i don't know how a broken guitar can epic but ok i just saw this a year later and either i had a stroke or im missing a word. ive changed my mind though, funny joke.
Something that occurred to me recently: Would coal and oil only exist on planets with carbon-based life? If the native lifeforms were silicon-based, would that mean that instead of fossil fuels, they'd have huge deposits of sand or other silicate minerals? And if so, would that mean that if the silicon-based biosphere ever produced intelligent life, they would never reach the industrial revolution and therefore never achieve space travel?
- Giant insects lived not among dinosaurs, but millions of years before them - The T-Rex lived closer to us than to the last stegosaur - Birds and mammals lived among (younger) dinosaurs and didn't evolve just after their extinction - Flowering plants and snakes evolved after dinosaurs did (they evolved around the time birds did) - Bird- hipped dinosaurs did not evolve to birds, but lizard- hipped dinosaurs did - Pterosaurs and Ichtyosaurs are not dinosaurs, but birds technically are - Oviraptor did not steal and eat eggs - There is no evidence of Dilophosaurus haveing a ruff around its neck like a frilled lizard - However there is evidence that suggests that many dinosaurs, as the t- rex, were almost fully covered in plumage - Dinosaur fossils are not their physical bones, but stone castings that filled out the cavities their bones left behind - Most bones you see at a museum are fake, because finding a complete skeleton is unlikely and the real bones are too precious to get screws put into them (the cave paintings in Lascaux Cave are fake too, the real ones are right next to them)
That's also a lie, Oil and gas are hydrocarbons derived from the remains of not so ancient algae, not plankton as a matter of fact, plankton no, plankton is too small, and therefore most of it doesn't sink to the bottom of the oceans, algae though would, reason being that all of the oil on the northern half of Earth is from a single algae, an older waterfern known as Azolla. Other than that a lot of things, such as Diamonds are rare, to that oil is a scarce resource, it's not a scarce resource we have a minimum of 5000 years left of it, at current consumption rates, it's just a lot harder to get a lot of it. Carbondioxide is bad, that's also a lie, I mean it's not that good to breathe for us, but the Earth used to have 20 times more CO2 than it does now, and back then plant life thrived. It mostly disappeared 55 million years ago thanks to the world's fastest growing plant, the algae known as Azolla, which can double it's biomass weight in 3 days under the right conditions. Eventually overrunning all fresh water deposits, it's also known as moss fern. A lot of Scientists said so stuff is lies made up by media. We'd be dead by now if any of it were true. In the 90s they said we'd all freeze to death by 2003 due to global warming causing a new ice age, these so called climate scientists know nothing of climate nor science. Anyone can write a paper citing non-peer tested stuff. And Media and everyone who trusts media will blindly chug it down as truth. I always say, okay, cite your sources, when someone says global warming is real. No one, and I mean no one, have or could put forward any papers that actually contain a smidgen of scientific experiments. Oh and the other obvious things that people think are true, like everyone is born equal, everyone can do everything they just need to try hard enough, laziness is bad, etc. Laziness is one of the defining traits in people who've grown rich, if you're lazy you try to minimize the amount of work you need to do. No one is born equal, men are born with 6% more muscle mass than women, and will retain that 6% more muscle mass, then among men black men are born with roughly 3% more muscle mass than anyone else, they're also more often born with a longer wand, however their women aren't born with deeper wand receptors, nature is cruel sometimes. Oh and the obvious things like people are sometimes born with birth defects, and sometimes they acquire defects through life, such as feminism or scientology, or any other mumbo jumbo that you shouldn't believe in. After all, people should think for themselves, and think about what's best for themselves, not what's best for someone else, selfishness is a good thing, it's what keeps us alive, it's what keeps our families alive, it's what keeps our communities alive. Don't believe that rich people give to charity due to kindness, no, it's to improve their own public view. Other than that, there's a lot more that people lie about. However most people don't lie to deceive others, they lie out of ignorance, because they haven't been told the entire truth and therefore just spread that lie that they took for truth. Oh and most people aren't malevolent, they're just dumb, however there's a lot who are malevolent, like that bitch who yelled Can't you be more humane at me, yesterday when I threw a advertisement poster she illegally posted in my work place. I'm the freaking janitor I just do my fucking job, I can't help that that bitch had a garage sale and wanted everyone to know about it... However advertising on other's property without legal consent is a crime. She should be glad I didn't call the guards over.
@@livedandletdie Carbon Dioxide *is* bad, not because it's not a breathable gas (plants do that just fine) but because the life currently on the planet is not evolved for the heat having prehistoric levels of CO2 would induce, which results in desertification as plantlife dies out and the necessary support fungi and algae are eroded away by the winds. What's actually keeping the planet cool isn't just the atmosphere, it's the plant life turning sunlight into stored energy. As deserts spread across the planet, the amount of solar energy being converted into sugars shrinks, but it's still here. It instead enters into the water and into the rock where it emanates back into the atmosphere, further exacerbating the problem. A second issue is the rate at which the CO2 levels are increasing, which is so rapid as to be evolutionarily immediate. If this was all happening over the span of several tens of thousands of years every degree celsius or so, like it had been, life would've been able to adapt to the changing circumstances and recolonize the new deserts, or just never let them form at all. Instead, this is happening in the span of a couple generations, which doesn't allow for life to adapt, resulting in large-scale die-outs.
@@karnewarrior Even if we stopped using CO2 fuel, how many centuries does that buy us ? aren't we producing heat like crazy ? what's the next "enemy" water vapor trapping heat?
Put them wherever it benefits politics it's not like readers know geology, worldbuilding exists to make the world feel more real without any knowledge of geology there believability is not increasing one iota from this
Honestly, you can easily put certain things where you want to because you can decide "yep here's a random plate boundary because otherwise this area couldn't have tungsten deposits" or "yeah we're just gonna make it so that there's coal here by deciding that there was a tropic here"
@@stellarx20 This. If you're making your own world, you can make the reasons for the decisions to put materials where you want them. The important thing is to decide on something and be consistent with it. Rich, realistic history really makes a world feel alive.
There are two methods for placing ore deposits: This And my patented™ trademarked® system: Step 1. Find where some ore would be plot-convenient Step 2. Find what ore would be most plot-convenient Step 3. Place ore there because reasons
Bruh "I downloaded every single mod" series put a lot of Isekai and Xianxia to shame if not every novel, in terms of usefulness of animal husbandry, farming, minerals and gemstones were enough to sustain entire civilization, planets and dimensions... and use equivalent exchange, quantum technology and beyond and etc, technologies would help Humanity able to create their own dimensions, pocket dimensions and weapons mass destruction not limited to the game. And the Ancient Builders went extinct because of that but luckily there are mods that's overpowered or cheat death and now the new era these the Builders, Miners and Crafters learn from their ancestors mistake so that after discovering new mods came from beyond Mineraftia Multiverse, so they decided to conquer Isekai and Xianxia instead of fighting themselves. *As Minecrafter they use Mods in their Arsenal and for Society.* Kids that were native to Minecraftia learned to build, farm and tame at young age and can build Houses and their own small scale Farms. Teenagers were to choose their occupations... well a LOT, and they're capable to build Cities in their own or a build a massive Country if full become a pledge Builder. Can build a massive Farms and Agriculture that breaks physics and potentially an automatic farming. Technologies can access a lot beyond the limits of the game and machines capable of put almost anyone in fantasy based worlds to helpless, so if Isekai of Demon Lords are hostile mobs, people would build a farms, a magic-science based technology can accelerate the demon lord's reincarnation and nullify their magic before killing it instantly with various grinding machine means within the demon lord's spawnpoint for infinite loot. Also the Technology we have as Minecrafter the capabilities are not limited to the game so we have access to discoveries of new exotic elements and energies such as various Magic, Science and Qi system, we're gonna exploit the system overcoming the limit of immortality granted by Qi through mass production of pills, scrolls and etc. discovery of training exploits also exploit the Ancient Magic Technologies and Dungeon's Technologies within Isekai to advance our Magic Technology into another new era beyond Minecraft imagination. The Minecraft engineers, experts were able to access the Command Blocks technology through [redacted] means and developed a new block which is new Reality Warping Machine based on Magic and/or Qi system after the expedition and war between dimensions throughout Isekai and Xianxia worlds conquered at large scale. Minecraftia completely changed the mindsets of the Civilization of Isekai and Xianxia worlds because power and strength from Isekai and Xianxia was overwhelmed by Complex Technologies and almost all wealth was devalued by Emeralds and Equivalent Exchange mod. Peace was enforced into Isekai and Xianxia. Each capable individual from Minecraftia can rule one or more dimensions of Isekai and Xianxia. Herobrine returns and Hackers appears doomed everyone in the Multiverses... *Story Ends*
Given how important its extensive limonite deposits were to kickstarting the iron industry in Africa and sustaining a high output of iron production in late Middle Ages in Europe and China, I'm surprised you didn't mention placing it in bogs and swamps, both current and recently dried out.
