Watching these makes me realize I need to revisit my topography and make a higher resolution version to really define my world's land masses. Which means acquiring illustrator I suppose.
Affinity Designer is a fairly capable Illustrator like program. I've been using it for a long time and really enjoy it, in some ways better than Adobe's offering. I can't remember the price, but it's a one time purchase. I got my copy on sale for $30
I recently switched from Illustrator to Inkscape, which is open source and free. I honestly wish I'd done it sooner! Illustrator has some neat tools that other vector programs don't, but they're *not* worth paying the Adobe tax.
@@kittycatcaoimheagreed. If you want very rough coastlines, bring your brush size down a lot, then use the dynamic paint feature and turn down the drag to about 0.7.
Valleys also trap heat and moisture, and thus, it might be one of the rainiest places on the planet. Also, plenty of places would be monsoon-influenced in this kind of world, so fun stuff also.
The further this series goes on, the more I realize I would just... Enjoy watching someone do this process in time-lapse without the tutorialised elements.
It's soothing in a Bob Ross kind of way... though you do definitely need the tutorial elements to enjoy it, 'cause otherwise you wouldn't know what the heck is going on.
I really like how you went about this. Having the prevailing winds keep their directions right up to the last minute, and how you have all the latitudinal fronts makes so much sense! And the fun bit at the end for needing really big oceans for the ENZO events is very cool. I doubt I will ever worldbuild to this level, but it would be cool to learn how to map dipoles and those kinds of events to the point that you could predict more minor and complex monsoon patterns... one of those things on my research wishlist that I doubt I will get to. Can't wait for the next one! I love upwelling... Oh, and getting the right spin direction is the literal worst. I mess it up every time!
Great video, Artifexian! When you get to figuring out precipitation patterns on your world (I presume this will happen), take note of the positioning of those subtropical highs. If you look at Earth's subtropical highs, especially during the summer, you will notice that the western side of the highs is wet and stormy, while the eastern side is high and dry. This wetness on the western side actually extends fairly far inward into the high itself, while the dryness on the east side encroaches very close to the strongest low pressure over the continents. My guess as to why this happens is that all the moist air on the western side is very unstable and apt to rising with very little disturbance required, and that all this rising air eventually sinks on the eastern side of these highs. This sinking would be an upper atmospheric phenomena that wouldn't show up on the surface maps, but it would absolutely still hinder precipitation formation. I just thought that this quirk of circulation patterns would be worth noting, but since you already shifted your highs towards the cold currents anyway maybe this potential problem already corrects itself :)
oh my gosh... i found Madeline about two years ago when i started world building, plotting my novel, and map making... she's amazing... i also used all of your old videos to help with my map making... now i want to scrap it all and start over using your new series...
11:21 Edgar, Problem: the Coriolis Force is a function of latitude. And it is _ZERO_ at the equator. The way you're drawing your winds from the Southern Hemisphere highs assumes a _constant_ Coriolis force across the Equator. Momentum will still have the winds from the Southern cells directed westward slightly, even after crossing the Equator. The winds from the Northern cells will continue bending westward, and will be the main driver of the Easterlies along the ITCZ.
@@Matters- Even if they do, they won't recognize you as a completely different name. You may want to say what your previous screen name was if you want there to be any chance they recognize you
I was having a rough day yesterday and then I saw that this video had been uploaded. I didn't have time to watch it then but just seeing that there was a new Artifexian video made me feel a little better.
