@@LegoCowManZ next thing you know we're building up speed to go to those parallel universes and using spiders to become immune to boulders (cliche reference i know)
@@LegoCowManZReDigit on his way to go make a Koopa the quick reference npc for terraria while not fixing this bug because why not? They let us keep hoiks, why not transmutation
All this transmutation stuff keeps getting better and better! Also new challenge unlocked: Step 1. Make new world Step 2. Set this up with old character, run overnight Step 3. Make new character, try to beat the game
The glitch does not allow you to get hardmode ores in pre-hm. The altar also disappears after the world converts to hardmode if you set it up in pre-hm, not only if you disconnect from the server.
I definitely want to leave this running for several days, especially since i found a tick-perfect way of activating it (No macros, just more glitches on top of glitches!) So, 5,184,000 a day... For, say, a week...
@zamzone0770 true. But that also means we can FINALLY break those damn DAs in the way of a mine cart track or a build we want to put down somewhere! And we don't even have to ruin the world either I'd we didn't want ore to begin with! 😊 😃
@@EthyrielY There is a way to make it so that you don't have to right click on the top right corner of the campfire to break the altar. You need to right click the same corner of the campfire once to get ore like normal, but then you can turn on smart cursor and can right click anywhere on the right half of the screen. This works to create new ore as long as you don't flip the switch, which breaks the altar permanently if you flip the switch at least twice in rapid succession.
I didn't know that well, because it was so hard trying to get onto the corruption without dying (I was in master mode) so when I finally get to the demon altars I destroyed every single one that I saw and instantly use the magic mirror to go home
Curiosity for math nerds: Since redigit coded the ore spawning with a function that’s called Harmonic Series (1/n), you can technically cover the *whole* world with ore, given enough time. If it was coded differently, say 1/(n^2), there would be a limit of ore spawned, even after breaking infinite altars, more specifically it would never exceed double the ore the first altar breaking would generate found this cool and will prolly use it in some project and you should too
There are two things that might prevent total transmutation: how the game selects blocks and the smallest number of blocks that it will transmute. I'm not 100% sure if the first one will actually prevent it, but if the game randomly and independently selects blocks to transmute each time, then you will start running into a problem of the game spawning ore on top of ore, which will mean that over time you're actually getting (1/n)*(1-p) bits of ore in your world, with n being the number of altars destroyed and p being the proportion of your world that is currently ore. It feels like that will prevent the world from having everything that can be turned into ore turn into ore, however math is weird so I don't know. However the other part might be a problem: depending on how the game decides the amount of ore to spawn, there could be a point where the amount of ore the game decides to spawn is rounded down to 0, meaning that no more ore will spawn. Or it could round up somewhere, causing the first thing to not actually be a problem because it actually breaks from the harmonic series at some point and stays above it.
@@bastian_5975In your scenario you can approximate it with the following differential equation where x is the amount of ore spawned, a is the amount of ore spawned after the first altar broken, k is the total amount of spawning spaces in the world, and the initial condition x(1) = 0: dx/dt = a/x * (k - x)/k Wolfram Alpha kindly gives us the solution x(t) = k (W(-e^((a - a t)/k^2 - 1)) + 1), where W is the product log or Lambert W function. There is no solution for t where x(t) = k, moreover, the limit of x(t) as t->inf is k. Therefore you can get arbitrarily close to filling up your world but never fill up your world with hardmode ore, as opposed to if you generated the maximum amount of ore every time, you would still finish (it would just be exponential in k/a). However, do note that the ODE is just an approximation, if you keep getting lucky then you could still fill up the world.
@@bastian_5975for fun, I did the math on if ore value gets overwritten, what is the solution (ignoring rounding issues). Can’t really do it as a sum, because subsequent partial sums require previous values of subsums, so the best I could hope for was a recursion sequence. Start with s(1) = p, where p is a value between 0 and 1 referring to how much of the world gets covered by ore with the first altar. Then to the previous sum of n-1 iterations, you add p/n times the uncovered portion of the world which is (1-s(n-1)). This leaves the nonlinear recursion relation s(n) = (1-p/n)s(n-1) + p/n. At this point I was ready to call it quits because even approaching the conversion of that sequence was far above my pay grade. But for shits n giggles I plugged it into Wolfram Alpha. Believe it or not, WolframAlpha pooped out an analytical solution in terms of the Gamma function. I cannot begin to explain to you why it’s the answer, but here it is in terms of factorials. s(n) = 1 - (n-p)!/(n!(-p)!) This converges to 1! So the whole world will get covered in ore eventually. Why? Tl;dr: (-p)! is a positive constant close to 1 and smaller factorial over bigger factorial means that fraction will converge to 0. Converge to 0: a limit to infinity you can use the stirling approximation to get that fraction to (n-p)^(n-p)/n^n * sqrt(1-p/n) * 1/((-p)!e^p). That first factor is less than n^(n-p)/n^n = 1/n^p which converges to 0. The sqrt converges to 1 and the third factor is a constant.
"How do you get any item in the game or break the evil altars infinite amount of times? To answer that question, we need to talk about parallel universes."
Because the amount of ore each alter generates follows the harmonic series (but for each ore, it actually doesn't change to 1/2 until after the first 3 are broken, then 1/3 until the first 6), which actually diverges to infinity as much as it seems like it won't, you could- assuming the terraria world was infinite- actually generate infinite ore. However, for a reference of how long this will take, let's start at the first demon alter you break and call that 1. In order for your world to have 100 times as much cobalt/palladium ore in it than you would after breaking 1, and breaking the alters at a rate of 1 alter every millisecond, you would need to continue breaking alters for roughly 1,426,002,993,465,483,882,743,766,655,714,962 and a half years. For a reference, the big bang is generally understood to have occurred 13.8 billion years ago. This number is 103,333,550,251,122,020,488,678.5 times bigger than that. Now while I couldn't find exact sizes for each vein of cobalt added, we do know that 250 veins are added at alter 1. If we were to assume that every single one of the 20,160,000 blocks in the terraria large world was replaceable by cobalt/palladium, and none of the other ores were added in-between, we'll throw a random guess out and say the ores generate in vein sizes of about 50 per vein. For 50 per vein, filling up that world would need 403,200 veins, and dividing that by the 250 veins we get from alter 1 yields 1612.8, which is the number our harmonic series needs to pass in order to fill the whole world. But remember, the massive number I calculated earlier ONLY accounts for the harmonic series up to ONE-HUNDRED. So even if this program had been running since the start of the universe over a hundred sextillion times, AND you factored in ALL THREE ores generating instead of just the cobalt, you still would not have generated one full world of ore using demon alters. Chances are far more likely that would game would have lost so much floating point precision in figuring out how much ore to generate that it simply would have rounded down to 0 and not given you anything by this point. Either that or it has a minimum positive value it yields, in which case this may actually reach a full world far faster, but it would still be unreasonably slow.