One thing that should be noted is that ore wise a lot of the really interesting deposits like the gold from South Africa which formed as a consequence of the Vredefort impact basin and the nickel deposits of Subury Canada were formed as a consequence of the Sudbury Impact each of these shares the commonality of having formed due to a enormous asteroid capable of inducing a peak ringed crater The only such "recent" impact of this scale in the last billion years was the Chicxulub impactor but the valuable mineral deposits from such a young crater are still buried by tens of kilometres of rock so you will want such craters to be old. And you probably should have emphasized the role of hot spots as The enrichment of gold in Western North America is primarily due to the Yellowstone hot spot bringing an upwelling plume of material from the core mantle boundary. Also note that the historical ores were all largely sulfur loving chalcophiles as opposed to lithophiles as Lithophiles like Silicon Aluminum Titanium Uranium Thorium etc all are too strongly bonded to oxygen for any preindustrial level society to ever access without comparably advanced magic. This is why Arsenic Copper Lead Mercury have been known since antiquity while other elements such as Titanium Uranium and the Rare Earth elements were only discovered after industrialization. Lithophiles react on contact with oxygen effectively recombining into oxides so these pure elements can only exist in an anoxic environment and require complex multiphased reactions using halogens such as Florine and Chlorine under high temperatures and or pressures often requiring an electric current to separate out the final metal from the other reactants. There is a reason why for most of human history anything primarily composed of lithophiles would have just been called "rock" unless aesthetically pleasing enough to be a gemstone. Aluminum oxide is particularly known for its crystalline isomer corundum which with the right set of impurities is called either a ruby or a sapphire. The description of Lithophiles as "ores" has only occurred as a consequence of the later stages of the Industrial revolution as technology became sufficiently advanced that extraction could be economically feasible though it is largely on "feasible" due to companies not having to clean up the resulting pollution. See the Goldschmidt classification scheme of elements as it relates Earths formation history and structure to typical element occurrence. The point is no one is going to be able to discover Uranium without industrialization. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification. Diamond deposits honestly deserved more of a discussion for how they formed largely due to the immense world building potential for the kimberlite pipe eruptions which can bring them to the surface. This volcanism doesn't really produce diamonds rather it is a chain reaction that acts like a CO2 chemical rocket from deeper within the Earth and can bring intervening material up to the surface when the volcanic rocket explosively punches a hole in the crust in a powerful supersonic pyroclastic eruption. Worse these eruptions can occur in chain reaction bursts where the triggering of one sets off other eruptions deep within the planet so just imagine a scenario where one of these volcanoes erupt suddenly as they strike without warning rising from deep in the Earth's mantle to the surface in a number of hours to days which puts our best rockets to shame. Volcanic pipe eruptions include both the Kimberlite eruptions that can occasionally bring up diamonds and apparently another extremely corrosive counterpart Lamporite pipes But without this type of eruption there would be no diamonds on Earth's surface as normal cycling processes within the planet take sufficiently long that any diamonds would revert into graphite. The commercial importance does make it hard to find information on these eruptions so their exemption is understandable but they would make one hell of a volcanic eruption. A final point of mention is that there is actually a surprisingly strong biological component to most ore formations on Earth as the subterranean biosphere primarily uses metals for respiration i.e. changing the oxidation state of metals in order to generate ATP reactions and these microbes are shockingly abundant throughout the Earth's crust wherever water and minerals capable of life supporting redox reactions is available but are particularly abundant in hydrothermal systems. Biomass wise they account for the majority of life on Earth occurring kilometres below the surface under high pressures and temperatures where the only thing preventing water from boiling is the high pressures. In fact prior to the Great Oxygenation event these microbes were the predominate form of life in the oceans with the largest number of microbes relying on Iron as their respiratory agent. (As far as I can tell the only respiratory metabolisms which don't rely on a water soluble metal ion are those based on sulfur based metabolisms and the sole example of an oxygen based metabolism the latter of which likely arose as a mutation from the reverse reaction of sulfur based photosynthesis.) In fact iron deposits on Earth are usually from the banded Iron formations which are now understood to be the fossil signature of oxygen triggered mass extinctions of anaerobic life. Yes most Iron ore on Earth is literally fossilized microbes from the greatest mass extinction events in Earths history. Provides an interesting context doesn't it?
Thanks for the information based on real world models, very informative :) but, for fantasy world builders, we have dragon fire/ ice/ acid and other fantastical elements that we can use to explain why our world is different from Earth as well as explain how or why we can mine all kinds of elements
@@shadowsfromolliesgraveyard6577 hmm most of what I have read about the subterranean biosphere was from an article about the deep biosphere published in 2018. Sadly I think the actual Journal articles are largely locked behind a damn paywall... sigh. Here is the Eureka alert blurb on it www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-12/tca-lid120318.php deepcarbon.net/ info.deepcarbon.net/vivo/publications?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22isDcoPublication%22%3A%22T%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22match_all%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22_score%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A20%7D The big issue is that a lot of this research is fairly recent or is confidential as incidental discoveries by fossil fuel and or mining exploratory studies which have commercial interests. Unfortunately I have a suspicion they don't really want us to learn about the deep biosphere as then people might start to think about the ecological ramifications. Apparently some of these organisms might be outside the conventional domain interpretation meaning at least that they have been down there for billions of years in fact the more I learn about the deep biosphere the more suspect this may be where life on Earth originated only to colonize the surface and perhaps even the oceans later with life going back and forth between these environments. Like for instance fungi seem to be Eukaryotes which colonized the subterranean biosphere as they keep finding more fungi deep underground from core samples for instance and that I suspect is probably how they likely colonized the land, spreading from below and eventually enabling green algae to colonize land via a symbiotic relationship which eventually led to plants. There are apparently even organisms which live in such extreme conditions underground that if you transferred them from Earth to Venus they could potentially survive on the **surface** or at least below ground and at the very least it supports the possibility there could be life on Mars and perhaps even at one point of time Mercury since we now know the planet has or at least had high levels of volatiles beyond what would be expected if it formed where it is now. It is somewhat of a tangent but there was a recent paper in Science advances which using comprehensive analysis of MESSENGER data determined that most of Mercury's strange "chaotic" terrain is caused by planetary scale sublimation ongoing for the last 4.1 billion years. The Sun has literally baked away most of the planet leaving only the high sublimation temperature material left over from the planets crust and mantle as well as the planets core. If true that raises grave worries about many of those close in exoplanets with orbits close to their star which is supported by the observation that close in planets around sunlike stars tend to be very young star systems relative to our own. It is complete speculation but I wouldn't be surprised if Mercury wasn't even originally the closest planet to the Sun perhaps there were other planets closer which have since evaporated and or crashed into the Sun. Some of those hot Jupiters found in the late 1990's are in orbits that have in the decades since had their period decay significantly suggesting they will crash into their star in a few million years. This is supported by their star systems being tens of millions of years old or less. In principal perhaps our Sun could have once sported a hot Jupiter as such a planet would likely have crashed into the Sun perhaps even before our Moon formed.. Um sorry I got way off topic um hope this in some way helps? ~~I get easily sidetracked~~ Edited for clarity:11/11/2020
I have absolutely No interest in building my own fantasy worlds, but I learn so much about our world from your videos. And its always explained very understandable. I Just love this Channel.
This is literally the stage I'm at in my world-building: where are natural resources? Thank you for this! I absolutely love your videos and am so thankful that I'm not the only nerd out there who likes my fantasy to be grounded in a little realism! Along the same topic: Any thoughts on what certain environments might have on animal evolution?
@@sourapple3845 thank you, I will! In my fantasy world all of the typical fantasy trope races (elves and such) all evolved from one proto-ancestor. Ive had trouble picturing how that might happen other than simple stuff like "dwarves moves underground and evolved to be shorter", and "orcs live in a predator-heavy environment that required them to be strong and breed fast"
I also recommend checking out Worldbuilding Notes - the cultures she creates are brilliantly unique and may offer some ideas for developing your fantasy races. If you can find them, the videos Life After People, The Future is Wild, or After Man: a Zoology of the Future - may give you some ideas about how environments can affect animal evolution.
Usually nature finds a way to adapt to anything. For example if your world had a flash star (star that bursts with radiation at intervals) then your plants or animal life might developed a way to sense this, and a form of protection. A shell or a mucous layer. But because flash stars generally give out low radiation when they do not burst your plantlife may be black to absorb as much as possible when it's not bursting. Or perhaps have a lighter colour incase they protect themselves too late.