I understand more about how weather fronts work/happen from watching this video than any other place I have learned about them. It might be simplified, but this explanation of wind patterns makes the weather reports I see for here in Alberta makes sense in that I somewhat understand the pattern behind it now! Had lots of "aha!" moments through the video as I realized "oh, *that's* why the weather does [thing] here"
This Ocean 29:27 actually _is_ large enough to have an Equatorial "ENSO-like" Oscillation. What you need for ENSO is just uninterrupted Ocean straddling the Equator between 5°N and 5°S, that is both deep enough for the Thermocline to never touch bottom, and long enough for the Thermocline to develop any amount of slope. Strong upwelling at the eastern-end will also help. The Indian Ocean, for example, has an Equatorial Oscillation, just not as strong as ENSO. Also, the "Maritime Continent" [as Indonesia + Australia is called] is porous, so the Western-Pacific Warm-Pool will spill into the Eastern Indian Ocean, both weakening the Indian Ocean's "ENSO" as well as strongly-coupling it to ENSO. So, it's not the Indian Ocean's shorter-width, but the fact that its coupled so strongly to the Pacific-ENSO, that's the reason why the Indian Ocean's "ENSO" isn't quite _as_ visible or as independent. I did my doctoral dissertation on Predictability in ENSO, BTW. 😁 Still, Raoul _is_ correct that the Oceans you show at 29:46 and 29:48 will be the _strongest_ Equatorial Oscillations. Especially since the two of them will be strongly coupled. I'm going to call the ocean you show at 29:46, the Big Western Ocean, or BWO. The one at 29:48, I'll call the Big Eastern Ocean, or BEO. I'll also call the Peninsular Subcontinent running North-South and separating BWO and BEO something … NSPS. Now, here's how your "ENSO" is going to work: The BWO and BEO will _both_ have their own "ENSO"-cycles. Both will have their own version of the Warm Pool at their eastern sides, on the Equator. However, the BEO's Warm Pool will sit right off of the eastern coast of the NSPS. Now, the Warm Pools will also be at a higher-altitude above mean sea-level, while the "Cold Tongue" at the other side of the ocean will be at a lower altitude. This is actually the case with _all_ of Earth's oceans. But here, on your planet, we have a higher-altitude Warm Pool off of the eastern coast of the NSPS, that "Cold Tongue" of the BWO sitting off of the NSPS' western coast … and a _northern coast_ connecting the two! You are going to _periodically_ have _strong currents_ flowing along the northern coast of the NSPS because of that: 1) BWO El-Niño + BEO El-Niño == Weak/no BEO warm-pool and eastward-sloshed BWO warm-pool == No sea-level gradient across the NSPS north-coast. == Weak westward current across the NSPS north-coast 2) BWO El-Niño + BEO La-Niña == Strong, high BEO warm-pool + eastward-sloshed BWO warm-pool == High sea-level off of the eastern-coast of the NSPS. == Sea-level gradient across the NSPS north-coast. == Strong westward current across the NSPS north-coast 3) BWO La-Niña + BEO El-Niño == Weak/no BEO warm-pool + Strong BWO warm-pool & cold-tongue == Lower sea-level off of the western-coast of the NSPS. == Sea-level gradient across the NSPS north-coast. == Strong westward current across the NSPS north-coast 4) BWO La-Niña + BEO La-Niña == Strong, high BEO warm-pool + Strong BWO warm-pool & cold-tongue == High sea-level off of the eastern-coast of the NSPS _and_ Lower sea-level off of the western-coast of the NSPS. == Big Sea-level gradient across the NSPS north-coast. == Super-Strong westward current across the NSPS north-coast From this, we can see that there will _almost always_ be a strong westward current along the northern coast of the NSPS _except_ during a double-El-Niño, in both the BWO and BEO. Now, another thing that you can see from the above is that the NSPS will _almost always_ have a pool of warm water off of one or both of its coasts. The exception will be #3, when the BEO's warm-pool has migrated away. It is during these times that the NSPS, normally very wet, will be _dry_ … and therefore, quite succeptible to forest-fires. Lastly is the situation with Upwelling. If the NSPS continued further north, like up to around 15-20°N, upwelling in the BWO would be decoupled from the BEO's ENSO. But that's not the case on your world. That strong westward current across the north-coast of the NSPS transports both heat and water to the BWO's eastern side, where the upwelling would usually occur. So, what _may_ happen is that, instead of getting upwelling off of the NSPS' western coast, you'll instead have a subsurface, deep-water current flowing eastward from the BWO to the BEO. This is almost _certainly_ the situation in case #4, as the surface-current will just be too strong and will block upwelling. In case #1 and #2, the eastern-BWO's upwelling is shut off due to the El-Niño happening in it. So, that leaves cases #3. You might be tempted to say, "Well, we have that surface-current across the northern-coast of the NSPS, so we'll just have the same situation as case #4: A subsurface deep-water eastward current." Sure. We could. But, we could _also_ have a complex Mixing occurring off of the west-coast of the NSPS. The eastern-BWO _still_ has strong easterlies trying to generate upwelling [with a corresponding subsurface current flowing back east], but there's also that surface water coming from the BEO's higher sea-surface levels. This isn't the warm-pool, since the BEO is in an El-Niño, but the La-Niña in the BWO will lower the sea-surface level on its eastern Equatorial side. But, I could also see an argument for saying, "Nope. Case #3 is the same as case #4." If you do that, then you'll have a situation where the BWO and BEO ENSOs are strongly coupled half of the time, and weakly coupled the other half. So, if we do that, then the BWO and BEO behave _similar_ to the Pacific Ocean as far as ENSO is concerned. Even if you do the latter, you'll still have the situation where the NSPS is almost always wet. And that other ocean at 29:27 will still have its own ENSO-cycle.