Someone already filled a world with hardmode ores & they only broke 1,000,000 altars. The video where they did it was even mentioned in this video. That means terraria definitely rounds the number of ore veins up. It also wouldn't make sense to spawn a smaller ore vein, because it would look weird & confuse the player, normally such high precision would never be required, it would probably be harder to code, & if it worked like that, it wouldn't have been possible to fill a world with hardmode ores by only breaking 1,000,000 altars. Assuming each altar spawns 1 vein of 50 ores anywhere in the world, filling the world with hardmode ores would only require breaking 403,200 altars.
@@Mo_Mauve I know, I was simply doing the math under the assumption that computers could and practically DID compute with infinite decimal precision. I figured it was quite likely that they rounded up, and the 50 ore per vein was entirely an assumption for the sake of having a number to calculate with, not a precise count.
Spot on- I believe it's technically possible to go _faster_ than the game's tickrate with wire, but due to client-server weirdness of MCGO it doesn't work with wire. (If it did I could hypothetically make a 4000Hz Demon Altar spawner.) But, I _did_ find a glitch that allows for tick-perfect altar spawning, though this video was already nine minutes long at the point I discovered that, so it's getting added to a future project.
@@JacobFrancom I use Logitech G-hub, though an Autohotkey script would work just as well. There's a macroless method to do it tick-perfectly (ergo, faster than autoclicker) that will be featured in two videos or so. It involves a _very_ strange combination of bugs.
I've just started a little bit of my own testing on this and it also works on crimson hearts and shadow orbs which I guess is a good way to get a ton of money particularly if you have an NPC right next to you to sell the stuff to quickly. I'm about to test a few more things like getting hardmode ore pre-hardmode and farming queen bee
I actually had no idea that they removed that. Because I was a masochist and purified my words, I didn't break demon altars to save myself some work. ...this meant I had to fish for all of my hardmode ores. So, this is the opposite, because if you do this enough you run out of sotne.
@@treymathis1189-- Correct, as of 1.4.4, demon altars no longer have a 2/3 chance to convert a random stone block outside of my containment specially placed to eat most of my jungle before I even notice, which means I can stop fishing all of my hardmode ore. Phew.
At 226 alters broken, you reach the amount of ore equivalent to breaking the first alter 6 times. (not counting veins that overlap, cause remember, the more ore, the less space can be turned into ore.) edit: ok, I'm just gonna make a little list, cause otherwise, that is just a single data point, that can be little more than a random fun fact. Taking the amounts that get closest adding the equivalent of one additional first alter: 1 alter gets as much as a first alter (duh). 4 alters get 208.33% of a first alter. 11 alters: 301.99% of a first. 30: 399.5% 83 500.21% 226 600% 615 699.97% 1673 799.99% 4549 900% 12366 1000%
@EthyrielY it took me roughly a minute total to scroll down to 12000 in the Excel sheet, so I'm not gonna go further, but plotting the points I've mentioned on a graph might give something close to the same result. I am not proficient enough in Excel to do that, though, and I don't know if it would work well to make a quick program in python to calculate it, becuase floating point stuff probably isn't presice enough to go that far. edit: Ok, writing the program will probably take less time than it took to write this message, so I'll just do it. Even if the result probably isn't great. edit2: I'm back with some numbers produced by the code I wrote. 1:1 4:2.083333 11:3.0198773448773446 31:3.9949871309203906 83:5.002068272680166 227:5.999961 616:6.9996507 1674:7.888999200430668 4550:8.9999882827 12367:9.9999621 33617:10.99998796 91380:12.000003051 248397:13.00000122948 675214:13.99999988104 1835421:14.999999833433106 4989191:16.00000009545252 5184000:16.03830327836495 (I left out some of the decimals on most of the middle ones because I'm writing this on a phone, but the code is on my computer. And writing the decimals I did write took longer than it took to write the code) edit3: I tried 100 days, my computer and/or python is too slow. I did try cutting out unnecessary parts, but it didn't really make a difference, and I wanna get back to my Calamity playthrough. At somewhere around 50-60 days, it hits 20 times the first alter. Interesting thing happened in that playhrough. I usually never actually break any alters, but when I killed wof, some tier 1 were distributed in the world (both cobalt and palladium. FTW seed.). I decided to break an alter a bit later on, but no new ores were distibutef in the world. My current theory is that the thing in the middle of Calamity's astral infection broke an alter, but I don't know why the second alter didn't produce any ores. Possibly just mods not working properly. edit4: I figured out the hm ore thing. And I wrote a quick program, that prints all of the items a door will produce (in [i:(number)] form) in lines of 50 items, that I can then copy paste to the chat in a Terraria world to see what that door will produce. I haven't quite figured out how to predict the items without transmuting the input door a few times first. it seems to jump 64 whenever it goes from door to item or opposite, but jump 36 in every other situation. I have used this method to look around for calamity items. I even got an undocumented unobtainable item (the starting bag (not to be confused with the starter bag)), and an item that crashes tmodloader when whatever contains it is saved. I have found, but not reached the ids of the 3 other unobtainable Calamity items (I don't have all of the doors, yet). I still haven't found cosmic plushie. meteor door gets that super op pickaxe. I haven't tried that pick (or any of the other stuff) out cause I haven't obtained it legitemately yet. Cryogen master death mode with a yoyo and fast gun is a really enjoyable fight!
@@Illogical. The first set of altars generate as many ores as the first set of altars, the first 4 sets of altars generate about twice as many ores as the first set of altars, etc.
