For all the people who are lazy to watch this video XD: This stage involves chemiosmosis which takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane (Cristae) • Reduced NAD and FAD are passed to the electron transport chain. • Reduced NADs and FADs release hydrogen atoms which then split up into H+ and 1e • Electrons move down an energy gradient across the ETC to release energy. • This energy is utilised to pump H+ ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space producing a proton gradient. • H+ then move down conc. gradient through ATP synthase back into the matrix via facilitated diffusion. • ADP + Pi → ATP, also occurs while the protons pass through ATP synthase. This happens by utilising the protons’ electrical potential energy for chemiosmosis. • Oxygen acts as the final e- acceptor to form water. 1/2(O2) + (2H+)+ 2e- → H2O Theoretically • Reduced NAD produces 3 molecules of ATP • Reduced FAD produces 2 molecules of ATP However, some energy is used to transport ADP into the mitochondrion and ATP into the cytoplasm ∴ Realistically • Reduced NAD produces 2.5 molecules of ATP • Reduced FAD produces 1.5 molecules of ATP
I have never commented on a video before, but I have to say thank you soo much, these videos do really help me a lot with my pharmacy foundation year, appreciate your time and effort, kind regards ❤️
HELLO, I JUST WANT TO KNOW THE NET PRODUCTS PRODUCED AND THEIR AMOUNTS PER GLUCOSE MOLECULE IN THE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION PROCESS, JUST LIKE YOU MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS VEDIOS.... BTW THIS VEDIO IS A LIFE SAVER. THANK YOU SO MUCH
thank you. Mark schemes always link it to oxygen being important as the final electron acceptor to enable the electron transport chain to continue and therefore ATP can still be made
Thank you for your video. I could completely understand what I wanted to know. I have one question. In your video you mentioned that "Reduced NAD and FAD" , are "Reduced NAD and FAD" NADH and FADH?
Hello, That would happen in the mitochondrial matrix. It is the enzyme that removes the H from NAD, and then H splits into protons and electrons. Hope that helps 😊
so the first stage of oxidative phosphorylation is NADH and FADH releasing hydrogen atoms that are split into electrons and protons? (btw love your videos super easy to understand honestly wish i had found your channel much more earlier)
Correct me if im not interpretting this correctly, but I think I heard the narrator say that when Oxygen picks Electrons at the end of the electron transport chain as well as protons and turns it into water...if so, will it produce enough water to keep a body sufficently hydrated, eliminating the need of exogenous sources, or at least reducing the amount significantly of what an average person consumes daily?
Hi Miss, I don’t get why oxygen is important with accepting electrons. If it accepts the electrons wouldn’t there be less electrons available for the electron transport chain?
the elections are continually released by the reduced coenzymes, but if oxygen didn't pick them up at the end of the chain then the chain couldn't continue and therefore no more H+ would be pumped across and then no more ATP would be made. Hope that helps!
Hello, that isn't a mistake, that is what happens. First, H+ is actively transported through proteins embedded in the membrane from the matrix into the intermembrane space (using the energy released from the ETC). This creates an electrochemical gradient, (more H+ in the intermembrane space compared to the matrix), and therefore H+ move down their concentration gradient, through ATP synthase back in the matrix.
Hello, chemiosmosis is at 3.20min in the video. It is the movement of protons down their concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion. Hope that helps :)
Cytochrome C is one of the proteins in the electron transfer chain, which is part of the redox reactions when the electrons move from protein to protein embedded within the cristae (this is not on the AQA A-level specification though if you study this).
For all the people who are lazy to watch this video XD:
This stage involves chemiosmosis which takes place in the
inner mitochondrial membrane (Cristae)
• Reduced NAD and FAD are passed to the electron
transport chain.
• Reduced NADs and FADs release hydrogen atoms which
then split up into H+ and 1e
• Electrons move down an energy gradient across the ETC
to release energy.
• This energy is utilised to pump H+ ions from the matrix to
the intermembrane space producing a proton gradient.