@@Tokmurok Careful as you are describing the opposite of Darwinism. Life does not "adapt" actively, a Giraffe's ancestor did not stretch its neck more in order for it to grow longer. Instead, errors in genetic duplication of genitor cells ( *extremely* important, the spermatozoïds and ovules are the ones that need to mutate in order for a mutation to stay in future individuals) resulted in many different results. Most being inconsequential, many causing birth defects, some being detrimental or beneficial to the individual, either in general or its particular situation (environment, climatic events, food/predators/mates present, accidents), and those, in great part influenced with sheer luck, resulted in the dominance of that particular genetic trait.
I might as well be crying tears of joy, I've been trying to find resources to help with this topic and you've made a whole video about it you absolute legend
i think it's important to mention that it's more than the anaerobic environment that caused coal deposits to form. almost all of the coal on earth is from the carboniferous when lignin was evolved and no bacteria or fungi could effectively break it down, trapping carbon. if a world doesn't have a period where a lot of carbon-rich molecules get trapped at once coal is going to be rarer than on earth.
Timothy McLean maybe so! a lot of people myself included have worldbuilding projects that don't have anything to do with earth life though so it was an important point to make imo. on my planet the closest things to trees use a natural resin polymer instead of lignin, for instance.
@@timothymclean Yeah of course, but things could always happen differently. it could have taken a lot less time for such microbes to develolp, not leaving millions of years worth of trees stacked on top of eachother, maybe just a few hundrew thousand years worth. It would make a big difference in the availability of coal.
@@Ledabot Either releasing sealed Good has barely any effect on the world, or Evil is too incompetent to seal Good away in the first place. Though both options mess with any kind of balance the two might have...
correction on diamond deposits: diamonds are actually surprisingly common, it's just ones large and pure enough for use as jewelry that are rare. this is how we have things like diamond dust coated grinders - they use the small, less pure diamonds for cutting thanks to their high strength. also, i used this for some of the planets on my hybrid sci-fi fantasy setting - Mithril deposits are formed from iron deposits in areas of abnormally high magic concentration, for example.
A lot of this is also basically marketing, the idea of diamond being elevated above the other cardinal gems (which also used to include amethyst before large deposits in South America tanked the value) is a modern perception.
Basically diamonds used to be rare until they found them in Africa and then they just kept pretending (A slight oversimplication of the course I took in the Science and Politics of Gems)
Pressure not so much, but depth most certainly. Lower gravity, means larger depth to reach the same pressures (which are needed to form coal/oil/gas). Vice versa for higher gravity.
@@BlaBla-hq1bu Plus it may also affect the time it takes for those to form in the first place, as the lower gravity would probably also affect the speed at which the pressure builds up.
@@jfp0763 negative gravity means it just repels itself into a mess of particles throwing themselves away from every other particle found, causing chaos
0:25 - I was told somewhere that these plants were so new, in evolutionary timescales, that in addition to the water being low-oxygen there were not yet any bacteria or fungus which had evolved to decompose the dead trees?
This is accurate, most of Earth's coal is from plant life which existed before fungus evolved to break it down. However, this process still occurs today in environments which do not easily support fungi and aerobic bacteria, but not on nearly the same scale and scope as our oldest coal formations.
Could you do a video on mapmaking scale? That's a part where I always struggle. What I mean with scale is how wide mountain ranges should be, how much a river would meander at a certain scale, or how rough coastlines should be. I'd be very pleased to see this!
wow that small explanation about how oil is formed really blew my mind as I was watching it I realised I knew jack shit about something quite important for today's needs I really need to watch more on that subject
0:09 Coal -> 1:06 1:36 Oil and gas -> 3:41 3:24 Side note: Underground salt deposits 4:38 Ores -> 5:39 -> 6:42 -> 7:30 -> 7:52 Two years later, and I'm still rewatching this guide. Thanks, Artifexian!
Would you ever do a video on fantastical alternatives to plate tectonics? Like, on one hand, if they're totally fantastical, there are no rules, but what features are important to keep even if part of the system is weird. Like, say, digging deep enough leads into a portal to hell, that's gonna have weird effects on geography if everything else is the same.
Wow, that's an excellent summary. I took mining engineering in university, and while most of my classes were on mine design and safety, not deposit spread (it was, after all, not mining geology that I was studying), this 11 minute video could have replaced about half of the class we had on ore deposits and honestly probably been more comprehensive. I am genuinely impressed, sir. Well done!
Curious on how you would do fantasy metals like adamantine, where they come from meteors that go through the atmosphere. They might keep together and create a deposit on impact but quite a bit would fall off or be akin to metal flakes that would fall across the trail. Would these be likely to follow trails like the trash heaps do, or would they build up in other areas.
Bless you. I have been trying to dig this information out of various sites for two days now. I cannot even communicate the extent of my gratitude to have found this video.
OK I need you to read this. I thought this was going to be a video about where materials are found in certain franchises fantasy lore. what I got was a geology lesson about how and where materials form and collect in the ground. it was very well made and I learned a few things, great video even if I do not care about world building.
I'm going to have to revisit this a few times. I've been interesting in creating a salt lake with a high concentration of ores like chromium that could generate a toxic, low pH salt lake. And then throw a strange mangrove in it. Need to pick a reasonable location on the map.
I've always struggled with this, so thank you very very much for making this video! Finally some direction as to where to place natural resources instead of my usual "just throw some deposits into the ground somewhere"
This is great! I needed this about 3 days ago when I was finishing up placing my copper and tin deposits on the world map for my bronze-age civilization. Looks like I did copper right, but I think I did tin wrong...
I know I'm late, but this is honestly one of my favorite videos on this channel! I wish we could get more of this, maybe a more in-depth explanation of more and different types of minerals, as well as various niche metals and minerals (where the hell would zirconium or tantalum appear?).
I learned way more than I expected to learn in this video, and yet not what I expected to learn at all. I assumed this was going to be "What types of ore you might expect to see in worlds where magic exists" or "...in worlds with different pressure" or something like that, but I still learned a lot, so I appreciate the video!
If we are being realistic about this, the one part you got painfully wrong was diamond distribution, all diamonds need to form is heat, pressure and time, which on earth has lead to them being among the most common gems on the planet. Granted in a fantasy setting, depending on circumstances, diamond might turn out rare due to differing geology, but it stil would be all that rare in the area its found, the distribution would be higher.
I love how these videos always bring up a detail that I never would have thought to consider on my own, and then forever stall out my process of world building as I rush to integrate the new things I learned and progressively forget what my original vision for the world actually was.
I had no idea a worldbuilding community existed on YT & I have no need of mapping natural resources in a fantasy world but holy moly that was an educational overview of geologic features + characteristics. I used to collect rocks as a kid; I grew up on bases but several of the transfers we had were on the Canadian Shield, & when my Dad was in Colorado Springs, he took me for a motorcycle ride at dawn thru the Garden of the Gods rock formations. I love geology; it's like a language of the landscaping. You can see the story of Deep Time Earth & the effects of longterm processes by learning natural history & it's so beautiful be able to "read" the land around you. Anyways don't know how or why I got here but that awakened a lot, thanks! EDIT: went to check the other content here & ended up subbing
Underground, duh Btw diamonds are far more common than people think. The Debeer's company (which owns most of the mines) sells only a small percentage of the diamond they mine to keep prices high. Same reason why Lamborghinis are super expensive, they only make a few hundred a year instead of millions of units like Toyota does.
Nobody thinks they're rare and you're not special for knowing this fact. That doesn't change the fact that well-coloured, non-included clear diamonds are relatively rare and objectively valuable.
@@justnoob8141 lots of crystalline structures can be composed of metallic compounds. But diamond is made of carbon specifically, which isnt a metallic element.
I don't know why I misread the title and thought you were going to talk about fantasy metals. But I am still happy I clicked the video, even if slightly disappointed.
I started watching this before bed hoping it'd help me sleep. Failed, great video for learning this and not falling asleep, but bad video at helping fall asleep. Geology / 10
I don't want to tell you your business, as I deeply respect you and usually find your videos really helpful, but you really should've added how much time these processes take. A lot of conworlds are significantly younger than Earth, either because they're fantasy worlds created by gods, or because they were terraformed by a technologically advanced civilization, and thus a lot of these processes haven't had time to have the kind of effect as we see in our own world.
You, sir, have some quality animations and graphics. It's somewhat astounding, especially considering that there are much bigger channels dedicated to exactly this form of presentation with arguably lower quality details.
Where the source lead (Pb) is at. Lead decays from U-238. U-238 has a halflife about the same age as the earth, coincidentally, so where the uranium is found, probably less than half of that is lead. Depending on the heat, the lead might well melt and flow off elsewhere. Also lead oxides dissolve, somewhat famously, as the Romans found out.