Hey there my guy. So I tried a bunch of things myself with the invincibility setup and found that, 1. You can use shimmer to permenantly be invincible to everything 2. Enemies seem to target different locations when you try to move, for example walking enemies drop through platforms if you stand on them and press down while in the setup. Im sure you tried that stuff already but in case you didn't, here you go.
Thanks for reminding me about Shimmer! It works as invulnerability against everything _but_ bosses, since the devs figured people would use it to cheese otherwise. I'm going to need to look into enemy targeting- I haven't actually looked into that yet! I That sounds interesting, and like it might have some applications for potential boss cheese. Cheers!
So I have a little Update on the mobs moving weird thing, it seems to only work on multiplayer, probably bc the server thinks the player is moving until he is litteraly off screen. However, be aware that the server is still smart enough to only see possible movement, so if you are running into a wall, the server knows and the enemies will target your position on the wall. The best friend to test this on is a ghost or bosses like eye of cthulu. And another little thing, the bone Helmet and probably also Sporsack work in the setup as well.
@@menegy2982 I wonder if it's possible to trap the parallel universe version of you in a box & then walk away so that you don't have to worry about enemies attacking you.
@@Mo_Mauve unfortunatly the parallel self disappears after a second and when it goes offscreen so no luck there. Also walking away would remove the parallel self anyway, bc the setup is required.
An interesting thing of note, the math (described at 7:05) implies: lim_(n->∞) sum_1^n (1/x). Which tends toward infinity over time. The falloff is indeed bad, with ~100 clicks getting you 5x the ore of breaking the first demon altar, and 10,000 clicks only being around ~10x the ore of the first demon altar. But technically speaking, you could turn the entire world into ore with enough time.
This is super funny to me. When you first showed off the CGO, the first thing i did was recreate it. Second thing i did was do this exact thing. I made an automatic wraith farm with my friend. This was 2 months ago.
The ore produced follows the harmonic series, which you'll find has a limit of +Infinity, so yeah in time you can brute force any amount. Also, watch for rolling rocks.
Happy to! There's going to be a few more videos on it since it's such a versatile glitch. Funny bit of trivia: I discovered MCGO, wasn't recording, had no idea what I did and lost it for about four months, and then re-discovered it. It seems simple in retrospect, just "Campfire Glitch in Multiplayer", but at the time it just didn't occur to me to test that heh
@@julienbronsch5039 each time you destroy an altar. Alongside new ores being spread, random evil blocks are also placed in the world. So when you break this many altars. If you don't purify your world it'll be 100% corrupt in probably a few hours.
@@william_.575 Looked it up, it says "removed 1.4.4, september 2022." My comment is from summer of 2023. I think after being in the game since 1.1 (2011), it must have not caught my attention while reading the patch notes.
7:15 I’d like to add that the reason you *can* turn all the stone into ore is because the infinite sum 1+1/2+1/3+…=inifinity, meaning that given time (though probably a large amount of time) you could still get the whole world.
There's a new method that is several-hundred times faster than the method used in this video, which can saturate ~99.9% of the world with ore in less than 10- minutes, via being able to use wire (and therefore arbitrarily fast timers for activation) It really is just a numbers game!
I found a setup where you use a shadow or crimson orb instead of altar for infinite orb drops too. if you try this with crates of any kind (must be MCGO) it will duplicate them
The shadow orbs is the topic of a future video, alongside Queen Bee spawns. (It also works with Plantera.) Had no idea about the crates! It works with alot of furniture for duping, as far as I know, but be wary because it can also cause spectacular crashes on many others too.
I hope terraria doesn’t remove non game breaking bugs like this as I’m pretty sure almost %70 of terraria players have already beat the game more than once
Ok I've done some more testing. It's possible to see two unobtainable items, (not get them), get a terraprisma, a shell phone, a few dev set pieces, paladins hammer, shroomite breast plate, the architect gizmo pack, moonlord spawner, etc. Very interesting.
Also I do want to note after you get to the shell phone, anything after is non-existent and if you try to grab it it will disappear. Although I didn't not go very far after.
Here's a link to the spreadsheet with what door you need to get a given item: docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zLsNgfk6ZM8ZgbE_7mnKg5TimjjisQwM3j29g7ga2uE/edit?usp=sharing (You can use CGO to use a wooden door for everything but that method is a bit more complex, and is getting its own video. Stay tuned for that!)
Worth noting that, theoretically, if you broke the altar infinitely, you would eventually fill the entire world. As long as only stone is looked at for replacing, it will eventually replace all the stone in the world with ore. Simply because, mathematically, adding up the reciprocals of all the natural numbers, as described in the video, diverges to infinity. Granted this hinges on the ore blessing not being able to fail to generate and not being able to replace its own ores…
There’s a newer setup which can get really close to this limit, by breaking demon altars a few thousand times faster. The game does not like this (~5 seconds / frame), but it doesn’t crash surprisingly.
This is crazy! Side note. Whenever i hear you say parallel universe in these vids, all I can think of is the Red Hot Chili Peppers song by the same name.
Well, no. The amount of ore generated is modified by the equation Amount*(1/X) where X is the number of times ore of that type has previously been generated(always starts at 1) after you've broken one. So (1/1) then (1/2) then (1/3), etc. Make a graphing calculator plot (1/X) and what you'll see is that as X approaches infinity, (1/X) approaches 0. Since this is a videogame and not theoretical math, there is some number of demon altars that will eventually stop producing ores entirely, a hard cap. I would assume that after the 300th altar (1/100) very few ores were being generated, likely less than 10 total blocks every time, and after the 3000th (1/1000) altar nothing was probably being generated at all.
A small thing to note is that on console, the setup will require you to do some steps and your friend to do some of the others Edit: this info is correct on 1.4.4.9. I have yet to do testing on 1.4.4.9.4
ngl i thought this was just gonna be a quiet shitpost where you held it for a while and then moved on but i actually really love how you explain things, somehow it just clicks really well in my autistic ass head and your style of content in general is great
I've since found an altar-breaking method that gets really damn close to the theoretical limit, and can actually get quite close to a "100%-filled-with-ore" world in ~20 minutes, while AFK. ...Doing the math to reverse-engineer how many altars are actually being broken would be interesting.