Very enjoyable series even though I have no need for the skills, I've enjoyed following along and doing my own worldbuilding project when I have the time. One small thing I'm wondering with this video - will the polar fronts be marked in?
Not really! As mentioned in the video they are pretty variable so I'm reluctant to mark them in. But we'll be referencing the polar front region in upcoming videos.
Closest thing to the weird enclosed bay would be patagonia I think. Not sure its justifiable to give the warm current of the gyre so much power, I don't see that much heat leaking through the narrow opening in the south compared to the surge of cold water allowed in from the north. My hunch is the western side is somewhere between patagonia and texas, while the eastern side is much colder than usual. Mostly dfb with little to no corridor of cfb along the coast. The other thing that makes me think this is the highland area on the western continent: If its frozen over with an ice-cap katabatic winds will dessicate the lands downwind of it like what happened in siberia during the LGM.
The large central lake would probably be quite filled up, since in the summer, it would be rained on plenty thanks to all the on-shore winds with a lack of a rain-shadow, and it would have quite dry winters, but provided they are cold enough, what little snow arrives there would all melt into the lake in spring. A few rivers fed by the polar easterlies would also contribute to filling the lake. In fact, given the dry climate in this region, they might actually hope for a long, cold winter, since it's what would insure them enough moisture for the year.
One day I'll like a major re-do of the Isles and poles of Nirrini. I love the southern pattern of the continent as it is, so no change there. It will just remain unrealistic if it is unrealistic
I absolutely love this series and the resources you provide. Many of them have helped me a lot, even if I don't use them in as much detail as you do. I appreciate the work you put into them (especially the frequent corrections and updates!). Currently, I'm focusing more on plotting than worldbuilding, but I still enjoy seeing how your world develops. On another note, I wanted to ask: Is there a different platform you could use? UA-cam is becoming more and more annoying with their decisions and I´m trying to move away from it. I really love your videos; I learn a lot from them and would love to continue watching, just preferably not on here. If not, that´s fine. I´m obviously going to continue watching your videos here, not as regularly, but just as excited. Keep updating us about your projects!
Neat video. I am curious the wind patterns of (edit: western part of) the top left continent as shown at 30:10 . Shouldn't there be more westerly winds across it in winter and less winds at at around 35N in summer? Just because similar places to it in the real world like Europe and Western N. America tend to have rainy winters while having dry summers, at least in the south.
If those high pressure zones at 10:13 are moving clockwise, you drew the direction of airflow curved in the wrong direction. Think of how a hurricane moves. It pulls air in from the fringes and into the center in the direction of spin. Unless I'm misunderstanding something fundamental about how coriolis spirals function?
We are marking in areas of high pressure, aka anticyclones, here. They spin clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere. Hurricanes are low pressure zones, aka cyclones. They spin counterclockwise in the north hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
I'm not sure about this but those doglegs in the wind where they cross the equator don't look right to me. I would have thought the wind would have started to bend slowly back the other way rather than rapidly reversing. So they would start to go left less quickly, not suddenly turn right. The way I'd think about it is this. Imagine a wind coming into the equator at 1 degree off parallel. Do we really think it would reverse direction and come back out at 1 degree off parallel in the opposite direction. This seems to be the conclusion of this approach.
i dont have THIS MANY tools at my disposal, so my worlds are never this in depth, but this time my worlds history and sentient spec-bio has a lot to do with water+wind currents so thats fun. glad to know its semi-accurate.
Bear in mind this is an oversimplified model but still you can see this reverse of direction really well in the Indian Ocean earth.nullschool.net/#2023/01/01/1100Z/wind/surface/level/overlay=mean_sea_level_pressure/orthographic=65.42,-0.79,917/loc=107.688,-87.617
@@Artifexian I too felt that the bends drawn at the equator were a little abrupt. What's interesting, looking at the Indian Ocean, is that the winds to the south start to bend eastwards about 5 degrees *before* they cross the equator. So Coriolis can't be the only factor. Also, it isn't a sharp transition; the Coriolis force gets weaker the closer you get to the equator according to the sine of the latitude (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_force#Applied_to_the_Earth).
I don't understand the winds switching direction at the equator. They're flipping to go directly against the direction the winds from the north are going. I'd have said they'd join up and head the same way (ie - west).