I appreciate that this is presented in an educational manner and not like other channels that present knowledge in a sarcastic way like that "how to write things badly" channel
Ha, it's like we're on the same wavelength or something. Lately, it seems like you almost always put out a video on a subject I'm currently working on (like now) or just finished up (which is still good because it let's me check my work). Keep them coming😃😃😃
This is the video that pushed me over the edge to subscribe. Been watching some of your videos to help me with my Homebrew world that I've be working on for over two years now, and the map is starting to look so much better for it. Thank you for making these videos.
I mean, if you get realllllly into programming and have a complete map of your world with everything else already included...... it's possible. It certainly doesn't sound impossible. Just really long.
Thank you for posting this mate. This is a HUGE help to worldbuilders like me. I'm now quite confident I got most of my ore placements right, with just a few adjustments. Thank you again and keep up the great work!
I appreciate the quick introduction! It might have helped if we get an introduction to the lay of the land and their historic movement before introducing the minerals. I found myself having to check back to figure out how areas have developed over time, making it harder to understand in one sitting.
Reminds me to my last exam at college. Geology of mineral deposits... I got a D and was very proud of myself for getting rid of all the exams. I just had to have a simple talk about the geographic perspective on sustainable development (got an A) and I was done. I am so proud of myself for finnishing college with all the bad things happening to me at the time. Majority of my peers gave up even without those problems, but I persisted. That fact raised my self-respect a lot.
I know I'm (really) late, but civilizations grow to exploit these natural resources. So, to answer the question: To know where to put the mining towns.
today I learned about how geology regarding minerals and stuff works. honestly didn't think that would be what I was learning, but IDK what I expected.
I love your work. You are a big part why I got into worldbuilding and conlangs. The amount of research that must go into episodes like this must be quite significant. Keep up the amazing work.
This was an absolutely fantastic video and I enjoyed it very much! I always love it when fantasy worlds put this amount of thought into their geography. While having some very good pointers, there's two other forms of ore deposits that I think were missed in this video (and I'm sure others as well, but there's no need to be over specific). I apologize if I have gotten that wrong and just missed you mentioning it in the video. (Also I'm aware this is an older video and I'm a bit late to the party, sorry.) The first is the kind of mineralization associated with magma intruding into the crust to form plutons. A large mass of plutons greater than 40 square kilometers is called a Batholith. Large quantities of mineralization generally form from hydrothermal fluids percolating through the surrounding rocks and depositing minerals such as Copper, Tin, Tungsten, Lithium, Iron, Arsenic, Wolframite (Containing Iron, Tungsten and Manganese), Lead and Zinc. Small concentrations of Silver and Uranium can also be formed during later phases of mineralization. The best example I can give is the "Cornubian Batholith" and it's associated mineralization. This is quite similar to the volcanism associated mineralization that you mentioned in this video, but often occurs under ancient eroded mountain chains where you get granite at the surface, forming moors. You wouldn't mine the minerals from the granite itself, but instead the heavily mineralized contact metamorphic rocks just adjacent to the granite plutons. The second are the "Banded Iron Formations". These were formed across the globe in areas of Precambrian crust and were thought to be associated the oxygenation of the earth's oceans bringing the iron ions in the ocean out of solution and depositing them as gigantic bands of iron oxides. Most formations in our world can be found in Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, and the United States. If anyone does want to use this information from my comment, I highly encourage you to go and do some additional research on the "Cornubian Batholith", "Batholith Formation", "Batholith Mineralization" and "Banded Iron Formations", as there is a lot of nuance that I will have missed, and likely some incorrect information in my post.
I have no ability to comprehend most of that but I watched the entire video because of a book I read where the protagonist gains a perfect memory in another world. This will be incredibly useful in the off chance that happens. So thank you.
Damn. I am a geological engineering student and I had to take a 'resource management' (read that as 'ore geology') class as a core course once. I can honestly say I wish I had found this video back then, because I feel like a bunch of stuff just sort of retroactively clicked in place in my mind. I had not been doing great in the class, and I overall felt like it was because I lacked any sort of 'intuitive' / big picture understanding of the material. I found my prof often focused on specific examples of each orebody type instead of generalized concepts, this often made it hard to tell what was specific to the example and what was part of the generalized idea. While this video was definitely far from a comprehensive coverage of everything in the class and very fast-paced, watching it felt like a great review and I feel like I understand the bigger picture way better than I had before. Very solid execution!
Because of this video I now have to redraw most of my map, especially the parts that pertain to civilization. Thank you! I was getting bored of it anyway, hahaha Amazing video, this is all I wanted to learn in Geography and never did. Keep up the amazing job!
this video, aside from the interesting natural systems and the amount of detail they inform, is so invaluable as I began world-building not long ago. instant subscribe. thank you so much!
Yo yo yo wait wait wait. That was more interesting info than my entire geology class. And this is about world building I had no idea about the bif deposits. Thanks so much
I thought yoi'd actualy talk about what the title says haha! Tricked me into learning something new. Thanks for making me learn stuff without me even really noticing😂
This video tricked me into learning geography and honestly i respect that
Geology, actually.
@@lorddashdonalddappington2653 does not matter he learnt something
@@lorddashdonalddappington2653 both, exshuelly
geology ypu meam
@@spacecorpse3212 now he learnt something more. Nothing wrong with that
Metal is often found in rifts, especially epic guitar rifts.
Underrated masterpiece of a comment
I like the way your brain works
Nice job
Well said ！Σ(×_×;)!
i don't know how a broken guitar can epic but ok
i just saw this a year later and either i had a stroke or im missing a word. ive changed my mind though, funny joke.
Something that occurred to me recently: Would coal and oil only exist on planets with carbon-based life? If the native lifeforms were silicon-based, would that mean that instead of fossil fuels, they'd have huge deposits of sand or other silicate minerals? And if so, would that mean that if the silicon-based biosphere ever produced intelligent life, they would never reach the industrial revolution and therefore never achieve space travel?
so that is why we never have seen any!
That is actually a pretty good point, no away to refine steel without good concentrations of carbons
[Pasted from a separate comment] And would higher or lower gravity affect the depths and pressures where things like coal and oil are formed?
oh crap yeah....
@@isaac2499 So they exist
They are just dumb
And we are the attackers
1:38 "Oil and gas are hydrocarbons derived from the remains of ancient plankton, not dinosaurs"
*How many other lies have I been told by the council?*
- Giant insects lived not among dinosaurs, but millions of years before them
- The T-Rex lived closer to us than to the last stegosaur
- Birds and mammals lived among (younger) dinosaurs and didn't evolve just after their extinction
- Flowering plants and snakes evolved after dinosaurs did (they evolved around the time birds did)
- Bird- hipped dinosaurs did not evolve to birds, but lizard- hipped dinosaurs did
- Pterosaurs and Ichtyosaurs are not dinosaurs, but birds technically are
- Oviraptor did not steal and eat eggs
- There is no evidence of Dilophosaurus haveing a ruff around its neck like a frilled lizard
- However there is evidence that suggests that many dinosaurs, as the t- rex, were almost fully covered in plumage
- Dinosaur fossils are not their physical bones, but stone castings that filled out the cavities their bones left behind
- Most bones you see at a museum are fake, because finding a complete skeleton is unlikely and the real bones are too precious to get screws put into them (the cave paintings in Lascaux Cave are fake too, the real ones are right next to them)
That's also a lie, Oil and gas are hydrocarbons derived from the remains of not so ancient algae, not plankton as a matter of fact, plankton no, plankton is too small, and therefore most of it doesn't sink to the bottom of the oceans, algae though would, reason being that all of the oil on the northern half of Earth is from a single algae, an older waterfern known as Azolla.
Other than that a lot of things, such as Diamonds are rare, to that oil is a scarce resource, it's not a scarce resource we have a minimum of 5000 years left of it, at current consumption rates, it's just a lot harder to get a lot of it.
Carbondioxide is bad, that's also a lie, I mean it's not that good to breathe for us, but the Earth used to have 20 times more CO2 than it does now, and back then plant life thrived. It mostly disappeared 55 million years ago thanks to the world's fastest growing plant, the algae known as Azolla, which can double it's biomass weight in 3 days under the right conditions. Eventually overrunning all fresh water deposits, it's also known as moss fern.
A lot of Scientists said so stuff is lies made up by media. We'd be dead by now if any of it were true. In the 90s they said we'd all freeze to death by 2003 due to global warming causing a new ice age, these so called climate scientists know nothing of climate nor science. Anyone can write a paper citing non-peer tested stuff. And Media and everyone who trusts media will blindly chug it down as truth. I always say, okay, cite your sources, when someone says global warming is real. No one, and I mean no one, have or could put forward any papers that actually contain a smidgen of scientific experiments.