Lol, its been a while. I was pretty sure on seeing the username that it was Yjay, and looking at your video history proved it. Then this showed up in my recommended feed. Nice video as well, a very nice glitch showcase :)
Long time no see! That's a name I'd recognize anywhere. Ahhh, the days of rail-sprinter mechs. (Man do I miss RC sometimes...) Hope you've been well in these intervening years- The internet really can be a remarkably small place sometimes!
@@EthyrielY yeah, I find myself missing RC as well at times. They're developing RC 2, but I don't have super high hopes given where the first one went. I've been well, but for the time being video games have taken a bit of a side role. Although I did recently do my first Terraria Master Mode playthrough with a friend, that was a lot of fun. I kinda want to make a video with the stream footage, but I've been putting it off because it's a LOT of footage.
Coming later this week in video form! The doc is getting super-ceded purely because it was out of date before I got even remotely close to finishing it. (I want to make sure I get explanations for current setups out before things get patched.)
@@EthyrielY looking forward to it! I always enjoy the why more than the how with glitches like these, like that hour and a half long introduction to portal's FCPS-abuse strats was awesome, but I still haven't the foggiest how you would use it lmao
This glitch probably has way more applications that have not yet been discovered. I really hope the developers just leave this glitch alone, as it’s just fun to mess around with.
I love how this bug is just named "the campfire glitch"; it needs no other description because it speaks for itself.
holy shit more accurate philosopher's stone in terraria
hmm how abt the ore dup glitch or odg
for short
campfire speaks for itself
Yeah and then there's totk with the "WAKO BOING GO"
Finally i can have close to enough titanium for 1 playtrough
I relate to this on a personal level.
Cannot relate, I speedrun past HM ores to get hallowed bars
Based
@@exploertm8738l get hard mode ores quicker than pre hard mode ores 😂
Me when I realise adamantite has better set bonuses for expert+ than titanium:
I love how the Bast Statue has become one of the most overpowered glitches in 1.4 onward.
Truly, a fine use for that thing
Why the Bast statue, what about it is so exploitable
@@ext8423I guess it is because of Bast Statue's block ID
@@ext8423 the video:
Bruh, it's so good for arenas too..
imagine if you could do this with angel statues instead lmao
I love how Terraria is almost becoming Super Mario 64 with its glitches and exploits
With how much client and server parallel universes are mentioned, one of these times we're gonna run into Koopa the Quick.
@@LegoCowManZ next thing you know we're building up speed to go to those parallel universes and using spiders to become immune to boulders
(cliche reference i know)
@@LegoCowManZReDigit on his way to go make a Koopa the quick reference npc for terraria while not fixing this bug because why not? They let us keep hoiks, why not transmutation
terraria with half a press
@@JanMaykiel real
All this transmutation stuff keeps getting better and better! Also new challenge unlocked:
Step 1. Make new world
Step 2. Set this up with old character, run overnight
Step 3. Make new character, try to beat the game
Only works after hardmode is on, otherwise the altar would vanish
@@thecountoftuscany3447 that only makes the challenge better, but also maybe a mod could fix that ?
@@dablob4491 If you're just setting up a challenge run, world editors could turn hardmode back off.
Old character? From which version??
@@probalbroganpalma2 he means a maxed out character with that
The glitch does not allow you to get hardmode ores in pre-hm. The altar also disappears after the world converts to hardmode if you set it up in pre-hm, not only if you disconnect from the server.
I definitely want to leave this running for several days, especially since i found a tick-perfect way of activating it (No macros, just more glitches on top of glitches!)
So, 5,184,000 a day... For, say, a week...
So what happens with all the stone?
@@EthyrielY You are one of the four horsemen of being stupidly excessive!
@zamzone0770 true. But that also means we can FINALLY break those damn DAs in the way of a mine cart track or a build we want to put down somewhere! And we don't even have to ruin the world either I'd we didn't want ore to begin with! 😊 😃
@@EthyrielY There is a way to make it so that you don't have to right click on the top right corner of the campfire to break the altar. You need to right click the same corner of the campfire once to get ore like normal, but then you can turn on smart cursor and can right click anywhere on the right half of the screen. This works to create new ore as long as you don't flip the switch, which breaks the altar permanently if you flip the switch at least twice in rapid succession.
Surprised to hear people didn't know destroying altars summons wraiths
I didn't know that well, because it was so hard trying to get onto the corruption without dying (I was in master mode) so when I finally get to the demon altars I destroyed every single one that I saw and instantly use the magic mirror to go home
wraiths just spawn all the time. i don't know why specifically doing something corruption related would spawn a surface enemy.
@@supremechaosbeing2696 they do
@@un_usuario_mas_del_internetand you was struggling to craft a single summon?
*casually turns door into terrablade*
Curiosity for math nerds:
Since redigit coded the ore spawning with a function that’s called Harmonic Series (1/n), you can technically cover the *whole* world with ore, given enough time.
If it was coded differently, say 1/(n^2), there would be a limit of ore spawned, even after breaking infinite altars, more specifically it would never exceed double the ore the first altar breaking would generate
found this cool and will prolly use it in some project and you should too
There are two things that might prevent total transmutation: how the game selects blocks and the smallest number of blocks that it will transmute.
I'm not 100% sure if the first one will actually prevent it, but if the game randomly and independently selects blocks to transmute each time, then you will start running into a problem of the game spawning ore on top of ore, which will mean that over time you're actually getting (1/n)*(1-p) bits of ore in your world, with n being the number of altars destroyed and p being the proportion of your world that is currently ore. It feels like that will prevent the world from having everything that can be turned into ore turn into ore, however math is weird so I don't know.
However the other part might be a problem: depending on how the game decides the amount of ore to spawn, there could be a point where the amount of ore the game decides to spawn is rounded down to 0, meaning that no more ore will spawn. Or it could round up somewhere, causing the first thing to not actually be a problem because it actually breaks from the harmonic series at some point and stays above it.
@@bastian_5975In your scenario you can approximate it with the following differential equation where x is the amount of ore spawned, a is the amount of ore spawned after the first altar broken, k is the total amount of spawning spaces in the world, and the initial condition x(1) = 0:
dx/dt = a/x * (k - x)/k
Wolfram Alpha kindly gives us the solution x(t) = k (W(-e^((a - a t)/k^2 - 1)) + 1), where W is the product log or Lambert W function.
