Not gonna lie, I'm a little disappointed the burger didn't hinge open with a gaping maw full of sharp teeth while Bob reels in horror when it became "burgers ate Bob."
He also completly broke my ears when pronouncing the Spanish word _comí_. The stress goes on "-mí", not on "co-" (like the difference between _a process_ and _to process_). He said ['kho.mi] instead of [ko.'mi] (if you don't understand this, search for IPA). So yeah, you are not the only one dissapointed here xd.
I tried to learn Mandarin when I was in highschool, I can attest that it's quite challenging for an English speaker to master the pronunciation... in particular, Mandarin has sounds that don't exist in English, like ɤ, ɥ, and ɻ/ʐ , and the tones can be difficult to produce in any way that sounds natural. I used to criticize bad German on UA-cam, but really, it isn't fair to expect someone who isn't actively learning the language to get the pronunciation perfect for a single sample sentence.
From your channel, we know how to design a solar system, how to design a calendar, and how to design a language. But there is still a few bits missing. How do we design land masses on planet? How to we design the dominant species that lives on the planet? How do we design their cities, vehicles, and other things?
i'd really like to see a piece of fiction set in a civilisation of a decidedly non-human (but naturally evolved) species. perhaps inspired by arthropods or cephalopods. (reptiles would be too close, mushrooms too remotely related, i guess..)
That's essentially what I'm doing with my own sci-fi series. (Though my aliens may be too mammalian for your taste.) A good hard sci-fi galatic empire type series with some well done arthropod like aliens (the "Naxids") is Walter John Williams' Dread Empire Falls trilogy.
One conlang that I am making (Though it's currently on hiatus) is polysynthetic-agglutinative (I think). It has rough, flowing sounds and a ridiculously small amount of base words. These are both for literary reasons. Namely, I want the language to sound rough and frightening, and for the structure to seem simple. The low base word count is pretty interesting because it makes me get creative with new words. For instance, there are no words for different colors. The word for 'color' is the same as 'see'/'look' and the word for any given color is a descriptive word followed by the word for 'color'. So 'red' is 'blood-color' -> 'blood-see'. An interesting example where my lack of base words really shows through is 'blue', which is 'not-down-see'. 'Sky' is the same word as 'up' but I don't have a word for 'up', so 'up' is actually 'not-down'. So, 'blue' -> 'sky-color' -> 'sky-see' -> 'up-see' -> 'not-down-see'.
Mateus Mundstock it’s already in a doc, though I am still working on some of the changes to the language. docs.google.com/document/d/1ikXuEIUO44DobnoervqKF3_374wQtqSdknh4yoY9kuY
As a musician, I was frustrated with the limitations of language to be euphonic. When writing lyrics, I would always try to leave out certain words because they contained too many hard (plosive) sounds. Sometimes it's hard to find words that mean the same thing but don't have hard sounds (unless you use words from different languages in the same sentence, which is extremely confusing). So, I decided to create my own language that would meet what I needed. This sparked a huge interest in linguistics within me. Within two days I was obsessing over Chonsky and generative grammar, verb tenses, writing systems, &c., and that's actually what introduced me to this channel. Anyways, my language (don't have a name for it) contains only sonorous consonants and light fricatives, and I took some liberties to stray away from the English grammar and instead go with what made most sense to me. (Of course, a lot of bits are the same as English, probably because I've been speaking it my whole life, and my thoughts have adapted to that.) but, for example, when thinking of word order, I went through different sentences and thought about what I would think of first. For me, SOV made the most since (I thought of who did it first, then who they did the thing to, then what they did. I also place adjectives after the nouns, like in Spanish, because that makes more sense to me. The defining characteristic of a brown dog is that it is a dog, not that it is brown. So I put the more important words first. The writing system is alphasyllabic, with vowels being marked as diacritics, although the diacritics look a bit like the letters, just oriented differently. They're about the same size. I don't have vowel killers or consonant killers, each consonant is just a consonant, and a lone vowel is attached to one of two "filler" symbols, depending on whether the vowel is part of the previous syllable (or if there isn't a previous syllable).
French is not really fusional, it actually is in the process of shifting to isolating. We have recently lost the "passé simple" (replaced by the composed past made of an auxiliary), the subjunctive mood, and some people have even stopped using conditional mood. Besides verbs, there are no other word class which inflects greatly (most nouns do not distinguish singular from plural, and many adjectives do not distinguish plural and masculine-feminine agreement aside from writing French). That transition from highly fusional (Latin) to analytic (modern French) is almost completely done.
+Julien TSP C'est vrai que derrière "il faut que" ou "j'aimerais que", on l'utilise toujours mais c'est néanmoins un usage archaïque car à l'origine en Latin (comme en Allemand aujourd'hui) le subjonctif n'était pas exclusif à des propositions subordonnés mais indiqué une nuance de sens plutôt que simplement confirmer la subjectivité induite par le verbe en proposition principale ("j'aimerais que tu sois", le "sois" sert plus à rien car on sait déjà que le "j'aimerais" implique une réalité fictive). Dans beaucoup de cas où l'usage de subjonctif ne paraît "pas français", on utilise des propositions infinitives ("je t'interdis d'être" plutôt que"j'interdis que"). De plus derrière des locutions verbales comme "jusqu'à ce que", on ne l'utilise plus dans la plupart des régions de France. Son usage est donc plus archaïque qu'autre chose. EN: It's true that after "il faut que" (~it must be that~SBJ must...) or "j'aimerais que" (I would like), we still use it but it is an archaic usage. In Latin (as with German nowadays), subjonctive was not exclusive to subordinate clauses but used to indicate a nuance in meaning rather than simply confirming that a verb inducts a fictuous reality by the verb in the main clause ("j'aimerais que tu sois", the "sois" is useless as we know that "j'aimerais" inducts a fictuous reality). In most cases where not using the subjonctive mood seems "not French", we use infinitive clauses ("I forbid you to" rather than "I forbid that you"). Also, after verbal locutions like "jusqu'à ce que" (until ...), we do not use it in most regions of France. The use of subjonctive is more archaic than anything.
+Julien TSP The only non-analytic part of French is its verbs and it is currently in the process of losing inflection. Besides what I mentionned, 1st and 3rd singular person are almost never differenciated by the verb inflection, often the 2nd singular and 3rd plural also take the same form as the 1st and 3rd singular. The 1st plural and the 2nd plural are always clearly differenciated, but the 1st plural is often replaced by "on" which takes the same form as the 3rd singular person. The inflection of tenses is also ambiguous ("je mangerai", "je mangerais": pronounced the same but two different tenses). That's why French is (one of) the only Romance languages to have mandatory pronouns because verb inflection isn't enough.