Oh and the other obvious things that people think are true, like everyone is born equal, everyone can do everything they just need to try hard enough, laziness is bad, etc. Laziness is one of the defining traits in people who've grown rich, if you're lazy you try to minimize the amount of work you need to do. No one is born equal, men are born with 6% more muscle mass than women, and will retain that 6% more muscle mass, then among men black men are born with roughly 3% more muscle mass than anyone else, they're also more often born with a longer wand, however their women aren't born with deeper wand receptors, nature is cruel sometimes. Oh and the obvious things like people are sometimes born with birth defects, and sometimes they acquire defects through life, such as feminism or scientology, or any other mumbo jumbo that you shouldn't believe in. After all, people should think for themselves, and think about what's best for themselves, not what's best for someone else, selfishness is a good thing, it's what keeps us alive, it's what keeps our families alive, it's what keeps our communities alive. Don't believe that rich people give to charity due to kindness, no, it's to improve their own public view.
Other than that, there's a lot more that people lie about. However most people don't lie to deceive others, they lie out of ignorance, because they haven't been told the entire truth and therefore just spread that lie that they took for truth. Oh and most people aren't malevolent, they're just dumb, however there's a lot who are malevolent, like that bitch who yelled Can't you be more humane at me, yesterday when I threw a advertisement poster she illegally posted in my work place. I'm the freaking janitor I just do my fucking job, I can't help that that bitch had a garage sale and wanted everyone to know about it... However advertising on other's property without legal consent is a crime. She should be glad I didn't call the guards over.
@@livedandletdie In short, human had degraded into sheep aka simple animal and naive
@@livedandletdie
Carbon Dioxide *is* bad, not because it's not a breathable gas (plants do that just fine) but because the life currently on the planet is not evolved for the heat having prehistoric levels of CO2 would induce, which results in desertification as plantlife dies out and the necessary support fungi and algae are eroded away by the winds.
What's actually keeping the planet cool isn't just the atmosphere, it's the plant life turning sunlight into stored energy. As deserts spread across the planet, the amount of solar energy being converted into sugars shrinks, but it's still here. It instead enters into the water and into the rock where it emanates back into the atmosphere, further exacerbating the problem.
A second issue is the rate at which the CO2 levels are increasing, which is so rapid as to be evolutionarily immediate. If this was all happening over the span of several tens of thousands of years every degree celsius or so, like it had been, life would've been able to adapt to the changing circumstances and recolonize the new deserts, or just never let them form at all. Instead, this is happening in the span of a couple generations, which doesn't allow for life to adapt, resulting in large-scale die-outs.
@@karnewarrior Even if we stopped using CO2 fuel, how many centuries does that buy us ? aren't we producing heat like crazy ? what's the next "enemy" water vapor trapping heat?
This is so much better than my previous strategy-putting them wherever I want
Though that can help build what you wanted. At the end of the day I don't think your biggest complaint will be puting Iron in the wrong place
Put them wherever it benefits politics it's not like readers know geology, worldbuilding exists to make the world feel more real without any knowledge of geology there believability is not increasing one iota from this
Honestly, you can easily put certain things where you want to because you can decide "yep here's a random plate boundary because otherwise this area couldn't have tungsten deposits" or "yeah we're just gonna make it so that there's coal here by deciding that there was a tropic here"
@@stellarx20 This. If you're making your own world, you can make the reasons for the decisions to put materials where you want them. The important thing is to decide on something and be consistent with it. Rich, realistic history really makes a world feel alive.
There are two methods for placing ore deposits:
This
And my patented™ trademarked® system:
Step 1. Find where some ore would be plot-convenient
Step 2. Find what ore would be most plot-convenient
Step 3. Place ore there because reasons
5:01 They generate below the surface, commonly with Iron and Coal at y:54, Gold at Y:29, Lapis at y:16 and Diamond and Redstone at y:12
Diamonds generate at Y:16, not sure about redstone tho
It's modded, so I dunno where is the oil?
Bruh "I downloaded every single mod" series put a lot of Isekai and Xianxia to shame if not every novel, in terms of usefulness of animal husbandry, farming, minerals and gemstones were enough to sustain entire civilization, planets and dimensions... and use equivalent exchange, quantum technology and beyond and etc, technologies would help Humanity able to create their own dimensions, pocket dimensions and weapons mass destruction not limited to the game. And the Ancient Builders went extinct because of that but luckily there are mods that's overpowered or cheat death and now the new era these the Builders, Miners and Crafters learn from their ancestors mistake so that after discovering new mods came from beyond Mineraftia Multiverse, so they decided to conquer Isekai and Xianxia instead of fighting themselves.
*As Minecrafter they use Mods in their Arsenal and for Society.*
Kids that were native to Minecraftia learned to build, farm and tame at young age and can build Houses and their own small scale Farms.
Teenagers were to choose their occupations... well a LOT, and they're capable to build Cities in their own or a build a massive Country if full become a pledge Builder. Can build a massive Farms and Agriculture that breaks physics and potentially an automatic farming. Technologies can access a lot beyond the limits of the game and machines capable of put almost anyone in fantasy based worlds to helpless, so if Isekai of Demon Lords are hostile mobs, people would build a farms, a magic-science based technology can accelerate the demon lord's reincarnation and nullify their magic before killing it instantly with various grinding machine means within the demon lord's spawnpoint for infinite loot. Also the Technology we have as Minecrafter the capabilities are not limited to the game so we have access to discoveries of new exotic elements and energies such as various Magic, Science and Qi system, we're gonna exploit the system overcoming the limit of immortality granted by Qi through mass production of pills, scrolls and etc. discovery of training exploits also exploit the Ancient Magic Technologies and Dungeon's Technologies within Isekai to advance our Magic Technology into another new era beyond Minecraft imagination.
The Minecraft engineers, experts were able to access the Command Blocks technology through [redacted] means and developed a new block which is new Reality Warping Machine based on Magic and/or Qi system after the expedition and war between dimensions throughout Isekai and Xianxia worlds conquered at large scale.
Minecraftia completely changed the mindsets of the Civilization of Isekai and Xianxia worlds because power and strength from Isekai and Xianxia was overwhelmed by Complex Technologies and almost all wealth was devalued by Emeralds and Equivalent Exchange mod. Peace was enforced into Isekai and Xianxia. Each capable individual from Minecraftia can rule one or more dimensions of Isekai and Xianxia.
Herobrine returns and Hackers appears doomed everyone in the Multiverses... *Story Ends*
@@ignaspetrauskas8763 There's oil, right in the ground, right there. Scoop it up with your hands.
@@pikminman13 "just bring me back a handfuls of oil, I'll put it up my ass and then we'll go to space"
Given how important its extensive limonite deposits were to kickstarting the iron industry in Africa and sustaining a high output of iron production in late Middle Ages in Europe and China, I'm surprised you didn't mention placing it in bogs and swamps, both current and recently dried out.
Bog Iron
@@jmlightning8045 🎶 bog iron on his hop 🎶.
(I'll see myself out)
One thing that should be noted is that ore wise a lot of the really interesting deposits like the gold from South Africa which formed as a consequence of the Vredefort impact basin and the nickel deposits of Subury Canada were formed as a consequence of the Sudbury Impact each of these shares the commonality of having formed due to a enormous asteroid capable of inducing a peak ringed crater The only such "recent" impact of this scale in the last billion years was the Chicxulub impactor but the valuable mineral deposits from such a young crater are still buried by tens of kilometres of rock so you will want such craters to be old.
And you probably should have emphasized the role of hot spots as The enrichment of gold in Western North America is primarily due to the Yellowstone hot spot bringing an upwelling plume of material from the core mantle boundary.
Also note that the historical ores were all largely sulfur loving chalcophiles as opposed to lithophiles as Lithophiles like Silicon Aluminum Titanium Uranium Thorium etc all are too strongly bonded to oxygen for any preindustrial level society to ever access without comparably advanced magic. This is why Arsenic Copper Lead Mercury have been known since antiquity while other elements such as Titanium Uranium and the Rare Earth elements were only discovered after industrialization. Lithophiles react on contact with oxygen effectively recombining into oxides so these pure elements can only exist in an anoxic environment and require complex multiphased reactions using halogens such as Florine and Chlorine under high temperatures and or pressures often requiring an electric current to separate out the final metal from the other reactants. There is a reason why for most of human history anything primarily composed of lithophiles would have just been called "rock" unless aesthetically pleasing enough to be a gemstone. Aluminum oxide is particularly known for its crystalline isomer corundum which with the right set of impurities is called either a ruby or a sapphire.
The description of Lithophiles as "ores" has only occurred as a consequence of the later stages of the Industrial revolution as technology became sufficiently advanced that extraction could be economically feasible though it is largely on "feasible" due to companies not having to clean up the resulting pollution. See the Goldschmidt classification scheme of elements as it relates Earths formation history and structure to typical element occurrence. The point is no one is going to be able to discover Uranium without industrialization.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification.