• H+ then move down conc. gradient through ATP synthase
back into the matrix via facilitated diffusion.
• ADP + Pi → ATP, also occurs while the protons pass
through ATP synthase. This happens by utilising the
protons’ electrical potential energy for chemiosmosis.
• Oxygen acts as the final e- acceptor to form water.
1/2(O2) + (2H+)+ 2e- → H2O
Theoretically
• Reduced NAD produces 3 molecules of ATP
• Reduced FAD produces 2 molecules of ATP
However, some energy is used to transport ADP into the mitochondrion and ATP into the cytoplasm
∴ Realistically
• Reduced NAD produces 2.5 molecules of ATP
• Reduced FAD produces 1.5 molecules of ATP
Goat
Love this 😄 But sure reading is just as much effort 😆
thanksss
ily
I love you so much
Thankful for these vedios they are helping us in our studies in biology
You're so welcome 😊😊
It's true
Videos mate
I don't know what I would have done without u. Thank u miss estruch!
You are so welcome and I hope this videos help you to achieve the grades you deserve!
Thank you so much for this to the point and clear explanation, you're a life saver❤️
So glad you liked it and found it clear to understand 😊
This helped so much with my hw. Also really appreciate how succinct the information is👍🏾👍🏾
Hello Venus,
I'm really glad it helped :) Thanks for the feeback.
What would normally take the better part of an hour, you did it in under 6 minutes. That is more than 10 times faster.
Thanks!
This helped me so much! I have spent the past week completely baffled about the entire process. Thank you so much
awww I'm so pleased to hear it has helped you understand 😀
@@MissEstruchBiology :)
I have never commented on a video before, but I have to say thank you soo much, these videos do really help me a lot with my pharmacy foundation year, appreciate your time and effort, kind regards ❤️
oh wow, I'm honoured to have earned your first comment! That's so amazing that my videos help with beyond A levels too!!
The best explanation on the net.
i have bio tommo afternoon and you've just saved me, thank you so much :)
Happy to help! Good luck!!!
this video is papar 2 content though!
@@MissEstruchBiologyOMG scared me for a second. I do OCR which has it on paper 1
Thank you so much Ms Estruch
You're so welcome
this 5 min video taught me more than lessons
ahhhh so pleased!!! I hope the rest all help you too@
I love these videos so much.
Thanks so much Miss Estruch.
Thank you! So glad you like them 😊
This video is very helpful thank you so much! So does the atp synthase act as a enzyme and a protein carrier at the same time?
Yes it does! :)
You are very welcome.
HELLO, I JUST WANT TO KNOW THE NET PRODUCTS PRODUCED AND THEIR AMOUNTS PER GLUCOSE MOLECULE IN THE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION PROCESS, JUST LIKE YOU MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS VEDIOS.... BTW THIS VEDIO IS A LIFE SAVER. THANK YOU SO MUCH
So helpful and so well explained thank you!
Thank you :)
Glad it was helpful!
This is amazing. So clear and made so easy. Thank you!! You have a new subscriber!!
So glad this video helped you! Thanks for subscribing, hope you enjoy all the new content too.
I have a test on cellular respiration tomorrow, and i have to say ur videos helped me alot !! Thank you so much🙏🏼❤️❤️
So pleased the videos have helped! I hope your test goes well :)
Goated teacher 💯
ahh thank you :D
thank you so much ,these explanations are more than clear
So pleased you found it clear to understand!!!
Amazing video, just wondering if the Oxygen is also important in preventing the protons build up in the matrix?
thank you. Mark schemes always link it to oxygen being important as the final electron acceptor to enable the electron transport chain to continue and therefore ATP can still be made
great video, made it very easy to understand :)
Really glad you found it easy to understand 🙌
Thank you for your video. I could completely understand what I wanted to know. I have one question. In your video you mentioned that "Reduced NAD and FAD" , are "Reduced NAD and FAD" NADH and FADH?
hey! Yes they are the same thing 😊
The day before my A Level and I finally understand respiration, thank you so much!!
how did it go?