It's good to give the ol' St. George's Cross flying now and again! I'm not fussed about bods using the Union Flag instead, though the English flag is better - it's when norberts from the States use the US flag for English that really riles me. It'd be like using the flag of Patagonia for Welsh, or something. =Þ
@@LunizIsGlacey I dinna think enya ken the shir moun' o' dialecs we ha' o'er ere in Bligh'y. Tha poor fo'eign pe's winna stan unner eny o' us. We win by righ o' diversity.
Artifexian Also, the difference between "b" and "p" is not not between voicing(?), but between aspiration. So, spin would be transcribed as "sbin", while the word Bharat, from Sanskrit, would be "parat". (according to my Mandarin proffesor, blame her if I'm not right :P)
Cases and case endings are stupid. That is why latin died and the romance languages don't have cases. I still don't know how greek survived though, but cases are still stupid say what you mean don't say the root of a word with some gibberish tagged on to the end to say something else unless you are adding prefixes and/or suffixes. plus no one wants to learn languages like that anyways and if they do i'm sure they hate themselves for not researching the language before hand to see how stupid it is. These languages are good for making it really hard for people to discipher what you are saying though, or you could just make an alphabet that is really unique that no one understands.
@@The_name105 do you knpw how cases evolve? Because it's really useful,instead of having 2 or three words to make peoples understand what you mean you have one ending,it's more compacted. Plus ad Hominem attack is not an argument ;)
@@preacherofmusic We start on the beginning of -ber months (Sept. 1) and begin Christmas countdown on Sept. 16 (100 days before Christmas). The season lasts until Three Kings Day (Jan. 6) of next year when we remove all our Christmas decor.
I’ve actually been using these to create a crude Etruscan script. It’s been very useful, and a DnD character I made, Hercna Amria, speaks solely in this ‘pseudo-conlang’ I made...
I know why most languages are agglutinative (and nearly all languages have some kind of agglutination somewhere: even highly fusional languages like Greek and Valyrian). Agglutination is both intuitive and fun. Even baby humans understand the concept of sticking two separate things together to create a new thing. They also find doing so endlessly entertaining (and, if we're honest, we never really grow out of that). Why does everyone like Quenya so much? because it sounds epic, yet satisfies your inner two year old.
-"[oligosynthetic languages] would have very few morphemes, say a hundred or so" -Oh it's like in toki pona... -"Think newspeak and you're kind of in the right ballpark" -Fuck
Thanks so much for adding oligosynthetic languages! I have been working on them for some years, but they turn out to become complex (polysynthetic-ish) too in the end.
Megszentségteleníthetetlenségeskedéseitekért... Analize that... yes, that is a legit word, even if it never, ever gets used even in really overdone text.
It appears to be Hungarian. According to a quick Google search I just did, it means “for your [plural] continued behaviour as if you could not be desecrated”
Iurie Pripa Also, "Elkelkáposztásítottalanítottátok", which basically means something like "You(plural) de-kale-d it" in a really roundabout way(Kale as in the vegetable)
Artifexian: * mentions morophemes * Me: hey we just had that in uni :D thanks for helping me revise that subject. It was super helpful and very competently explained 😄
This is great. Your videos have been making me a better conlanger since you first started making them on this channel. Thanks for being awesome. Hopefully my conlangs can live up to whatever you make.
Hi! Amelie here. I'm actually working on 2 conlangs called Yindaunese ((or Yin for short)) and Euptian. A bit of overview: Yin is an isolating language which the ratio of words to morphemes is low, and does not use inflection to indicate grammatical features. Rather it uses particles, adverbs, word order or is deduced to context. Euptian is a fusional language which a word is inflected with an inflectional morpheme, displaying a myriad of grammatical features.
It would be interesting if you did a video on how modern codification / recorded media affects how languages change over time. For instance, it seems like it would be very hard for there to be any significant changes in the grammar of a language now that there's so much recorded video media and such strict spelling / grammar guidelines.
Creating languages is one of the funniest things to do when bored. I do have my own called Segehii. Have an example :D "aer don shai kaekaldos" (may his/her holy light (refering to god) stay within you, a formal farewell) aer - may don - possessive 3rd p singular shai - holy light or the light of truth kaekal - verb in root-form -dos - possessive 1st p singular The structure of this phrase doesn't differ a lot from English but that's not always the case. Hope you liked it :D
mine main conlang is valendhirdven, it got pretty complex over time, with some complex grammar and thousands of words. It's mainly agglutinative out of the video's types. I'm curringly making songs on it
Ka’ mohlah ga’t xahrix ae yahaiR (May) His holy light stay within you Ka’ - original form (Kai) get rid of i so it sounds better; His, he, him Mohlah - holy, spiritual-related ga’t - original form (gait): light xahrix - to stay Ae - in, within, inside, internal yahaiR - you, your, My conlang is called Yarinox. It’s no where near finished, but there are alphabets and the writing system, I think, is very cool.
Suwamal 'agasaf ni'ab Su : prefix indicating a wish or a conditional Wamal : to be, to exist 'ag : he/she -a- : genitive particle (like the 's in English) Saf : light ni : prefix indicating a place 'ab : you. "May his light be within you" Barajan is still at an early state of development. The apostrophe serves the same role as in Hawaiian, being a glottal stop that is treated as a consonant. It's a mostly agglutinative language inspired from Arabic for the sentence structure and sounds. I'll definitely work on it more in the future :)
jesus, bro, your production values are through the roof. besides containing some solid basic conlanging foundation, this is visually and structurally tight. kudos
My Conlang is mostly agglutinitive nouns and fusional verbs, somewhere between synth and polysynth. I recently actually started using the language in a project of mine, so I wanted to thank you for all the useful info you've been providing
As I may have mentioned before, I have been working on a set of conlangs for my fantasy world, but lost the notes, sadly, but I remember much of it by heart. My Elven language was written similar to LOTR elven, being an abjad, but had a leaf and vine style of writing that didn't look like Quenya. It contained, so far, a large set of words and grammatical rules that allowed for words to be altered to say the same sentence, with new meaning. Such as "Welcome to my home" Could be made to sound like you are greeting a friend "Kotuu Rewasya ri'lorwyr" or as if you are reluctantly allowing someone of distaste in "Kotau Rewasok ri'lorwyr". My Dwarven was basically a new version of Norse runes with the grammer of Gaelic, allowing for a lot of interesting writting and speech. They spoke there directly, as the previous sentence would directly be "Greeting - Subject - Home - Possessive - Personal" Lastly, I worked on an orcish that was based off Hangul, written vertically. Nothing more beyond that. I had planned next a few other minor races languages, as well as the language of the divines. That's all I had done... but it is lost for now...