Diamond deposits honestly deserved more of a discussion for how they formed largely due to the immense world building potential for the kimberlite pipe eruptions which can bring them to the surface. This volcanism doesn't really produce diamonds rather it is a chain reaction that acts like a CO2 chemical rocket from deeper within the Earth and can bring intervening material up to the surface when the volcanic rocket explosively punches a hole in the crust in a powerful supersonic pyroclastic eruption. Worse these eruptions can occur in chain reaction bursts where the triggering of one sets off other eruptions deep within the planet so just imagine a scenario where one of these volcanoes erupt suddenly as they strike without warning rising from deep in the Earth's mantle to the surface in a number of hours to days which puts our best rockets to shame. Volcanic pipe eruptions include both the Kimberlite eruptions that can occasionally bring up diamonds and apparently another extremely corrosive counterpart Lamporite pipes But without this type of eruption there would be no diamonds on Earth's surface as normal cycling processes within the planet take sufficiently long that any diamonds would revert into graphite. The commercial importance does make it hard to find information on these eruptions so their exemption is understandable but they would make one hell of a volcanic eruption.
A final point of mention is that there is actually a surprisingly strong biological component to most ore formations on Earth as the subterranean biosphere primarily uses metals for respiration i.e. changing the oxidation state of metals in order to generate ATP reactions and these microbes are shockingly abundant throughout the Earth's crust wherever water and minerals capable of life supporting redox reactions is available but are particularly abundant in hydrothermal systems. Biomass wise they account for the majority of life on Earth occurring kilometres below the surface under high pressures and temperatures where the only thing preventing water from boiling is the high pressures. In fact prior to the Great Oxygenation event these microbes were the predominate form of life in the oceans with the largest number of microbes relying on Iron as their respiratory agent. (As far as I can tell the only respiratory metabolisms which don't rely on a water soluble metal ion are those based on sulfur based metabolisms and the sole example of an oxygen based metabolism the latter of which likely arose as a mutation from the reverse reaction of sulfur based photosynthesis.)
In fact iron deposits on Earth are usually from the banded Iron formations which are now understood to be the fossil signature of oxygen triggered mass extinctions of anaerobic life. Yes most Iron ore on Earth is literally fossilized microbes from the greatest mass extinction events in Earths history. Provides an interesting context doesn't it?
Thanks for the information based on real world models, very informative :) but, for fantasy world builders, we have dragon fire/ ice/ acid and other fantastical elements that we can use to explain why our world is different from Earth as well as explain how or why we can mine all kinds of elements
This is all super interesting. Do you know any books that would be good further reading on this? Especially the bit about the subterranean biosphere.
That was super interesting and useful.
Thanks.
WTF I love geology now
Seriously though, this is an awesome comment and this is really interesting information
@@shadowsfromolliesgraveyard6577 hmm most of what I have read about the subterranean biosphere was from an article about the deep biosphere published in 2018. Sadly I think the actual Journal articles are largely locked behind a damn paywall... sigh.
Here is the Eureka alert blurb on it
www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-12/tca-lid120318.php
deepcarbon.net/
info.deepcarbon.net/vivo/publications?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22isDcoPublication%22%3A%22T%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22match_all%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22_score%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A20%7D
The big issue is that a lot of this research is fairly recent or is confidential as incidental discoveries by fossil fuel and or mining exploratory studies which have commercial interests. Unfortunately I have a suspicion they don't really want us to learn about the deep biosphere as then people might start to think about the ecological ramifications. Apparently some of these organisms might be outside the conventional domain interpretation meaning at least that they have been down there for billions of years in fact the more I learn about the deep biosphere the more suspect this may be where life on Earth originated only to colonize the surface and perhaps even the oceans later with life going back and forth between these environments.
Like for instance fungi seem to be Eukaryotes which colonized the subterranean biosphere as they keep finding more fungi deep underground from core samples for instance and that I suspect is probably how they likely colonized the land, spreading from below and eventually enabling green algae to colonize land via a symbiotic relationship which eventually led to plants.
There are apparently even organisms which live in such extreme conditions underground that if you transferred them from Earth to Venus they could potentially survive on the **surface** or at least below ground and at the very least it supports the possibility there could be life on Mars and perhaps even at one point of time Mercury since we now know the planet has or at least had high levels of volatiles beyond what would be expected if it formed where it is now.
It is somewhat of a tangent but there was a recent paper in Science advances which using comprehensive analysis of MESSENGER data determined that most of Mercury's strange "chaotic" terrain is caused by planetary scale sublimation ongoing for the last 4.1 billion years. The Sun has literally baked away most of the planet leaving only the high sublimation temperature material left over from the planets crust and mantle as well as the planets core.
If true that raises grave worries about many of those close in exoplanets with orbits close to their star which is supported by the observation that close in planets around sunlike stars tend to be very young star systems relative to our own. It is complete speculation but I wouldn't be surprised if Mercury wasn't even originally the closest planet to the Sun perhaps there were other planets closer which have since evaporated and or crashed into the Sun.
Some of those hot Jupiters found in the late 1990's are in orbits that have in the decades since had their period decay significantly suggesting they will crash into their star in a few million years. This is supported by their star systems being tens of millions of years old or less. In principal perhaps our Sun could have once sported a hot Jupiter as such a planet would likely have crashed into the Sun perhaps even before our Moon formed.. Um sorry I got way off topic um hope this in some way helps? ~~I get easily sidetracked~~
Edited for clarity:11/11/2020
I have absolutely No interest in building my own fantasy worlds, but I learn so much about our world from your videos.
And its always explained very understandable.
I Just love this Channel.
tl;dr - In the ground
Big brain answer
Thanks
Why more word when few work
You probably didn't know so: tl;dw actually exists
@@Pupqet oh yea that'd make more sense
This is literally the stage I'm at in my world-building: where are natural resources?
Thank you for this! I absolutely love your videos and am so thankful that I'm not the only nerd out there who likes my fantasy to be grounded in a little realism!
Along the same topic: Any thoughts on what certain environments might have on animal evolution?
Check out biblaridion, he's the master of speculative evolution
@@sourapple3845 thank you, I will! In my fantasy world all of the typical fantasy trope races (elves and such) all evolved from one proto-ancestor. Ive had trouble picturing how that might happen other than simple stuff like "dwarves moves underground and evolved to be shorter", and "orcs live in a predator-heavy environment that required them to be strong and breed fast"
I also recommend checking out Worldbuilding Notes - the cultures she creates are brilliantly unique and may offer some ideas for developing your fantasy races. If you can find them, the videos Life After People, The Future is Wild, or After Man: a Zoology of the Future - may give you some ideas about how environments can affect animal evolution.
Usually nature finds a way to adapt to anything. For example if your world had a flash star (star that bursts with radiation at intervals) then your plants or animal life might developed a way to sense this, and a form of protection. A shell or a mucous layer. But because flash stars generally give out low radiation when they do not burst your plantlife may be black to absorb as much as possible when it's not bursting. Or perhaps have a lighter colour incase they protect themselves too late.
@@Tokmurok Careful as you are describing the opposite of Darwinism.
Life does not "adapt" actively, a Giraffe's ancestor did not stretch its neck more in order for it to grow longer.
Instead, errors in genetic duplication of genitor cells ( *extremely* important, the spermatozoïds and ovules are the ones that need to mutate in order for a mutation to stay in future individuals) resulted in many different results.
Most being inconsequential, many causing birth defects, some being detrimental or beneficial to the individual, either in general or its particular situation (environment, climatic events, food/predators/mates present, accidents), and those, in great part influenced with sheer luck, resulted in the dominance of that particular genetic trait.
I might as well be crying tears of joy, I've been trying to find resources to help with this topic and you've made a whole video about it you absolute legend
Go learn geology. My uncle was well educated in this exact topic all the way back in the soviet times
Exactly
i think it's important to mention that it's more than the anaerobic environment that caused coal deposits to form. almost all of the coal on earth is from the carboniferous when lignin was evolved and no bacteria or fungi could effectively break it down, trapping carbon. if a world doesn't have a period where a lot of carbon-rich molecules get trapped at once coal is going to be rarer than on earth.
Of course, if you have Earth-like life, it will have had a period when lignin was newly-evolved.
Timothy McLean maybe so! a lot of people myself included have worldbuilding projects that don't have anything to do with earth life though so it was an important point to make imo. on my planet the closest things to trees use a natural resin polymer instead of lignin, for instance.
@@timothymclean Yeah of course, but things could always happen differently. it could have taken a lot less time for such microbes to develolp, not leaving millions of years worth of trees stacked on top of eachother, maybe just a few hundrew thousand years worth.
It would make a big difference in the availability of coal.
But what about charcoal?
@@512TheWolf512
Not an ore so it makes no difference.
That's just made from wood burned in a hypoxic environment if memory serves.
To be honest, I never thought about underground stuff in my world building... thank you very much!
Your dwarves are disappointed.