There is no solution for t where x(t) = k, moreover, the limit of x(t) as t->inf is k.
Therefore you can get arbitrarily close to filling up your world but never fill up your world with hardmode ore, as opposed to if you generated the maximum amount of ore every time, you would still finish (it would just be exponential in k/a). However, do note that the ODE is just an approximation, if you keep getting lucky then you could still fill up the world.
Qual nível de cálculo eu preciso para alcançar essas deduções? Hahahahah, é sério, para mim vocês são gênios
@@bastian_5975for fun, I did the math on if ore value gets overwritten, what is the solution (ignoring rounding issues).
Can’t really do it as a sum, because subsequent partial sums require previous values of subsums, so the best I could hope for was a recursion sequence. Start with s(1) = p, where p is a value between 0 and 1 referring to how much of the world gets covered by ore with the first altar.
Then to the previous sum of n-1 iterations, you add p/n times the uncovered portion of the world which is (1-s(n-1)). This leaves the nonlinear recursion relation s(n) = (1-p/n)s(n-1) + p/n.
At this point I was ready to call it quits because even approaching the conversion of that sequence was far above my pay grade. But for shits n giggles I plugged it into Wolfram Alpha.
Believe it or not, WolframAlpha pooped out an analytical solution in terms of the Gamma function. I cannot begin to explain to you why it’s the answer, but here it is in terms of factorials.
s(n) = 1 - (n-p)!/(n!(-p)!)
This converges to 1! So the whole world will get covered in ore eventually. Why? Tl;dr: (-p)! is a positive constant close to 1 and smaller factorial over bigger factorial means that fraction will converge to 0.
Converge to 0: a limit to infinity you can use the stirling approximation to get that fraction to (n-p)^(n-p)/n^n * sqrt(1-p/n) * 1/((-p)!e^p). That first factor is less than n^(n-p)/n^n = 1/n^p which converges to 0. The sqrt converges to 1 and the third factor is a constant.
Divergent series vs. Convergent
The Wraiths are hypnotic in the same kind of way that Slinkies going down stairs are.
That's an incredibly apt analogy.
I wonder if Terraria will ever have Slinkies... And if you could send them down stairs.
@@EthyrielY knowing red he'd add slinkies... And make them in to a boulder or trap of some kind
That ball of wraiths is the terraria equivalent of staring into the void and it staring back.
"How do you get any item in the game or break the evil altars infinite amount of times? To answer that question, we need to talk about parallel universes."
I can't believe a Wraith summon has been in the game all along and nobody knew
The first thing I thought was if you could use this for a biome key farm
@@JadeMTF or maybe money farm
I got very scared when I smased like 9 or 10 in 3DS version
i cant believe that so many people actually didnt notice this
I broke a bunch of alters recently and when 5 were coming at me I thought it was just a coincidence because i went underground
Alternative title: How to permanently ruin explosives mining in your terraria world!
(Why can’t hardmode ores be exploded even post moonlord?)
I think that when your pickaxe gets stronger than explosives, the explosives should scale with your pickaxe.
or maybe some hardmode pre-mech/plantera explosives.
@@watermelongaming3698 I would not mind stronger explosives.
Ethy want to see big boom.
@@EthyrielYBRING BACK THE YOLY HAND GRENADE!!!
This beginning of the video just made me think about how the dryad would react to an entire world being corrupted XD
Because the amount of ore each alter generates follows the harmonic series (but for each ore, it actually doesn't change to 1/2 until after the first 3 are broken, then 1/3 until the first 6), which actually diverges to infinity as much as it seems like it won't, you could- assuming the terraria world was infinite- actually generate infinite ore. However, for a reference of how long this will take, let's start at the first demon alter you break and call that 1. In order for your world to have 100 times as much cobalt/palladium ore in it than you would after breaking 1, and breaking the alters at a rate of 1 alter every millisecond, you would need to continue breaking alters for roughly 1,426,002,993,465,483,882,743,766,655,714,962 and a half years. For a reference, the big bang is generally understood to have occurred 13.8 billion years ago. This number is 103,333,550,251,122,020,488,678.5 times bigger than that. Now while I couldn't find exact sizes for each vein of cobalt added, we do know that 250 veins are added at alter 1. If we were to assume that every single one of the 20,160,000 blocks in the terraria large world was replaceable by cobalt/palladium, and none of the other ores were added in-between, we'll throw a random guess out and say the ores generate in vein sizes of about 50 per vein. For 50 per vein, filling up that world would need 403,200 veins, and dividing that by the 250 veins we get from alter 1 yields 1612.8, which is the number our harmonic series needs to pass in order to fill the whole world. But remember, the massive number I calculated earlier ONLY accounts for the harmonic series up to ONE-HUNDRED. So even if this program had been running since the start of the universe over a hundred sextillion times, AND you factored in ALL THREE ores generating instead of just the cobalt, you still would not have generated one full world of ore using demon alters. Chances are far more likely that would game would have lost so much floating point precision in figuring out how much ore to generate that it simply would have rounded down to 0 and not given you anything by this point. Either that or it has a minimum positive value it yields, in which case this may actually reach a full world far faster, but it would still be unreasonably slow.
dude
Someone already filled a world with hardmode ores & they only broke 1,000,000 altars. The video where they did it was even mentioned in this video. That means terraria definitely rounds the number of ore veins up. It also wouldn't make sense to spawn a smaller ore vein, because it would look weird & confuse the player, normally such high precision would never be required, it would probably be harder to code, & if it worked like that, it wouldn't have been possible to fill a world with hardmode ores by only breaking 1,000,000 altars. Assuming each altar spawns 1 vein of 50 ores anywhere in the world, filling the world with hardmode ores would only require breaking 403,200 altars.
@@Mo_Mauve I know, I was simply doing the math under the assumption that computers could and practically DID compute with infinite decimal precision. I figured it was quite likely that they rounded up, and the 50 ore per vein was entirely an assumption for the sake of having a number to calculate with, not a precise count.
Math porn
0:33 I imagine that demon alter was sweating nervously when you placed that campfire down
"Wait wait wait, WAIT WAIT WAIT WAIT"
@@EthyrielY doe sit still work my dude?
