To sum up. I may be wrong in some parts but this is what I assume. Ethanol is added because Halogenoalkanes dissolve in Ethanol and because ethanol also dissolves in water, both water and halogenoAlkenes would mix and thus react together. Silver Nitrate is in a solution and “solution” means mixed or dissolved in water. So if any of you all are wondering where water is , remember it’s in the silver nitrate solution. That is to ensure that water breaks up the halogen ions and the silver automatically bonds with this halogen to form a silver halide salt which is how this precipitate forms
Hi, you know how water reactions with the halogenoalkane in nucleophilic substitution, would an alkene reacting with water (steam) be nucleophilic addition then? But alkenes only undergo electrophilic addition? Thanks
An alkene can react with water via electrophilic addition, but it happens at 300oC and needs a sulfuric acid catalyst. The OH on Sulfuric acid is vital for the reaction to occur, as the Hydrogen atom is the electrophile and instigates the formation of the carbocation. A water molecule can then react (Donating one its lone pairs) to the carbocation. The remaining HSO4 cation then accepts a Hydrogen from the water molecule bounded to the carbocation. Hence this forms an alcohol.
@@whitehotpot9291 so, the h+ from the acid attacks the alkene because the h+ is a electrophille and then the acid is h2po4-? And then the water acts as a nucleophille and donates the lone pair of electrons and makes oh- which then attaches to the carbocation and then that h+ goes to the acid?
I am also amazed by the gas taps, they look awesome
They SOOO are!!!!!!
The ethanol is added to enable the chemicals to mix effectively (acting as a solvent). It's not taking part in the reaction.
To sum up. I may be wrong in some parts but this is what I assume.
Ethanol is added because Halogenoalkanes dissolve in Ethanol and because ethanol also dissolves in water, both water and halogenoAlkenes would mix and thus react together.
Silver Nitrate is in a solution and “solution” means mixed or dissolved in water. So if any of you all are wondering where water is , remember it’s in the silver nitrate solution. That is to ensure that water breaks up the halogen ions and the silver automatically bonds with this halogen to form a silver halide salt which is how this precipitate forms
Nailed it!
That's why HI is the strongest acid among halogen halides!
Thank you, this helped a lot!
Emily Hawkridge Very glad to hear it :)
Would it be right to say that the second step of the mechanism (breaking the carbon-halogen bond) is the rate-determining step?
I do not remember learning the silver chloride stuff! What is unit one and did you make videos?
zed chy unit one is his F321 videos :)
zed chy if you go on the channel, you'll see them all under playlists
I don't get why you added the ethanol, I thought you were meant to add water?
+Syeda N You do. The ethanol allows the water and the haloalkane to mix. Without it they would form 2 separate layers.
Hi, you know how water reactions with the halogenoalkane in nucleophilic substitution, would an alkene reacting with water (steam) be nucleophilic addition then? But alkenes only undergo electrophilic addition? Thanks
Alkenes reacting with steam is electrophillic addition pretty sure
An alkene can react with water via electrophilic addition, but it happens at 300oC and needs a sulfuric acid catalyst. The OH on Sulfuric acid is vital for the reaction to occur, as the Hydrogen atom is the electrophile and instigates the formation of the carbocation. A water molecule can then react (Donating one its lone pairs) to the carbocation. The remaining HSO4 cation then accepts a Hydrogen from the water molecule bounded to the carbocation. Hence this forms an alcohol.
@@whitehotpot9291 wow thanks, but isn't it phosphoric acid instead of sulfuric or can it be any?
@@24kings57 Both can be used, but your right - phosphoric acid is better. You need concentrated H2SO4 for the mechanism to work.
@@whitehotpot9291 so, the h+ from the acid attacks the alkene because the h+ is a electrophille and then the acid is h2po4-? And then the water acts as a nucleophille and donates the lone pair of electrons and makes oh- which then attaches to the carbocation and then that h+ goes to the acid?
What's the alcohol 4
A bit late but Halogenoalkanes don't dissolve in Water so ethanol is used (90% sure of this ;)