Oh yeah I completely forgot about dwarves too
No dwarves also means that a lot of ancient evils remain buried, so that's a plus.
Everyone's always worried about the buried ancient evil. Where did all the buried ancient good go?
@@Ledabot Either releasing sealed Good has barely any effect on the world, or Evil is too incompetent to seal Good away in the first place. Though both options mess with any kind of balance the two might have...
My minecraft brain thinking: Diamond is at level 12 and iron can be found everywhere
Actually I think it’s just coal that can be found anywhere, iron only spawns below y64
I really wish Minecraft ore placement was more interesting.
@@Sir_Budginton Especially in gravel
I want to like this comment but it's already at a nice number.
And mesas have large amounts of gold
correction on diamond deposits: diamonds are actually surprisingly common, it's just ones large and pure enough for use as jewelry that are rare. this is how we have things like diamond dust coated grinders - they use the small, less pure diamonds for cutting thanks to their high strength.
also, i used this for some of the planets on my hybrid sci-fi fantasy setting - Mithril deposits are formed from iron deposits in areas of abnormally high magic concentration, for example.
A lot of this is also basically marketing, the idea of diamond being elevated above the other cardinal gems (which also used to include amethyst before large deposits in South America tanked the value) is a modern perception.
ua-cam.com/video/GzXeWlRzBqs/v-deo.html Actually, we snagged all the good deposits, within some degree.
Basically diamonds used to be rare until they found them in Africa and then they just kept pretending
(A slight oversimplication of the course I took in the Science and Politics of Gems)
Me: okay i just done a 3 hour practice maths paper I should get some rest-
Artifexian: new video
Me: oh well...
Question: Would higher or lower gravity affect the depths and pressures where things like coal and oil are formed?
Pressure not so much, but depth most certainly. Lower gravity, means larger depth to reach the same pressures (which are needed to form coal/oil/gas). Vice versa for higher gravity.
@@BlaBla-hq1bu Plus it may also affect the time it takes for those to form in the first place, as the lower gravity would probably also affect the speed at which the pressure builds up.
Just to say that if your world have a negative gravity so none of this works!
@@jfp0763 physics.exe has stopped working
@@jfp0763 negative gravity means it just repels itself into a mess of particles throwing themselves away from every other particle found, causing chaos
0:25 - I was told somewhere that these plants were so new, in evolutionary timescales, that in addition to the water being low-oxygen there were not yet any bacteria or fungus which had evolved to decompose the dead trees?
This is accurate, most of Earth's coal is from plant life which existed before fungus evolved to break it down.
However, this process still occurs today in environments which do not easily support fungi and aerobic bacteria, but not on nearly the same scale and scope as our oldest coal formations.
Could you do a video on mapmaking scale? That's a part where I always struggle. What I mean with scale is how wide mountain ranges should be, how much a river would meander at a certain scale, or how rough coastlines should be. I'd be very pleased to see this!
"Hello internet, let's world build."
Aaaaaaaaand subscribed.
Happy you can join us!
This an amazing channel.
I recommend you watch older videos as they're gems.
You provide the best resources for world building. Thank you for helping us.
wow that small explanation about how oil is formed really blew my mind as I was watching it I realised I knew jack shit about something quite important for today's needs
I really need to watch more on that subject
0:09 Coal -> 1:06
1:36 Oil and gas -> 3:41
3:24 Side note: Underground salt deposits
4:38 Ores
-> 5:39
-> 6:42
-> 7:30
-> 7:52
Two years later, and I'm still rewatching this guide.
Thanks, Artifexian!
!! I was looking for this kind of stuff a couple days ago- this is super helpful, thank you for this video!!
Just gonna hop on the “this is exactly what I needed” train because it’s exactly true
This is exactly not what I needed because I'm procrastinating, but I like it
Diamonds will usually appear between Y level 0 and 15
Lol
I dig to 0 and can't find a single diamond
14 actually
Best science class I've ever attended
Would you ever do a video on fantastical alternatives to plate tectonics? Like, on one hand, if they're totally fantastical, there are no rules, but what features are important to keep even if part of the system is weird. Like, say, digging deep enough leads into a portal to hell, that's gonna have weird effects on geography if everything else is the same.
You might want to check out the Worldbuilding Pasta blog. They have a huge collection of alternative tectonic modes.
not SO fantastical. Venus has no plates but has volcanic activity.
Wow, that's an excellent summary. I took mining engineering in university, and while most of my classes were on mine design and safety, not deposit spread (it was, after all, not mining geology that I was studying), this 11 minute video could have replaced about half of the class we had on ore deposits and honestly probably been more comprehensive. I am genuinely impressed, sir. Well done!
Curious on how you would do fantasy metals like adamantine, where they come from meteors that go through the atmosphere. They might keep together and create a deposit on impact but quite a bit would fall off or be akin to metal flakes that would fall across the trail. Would these be likely to follow trails like the trash heaps do, or would they build up in other areas.
Bless you. I have been trying to dig this information out of various sites for two days now. I cannot even communicate the extent of my gratitude to have found this video.
Stable interior explains diamonds in Africa then, all running along the stable interior
OK I need you to read this.
I thought this was going to be a video about where materials are found in certain franchises fantasy lore.
what I got was a geology lesson about how and where materials form and collect in the ground.
it was very well made and I learned a few things, great video even if I do not care about world building.
Here’s a tip, try to check what a channel usually posts before committing to watching a video
I'm going to have to revisit this a few times. I've been interesting in creating a salt lake with a high concentration of ores like chromium that could generate a toxic, low pH salt lake. And then throw a strange mangrove in it. Need to pick a reasonable location on the map.
I love how much you're actually TEACHING here! In a 10 min video you nail the core learning points of my entire masters degree.
A Dwarven guide to life's better things. Damn, Edgar, I've started saying " Doon!" When I finish a thing. I like. Carry on.
I've always struggled with this, so thank you very very much for making this video! Finally some direction as to where to place natural resources instead of my usual "just throw some deposits into the ground somewhere"
This is great! I needed this about 3 days ago when I was finishing up placing my copper and tin deposits on the world map for my bronze-age civilization. Looks like I did copper right, but I think I did tin wrong...
I know I'm late, but this is honestly one of my favorite videos on this channel! I wish we could get more of this, maybe a more in-depth explanation of more and different types of minerals, as well as various niche metals and minerals (where the hell would zirconium or tantalum appear?).
Time Stamps:
0:09 - Coal
1:37 - Oil & Gas
4:39 - Ores
I learned way more than I expected to learn in this video, and yet not what I expected to learn at all. I assumed this was going to be "What types of ore you might expect to see in worlds where magic exists" or "...in worlds with different pressure" or something like that, but I still learned a lot, so I appreciate the video!
If we are being realistic about this, the one part you got painfully wrong was diamond distribution, all diamonds need to form is heat, pressure and time, which on earth has lead to them being among the most common gems on the planet. Granted in a fantasy setting, depending on circumstances, diamond might turn out rare due to differing geology, but it stil would be all that rare in the area its found, the distribution would be higher.
I love how these videos always bring up a detail that I never would have thought to consider on my own, and then forever stall out my process of world building as I rush to integrate the new things I learned and progressively forget what my original vision for the world actually was.
Been waiting for this for years!
I had no idea a worldbuilding community existed on YT & I have no need of mapping natural resources in a fantasy world but holy moly that was an educational overview of geologic features + characteristics. I used to collect rocks as a kid; I grew up on bases but several of the transfers we had were on the Canadian Shield, & when my Dad was in Colorado Springs, he took me for a motorcycle ride at dawn thru the Garden of the Gods rock formations. I love geology; it's like a language of the landscaping. You can see the story of Deep Time Earth & the effects of longterm processes by learning natural history & it's so beautiful be able to "read" the land around you.
Anyways don't know how or why I got here but that awakened a lot, thanks!
EDIT: went to check the other content here & ended up subbing
Underground, duh
Btw diamonds are far more common than people think. The Debeer's company (which owns most of the mines) sells only a small percentage of the diamond they mine to keep prices high. Same reason why Lamborghinis are super expensive, they only make a few hundred a year instead of millions of units like Toyota does.
Nobody thinks they're rare and you're not special for knowing this fact. That doesn't change the fact that well-coloured, non-included clear diamonds are relatively rare and objectively valuable.
@@sussurus actually many people do think they're rare.
@@longnoseboi that's a fair point and a poor choice of word on my part.
I have no plans to create a fantasy world, but it was facinating to learn about ores and how they form, especially with these well-made animations.
“where metals are found”
*_shows a picture of a diamond, which isn’t a metal_*
I mean mineral in Starcraft look like diamond so...
@@justnoob8141 lots of crystalline structures can be composed of metallic compounds. But diamond is made of carbon specifically, which isnt a metallic element.