They end at the low pressure zone(The ITCZ) as they flow from high to low pressure. The East/West drift as they travel north to the ITCZ is due to the Corriolis Effect of the rotation of the Earth. The Corriolis effect has the opposite effect on South Hemisphere Winds than on North Hemisphere Winds, so they switch direction as they cross the Equator.
super curious how climate zones work, do they change with the seasons? is there a new way to approximate them? is there no real true way to guess them at all?
if you use the koppen climate, then the seasons the doesnt matter. because the koppen climate already includes minimum and maximum temperature and minimum and maximum precipitation annually into the categories example, A category( the tropical climate) have a specific minimum and maximum heat and precipitation throughout the year. so if at any moment it doesnt meet the minimum or exceeds the maximum, then its not actually tropical and you accidentally did it wrong if a place meets that requirement, its that climate, no matter the season.
Does the direction of the wind really change so dramatically when it crosses the equator? Near the equator, the coriolis effect is almost zero. I find it hard to believe that the wind would just curve in a sudden 90 degree bend in as such a small an area as you drew on the map just because it crossed a the equator. The planet's circumference at those latitudes and therefore the west-to-east momentum of everything at its surface changes less with a shift in a few degrees latitude near the equator than it does anywhere else on the planet.
IRL it's obviously more complicated than the simplified model shown here, but you can see dramatic changes in wind direction crossing the hemispheres in the Indian ocean. earth.nullschool.net/#2023/01/01/1100Z/wind/surface/level/overlay=mean_sea_level_pressure/orthographic=65.42,-0.79,917/loc=107.688,-87.617
@@ArtifexianI'm not sure that the sharp bend in winds in that link are down to the coriolis effect. I think they are a specific local phenomenon caused by the lower pressure stretching out from Australia/South East Asia. Note that a similar sharp bend is happening to winds in the Southern hemisphere at around 10 degrees south. These all eventually get pulled into the stonking great low over Australia. I just cannot see any physical reason for the sharp dogleg. As I said in a comment elsewhere on the video, I would expect the coriolis effect the slowly bend the winds so that initially they just headed a little less towards the West and a little more towards the North, which looks like much of what we see over the Pacific in the link you posted.
I'm a little confused why there isnt an AI program that automates this process. It's a lot of work, but it doesn't seem to be complicated step by step.
Check out WorldbuildingPasta's blog for software to do most of this for you. Just be aware that it really isn't the most accessible option. worldbuildingpasta.blogspot.com
![Lp. Сердце Вселенной #60 РОЖДЕНИЕ ЛОЛОЛОШКИ [Финал] • Майнкрафт](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/YoR0pAV9FVQ/mqdefault.jpg)
I can't wait to binge the entire series in like ten years lol
Watching these makes me realize I need to revisit my topography and make a higher resolution version to really define my world's land masses. Which means acquiring illustrator I suppose.
If you're willing to use a different tool than the one he uses, Krita is free and is quite powerful itself.
Affinity Designer is a fairly capable Illustrator like program. I've been using it for a long time and really enjoy it, in some ways better than Adobe's offering.
I can't remember the price, but it's a one time purchase. I got my copy on sale for $30
I recently switched from Illustrator to Inkscape, which is open source and free. I honestly wish I'd done it sooner! Illustrator has some neat tools that other vector programs don't, but they're *not* worth paying the Adobe tax.
@@kittycatcaoimheagreed. If you want very rough coastlines, bring your brush size down a lot, then use the dynamic paint feature and turn down the drag to about 0.7.
I definitely second the recommendation for Inkscape
I love the sea-valley between a two mountains, since the wind is funneled, it will be very windy in there and ships will have a fun time.
Valleys also trap heat and moisture, and thus, it might be one of the rainiest places on the planet. Also, plenty of places would be monsoon-influenced in this kind of world, so fun stuff also.
The further this series goes on, the more I realize I would just... Enjoy watching someone do this process in time-lapse without the tutorialised elements.
Someone SHOULD do that, but this series is a great resource for worldbuilders BECAUSE of its tutorial style.
It's soothing in a Bob Ross kind of way... though you do definitely need the tutorial elements to enjoy it, 'cause otherwise you wouldn't know what the heck is going on.
this is like a cooking video to me. i love watching it because i love fantasizing about being someone who would be productive with this information
Me fr
I really like how you went about this. Having the prevailing winds keep their directions right up to the last minute, and how you have all the latitudinal fronts makes so much sense! And the fun bit at the end for needing really big oceans for the ENZO events is very cool. I doubt I will ever worldbuild to this level, but it would be cool to learn how to map dipoles and those kinds of events to the point that you could predict more minor and complex monsoon patterns... one of those things on my research wishlist that I doubt I will get to. Can't wait for the next one! I love upwelling...