I'm working on a language that is highly analytic, evolving into this from it's early 'writing' system of naval flags. As you can't inflect a flag, the writing system moved it away from morphology and inflection. It is non-tonal, but has three vowel lengths (and the matter, as Ri is fingernail and Riii is breast). They now have a logo-syllabary based off of these flags, and still hold to no morphology, but have a huge aresnal of modals, auxiliaries, and particles to convey meaning. Phonology is Irish with weird phonotactics, and syntax is completely head initial. A vrry straightforward people put what is important first.
Great video man! I have always been interested in linguistics and your channel is one of the best for it! I am trying to create my own language and your videos have helped me do so.
Spanish worldbuilder here, awesome video (as always) and I hope for more. I just want to make a quick remark: the pronunciation of "comí" is /ko-mee/, with special emphasis on the "mee", and not /koh-mee/, with an aspirated sound in the middle. But I understand our language is dificult sometimes so I have no problem at all with the mispronunciation, just wanted to collaborate as much as possible ^^
Fabulous ❤️ I actually understood this video. I'm needing to make a posteriori conlang from Sumerian and then evolve the language to create several other conlang from it and I've been completely lost, but I actually understood this so thank you!
Ahhhhhhh Inuktitut! I'm attempting to build a conlang based on the language since my character's background is heavily based on Inuit culture but, as expected, it's not going well... So I've just taken random words (according to what I need said in dialogue), put dashes in between them, and call it a day. I don't think I have capability of learning such an extensive language, but I'd love to.
4:45 Correction! Preterite tense. Spanish has 2 past tenses. One is used for a completed action in a specific time in the past. That is preterite. The other is imperfect, which talks of an action being repeated over and over again or uncompleted.
KainusGulch A mixture of multiple languages but a less intelligectual version than if all the languages mix after a great human futuristic global civilization. Plus, consider the postapocolyptic cultural meaning of words and current cultural meanings.
Thanks. I was thinking a tribal atmosphere so I've been thinking about how neighboring languages have similarities but also differences, but also keep a semblance of English for the part that is in America so it connects with the reader perhaps? I'm still thinking about it all. And note taking. Thanks.
Could you provide some more context? If your civilization has lots of people from different origins forced together for whatever reason you might want to read a bit about Creole languages. If your society is very tribal and people have lost the ability to easily communicate and travel over long distances due to an apocalyptic event, like you described, you might also want to avoid using one standard langue. It seems likely to me each tribe would have their own dialect and a sort of dialectal continuum would emerge between different tribes.
I wanted to cut off the continents from each other, so the other languages mixing with english would come manly from mexico and canada and from immigrants that came over before the infrastructure fell apart. There's a group that keeps themselves educated by stealing all the artifacts of what we would call modern day, and they i figured would have the closest recognizable speech. But for the people that are a bit ghoulish and mutated beings I'm not sure how to modify the language, but I think some thing that involves tones or clicks might make abnormal throats and mouths easier to communicate with. Does that make sense?
For one thing, if this language is based on English for example, keep in mind the amount that English has changed over the last thousand years- quite a lot, but it was still somewhat recognizable, so this language a thousand years from now might be similarly comprehensible. Same goes for any other language, check out the rate they've been changing at.
I usually make agglutinative conlangs, because I like the intricate implied meanings of using some affixes but not others. The one I'm working now has attempted labiodental plosive and is intended to encourage thorough thought about what one says before one says it.
I don't really world build, or language build, but I use it for analysing worls other people have made, and these videos on your channel have definatily helped me be better at spotting these flaws, or in a rare few cases hints at a more detailed world building behind the scenes.
This is super cool! The language I've been putting most of my effort into is synthetic agglutinative. I didn't actually realize most of the world's languages are agglutinative. I just did it because I liked how the system felt. It's awesome to learn that there are legitimate terms and real-world examples of things I've been throwing in because I thought they were fun.
I once had a Mandela effect where I watched this,tried to show burgers eating Bob to my friend,and was immensely disappointed when that didn't happen . I spent the next 2 hours scrubbing through the video to find it.😢
A while ago me and a couple of friends made a theoretical one called 'Bro'. IIt's not very fleshed out, but just to say 'sister' would be 'bro nobro' because we kept our morpheme count as small as possible.It's quite a fun little practice
I am in the process of writing a book (which is hard enough by itself😂), and I recently decided to throw in a conlang for my people because why not😂😂 Your videos have been very helpful to me because I had no idea how much planning went into making languages. Please keep making these kinds of videos, they really help!
I've got a question Artifexian. Are you go in depth and talk about grammar and the different ways that countries organize their sentences or how do verbs work in again, differnt languages.
I usually ɡive my conlanɡs a lot of affliction and conjuɡations as I am a huɡe latin fan thouɡh recently I've started playinɡ around with heavily derivated lanɡs! This has led to some monsterous words like: witunaimarɛnɛi (i.e. the only animal is currently preforminɡ the body action associated with «nam» as an indirect object) and ɪtɪnʊnaimɛno (the small animal associated with «nam» as a sinɡular, subject noun, in the context of memory)! Lovinɡ your content btw!
Thanks for the vid! It helps me on my process to create words for different languages I'm creating (not sure if I'll ever make grammar rules since I'd have to do them for all languages...). Also, how funny that whenever you start pronunciating stuff from not your first language, there's always the risk to butcher it. I don't know a single word in Mandarin, but I could tell there was no chinese accent there. The point of Spanish "comí" is that the "I" has an accent, a signal that it's pronounced (ko-MEE), not (KO-mee). If it had followed the former sound, it would've been written "comi", or "cómi", although the last one's not even Spanish. Despite this nitpick, the rest of the vid was informative, interesting and very enjoyable :)
I remember trying to make an Oligosynthetic language that was actually useful. I had around ~60 morphemes and could actually express a lot of basic ideas (including some in one nice compact word that took multiple sentences in English), but symbols got quite complex, especially because each word was a 2-dimensional arrangement of symbols for morpheme monosyllables. I remember for fun creating a word that was more or less a giant jigsaw puzzle and had around 40 morphemes in it, some of which were repeated.
ive been making a language to show just how "other" a different species is, but they're other because they actually fucking care for each other and im trying to make the language reflect that. I call it Ikin, a lazy modification of the species name, Iknir. i dont have much of the grammar down yet, but i do have the colors. They have many names for warmer colors, and not much for cooler. They're culture is based around life and fire, and thats reflected in the fact they have no words for blue and purple, they're just various kinds of white. Blue is "dark-white", purple is "sky-white"(the sky is lavender during the day).
