What is a Paradigm? (3 Minute Explainer)

A paradigm is a framework or model that shapes how individuals or groups understand and interpret the world. It represents a set of beliefs, values, methods, and assumptions that guide thinking and practice in a particular field or context. For example, in science, a paradigm might refer to the dominant theory or methodology that shapes research and inquiry, such as Newtonian physics before the advent of Einstein's theory of relativity. Paradigms provide a structured way of viewing and solving problems, offering consistency and direction.
However, paradigms are not static; they can shift when new discoveries or perspectives challenge existing frameworks, leading to what philosopher Thomas Kuhn famously described as a "paradigm shift." These shifts mark significant changes in understanding, such as the transition from geocentric to heliocentric models of the solar system. Outside of science, paradigms are used in fields like education, business, and psychology to describe prevailing trends or approaches. Recognizing paradigms and their influence helps in understanding how knowledge evolves and adapting to new ways of thinking.