Oh, and getting the right spin direction is the literal worst. I mess it up every time!
Hi, Madeline! I love your work!❤
Great video, Artifexian!
When you get to figuring out precipitation patterns on your world (I presume this will happen), take note of the positioning of those subtropical highs. If you look at Earth's subtropical highs, especially during the summer, you will notice that the western side of the highs is wet and stormy, while the eastern side is high and dry. This wetness on the western side actually extends fairly far inward into the high itself, while the dryness on the east side encroaches very close to the strongest low pressure over the continents. My guess as to why this happens is that all the moist air on the western side is very unstable and apt to rising with very little disturbance required, and that all this rising air eventually sinks on the eastern side of these highs. This sinking would be an upper atmospheric phenomena that wouldn't show up on the surface maps, but it would absolutely still hinder precipitation formation. I just thought that this quirk of circulation patterns would be worth noting, but since you already shifted your highs towards the cold currents anyway maybe this potential problem already corrects itself :)
oh my gosh... i found Madeline about two years ago when i started world building, plotting my novel, and map making... she's amazing... i also used all of your old videos to help with my map making... now i want to scrap it all and start over using your new series...
11:21 Edgar, Problem: the Coriolis Force is a function of latitude. And it is _ZERO_ at the equator. The way you're drawing your winds from the Southern Hemisphere highs assumes a _constant_ Coriolis force across the Equator.
Momentum will still have the winds from the Southern cells directed westward slightly, even after crossing the Equator. The winds from the Northern cells will continue bending westward, and will be the main driver of the Easterlies along the ITCZ.
A new upload... Today is a good day
Hello! Remember me? I watched your livestreams! Like the one with Sim City! I’ve changed my name tho (from Finding Forts)
@@Matters- Even if they do, they won't recognize you as a completely different name. You may want to say what your previous screen name was if you want there to be any chance they recognize you
@@Ratchet4647 oh ok!
Always a good day when a new Artifexia comes out!
Lakes, Fjords, Coasts, Rivers, Glaciers & Climate Map 😍😍😍
I was having a rough day yesterday and then I saw that this video had been uploaded. I didn't have time to watch it then but just seeing that there was a new Artifexian video made me feel a little better.
Hope all is well now. Look after yourself, buddy.
This is one of my favorite series, if you ever reach biology, of any type, I’ll be very excited
I will … eventually. Whole project is a 3-5 year thing
@@Artifexian lol
Well, I mean, I don’t think I’ll be busy for the next 3 to 5 years I can wait
I understand more about how weather fronts work/happen from watching this video than any other place I have learned about them. It might be simplified, but this explanation of wind patterns makes the weather reports I see for here in Alberta makes sense in that I somewhat understand the pattern behind it now! Had lots of "aha!" moments through the video as I realized "oh, *that's* why the weather does [thing] here"
Hello, fellow albertan!
This Ocean 29:27 actually _is_ large enough to have an Equatorial "ENSO-like" Oscillation. What you need for ENSO is just uninterrupted Ocean straddling the Equator between 5°N and 5°S, that is both deep enough for the Thermocline to never touch bottom, and long enough for the Thermocline to develop any amount of slope. Strong upwelling at the eastern-end will also help.
The Indian Ocean, for example, has an Equatorial Oscillation, just not as strong as ENSO. Also, the "Maritime Continent" [as Indonesia + Australia is called] is porous, so the Western-Pacific Warm-Pool will spill into the Eastern Indian Ocean, both weakening the Indian Ocean's "ENSO" as well as strongly-coupling it to ENSO. So, it's not the Indian Ocean's shorter-width, but the fact that its coupled so strongly to the Pacific-ENSO, that's the reason why the Indian Ocean's "ENSO" isn't quite _as_ visible or as independent.
I did my doctoral dissertation on Predictability in ENSO, BTW. 😁
Still, Raoul _is_ correct that the Oceans you show at 29:46 and 29:48 will be the _strongest_ Equatorial Oscillations. Especially since the two of them will be strongly coupled.