It's always fun to work on languages, the most recent one I've been working on is a pseudo-north germanic language. "ᚦᛊ 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌻 𐍃ᛏ𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍂 ᚺ𐌵𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍂" or "Þé karl stígar hundír" or "the man walked the dog with Þé being the definite article Karl of course meaning man Stígar, meaning walk (stíg) with the past tense suffix "-ar" And hundír (with the -ír suffix indicating a single dog)
A lot of my conlangs have been more on the polysynthetic side, but I want to try that oligosynthetic type. It sounds really cool, and I hope some real world languages could exist like so.
I'm creating my r'oyya language which is polysynthetic like the word qafalkalakhantiveronialesesiganbungaessa which means i spoke to the handsome kalakhan of veronia [i'm standing to explain it] r'oyya is a human language created for B'TX and is preety complicated and what makes it quite polysynthetic is that it does'nt have adjectives ,it uses some classifiers which give situations for ambiguity . R'oyya has an easy part too,it lacks the words for plant,science,flower, or other collective nouns ,why coin stupid extra terms that i don't even need when i can just specify it through something else. Most r'oyya verbs are derived from nouns because i can use the suffix nga to make a two morpheme verb and plus you can combine morphemes into a single long word with several pieces of meaning. i'm nine years old and i am a romanian nerd.
Angelicaaaaa ( all the way from London? Damn) Somone who understands what im here to do Im not here for you I know my sister like i know my own mind you will never find anyone as trusting or as kind Put what we had aside, im standing at her side, god i hope youre satisfied
Sentence order is one of the things I love about German. German inflects its Verbs really specifically depending on who’s verb-ing (I, you, he/she/it/one, we, pl. you, they, formal you), as well as using different cases to show subject, object, etc. so sentence structure is really flexible. For instance, „der Hund beißt mich,“ meaning, “the dog bites me.” The infinitive verb beißen becomes beißt to show third person, as opposed to saying “ich beiße...” which would show first person. Plus, “me” being the object of the dog’s biting puts “me” in the accusative case, so „ich“ becomes „mich.“ You could say „mich beißt der Hund,“ and it would still technically be correct as long as you keep your cases and verb endings the same. On the other hand switching “me” into nominative and “the dog” into accusative and conjugating beißen for first person, you’d get „ich beiße den Hund,“ “I bite the dog,” which is still correct as „den Hund beiße ich.“
My first and current conlanging project is polysynthetic. It's called "Pwódga" (or "horse runes") and is inspired heavily by the Dené-Yeniseian languages.
This video is amazing! Thank you for your explanation. I'm making an oligosynthetic language, but still making it suitable as an art form by having several different dialects to convey different tones.
Now I want to see a proof of concept oligosynthetic language. Granted, I should probably finish my programming language before starting work on a human-ish language.
A custom one that resembles Haskell, but is low level like C. Currently its equivalent to C, but I have plans to implement either linear or unique types to provide memory safety.
Thanks, this really helped me understand the concepts you expressed. I do think it would be good to talk about other "categories" of conlangs, such as a piori or posteriori and auxialiary vs artistic. Although now that I said that, I remember that being talked about in your and Xidnaf's collaboration videos.
I've made two fundamental conlangs, these are split in an evolution from 2012 to 2017. Domian 2012: German Voc with englisch grammatic. Domian 2013: German and English Voc, but every time the shortest word. Domian 2014: Domian 2013, but Spanish conjugation. Alelandos 2015-17: Development of a mixture of German, English and Spanish vocab. (shortest words)
So I came up with a 2 dimensional gender suffix structure... And another 2d prefix setup. This video is good for calling attention to methods and habits.... I'll definitely get there soon! Already got like 6 roots and 20 combinations (is there a way to get a summary of English roots and basic pairings so I can pan through them?)
Two dimensional gender? What SJW bullshit is this? (Jk let your fiction have a fuckin gender square gender cube whatever fuck it i don't care it's fiction have fun)
lol. i actually act with a kind of "avoiding but polite" method in english, but my language has a more advanced tactic: there are four base genders (this is inspired from an ausie language Edible, Female, "Male", and Objects. then the second half of the "gender" is whether it is a verb (acting with the object, like 'to ice'), an object (like ice itself, or a pizza), and a premonition/future tense (like planning on doing something, or wanting a pizza) Male being simply a human which is not female, as the culture is (naturally) fertility centric, you either can or you cannot eventually make a baby. hence the 2d gender structure. what are trans peoples? what are nonbinaries? they are either objects, or men. this is assuming that they even use different pronouns, since "female" and "male" are not defined as man and woman, but as having a functional womb, or not.
so i found something that has /most/ of what i was looking for, turns out when i asked you actually i'd forgotten something i found months ago. just remembered! wold.clld.org/vocabulary/11
im currently creating phonology for a conlang that I'll try to have both agglutinative and fusional, because I'm a french native and I live in Türkiye, and I've learned english since I'm a child. All these 3 languages have really cool grammatical features and I want to blend them into a neat conlang ahah! Makes me review 3 grammars at once to choose what is the best I can come with and it will be a long process.
1 and 0 are not the only possible morphemes 0 = open circuit 1 = closed circuit If you make anything that holds more meaning than that then you are making a new morpheme
The description of oligosynthetic languages is how I visualize Entish from Tolkien's LoTR. They take a long time to say anything in their own language, so they're probably having to string together lots of morphemes to get across any single idea, and when they speak in English, they're descriptive, using a small number of objects as reference points to direct you to what they want to refer to. The big difference is that Tolkien described the language as having lots of vowels and tones to boot, so likely lots of morphemes.
I'd guess most people here are English speakers and many will have some knowledge of another major European language (French, Spanish, German… ) so agglutinativity seems more interesting and different.
i'm making a conlang that treats nouns/prepositions polysynthetic-agglutinatively, and its verbs synthetic-fusionally. it isn't anywhere close to done but the main structures are fleshed out at this point
I created Qinda-Maary, or l'awzsian. It is a language that based on the Semitic Family (and a little bit of English and Spanish). With that, I created a world for those speakers, and a mythology about the history of them, plus a story about how the language created (clue: by Qinda and mary). Also I am working on a new language that will be easy to learn and I call it "PIDGIN HESAJON" for now. Actually, I am in a binge of this channel and I have to go on so bye... Oh , do you pin comments?
The first language I tried to make was like a step beyond Oligosynthetic Agglutinative. There were 6 morphemes that combined into concepts that combined into more concepts that combined into words that combined into sentences which were considered a single statement. They were also used to represent numbers, colours, directions, etc. and combinations codes to tell you what they're representing. This was a complete nightmare so I gave up and it became canonically a kind of decorative scribble used to convey basic concepts.