Slight correction, the rate this works at is limited by the game's tick rate.
Spot on- I believe it's technically possible to go _faster_ than the game's tickrate with wire, but due to client-server weirdness of MCGO it doesn't work with wire. (If it did I could hypothetically make a 4000Hz Demon Altar spawner.)
But, I _did_ find a glitch that allows for tick-perfect altar spawning, though this video was already nine minutes long at the point I discovered that, so it's getting added to a future project.
@EthyrielY what auto clicker did you use
@@JacobFrancom I use Logitech G-hub, though an Autohotkey script would work just as well.
There's a macroless method to do it tick-perfectly (ergo, faster than autoclicker) that will be featured in two videos or so. It involves a _very_ strange combination of bugs.
@@EthyrielY Hol up, you can bypass the tick rate... Using wire??
@@leakingamps2050 No, wire is also limited by the tick rate. I think.
I think this is the most in-depth description of this glitch I've seen yet thank you
I love the video lagged at 0:15 exactly when he killed the wraiths
Thats just your wifi buddy
I've just started a little bit of my own testing on this and it also works on crimson hearts and shadow orbs which I guess is a good way to get a ton of money particularly if you have an NPC right next to you to sell the stuff to quickly. I'm about to test a few more things like getting hardmode ore pre-hardmode and farming queen bee
still not enough for a full titanuim armor
in pre 1.4.4 worlds, this trick also serves the purpose of corrupting your world!
I actually had no idea that they removed that.
Because I was a masochist and purified my words, I didn't break demon altars to save myself some work.
...this meant I had to fish for all of my hardmode ores. So, this is the opposite, because if you do this enough you run out of sotne.
@@joeswanson1766 the one block is placed randomly in the world and you don't know where it is so its much more of a hassle to clean up
Do demon altars not spread evil anymore?
@@treymathis1189-- Correct, as of 1.4.4, demon altars no longer have a 2/3 chance to convert a random stone block outside of my containment specially placed to eat most of my jungle before I even notice, which means I can stop fishing all of my hardmode ore. Phew.
@@TlalocTemporal low key love fishin ngl
At 226 alters broken, you reach the amount of ore equivalent to breaking the first alter 6 times. (not counting veins that overlap, cause remember, the more ore, the less space can be turned into ore.)
edit: ok, I'm just gonna make a little list, cause otherwise, that is just a single data point, that can be little more than a random fun fact.
Taking the amounts that get closest adding the equivalent of one additional first alter:
1 alter gets as much as a first alter (duh).
4 alters get 208.33% of a first alter.
11 alters: 301.99% of a first.
30: 399.5%
83 500.21%
226 600%
615 699.97%
1673 799.99%
4549 900%
12366 1000%
Very useful!
For reference, with the most recent setups (and no macros), 5,184,000 altars can be broken per-day.
@EthyrielY it took me roughly a minute total to scroll down to 12000 in the Excel sheet, so I'm not gonna go further, but plotting the points I've mentioned on a graph might give something close to the same result. I am not proficient enough in Excel to do that, though, and I don't know if it would work well to make a quick program in python to calculate it, becuase floating point stuff probably isn't presice enough to go that far.
edit: Ok, writing the program will probably take less time than it took to write this message, so I'll just do it. Even if the result probably isn't great.
edit2: I'm back with some numbers produced by the code I wrote.
1:1
4:2.083333
11:3.0198773448773446
31:3.9949871309203906
83:5.002068272680166
227:5.999961
616:6.9996507
1674:7.888999200430668
4550:8.9999882827
12367:9.9999621
33617:10.99998796
91380:12.000003051
248397:13.00000122948
675214:13.99999988104
1835421:14.999999833433106
4989191:16.00000009545252
5184000:16.03830327836495
(I left out some of the decimals on most of the middle ones because I'm writing this on a phone, but the code is on my computer. And writing the decimals I did write took longer than it took to write the code)
edit3: I tried 100 days, my computer and/or python is too slow. I did try cutting out unnecessary parts, but it didn't really make a difference, and I wanna get back to my Calamity playthrough. At somewhere around 50-60 days, it hits 20 times the first alter.
Interesting thing happened in that playhrough. I usually never actually break any alters, but when I killed wof, some tier 1 were distributed in the world (both cobalt and palladium. FTW seed.). I decided to break an alter a bit later on, but no new ores were distibutef in the world.
My current theory is that the thing in the middle of Calamity's astral infection broke an alter, but I don't know why the second alter didn't produce any ores. Possibly just mods not working properly.
edit4: I figured out the hm ore thing. And I wrote a quick program, that prints all of the items a door will produce (in [i:(number)] form) in lines of 50 items, that I can then copy paste to the chat in a Terraria world to see what that door will produce. I haven't quite figured out how to predict the items without transmuting the input door a few times first. it seems to jump 64 whenever it goes from door to item or opposite, but jump 36 in every other situation. I have used this method to look around for calamity items. I even got an undocumented unobtainable item (the starting bag (not to be confused with the starter bag)), and an item that crashes tmodloader when whatever contains it is saved. I have found, but not reached the ids of the 3 other unobtainable Calamity items (I don't have all of the doors, yet). I still haven't found cosmic plushie. meteor door gets that super op pickaxe. I haven't tried that pick (or any of the other stuff) out cause I haven't obtained it legitemately yet. Cryogen master death mode with a yoyo and fast gun is a really enjoyable fight!
Sets of altars, not individual altars.
@@Mo_Mauve What do you mean? And in which edit are you saying I made a mistake?
@@Illogical. The first set of altars generate as many ores as the first set of altars, the first 4 sets of altars generate about twice as many ores as the first set of altars, etc.
Since the amount of ore spawned follows a harmonic series, teachnically an infinite amount of ore will spawn... Just as long as you wait long enough
they should add a hidden scuttlebug enemy that only spawns when bugs like this happen
This is an extremely random and specific reference
Brush your teeth bitch
"oh no! My QPU's are misaligned!"
That wouldn't really work
Hey there my guy. So I tried a bunch of things myself with the invincibility setup and found that,
1. You can use shimmer to permenantly be invincible to everything
2. Enemies seem to target different locations when you try to move, for example walking enemies drop through platforms if you stand on them and press down while in the setup.