@@eragon1378 it went well i got the grade i needed :)
@@zara8313 Fantastic! really nice to hear, I've got my a levels this year 😬😬😬
@@eragon1378 good luck!!
Where do the electrons come from when this process first begins? great video by the way, thank you
They come from photolysis. The water is split into h+ , electrons and oxygen
NADH and FADH is oxidised to NAD and FAD, releasing electrons
Hi in class my teacher spoke about NADH dehydrogenase which oxides NAD. Where would this take place ??:)
Hello,
That would happen in the mitochondrial matrix. It is the enzyme that removes the H from NAD, and then H splits into protons and electrons.
Hope that helps 😊
so the first stage of oxidative phosphorylation is NADH and FADH releasing hydrogen atoms that are split into electrons and protons? (btw love your videos super easy to understand honestly wish i had found your channel much more earlier)
Hello,
So glad you are finding them helpful!
Yes, that has to happen first in order for chemiosmosis to occur 😊
@@MissEstruchBiology is chemiosmosis another name for oxidative phosphorylation?
thank you very much!
You're welcome :D
you explain it really well and make it easy to understand and remember, thank you :)
Hey Ella,
So glad you think so and that it helped you!! Hopefully it helps you remember for your assessments 🤞🤞
@@MissEstruchBiology thank you :)
Correct me if im not interpretting this correctly, but I think I heard the narrator say that when Oxygen picks Electrons at the end of the electron transport chain as well as protons and turns it into water...if so, will it produce enough water to keep a body sufficently hydrated, eliminating the need of exogenous sources, or at least reducing the amount significantly of what an average person consumes daily?
Hello, no it isn't enough water for the needs of the body
@@MissEstruchBiology Delicate territory here. How does one determine the amt required for proper hydration?🤔
where have the 10 reduced NAD come from. I thought there were 2 from glycolysis, 2 from the links reaction and 4 from the Krebs cycle
Hello,
You gain 6 from the Kreb's cycle (3 per cycle, but the cycle runs twice per glucose molecule)
hi miss, do we need to learn about the cytochrome chain? my teacher explained this but i have no idea what its about and you havent mentioned it
not for AQA
Hi Miss, I don’t get why oxygen is important with accepting electrons. If it accepts the electrons wouldn’t there be less electrons available for the electron transport chain?
the elections are continually released by the reduced coenzymes, but if oxygen didn't pick them up at the end of the chain then the chain couldn't continue and therefore no more H+ would be pumped across and then no more ATP would be made.
Hope that helps!
lifeee saver!!!!!!
So glad it helped
Wowww
This is soo good and explanatory!!!!
Definitely recommend your videos !
Thank you! 😃
Really glad you liked it
You are an honest boss at what you do, thank you so much!
haha thank you!!! 😁 So pleased you like them
around 3:35 you made the mistake of saying H+ move down their concentration gradient via ATP synthase
Hello,
that isn't a mistake, that is what happens.
First, H+ is actively transported through proteins embedded in the membrane from the matrix into the intermembrane space (using the energy released from the ETC). This creates an electrochemical gradient, (more H+ in the intermembrane space compared to the matrix), and therefore H+ move down their concentration gradient, through ATP synthase back in the matrix.
what is the chemiosmotic theory?
Hello,
chemiosmosis is at 3.20min in the video. It is the movement of protons down their concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion. Hope that helps :)
very helpful thank you
You're welcome! Really glad it helped !
Jesus loves you all
amen bro🙏🏾
Amen bro
Loves you too fr fr ❤
Also, what is the role of Cyt C in this process?
Cytochrome C is one of the proteins in the electron transfer chain, which is part of the redox reactions when the electrons move from protein to protein embedded within the cristae (this is not on the AQA A-level specification though if you study this).
❤🌹
Hope the video is helpful
@@MissEstruchBiology well done really