To simplify, say "ch" and "ui" st the same time. Still a bad simplification, but it's as close as I can write it in english without more mandarin words
Just a heads up, since it wasn't mentioned in the video: the main driving force behind the change of morphological typology of a language (whether it's mainly analytic/agglutinating/fusional) is sound change. Generally sound change over a long period tends towards dropping and combining sounds, so a fusional language's fusional suffixes will gradually become more and more compact until they're very short or dropped entirely. As the various meanings are no longer encoded in one handy morpheme, analytical elements must be introduced to add more meaning/context. We can see this in the transition from Latin to modern Romance languages. Case endings were lost entirely, and analytic features such as mandatory articles and clitics came to be used (of course these aren't perfectly analytics - Romance articles are fusional in that they encode plurality and gender together). These analytic forms often start off as paraphrases that get slowly grammaticalised. E.g. French negation 'ne pas' comes from a system where different negators were used after the noun, e.g. "I haven't eaten a crumb/walked a step" ('pas' coming from step). Eventually 'pas' came to be used for all of them and became a mandatory part of French negation (though now it is being lost again!). As these processes of grammaticalisation go on, the morphemes can become more suffix-like and start combining agglutinatively. And then the same sound change happens and pushes those to become fusional suffixes, and so on. I did Linguistics for my undergrad but my knowledge might be a bit rusty! But that's the general gist of it. We also learned that Polysynthetic languages are kind of in a category of their own, though it's debated. AFAIK it's not clear exactly how polysynthetic languages form, and they don't seem to fit the recurring pattern that other languages do.
For the last language I'm creating, I decided to make it agglutinative, slightly fusionning (with actual affixes that merges in some cases and doesn't in others). BUT it's based on an isolating protolang, and merged things very differently from us. For example, tense clitic didn't merge with the verb, but with the subject, and the verbs ended grammatically merging with adjectives in a single category.
@@Jerimbo Si lo es. En Español la palabra tilde se usa para referirse a diacriticos en general. Los primeros incisos en el Diccionario de la Lengua Española dictan: 1. f. acento (‖ signo ortográfico español). _Raúl se escribe con tilde en la u._ 2. f. Signo en forma de rayita, a veces ondulada, que forma parte de algunas letras, como la ñ, y que antiguamente se usaba en algunas abreviaturas. Lo que probablemente tienes en mente es la virgulilla de la ñ.
My current language, Ñacčtka, is very synthetic, though it is not polysynthetic. It also uses a mixture of agglutinative and fusional parts. It is possible to have a one-word sentence, such as "Ñzepácñacčtkañoqt," but that is primarily due to it being a pro-drop language. The word "Ñzepácñacčtkañoqt" can be broken down into 7 meaningful parts. Ñác-ñac-č-tka-ñoq-t speak-language-GEN-people-FUT.PFV-1S I will speak Ñacčtka to you. The name Ñacčtka itself is composed of three parts (Ñac-č-tka), as shown in that example.
I want to make a fusional isolating language. In such a language, morphemes are separate words but also fuse multiple meanings together. For instance, there can be words that express the subject person and number, but at the same time tense, or polarity, or maybe even the object person and number, all while it's just a one syllable word that cannot be broken down into smaller parts.
Does Artifexian pin comments
YoIronFistBro
Yes
Lol
YoIronFistBro Looks like you know now!
YolronFistBro, Apparently so.
I guess so 😁
Not gonna lie, I'm a little disappointed the burger didn't hinge open with a gaping maw full of sharp teeth while Bob reels in horror when it became "burgers ate Bob."
Yep
thats something life noggin would animate
Me too
@@ulfricstormcloack4066 LONG LIVE THE EMPIRE
@@DTux5249 Dont be too sure about that.
3:30 not drawing bob being eaten by burgers 2/10
0/10
2/12
10/2
7.8/10
3/52
Speaking mandarin, I can with confidence say that you slaughtered that example sentence
He also completly broke my ears when pronouncing the Spanish word _comí_.
The stress goes on "-mí", not on "co-" (like the difference between _a process_ and _to process_). He said ['kho.mi] instead of [ko.'mi] (if you don't understand this, search for IPA).
So yeah, you are not the only one dissapointed here xd.
I'm learning Mandarin, and I barely know any, but that [ku] hurt.
alexander moltu i’m a Spaniard who takes Mandarin classes, i was shot at by multiple sides...
The sound QU is confusing for non speakers, the U is more like german U umlaut
I tried to learn Mandarin when I was in highschool, I can attest that it's quite challenging for an English speaker to master the pronunciation... in particular, Mandarin has sounds that don't exist in English, like ɤ, ɥ, and ɻ/ʐ , and the tones can be difficult to produce in any way that sounds natural. I used to criticize bad German on UA-cam, but really, it isn't fair to expect someone who isn't actively learning the language to get the pronunciation perfect for a single sample sentence.
Whenever someone mentions agglutinative languages I'm like "pick me! pick me!" XD (native Hungarian)
Hehe
Suomalainen Varis interestingly those are closely connected.
I was so angry when he didnt mention Hungarian. xD Majdnem földre vágtam a telefonomat.
Akkars gestenjeket dobli ră?
that was my first thought too, spanish speaker btw
From your channel, we know how to design a solar system, how to design a calendar, and how to design a language. But there is still a few bits missing. How do we design land masses on planet? How to we design the dominant species that lives on the planet? How do we design their cities, vehicles, and other things?
Coming soon. Particularly the land mass part.
Sounds like you want to put the artifacts in Artifexian.
Wow man, didn't think you could get cooler. But then you did. Thank you for all the hard work you put in.
i'd really like to see a piece of fiction set in a civilisation of a decidedly non-human (but naturally evolved) species. perhaps inspired by arthropods or cephalopods. (reptiles would be too close, mushrooms too remotely related, i guess..)
That's essentially what I'm doing with my own sci-fi series. (Though my aliens may be too mammalian for your taste.) A good hard sci-fi galatic empire type series with some well done arthropod like aliens (the "Naxids") is Walter John Williams' Dread Empire Falls trilogy.
One conlang that I am making (Though it's currently on hiatus) is polysynthetic-agglutinative (I think). It has rough, flowing sounds and a ridiculously small amount of base words. These are both for literary reasons. Namely, I want the language to sound rough and frightening, and for the structure to seem simple. The low base word count is pretty interesting because it makes me get creative with new words. For instance, there are no words for different colors. The word for 'color' is the same as 'see'/'look' and the word for any given color is a descriptive word followed by the word for 'color'. So 'red' is 'blood-color' -> 'blood-see'.