I'm going to call the ocean you show at 29:46, the Big Western Ocean, or BWO. The one at 29:48, I'll call the Big Eastern Ocean, or BEO. I'll also call the Peninsular Subcontinent running North-South and separating BWO and BEO something … NSPS. Now, here's how your "ENSO" is going to work:
The BWO and BEO will _both_ have their own "ENSO"-cycles. Both will have their own version of the Warm Pool at their eastern sides, on the Equator. However, the BEO's Warm Pool will sit right off of the eastern coast of the NSPS. Now, the Warm Pools will also be at a higher-altitude above mean sea-level, while the "Cold Tongue" at the other side of the ocean will be at a lower altitude. This is actually the case with _all_ of Earth's oceans. But here, on your planet, we have a higher-altitude Warm Pool off of the eastern coast of the NSPS, that "Cold Tongue" of the BWO sitting off of the NSPS' western coast … and a _northern coast_ connecting the two! You are going to _periodically_ have _strong currents_ flowing along the northern coast of the NSPS because of that:
1) BWO El-Niño + BEO El-Niño
== Weak/no BEO warm-pool and eastward-sloshed BWO warm-pool
== No sea-level gradient across the NSPS north-coast.
== Weak westward current across the NSPS north-coast
2) BWO El-Niño + BEO La-Niña
== Strong, high BEO warm-pool + eastward-sloshed BWO warm-pool
== High sea-level off of the eastern-coast of the NSPS.
== Sea-level gradient across the NSPS north-coast.
== Strong westward current across the NSPS north-coast
3) BWO La-Niña + BEO El-Niño
== Weak/no BEO warm-pool + Strong BWO warm-pool & cold-tongue
== Lower sea-level off of the western-coast of the NSPS.
== Sea-level gradient across the NSPS north-coast.
== Strong westward current across the NSPS north-coast
4) BWO La-Niña + BEO La-Niña
== Strong, high BEO warm-pool + Strong BWO warm-pool & cold-tongue
== High sea-level off of the eastern-coast of the NSPS _and_ Lower sea-level off of the western-coast of the NSPS.
== Big Sea-level gradient across the NSPS north-coast.
== Super-Strong westward current across the NSPS north-coast
From this, we can see that there will _almost always_ be a strong westward current along the northern coast of the NSPS _except_ during a double-El-Niño, in both the BWO and BEO.
Now, another thing that you can see from the above is that the NSPS will _almost always_ have a pool of warm water off of one or both of its coasts. The exception will be #3, when the BEO's warm-pool has migrated away. It is during these times that the NSPS, normally very wet, will be _dry_ … and therefore, quite succeptible to forest-fires.
Lastly is the situation with Upwelling. If the NSPS continued further north, like up to around 15-20°N, upwelling in the BWO would be decoupled from the BEO's ENSO. But that's not the case on your world. That strong westward current across the north-coast of the NSPS transports both heat and water to the BWO's eastern side, where the upwelling would usually occur. So, what _may_ happen is that, instead of getting upwelling off of the NSPS' western coast, you'll instead have a subsurface, deep-water current flowing eastward from the BWO to the BEO. This is almost _certainly_ the situation in case #4, as the surface-current will just be too strong and will block upwelling. In case #1 and #2, the eastern-BWO's upwelling is shut off due to the El-Niño happening in it.
So, that leaves cases #3. You might be tempted to say, "Well, we have that surface-current across the northern-coast of the NSPS, so we'll just have the same situation as case #4: A subsurface deep-water eastward current." Sure. We could. But, we could _also_ have a complex Mixing occurring off of the west-coast of the NSPS. The eastern-BWO _still_ has strong easterlies trying to generate upwelling [with a corresponding subsurface current flowing back east], but there's also that surface water coming from the BEO's higher sea-surface levels. This isn't the warm-pool, since the BEO is in an El-Niño, but the La-Niña in the BWO will lower the sea-surface level on its eastern Equatorial side.
But, I could also see an argument for saying, "Nope. Case #3 is the same as case #4." If you do that, then you'll have a situation where the BWO and BEO ENSOs are strongly coupled half of the time, and weakly coupled the other half. So, if we do that, then the BWO and BEO behave _similar_ to the Pacific Ocean as far as ENSO is concerned.
Even if you do the latter, you'll still have the situation where the NSPS is almost always wet. And that other ocean at 29:27 will still have its own ENSO-cycle.
Thanks. Looking forward to you laying down the climate zones and biomes!
30:00 aw your planet is smiling at me 😊
A happy little planet
Your work is amazing keep it up ! :)
This was so cool to be able to watch this level of world building happen. Great stuff.
Very enjoyable series even though I have no need for the skills, I've enjoyed following along and doing my own worldbuilding project when I have the time. One small thing I'm wondering with this video - will the polar fronts be marked in?
Not really! As mentioned in the video they are pretty variable so I'm reluctant to mark them in. But we'll be referencing the polar front region in upcoming videos.
