorian historian decided to rewrite history.
I don't think there's an absolute answer to that. The Byzantine empire was called the Roman Empire always by its people. Even before the fall of the Western part, the Eastern was Greek speaking, so wasn't anything different for them.
The scholars though make some points as 1) when the Western part fell and the eastern part was the only remaining Roman state that was the beginning of the Byzantine empire.
2) After the 6th century, when the Byzantine empire abandoned the use of the Latin language in the official papers and adopted only Greek.
3) After 1204, the Eastern Roman Empire has begun being a medieval Greek state rather than an multi ethnic empire, even in the Byzantine texts we see that ideology.
And you can find even more dates from scholars to find something like a definite point that makes the Byzantine empire something else from traditional Rome.
The Byzantine empire was known as the Roman empire to all except western Europe because the HRE claimed that title, the papacy didn't want to support it, and a bunch of other cultural-political stuff. The people of the Byzantine empire were Roman when the west fell, and stayed Roman under their eastern administration, which was a direct continuation (as much as it can be since we're dealing with Roman history...) of the same Roman administration that had governed that region for decades, no centuries. There is no "stop point" because those people never ceased to be Romans, just of a different type. No group stays static for all history, and you could convincingly argue the gap between "Byzantines" and "Romans" was no greater, or smaller, than the gap between "late Romans" and "republican Romans". That's how it goes.
It's hard to find direct parallels to this in the modern world, not least because of the emergence of language-tied nation states, but even historically multilingualism on a state level was often associated with conquest and it was, as far as I know, not typical to share "citizen" status among all, including the conquered, before a large amount of assimilation occured, while _also_ preventing a type of nationalist or ethnic sentiment from developing or sustaining itself that might lead to separate identification (see Spain). However, imagine if the Cantonese-speaking areas of China, or a region of America where Spanish is predominately spoken, split off from the rest of the country which promptly collapsed and became part of/the base for a new country, with rapidly diverging cultures. Those Cantonese or Spanish speaking areas, at first, continue using both their "national" languages (Mandarin, English) alongside their increasingly widespread "regional" ones. Even as those regional languages become more prominent, their speakers (in these countries) still call themselves "Chinese" or "Américanos", or whatever, and most outsiders recognize them as such. Eventually, the "national" language is dropped, the "regional" language replaces it, and China becomes whatever "China" is in Cantonese, while "America" becomes "América". Have these places "ceased to be" Chinese or American? To me, no - not really. Spanish was always spoken in America, it has for a long time been the second most prominent language, and the implication that the people in those more Spanish speaking regions were somehow dependant on being part of the same country as the English speaking regions to be "American" (any more than the reverse) rings as hollow and vain to me. Because at the end of the day, guess who's still celebrating "Cuatro de Julio", observing Labor and MLK Day, reminiscing national events / tragedies, celebrating Thanksgiving in November, electing a president along the US system, enforcing the three-branch government, and so on?
Don't forget Zamolxism, a fusion of Thraco-Greek and possibly Slavic deities also existed into the 600s
Bet i can one or the equivalent within 3 block of any urban settlement. ..
I played Rise Of Kingdoms for a bit and it's kinda fun but the combat is NOT as advertised
With the Greek god Egyptian gods and more gods are coming back and there are many different occultic sects that are that are bring back these ancient religions it’s just that there are so many peoples that fallow the ways of abraham they just can’t be more well known
The Nuristani of Afghanistan were forcefully Islamised in 1896.
The closely related kalash of northern Pakistan haven't been Islamised yet and still worship the ancient Gods.
Some tribes of Russia such as the Mari practice shamanism as their only religion until today.
And than there's Zoroastrians in India and obviously Hinduism and Japanese Shintoism..
Hellenism never vanished, and so did other civilizations. Plethon Gemistus who died in 1453 wrote Nomoi a big Platonic philosophy book, including hymns to the God and analyzing myths like other philosophers did. Gennadius Scholarius burned copies of the book and became the first bishop of ottoman Constantinople, but a few chapters survived and the book is available in the bookstores in our era.
Plethon had students like Vissarion who spread hellenism to Europe, and the chance for a platonic school in Italy.
Also before Plethon there were Polytheistic kingdoms like the one of Leon Sgouros, but they were destroyed by the crusaders.
Around the time of Plethon there was Sheikh Bedreddin, who said , and mentioned angels of Zeus in one of his teachings.
In modern day Harran, back then called Hellenopolis it was a city of Polytheists, Hellenes, Babylonians, Egyptians, and the most famous God was Hermes Thoth. It was later completely destroyed by the Mongols.
Last war/battle that didn't use guns or any advanced weaponry?
Fantastic video, thank you. Zeus worship in Greece outlasted Visigothic Christianity in Spain, wow!!
When was the last time knights were used in battle?
Partially Armoured horsemen we're used until WW1.
This is a genuinely difficult question to answer, as it all depends how you define a Knight.
If you define knights as partially armoured warriors on horseback carrying a lance and/or a sword, then an argument could be made that they were still in use in WW1 as the previous poster pointed out.
If you think of knights as individuals who have been knighted by a monarch (such as the UK's Queen) then it's entirely possible for knights to fight even in the 21st century.
Knights as an aristocratic class of warriors began to fall out of favour in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 16th century (around the time of the Lutheran Reformation c.1517-1525).
Professional Men-at-arms and heavy cavalrymen wearing full 'suits' of armour and armed with swords, lances and maces continued to be used in European battlefields for the remainder of the 16th century. A famous example of this would be the French Gendarmes in the Italian Wars. If you saw a Gendarme or a Man-at-arms in full armour during this period you would've easily have mistaken them for a Knight as physically they were indistinguishable. The difference comes from the role a knight plays in society. Knights were more than just warriors. They also had their own culture centered around Chivalry, courtly love, jousting etc. These traditions began waning in the 16th century. By the early 17th century jousting had died out in Britain. There was less need for a knight as more professional, salaried, disciplined soldiers began to take their place with the rise of the centralised bureaucratic state in the early modern period.
Heavily Armoured cavalry (carrying Wheelock pistols and swords) called Cuirassiers began making an appearance in the 16th century and they continued to fight well into the 1640s-1650s during the English Civil War and the Thirty Years' War. Eventually they began to be replaced by more lightly armoured cavalry as armour became increasingly defunct due to the rise of more powerful muskets on the battlefield, which began to replace the arquebus firearms.