An interesting example where my lack of base words really shows through is 'blue', which is 'not-down-see'. 'Sky' is the same word as 'up' but I don't have a word for 'up', so 'up' is actually 'not-down'. So, 'blue' -> 'sky-color' -> 'sky-see' -> 'up-see' -> 'not-down-see'.
God 5 years late but this is exactly what I'm thinking for mine. Start with few words from onomatopoeia and bastardize the shit out of it.
“Very Few Morphemes, say, 100 or so.”
*visible shaking with my conlang of literally 20 single-syllable morphemes*
Post your reference grammar on Google docs, please. It seems really interesting.
Mateus Mundstock it’s already in a doc, though I am still working on some of the changes to the language.
docs.google.com/document/d/1ikXuEIUO44DobnoervqKF3_374wQtqSdknh4yoY9kuY
That's cool!
As a musician, I was frustrated with the limitations of language to be euphonic. When writing lyrics, I would always try to leave out certain words because they contained too many hard (plosive) sounds. Sometimes it's hard to find words that mean the same thing but don't have hard sounds (unless you use words from different languages in the same sentence, which is extremely confusing). So, I decided to create my own language that would meet what I needed. This sparked a huge interest in linguistics within me. Within two days I was obsessing over Chonsky and generative grammar, verb tenses, writing systems, &c., and that's actually what introduced me to this channel. Anyways, my language (don't have a name for it) contains only sonorous consonants and light fricatives, and I took some liberties to stray away from the English grammar and instead go with what made most sense to me. (Of course, a lot of bits are the same as English, probably because I've been speaking it my whole life, and my thoughts have adapted to that.) but, for example, when thinking of word order, I went through different sentences and thought about what I would think of first. For me, SOV made the most since (I thought of who did it first, then who they did the thing to, then what they did. I also place adjectives after the nouns, like in Spanish, because that makes more sense to me. The defining characteristic of a brown dog is that it is a dog, not that it is brown. So I put the more important words first. The writing system is alphasyllabic, with vowels being marked as diacritics, although the diacritics look a bit like the letters, just oriented differently. They're about the same size. I don't have vowel killers or consonant killers, each consonant is just a consonant, and a lone vowel is attached to one of two "filler" symbols, depending on whether the vowel is part of the previous syllable (or if there isn't a previous syllable).
Sorry to necro a really old comment, but did you ever make more progress in this? I'm fascinated by the idea of a language designed for lyrics.
Can you name it the in-language version of "musical" or "song-related"?
Neat project would like to know more about it
Thank you for providing this extremely wrong paragraph four years ago that I will not read.
Long*
French is not really fusional, it actually is in the process of shifting to isolating.
We have recently lost the "passé simple" (replaced by the composed past made of an auxiliary), the subjunctive mood, and some people have even stopped using conditional mood. Besides verbs, there are no other word class which inflects greatly (most nouns do not distinguish singular from plural, and many adjectives do not distinguish plural and masculine-feminine agreement aside from writing French). That transition from highly fusional (Latin) to analytic (modern French) is almost completely done.
A'zhadial The subjunctive mood? Wtf?
Have you ever heard a French native speaker saying "Il faut que je fais"???
Huh! I didn't know that. Thanks for pointing this out.
Artifexian Yeah but he's exaggerating^^ French isn't as analytic as he says (even though he's right)
+Julien TSP C'est vrai que derrière "il faut que" ou "j'aimerais que", on l'utilise toujours mais c'est néanmoins un usage archaïque car à l'origine en Latin (comme en Allemand aujourd'hui) le subjonctif n'était pas exclusif à des propositions subordonnés mais indiqué une nuance de sens plutôt que simplement confirmer la subjectivité induite par le verbe en proposition principale ("j'aimerais que tu sois", le "sois" sert plus à rien car on sait déjà que le "j'aimerais" implique une réalité fictive).
Dans beaucoup de cas où l'usage de subjonctif ne paraît "pas français", on utilise des propositions infinitives ("je t'interdis d'être" plutôt que"j'interdis que").
De plus derrière des locutions verbales comme "jusqu'à ce que", on ne l'utilise plus dans la plupart des régions de France.
Son usage est donc plus archaïque qu'autre chose.
EN: It's true that after "il faut que" (~it must be that~SBJ must...) or "j'aimerais que" (I would like), we still use it but it is an archaic usage. In Latin (as with German nowadays), subjonctive was not exclusive to subordinate clauses but used to indicate a nuance in meaning rather than simply confirming that a verb inducts a fictuous reality by the verb in the main clause ("j'aimerais que tu sois", the "sois" is useless as we know that "j'aimerais" inducts a fictuous reality).
In most cases where not using the subjonctive mood seems "not French", we use infinitive clauses ("I forbid you to" rather than "I forbid that you").
Also, after verbal locutions like "jusqu'à ce que" (until ...), we do not use it in most regions of France.
The use of subjonctive is more archaic than anything.
+Julien TSP The only non-analytic part of French is its verbs and it is currently in the process of losing inflection. Besides what I mentionned, 1st and 3rd singular person are almost never differenciated by the verb inflection, often the 2nd singular and 3rd plural also take the same form as the 1st and 3rd singular. The 1st plural and the 2nd plural are always clearly differenciated, but the 1st plural is often replaced by "on" which takes the same form as the 3rd singular person. The inflection of tenses is also ambiguous ("je mangerai", "je mangerais": pronounced the same but two different tenses).
That's why French is (one of) the only Romance languages to have mandatory pronouns because verb inflection isn't enough.
Man, after searching far and wide for help to create a conlang, I think yours has been one of the most helpful. Keep it up.
Will do. Grab a copy of "The Language Construction Kit" by Mark Rosenfelder. It's great.
3:01 As an Englishman, I cannot tell you how nice it is to see the English language actually represented with the English flag for a change! Ta, pet.
Thank my podcasting cohost, Bill, for that. I used to just use the union Jack...but this much much better.
It's good to give the ol' St. George's Cross flying now and again! I'm not fussed about bods using the Union Flag instead, though the English flag is better - it's when norberts from the States use the US flag for English that really riles me. It'd be like using the flag of Patagonia for Welsh, or something. =Þ
Inky Scrolls I understand your complaint but tbf we do have more English speakers than you do in the UK due to our population size.