@@Artifexian ok thanks, will look forward to that then :)
Oooooh I been waiting for this one
it is so satisfying watching progress slowly build up over time. it is a wonderful project!
I’m finally caught up with these series! It’s exciting to follow this. Love your work!
These videos are always so amazing to watch!
one of my favorite video series on youtube, keep up the cool work!
Remembering your biomes video, makes the outcome interesting for biome classification
Closest thing to the weird enclosed bay would be patagonia I think. Not sure its justifiable to give the warm current of the gyre so much power, I don't see that much heat leaking through the narrow opening in the south compared to the surge of cold water allowed in from the north. My hunch is the western side is somewhere between patagonia and texas, while the eastern side is much colder than usual. Mostly dfb with little to no corridor of cfb along the coast.
The other thing that makes me think this is the highland area on the western continent: If its frozen over with an ice-cap katabatic winds will dessicate the lands downwind of it like what happened in siberia during the LGM.
The large central lake would probably be quite filled up, since in the summer, it would be rained on plenty thanks to all the on-shore winds with a lack of a rain-shadow, and it would have quite dry winters, but provided they are cold enough, what little snow arrives there would all melt into the lake in spring. A few rivers fed by the polar easterlies would also contribute to filling the lake. In fact, given the dry climate in this region, they might actually hope for a long, cold winter, since it's what would insure them enough moisture for the year.
One day I'll like a major re-do of the Isles and poles of Nirrini. I love the southern pattern of the continent as it is, so no change there. It will just remain unrealistic if it is unrealistic
I absolutely love this series and the resources you provide. Many of them have helped me a lot, even if I don't use them in as much detail as you do. I appreciate the work you put into them (especially the frequent corrections and updates!). Currently, I'm focusing more on plotting than worldbuilding, but I still enjoy seeing how your world develops.
On another note, I wanted to ask: Is there a different platform you could use? UA-cam is becoming more and more annoying with their decisions and I´m trying to move away from it. I really love your videos; I learn a lot from them and would love to continue watching, just preferably not on here. If not, that´s fine. I´m obviously going to continue watching your videos here, not as regularly, but just as excited. Keep updating us about your projects!
Unfortunately, there's no real alternative to UA-cam for long form content like this.
@@Artifexian I understand. Then I´ll continue to support you on here :)
Neat video. I am curious the wind patterns of (edit: western part of) the top left continent as shown at 30:10 . Shouldn't there be more westerly winds across it in winter and less winds at at around 35N in summer? Just because similar places to it in the real world like Europe and Western N. America tend to have rainy winters while having dry summers, at least in the south.
If those high pressure zones at 10:13 are moving clockwise, you drew the direction of airflow curved in the wrong direction. Think of how a hurricane moves. It pulls air in from the fringes and into the center in the direction of spin. Unless I'm misunderstanding something fundamental about how coriolis spirals function?
We are marking in areas of high pressure, aka anticyclones, here. They spin clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere.
Hurricanes are low pressure zones, aka cyclones. They spin counterclockwise in the north hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
I'm not sure about this but those doglegs in the wind where they cross the equator don't look right to me. I would have thought the wind would have started to bend slowly back the other way rather than rapidly reversing. So they would start to go left less quickly, not suddenly turn right.
The way I'd think about it is this. Imagine a wind coming into the equator at 1 degree off parallel. Do we really think it would reverse direction and come back out at 1 degree off parallel in the opposite direction. This seems to be the conclusion of this approach.
i dont have THIS MANY tools at my disposal, so my worlds are never this in depth, but this time my worlds history and sentient spec-bio has a lot to do with water+wind currents so thats fun. glad to know its semi-accurate.
The winds converge in the Inter-Tropical Convergent Zone, they do not bend at the Equator. As always, great video.
Bear in mind this is an oversimplified model but still you can see this reverse of direction really well in the Indian Ocean
earth.nullschool.net/#2023/01/01/1100Z/wind/surface/level/overlay=mean_sea_level_pressure/orthographic=65.42,-0.79,917/loc=107.688,-87.617
@@Artifexian I too felt that the bends drawn at the equator were a little abrupt. What's interesting, looking at the Indian Ocean, is that the winds to the south start to bend eastwards about 5 degrees *before* they cross the equator. So Coriolis can't be the only factor. Also, it isn't a sharp transition; the Coriolis force gets weaker the closer you get to the equator according to the sine of the latitude (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_force#Applied_to_the_Earth).
Maaan that high pressure zone explanation pic is giving me meat canyon vibes and I can't explain why.
