Countercurrent mechanism in kidney | Concentration of urine | Renal system Physiology mbbs 1st year
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- Опубліковано 21 вер 2024
- Physiology lecture on renal system physiology details countercurrent mechanism for the concentration and dilution of urine.
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Kidneys need to excrete concentrated or dilute urine depending on the hydration status of the body. The concentration or dilution of urine depends on the presence of a gradient of hyper osmolarity in medullary interstitium. Basic function of countercurrent mechanism is to make the medullary interstitium hypertonic. Ultimately, it will help in excretion of a concentrated or dilute urine as required.
Countercurrent multiplier:
Ascending limb of LOH is permeable to solutes only and descending limb is permeable to water only. Permeability in thick ascending limb to solutes is by active transport by transporter Na+K+2Cl- present on the apical membrane of cells of thick ascending limb.
Permeability to water in descending limb is passive.
The fluid which filters through the Bowman’s capsule has the same osmolarity as that of blood i.e 300 mOsm/L of fluid. Now we are considering the first time as fluid passes through the nephron.. So everywhere osmolarity is 300 mOSm/L. Now as the filtered fluid of 300 mosm/l osmolarity passes through the nephron, even though it passes through the descending limb, there will be no net movement of water because the osmolarity is same everywhere.
As the filtrate passes through the ascending limb, the Na+K+2Cl- transporter, starts throwing out these ions into the interstitium since it is active transport. Because of this, the osmolarity of interstitium increases and osmolarity of fluid in the nephron decreases. So fluid in the nephron becomes hypotonic.
Now this effect on osmolarity of medullary interstitium by passing of fluid in the nephron is known as Single Effect.
As second cycle of fluid passes through the descending limb, because of the first cycle there is a gradient for water to move. So passive movement of water occurs from descending limb into the medullary interstitium and the osmolarity of tubular fluid increases.
Now as the hypertonic fluid of nephron passes through the ascending limb , Na K+2cl- throws out more and more ions, decreasing the osmolarity of the tubular fluid while increasing the osmolarity in medullary interstitium. So this will create a gradient of osmolarity in medullary interstitium.
This medullary osmolarity keeps on increasing with each cycle of fluid passing. So this is multiplication of the single effect and the osmolarity keeps on increasing until 1200 mOsm/L.
Countercurrent exchanger
The osmolarity of the blood is 300 mOsm/L. The capillary bents into a U shape. In vasa recta, water moves out of the capillary while salt moves into the capillary in descending limb while opposite movement of water and salt occurs in ascending limb.
So, this is how gradient in medullary interstitium is maintained.
Because of generation of medullary hyperosmolarity, end result is presence of hypoosmolar tubular fluid in DCT, is hypo-osmotic , so a dilute urine is excreted.
However to concentrate urine, we need ADH
ADH increases the permeability of cells to water in last part of distal tubules, collecting tubules and collecting ducts. Only if medullary interstitium is hyperosmolar, water will move from nephrons into the medullary interstitium and then into the blood.
So for concentration urine, ADH and hyperosmolar medullary gradient is needed.
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This video should be on top of the search for counter current mechanism...then i wouldn't had to go through all videos to get this gem....
Wow...thanks for the beautiful comment. Hope UA-cam listens.
Truly thanks mam..
Always my pleasure
How does NaCl move into vasa recta as it goes deep into interstitium
Deep into interstitium? NaCL is not bound to any other chemical. It can move
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😊delighted 😎
I tried learning this from 2 years since 11 th , finally understood in mbbs 1st year today ,you are the best mam keep uploading such awesome videos.Any concept I need in physio I always come to your channel.Thankyou
Thanks Rohan. So happy to clear 2 years pending concept
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Thanks for the appreciation. Hopefully UA-cam pays attention to this. Thanks 😊
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I never seen this much clear explanation in any medical related videos
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Simple and to the point , great explanation! Thank you ma'am
Most welcome
Best way anyone has taught me counter current....i used to run away from renal...not anymore...thanks mam .BEST PHYSIO TEACHER HANDS DOWN!!!
All the best. Thanks for the compliment. Will keep trying to be better
I have seen so many videos regarding counter current mechanism but this is the best video which explained concept in the most easiet way
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Wow this lecture is the best video for counter current multiplayer and exchanger
? Can be from a small place and small person
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Really good explanation. I find it very hard and tiring when I read the textbook and try to analyse it on my own. But watching your video made it so easier that I could now explain it to anyone confidently. Thank you so much❤
Such a reflective comment. Glad to know the video helped you learn as well as made you confident to explain to others
I have watched so many videos about countercurrent mechanism,but i couldn't understand anything,but this video is marvellous 😮❤oh my god i understand every concept about this mechanism easily
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Thank you so much ma'am!!
Never understood why it's called counter current multiplier until now!!! 🙏
Glad you finally know and understood 😊👍
Madam
I am a physiologist
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I hope this will be useful for those naughty student who does not listen in class and find difficulty during final exam preparation
Thanks. Coming from a physiologist, it means a lot to me
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Glad it was helpful! Thank so much for beautiful comment
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This is first time I am understanding the mechanism of countercurrent. Thank you so much ma'am
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But 1 question…what is the role of Urea in countercurrent multiplier
Yeah that I didn’t say here…it recycles , increasing medullary osmolarity…moreover it’s permeability is increased by ADH…so when water reabsorption is required more, medullary osmolarity increases due to urea…this facilitates further concentration of urine
Thank you so much
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Thank you mam for this amazing explanation of counter current mechanism. Though I am a class 10 student and this topic is being explained by our teacher very briefly in school but I understood nothing. Your video cleared all the concepts and doubts I had.
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If I had seen this 10 min video 10 days back , I would have saved 10 days time of mine. Brilliant!! crystal clear explanation. Thank you very much madam.But small doubt is still remained, what about the direction and speed of blood flow in vasa recta? You didn't talk about that. Kindly reply
Speed of flow in vasa texts is quite less…this allows for better exchange,..and direction is again parallel and opposite
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man...Now I
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Sure.
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Ma'am plz also explain role of urea in countercurrent mechanism
Sure
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