Im sure you tried that stuff already but in case you didn't, here you go.
Thanks for reminding me about Shimmer! It works as invulnerability against everything _but_ bosses, since the devs figured people would use it to cheese otherwise.
I'm going to need to look into enemy targeting- I haven't actually looked into that yet! I That sounds interesting, and like it might have some applications for potential boss cheese. Cheers!
So I have a little Update on the mobs moving weird thing, it seems to only work on multiplayer, probably bc the server thinks the player is moving until he is litteraly off screen. However, be aware that the server is still smart enough to only see possible movement, so if you are running into a wall, the server knows and the enemies will target your position on the wall. The best friend to test this on is a ghost or bosses like eye of cthulu.
And another little thing, the bone Helmet and probably also Sporsack work in the setup as well.
@@menegy2982 I wonder if it's possible to trap the parallel universe version of you in a box & then walk away so that you don't have to worry about enemies attacking you.
@@Mo_Mauve unfortunatly the parallel self disappears after a second and when it goes offscreen so no luck there. Also walking away would remove the parallel self anyway, bc the setup is required.
@@menegy2982 A literal second?
I swear this glitch just makes you a god at this point
Now there's finally enough titanium for two pieces of armour!
An interesting thing of note, the math (described at 7:05) implies: lim_(n->∞) sum_1^n (1/x). Which tends toward infinity over time.
The falloff is indeed bad, with ~100 clicks getting you 5x the ore of breaking the first demon altar, and 10,000 clicks only being around ~10x the ore of the first demon altar. But technically speaking, you could turn the entire world into ore with enough time.
This is super funny to me. When you first showed off the CGO, the first thing i did was recreate it. Second thing i did was do this exact thing. I made an automatic wraith farm with my friend. This was 2 months ago.
The ore produced follows the harmonic series, which you'll find has a limit of +Infinity, so yeah in time you can brute force any amount.
Also, watch for rolling rocks.
watch for rolling rocks my beloved
Absolutely inspired some of my glitch hunting.
Thank you SO MUCH for explaining MCGO. I've been trying to recreate it for so long :D
Happy to! There's going to be a few more videos on it since it's such a versatile glitch.
Funny bit of trivia: I discovered MCGO, wasn't recording, had no idea what I did and lost it for about four months, and then re-discovered it. It seems simple in retrospect, just "Campfire Glitch in Multiplayer", but at the time it just didn't occur to me to test that heh
even if this is 9 minutes for monetization purposes that would be just fine, this is quality content
I literally just watched a video on why 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 etc. is infinite, so you can get infinite ore from this.
Man that ball of wraiths looks like a 3d object when it turns
It's weirdly hypnotic to look at.
Corruption and crimson after running this glitch for 5 minutes;
Wdym
@@julienbronsch5039 each time you destroy an altar. Alongside new ores being spread, random evil blocks are also placed in the world. So when you break this many altars. If you don't purify your world it'll be 100% corrupt in probably a few hours.
@@Quidneythis was removed a long time ago
@@william_.575 Looked it up, it says "removed 1.4.4, september 2022." My comment is from summer of 2023. I think after being in the game since 1.1 (2011), it must have not caught my attention while reading the patch notes.
I find how absolutely broken the campfire glitch is fascinating.
He explained the glitch so much better than in other videos
The corruption after the glitch: MUGAHAHAH I am EVERYWHERE
Finally, hardmode mining has been made effortless and painless, if you are patient enough
7:15 I’d like to add that the reason you *can* turn all the stone into ore is because the infinite sum 1+1/2+1/3+…=inifinity, meaning that given time (though probably a large amount of time) you could still get the whole world.
There's a new method that is several-hundred times faster than the method used in this video, which can saturate ~99.9% of the world with ore in less than 10- minutes, via being able to use wire (and therefore arbitrarily fast timers for activation)
It really is just a numbers game!
Bro even invented infinite money
Something about hardmode ores are so satisfying to see a lot of underground
How many more bugs are going to be associated with this damn thing??
Yes
Definitely
I did this, before I realized it was a year old, I did it, and got a floating bast statue.
yeah
I found a setup where you use a shadow or crimson orb instead of altar for infinite orb drops too. if you try this with crates of any kind (must be MCGO) it will duplicate them
The shadow orbs is the topic of a future video, alongside Queen Bee spawns. (It also works with Plantera.)
Had no idea about the crates! It works with alot of furniture for duping, as far as I know, but be wary because it can also cause spectacular crashes on many others too.
This gives me a new challenge run idea: how far can you progress before hardmode?
BRO IS A BOYKISSER AND A RIVULET (aka. ruffus or smthg like that), IS PERFECT
hardmode ore does not spawn before hardmode even with this set-up
I hope terraria doesn’t remove non game breaking bugs like this as I’m pretty sure almost %70 of terraria players have already beat the game more than once
Well, they left hoiks in the game intentionally, so I'd say we have a decent chance of keeping the power of statue-based alchemy.
I fucking love how he just opens and closes the door a few times, breaks a terra blade (?) and ends the video
There needs to be more technical terraria on youtube
Ok I've done some more testing. It's possible to see two unobtainable items, (not get them), get a terraprisma, a shell phone, a few dev set pieces, paladins hammer, shroomite breast plate, the architect gizmo pack, moonlord spawner, etc. Very interesting.
Also I do want to note after you get to the shell phone, anything after is non-existent and if you try to grab it it will disappear. Although I didn't not go very far after.
If switch the light on instead of off when the door is open you can regress through the list to go back to an item if you wish
@@Nesrak there's a speadsheet on how to get every item somewhere, I think it might be in icysnowman's description on their video
Here's a link to the spreadsheet with what door you need to get a given item: docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zLsNgfk6ZM8ZgbE_7mnKg5TimjjisQwM3j29g7ga2uE/edit?usp=sharing
(You can use CGO to use a wooden door for everything but that method is a bit more complex, and is getting its own video. Stay tuned for that!)
9:43 that just gave me an idea
terraria any%
Im playing through calamity and im definitely going to repurpose one of those laboratories for these machines
The Zenith, an OP endgame culmination of an entire playthrough.
Me: Funny cat statue and bonfire go BRRRR
I did it wrong and now I have infinite bast statues and campfires. Cool.