@Collton Righem ye but you know what, mate? Straya here has the better English
@@LunizIsGlacey I dinna think enya ken the shir moun' o' dialecs we ha' o'er ere in Bligh'y. Tha poor fo'eign pe's winna stan unner eny o' us. We win by righ o' diversity.
q is pronounced t͜ɕ and after j, x, q, [ʐ t͜ɕ ɕ] u is pronounced [y]. And now I resume my Chinese homework for tomorrow
Good to know. Cheers, pal. :)
Artifexian Also, the difference between "b" and "p" is not not between voicing(?), but between aspiration. So, spin would be transcribed as "sbin", while the word Bharat, from Sanskrit, would be "parat". (according to my Mandarin proffesor, blame her if I'm not right :P)
Iurie Pripa
So, b is p and p is ph in Chinese?
हस्तगिरेः नमः सर्वेभ्यः Yes, In Devanagari Chinese pa would be फ and ba would be प (Ignoring tone).
JayFolipurba Isn't q pronounced t͡ɕʰ,j t͡ɕ,x ɕ?
I mostly make synthetic languages, usually with case systems similar to Old Celtic or Germanic languages
Very nice.
My first conlang (Nevon) is agglutinative.
my conlang family (màngrì) is synthetic
Cases and case endings are stupid. That is why latin died and the romance languages don't have cases. I still don't know how greek survived though, but cases are still stupid say what you mean don't say the root of a word with some gibberish tagged on to the end to say something else unless you are adding prefixes and/or suffixes. plus no one wants to learn languages like that anyways and if they do i'm sure they hate themselves for not researching the language before hand to see how stupid it is. These languages are good for making it really hard for people to discipher what you are saying though, or you could just make an alphabet that is really unique that no one understands.
@@The_name105 do you knpw how cases evolve? Because it's really useful,instead of having 2 or three words to make peoples understand what you mean you have one ending,it's more compacted. Plus ad Hominem attack is not an argument ;)
Artifexian released a new video!
And people say I am celebrating Christmas early.
Looks like youtube isn't notifying subscribers as much as I like to be but tl;dr I'm back making videos again full time. Expect more videos.
Nah! Here in the Philippines, we're already celebrating Christmas here since Late September. =)
@@preacherofmusic We start on the beginning of -ber months (Sept. 1) and begin Christmas countdown on Sept. 16 (100 days before Christmas). The season lasts until Three Kings Day (Jan. 6) of next year when we remove all our Christmas decor.
I’ve actually been using these to create a crude Etruscan script. It’s been very useful, and a DnD character I made, Hercna Amria, speaks solely in this ‘pseudo-conlang’ I made...
Cool!
I know why most languages are agglutinative (and nearly all languages have some kind of agglutination somewhere: even highly fusional languages like Greek and Valyrian). Agglutination is both intuitive and fun. Even baby humans understand the concept of sticking two separate things together to create a new thing. They also find doing so endlessly entertaining (and, if we're honest, we never really grow out of that). Why does everyone like Quenya so much? because it sounds epic, yet satisfies your inner two year old.
-"[oligosynthetic languages] would have very few morphemes, say a hundred or so"
-Oh it's like in toki pona...
-"Think newspeak and you're kind of in the right ballpark"
-Fuck
Thanks so much for adding oligosynthetic languages! I have been working on them for some years, but they turn out to become complex (polysynthetic-ish) too in the end.
pls upload more
Megszentségteleníthetetlenségeskedéseitekért... Analize that... yes, that is a legit word, even if it never, ever gets used even in really overdone text.
What language?
It appears to be Hungarian.
According to a quick Google search I just did, it means “for your [plural] continued behaviour as if you could not be desecrated”
I actually had a Hungarian speaking friend show it to me! :)
Artifexian
Hungarian. It means something like "For your(plural) repeated acts of un-desecrationalisms" or something like that
Iurie Pripa
Also, "Elkelkáposztásítottalanítottátok", which basically means something like "You(plural) de-kale-d it" in a really roundabout way(Kale as in the vegetable)
MOAR CONLANG
YASSS!
Where are your eyes?
Try conjshi ga i.
Artifexian: * mentions morophemes *
Me: hey we just had that in uni :D thanks for helping me revise that subject. It was super helpful and very competently explained 😄
Great! Glad you enjoyed.
Sadly this video came one year late for me. I was like "hey, this is exactly the stuff I had to study during my first semester!"
Any day with new artifexian is a good day, even a rainy, cold, *monday*.
It is very cold here at the moment.
This is great. Your videos have been making me a better conlanger since you first started making them on this channel. Thanks for being awesome. Hopefully my conlangs can live up to whatever you make.
A pleasure to learn from your videos as always, Edgar.
Cheers, pal. Much appreciated.
Wow, the quality of your visuals and overall presentation has improved so much! Nice work!
Hi! Amelie here. I'm actually working on 2 conlangs called Yindaunese ((or Yin for short)) and Euptian.
A bit of overview:
Yin is an isolating language which the ratio of words to morphemes is low, and does not use inflection to indicate grammatical features. Rather it uses particles, adverbs, word order or is deduced to context.
Euptian is a fusional language which a word is inflected with an inflectional morpheme, displaying a myriad of grammatical features.
the way he pronounced "comí"... my god
the accent is right there
I *LOVE* agglutination and particles. They are my favorite and least favorite thing about Japanese.
It would be interesting if you did a video on how modern codification / recorded media affects how languages change over time. For instance, it seems like it would be very hard for there to be any significant changes in the grammar of a language now that there's so much recorded video media and such strict spelling / grammar guidelines.
Creating languages is one of the funniest things to do when bored. I do have my own called Segehii. Have an example :D
"aer don shai kaekaldos" (may his/her holy light (refering to god) stay within you, a formal farewell)
aer - may
don - possessive 3rd p singular
shai - holy light or the light of truth
kaekal - verb in root-form
-dos - possessive 1st p singular
The structure of this phrase doesn't differ a lot from English but that's not always the case. Hope you liked it :D
Is it complete? I'd like to learn it.
mine main conlang is valendhirdven, it got pretty complex over time, with some complex grammar and thousands of words. It's mainly agglutinative out of the video's types. I'm curringly making songs on it
in my conlang that sentence you translated would be: thëldunus aëra ahr o Tudussáth
:)
Ka’ mohlah ga’t xahrix ae yahaiR
(May) His holy light stay within you
Ka’ - original form (Kai) get rid of i so it sounds better; His, he, him
Mohlah - holy, spiritual-related
ga’t - original form (gait): light
xahrix - to stay
Ae - in, within, inside, internal
yahaiR - you, your,
My conlang is called Yarinox.
It’s no where near finished, but there are alphabets and the writing system, I think, is very cool.
Suwamal 'agasaf ni'ab
Su : prefix indicating a wish or a conditional
Wamal : to be, to exist
'ag : he/she
-a- : genitive particle (like the 's in English)
Saf : light
ni : prefix indicating a place
'ab : you.