I don't understand the winds switching direction at the equator. They're flipping to go directly against the direction the winds from the north are going. I'd have said they'd join up and head the same way (ie - west).
They end at the low pressure zone(The ITCZ) as they flow from high to low pressure. The East/West drift as they travel north to the ITCZ is due to the Corriolis Effect of the rotation of the Earth. The Corriolis effect has the opposite effect on South Hemisphere Winds than on North Hemisphere Winds, so they switch direction as they cross the Equator.
@Ratchet4674 is spot on here.
Are we aware of the seam in the topography at 24:39?
I am! The map here is a slightly older map, forgot to update it for the video. Thankfully, it has little bearing on the wind patterns.
super curious how climate zones work, do they change with the seasons? is there a new way to approximate them? is there no real true way to guess them at all?
if you use the koppen climate, then the seasons the doesnt matter.
because the koppen climate already includes minimum and maximum temperature and minimum and maximum precipitation annually into the categories
example, A category( the tropical climate) have a specific minimum and maximum heat and precipitation throughout the year. so if at any moment it doesnt meet the minimum or exceeds the maximum, then its not actually tropical and you accidentally did it wrong
if a place meets that requirement, its that climate, no matter the season.
@@Zack-fu4lo i already know about the koppen climate system, im more curious if there's a better way to do things now
Nice video as usual: I prefered the simpler model you did several years ago to be honest. I know this is a more accurate.
Why do I get the feeling that the Iceland analogue on the far right is going to have nice summers and right crappy (stormy) winters?
At any point will you cover aquifers and orher water sources besides rivers?
Yay!
I can't wait for the formation of glaciers (:
are you going to do the world history for this world too?
4:12 Minor nitpick: High pressure zones are blue, low pressure zones are red.
I get that, but I tend to colour things in reverse. Helps remind me that low pressure zones are wet (blue).
Does the direction of the wind really change so dramatically when it crosses the equator? Near the equator, the coriolis effect is almost zero. I find it hard to believe that the wind would just curve in a sudden 90 degree bend in as such a small an area as you drew on the map just because it crossed a the equator. The planet's circumference at those latitudes and therefore the west-to-east momentum of everything at its surface changes less with a shift in a few degrees latitude near the equator than it does anywhere else on the planet.
IRL it's obviously more complicated than the simplified model shown here, but you can see dramatic changes in wind direction crossing the hemispheres in the Indian ocean.
earth.nullschool.net/#2023/01/01/1100Z/wind/surface/level/overlay=mean_sea_level_pressure/orthographic=65.42,-0.79,917/loc=107.688,-87.617
@@ArtifexianI'm not sure that the sharp bend in winds in that link are down to the coriolis effect. I think they are a specific local phenomenon caused by the lower pressure stretching out from Australia/South East Asia. Note that a similar sharp bend is happening to winds in the Southern hemisphere at around 10 degrees south. These all eventually get pulled into the stonking great low over Australia.
I just cannot see any physical reason for the sharp dogleg. As I said in a comment elsewhere on the video, I would expect the coriolis effect the slowly bend the winds so that initially they just headed a little less towards the West and a little more towards the North, which looks like much of what we see over the Pacific in the link you posted.
Can you leave a link for importing png files into blender from when you mention it here 19:23? Thank you!
The link too that video is in the card at the top right, but I'll throw it in the description too.
Thank you so much
In order for HRATEs to work there needs to be nothing of importance past 84 degrees of latitude.
What is HRATE?
@@Artifexian High-Resolution Alternative To Earth. It's essentially an OpenStreetMap instance for your planet
Yay! I'm "like" #100!
its a good day
Wind
What are other planets in your system?
Check out my website. All the canon stuff goes there
www.artifexian.com
@@Artifexian Oh nice, i like Jal.
@@ArtifexianI know Cretak is the main focus but, are you gonna cover the other planets too? I'd like to know more about Damar, B'Etor and Jal.
Why did I not get the notification for this?
Who knows! But hopefully you enjoyed the video
I'm a little confused why there isnt an AI program that automates this process. It's a lot of work, but it doesn't seem to be complicated step by step.
ExoPlaSim exists, but it’s got a really steep learning curve
Check out WorldbuildingPasta's blog for software to do most of this for you. Just be aware that it really isn't the most accessible option.
worldbuildingpasta.blogspot.com
60th.
Air
Dammit I was going write "water" in the hopes that we'd get together and complete the ATLA intro monologue. But air comes at the end. Big sad
Wow this guide blows /j
sworly