So "Hypothetically" you could do this in pre-hard mode and "Hypothetically" get all the yummies before the wall
Worth noting that, theoretically, if you broke the altar infinitely, you would eventually fill the entire world. As long as only stone is looked at for replacing, it will eventually replace all the stone in the world with ore. Simply because, mathematically, adding up the reciprocals of all the natural numbers, as described in the video, diverges to infinity.
Granted this hinges on the ore blessing not being able to fail to generate and not being able to replace its own ores…
There’s a newer setup which can get really close to this limit, by breaking demon altars a few thousand times faster. The game does not like this (~5 seconds / frame), but it doesn’t crash surprisingly.
Finally, i don’t have to stay in the underground like a mole for adamatite or titanium
Wait, does this mean you can get HM Ores in PreHM?
Will be the same result as if you come to a new world and destroy the altars by pwnhammer or better hammer
@@kirsertu no, doing that makes you take damage I'm pretty sure
ah yes, one time I had a lot of Demon Altars via Tedit and the underground was just ores.
This is crazy!
Side note. Whenever i hear you say parallel universe in these vids, all I can think of is the Red Hot Chili Peppers song by the same name.
I never noticed wraiths were demons with player looking textures, even wearing armor, I thought they were just blobs with red eyes
...huh, I guess they are.
Well I'll be.
all this, AND THEN bro just casually gets a fricken TERABLADE!?
Mmmm yes the well known wraith statue
hey i think your world has been blessed with titanium mythril and cobalt💀
thanks for the notification, I had no idea that my world has been blessed with titanium mythril and cobalt
Well, no. The amount of ore generated is modified by the equation Amount*(1/X) where X is the number of times ore of that type has previously been generated(always starts at 1) after you've broken one. So (1/1) then (1/2) then (1/3), etc. Make a graphing calculator plot (1/X) and what you'll see is that as X approaches infinity, (1/X) approaches 0. Since this is a videogame and not theoretical math, there is some number of demon altars that will eventually stop producing ores entirely, a hard cap. I would assume that after the 300th altar (1/100) very few ores were being generated, likely less than 10 total blocks every time, and after the 3000th (1/1000) altar nothing was probably being generated at all.
At this point I am not even surprised if this campfire glitch somehow causes even more useful/insane glitches to appear
This might be a really good way to farm for fast clocks
Ethyriel is like the Terraria god we needed
we are in the age when people call client and server sides "parallel universes"
The wraith maker 3000
i dont rly get y the wraiths spawn, could u explain?
I like how the instructions feel like prohibation era recipes
I didn't even know that wraiths made noise if you didn't hurt them
BRO YOU'R A GENİUS
from an item that can heal you into an all powerful infinite generator of strong minerals
I just love seeing how broken this game can be
A small thing to note is that on console, the setup will require you to do some steps and your friend to do some of the others
Edit: this info is correct on 1.4.4.9. I have yet to do testing on 1.4.4.9.4
Which steps
Seems Edward finally went outside looking at his last upload's date
ngl i thought this was just gonna be a quiet shitpost where you held it for a while and then moved on
but i actually really love how you explain things, somehow it just clicks really well in my autistic ass head and your style of content in general is great
Bro, it’s going to have his entire stone disappeared
Cant wait to rush these items and get a terrablade early to baffle my friends
Ah so the number of ores added is specifically that series where it doesn't look like it should diverge to infinity but it does. Good to know
I've since found an altar-breaking method that gets really damn close to the theoretical limit, and can actually get quite close to a "100%-filled-with-ore" world in ~20 minutes, while AFK.
...Doing the math to reverse-engineer how many altars are actually being broken would be interesting.
Lol, its been a while. I was pretty sure on seeing the username that it was Yjay, and looking at your video history proved it. Then this showed up in my recommended feed.
Nice video as well, a very nice glitch showcase :)
Long time no see! That's a name I'd recognize anywhere.
Ahhh, the days of rail-sprinter mechs. (Man do I miss RC sometimes...)
Hope you've been well in these intervening years- The internet really can be a remarkably small place sometimes!
@@EthyrielY yeah, I find myself missing RC as well at times. They're developing RC 2, but I don't have super high hopes given where the first one went.
I've been well, but for the time being video games have taken a bit of a side role. Although I did recently do my first Terraria Master Mode playthrough with a friend, that was a lot of fun. I kinda want to make a video with the stream footage, but I've been putting it off because it's a LOT of footage.
Fargo's mutant mod casually crafting demon altars that way we can still do the glitch when switching to singleplayer
I'll need to give this a go when I eventually do some shenanigans with mods
Finally, I can get infinite ores without fishing (I hate fishing)
Imagine doing this in pre-1.4.4
The EEEVIL
Wow, this video is very informative. Good job with making it.
Thanks a bunch- Glad to hear you liked it^^!
@@EthyrielY I've been watching a bunch of your videos and enjoying them, they're interesting
this guy should work for relogic as their bug finder
So are we ever going to get a full technical explanation of *why* this big works the way it does and why it needs to be set up in such a specific way?
it's still a work in progress docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/1-iQtY-I_fE6eOxAd5bs9QAx6fEqvGyh87jachsDItOk/mobilebasic
Coming later this week in video form! The doc is getting super-ceded purely because it was out of date before I got even remotely close to finishing it.
(I want to make sure I get explanations for current setups out before things get patched.)
@@EthyrielY looking forward to it! I always enjoy the why more than the how with glitches like these, like that hour and a half long introduction to portal's FCPS-abuse strats was awesome, but I still haven't the foggiest how you would use it lmao
8:41 TERRA DOOORRR
silliness, goofiness even
this is also useful for coins if you ask me
Just do a crystal shard dupe if you need money
bro your corruption is gonna be spreading faster then that one flash meme
Nope.
1.4.4 removed corruption spread through altars
0:14 thats only a couple of wraiths. Completely normal
“Your world is now entirely cobalt!”
This reminds me of old minecraft building tutorials
Definitely some inspiration there!
I don’t even play terraria but I love this glitch anyway :D
This glitch probably has way more applications that have not yet been discovered. I really hope the developers just leave this glitch alone, as it’s just fun to mess around with.
I remember waffletime once said "we smash some altars and apparently enter wraith hell"