I think this was the first Artifexian video I watched, and coming back, I can easily say that my coming to this channel was not a disappointment
Wow. I'm so much more well equipped to choose where ore deposits belong in my world. Now I just need to find the time to do so.
Well wouldn't you know, there's this new hot product from China that will get you all the time you need!
I don't know why the algorithm brought me here but it looks like I'll be binging this channel today.
*fastest click in the west*
yep, this is just a cheap way of saying "FIRST!!!111!!"
Dude this first meme is bad
Finally an original “First” deserving of a like
No one dared to ask his business, no one dared to make a slip
For the stranger their among them had a mouse on his hip
@@Persac7 uts not a meme
@@strbourne agreed. Im liking it
I don't know why I misread the title and thought you were going to talk about fantasy metals. But I am still happy I clicked the video, even if slightly disappointed.
Damn I’m too early. I can’t browse for funny comments now ;-;
I started watching this before bed hoping it'd help me sleep. Failed, great video for learning this and not falling asleep, but bad video at helping fall asleep. Geology / 10
I don't want to tell you your business, as I deeply respect you and usually find your videos really helpful, but you really should've added how much time these processes take. A lot of conworlds are significantly younger than Earth, either because they're fantasy worlds created by gods, or because they were terraformed by a technologically advanced civilization, and thus a lot of these processes haven't had time to have the kind of effect as we see in our own world.
You, sir, have some quality animations and graphics. It's somewhat astounding, especially considering that there are much bigger channels dedicated to exactly this form of presentation with arguably lower quality details.
WHERES THE URANIUM?
also this is basically how to find ores
Where the source lead (Pb) is at. Lead decays from U-238. U-238 has a halflife about the same age as the earth, coincidentally, so where the uranium is found, probably less than half of that is lead.
Depending on the heat, the lead might well melt and flow off elsewhere. Also lead oxides dissolve, somewhat famously, as the Romans found out.
I appreciate that this is presented in an educational manner and not like other channels that present knowledge in a sarcastic way like that "how to write things badly" channel
Ha, it's like we're on the same wavelength or something. Lately, it seems like you almost always put out a video on a subject I'm currently working on (like now) or just finished up (which is still good because it let's me check my work). Keep them coming😃😃😃
This is the video that pushed me over the edge to subscribe. Been watching some of your videos to help me with my Homebrew world that I've be working on for over two years now, and the map is starting to look so much better for it. Thank you for making these videos.
I wish there was a way to automate this part
I mean, if you get realllllly into programming and have a complete map of your world with everything else already included...... it's possible. It certainly doesn't sound impossible. Just really long.
Just found this by pure chance, what an incredible resource! Thank you VERY much!
"Traps can be found in a variety of locations"
Thank you for posting this mate. This is a HUGE help to worldbuilders like me. I'm now quite confident I got most of my ore placements right, with just a few adjustments. Thank you again and keep up the great work!
Where is Iron ? i need it for my tanks to take Oil from Avian empire !
I appreciate the quick introduction! It might have helped if we get an introduction to the lay of the land and their historic movement before introducing the minerals. I found myself having to check back to figure out how areas have developed over time, making it harder to understand in one sitting.
"Traps can be found in a veriety of locations", im concerned
Reminds me to my last exam at college. Geology of mineral deposits... I got a D and was very proud of myself for getting rid of all the exams. I just had to have a simple talk about the geographic perspective on sustainable development (got an A) and I was done. I am so proud of myself for finnishing college with all the bad things happening to me at the time. Majority of my peers gave up even without those problems, but I persisted. That fact raised my self-respect a lot.
God: Makes a planet.
Me: WHY IS THIS SO COMPLICATED!?!
God: Because you're not God.
Artifexian might be God . . .
Religious bs.
I did not even know all of these fantastic guys and now you expect me to know where to put them? O.o
This is all very interesting but why would you ever need to do this?
Well obviously, it's for your next RLCraft quest-based adventure map.
I know I'm (really) late, but civilizations grow to exploit these natural resources. So, to answer the question: To know where to put the mining towns.
I was a lousy world builder before your videos, thanks for all the amazing information!
today I learned about how geology regarding minerals and stuff works. honestly didn't think that would be what I was learning, but IDK what I expected.
I forgot this existed and now it's just popped in front of me while I'm world building without any trace of memory from this channel
I love your work. You are a big part why I got into worldbuilding and conlangs. The amount of research that must go into episodes like this must be quite significant. Keep up the amazing work.
This really does seem like a D’ni lecture series on basic principles for the Art.
Thank you, almighty algorithm, for bringing me to a channel I never knew I needed
This was an absolutely fantastic video and I enjoyed it very much! I always love it when fantasy worlds put this amount of thought into their geography. While having some very good pointers, there's two other forms of ore deposits that I think were missed in this video (and I'm sure others as well, but there's no need to be over specific). I apologize if I have gotten that wrong and just missed you mentioning it in the video. (Also I'm aware this is an older video and I'm a bit late to the party, sorry.)
The first is the kind of mineralization associated with magma intruding into the crust to form plutons. A large mass of plutons greater than 40 square kilometers is called a Batholith. Large quantities of mineralization generally form from hydrothermal fluids percolating through the surrounding rocks and depositing minerals such as Copper, Tin, Tungsten, Lithium, Iron, Arsenic, Wolframite (Containing Iron, Tungsten and Manganese), Lead and Zinc. Small concentrations of Silver and Uranium can also be formed during later phases of mineralization. The best example I can give is the "Cornubian Batholith" and it's associated mineralization. This is quite similar to the volcanism associated mineralization that you mentioned in this video, but often occurs under ancient eroded mountain chains where you get granite at the surface, forming moors. You wouldn't mine the minerals from the granite itself, but instead the heavily mineralized contact metamorphic rocks just adjacent to the granite plutons.
The second are the "Banded Iron Formations". These were formed across the globe in areas of Precambrian crust and were thought to be associated the oxygenation of the earth's oceans bringing the iron ions in the ocean out of solution and depositing them as gigantic bands of iron oxides. Most formations in our world can be found in Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, and the United States.
If anyone does want to use this information from my comment, I highly encourage you to go and do some additional research on the "Cornubian Batholith", "Batholith Formation", "Batholith Mineralization" and "Banded Iron Formations", as there is a lot of nuance that I will have missed, and likely some incorrect information in my post.
This is perfect timing, just starting a resource map for a new setting!
been trying to figure out where to place a silver mine for AGES, thank you so much!
Nice! I've been waiting for a good worldbuilding talk about minerals.
I am learning so much about fantasy worlds today.
Exceptionally informative and highly engaging in its aesthetic. This video is diamond quality.
Man you are a mean instigator of mapmaking/writing lust. Congrats on the excellent work.
I have no ability to comprehend most of that but I watched the entire video because of a book I read where the protagonist gains a perfect memory in another world. This will be incredibly useful in the off chance that happens. So thank you.
Well this is great! I've been searching things to do exactly what this video says for more than 7 months, and now I found this!
I thought this was about fantasy minerals and not realistic fantasy, still very informative
Damn. I am a geological engineering student and I had to take a 'resource management' (read that as 'ore geology') class as a core course once. I can honestly say I wish I had found this video back then, because I feel like a bunch of stuff just sort of retroactively clicked in place in my mind. I had not been doing great in the class, and I overall felt like it was because I lacked any sort of 'intuitive' / big picture understanding of the material. I found my prof often focused on specific examples of each orebody type instead of generalized concepts, this often made it hard to tell what was specific to the example and what was part of the generalized idea. While this video was definitely far from a comprehensive coverage of everything in the class and very fast-paced, watching it felt like a great review and I feel like I understand the bigger picture way better than I had before. Very solid execution!
THIS IS THE VIDEO I'VE BEEN NEEDING FOR 3 MONTHS THANK YOU SO MUCH!
Because of this video I now have to redraw most of my map, especially the parts that pertain to civilization. Thank you! I was getting bored of it anyway, hahaha
Amazing video, this is all I wanted to learn in Geography and never did. Keep up the amazing job!
My brain at the end of this video - Done!
But seriously! This is facinating and really useful! Thank you!!
please make a video explaining jet stream and the Meiyu front, I absolutely love your videos
This Video is underrated and deserves a lot more views. Very well done!
Diamonds are actually really common we just overprice them so the jeweler/miner owner can make a lot more for one.
Your content is so engaging! Thanks for providing such valuable and interesting geography lessons. 🌍❤
this video, aside from the interesting natural systems and the amount of detail they inform, is so invaluable as I began world-building not long ago. instant subscribe. thank you so much!
Yo yo yo wait wait wait.
That was more interesting info than my entire geology class.
And this is about world building
I had no idea about the bif deposits. Thanks so much
I thought yoi'd actualy talk about what the title says haha! Tricked me into learning something new. Thanks for making me learn stuff without me even really noticing😂