"May his light be within you"
Barajan is still at an early state of development. The apostrophe serves the same role as in Hawaiian, being a glottal stop that is treated as a consonant. It's a mostly agglutinative language inspired from Arabic for the sentence structure and sounds. I'll definitely work on it more in the future :)
No one:
Absolutely no one:
Me, an intellectual:
Morphemes are the atoms of Drug addictions °
Morphine Morphemes, a classic
jesus, bro, your production values are through the roof. besides containing some solid basic conlanging foundation, this is visually and structurally tight. kudos
This video reminded me of my Dutch lesson tomorrow, and in extension that I hadnt packed my bag yet. Thanks Artifexian! :)
My Conlang is mostly agglutinitive nouns and fusional verbs, somewhere between synth and polysynth. I recently actually started using the language in a project of mine, so I wanted to thank you for all the useful info you've been providing
No probs at all. Glad to be of service.
Your new style of videos are awesomeee!!!!!
Cool, glad you like.
rip chinese pronunciation
and Spanish
Rip tones
I cringed hard
你不来，我不去。
@@mauricioheller9379 comí ? oh, I see, "commie"
As I may have mentioned before, I have been working on a set of conlangs for my fantasy world, but lost the notes, sadly, but I remember much of it by heart.
My Elven language was written similar to LOTR elven, being an abjad, but had a leaf and vine style of writing that didn't look like Quenya. It contained, so far, a large set of words and grammatical rules that allowed for words to be altered to say the same sentence, with new meaning. Such as "Welcome to my home" Could be made to sound like you are greeting a friend "Kotuu Rewasya ri'lorwyr" or as if you are reluctantly allowing someone of distaste in "Kotau Rewasok ri'lorwyr".
My Dwarven was basically a new version of Norse runes with the grammer of Gaelic, allowing for a lot of interesting writting and speech. They spoke there directly, as the previous sentence would directly be "Greeting - Subject - Home - Possessive - Personal"
Lastly, I worked on an orcish that was based off Hangul, written vertically. Nothing more beyond that.
I had planned next a few other minor races languages, as well as the language of the divines. That's all I had done... but it is lost for now...
Glad you're still making videos
I'm working on a language that is highly analytic, evolving into this from it's early 'writing' system of naval flags. As you can't inflect a flag, the writing system moved it away from morphology and inflection. It is non-tonal, but has three vowel lengths (and the matter, as Ri is fingernail and Riii is breast). They now have a logo-syllabary based off of these flags, and still hold to no morphology, but have a huge aresnal of modals, auxiliaries, and particles to convey meaning. Phonology is Irish with weird phonotactics, and syntax is completely head initial. A vrry straightforward people put what is important first.
Great video man! I have always been interested in linguistics and your channel is one of the best for it! I am trying to create my own language and your videos have helped me do so.
Spanish worldbuilder here, awesome video (as always) and I hope for more. I just want to make a quick remark: the pronunciation of "comí" is /ko-mee/, with special emphasis on the "mee", and not /koh-mee/, with an aspirated sound in the middle. But I understand our language is dificult sometimes so I have no problem at all with the mispronunciation, just wanted to collaborate as much as possible ^^
Fabulous ❤️ I actually understood this video. I'm needing to make a posteriori conlang from Sumerian and then evolve the language to create several other conlang from it and I've been completely lost, but I actually understood this so thank you!
Ahhhhhhh Inuktitut! I'm attempting to build a conlang based on the language since my character's background is heavily based on Inuit culture but, as expected, it's not going well... So I've just taken random words (according to what I need said in dialogue), put dashes in between them, and call it a day. I don't think I have capability of learning such an extensive language, but I'd love to.
4:45
Correction! Preterite tense. Spanish has 2 past tenses. One is used for a completed action in a specific time in the past. That is preterite. The other is imperfect, which talks of an action being repeated over and over again or uncompleted.
I'm trying to figure out what kind of language people would speak after a thousand years of a devastating apocalypse. What are your thoughts?
KainusGulch
A mixture of multiple languages but a less intelligectual version than if all the languages mix after a great human futuristic global civilization. Plus, consider the postapocolyptic cultural meaning of words and current cultural meanings.
Thanks. I was thinking a tribal atmosphere so I've been thinking about how neighboring languages have similarities but also differences, but also keep a semblance of English for the part that is in America so it connects with the reader perhaps? I'm still thinking about it all. And note taking. Thanks.
Could you provide some more context? If your civilization has lots of people from different origins forced together for whatever reason you might want to read a bit about Creole languages. If your society is very tribal and people have lost the ability to easily communicate and travel over long distances due to an apocalyptic event, like you described, you might also want to avoid using one standard langue. It seems likely to me each tribe would have their own dialect and a sort of dialectal continuum would emerge between different tribes.
I wanted to cut off the continents from each other, so the other languages mixing with english would come manly from mexico and canada and from immigrants that came over before the infrastructure fell apart. There's a group that keeps themselves educated by stealing all the artifacts of what we would call modern day, and they i figured would have the closest recognizable speech. But for the people that are a bit ghoulish and mutated beings I'm not sure how to modify the language, but I think some thing that involves tones or clicks might make abnormal throats and mouths easier to communicate with. Does that make sense?
For one thing, if this language is based on English for example, keep in mind the amount that English has changed over the last thousand years- quite a lot, but it was still somewhat recognizable, so this language a thousand years from now might be similarly comprehensible. Same goes for any other language, check out the rate they've been changing at.
I usually make agglutinative conlangs, because I like the intricate implied meanings of using some affixes but not others. The one I'm working now has attempted labiodental plosive and is intended to encourage thorough thought about what one says before one says it.
0:50 Bob->eats (wait what???)
I don't really world build, or language build, but I use it for analysing worls other people have made, and these videos on your channel have definatily helped me be better at spotting these flaws, or in a rare few cases hints at a more detailed world building behind the scenes.
This is super cool! The language I've been putting most of my effort into is synthetic agglutinative. I didn't actually realize most of the world's languages are agglutinative. I just did it because I liked how the system felt. It's awesome to learn that there are legitimate terms and real-world examples of things I've been throwing in because I thought they were fun.
I once had a Mandela effect where I watched this,tried to show burgers eating Bob to my friend,and was immensely disappointed when that didn't happen . I spent the next 2 hours scrubbing through the video to find it.😢
lol
A while ago me and a couple of friends made a theoretical one called 'Bro'. IIt's not very fleshed out, but just to say 'sister' would be 'bro nobro' because we kept our morpheme count as small as possible.It's quite a fun little practice
I am in the process of writing a book (which is hard enough by itself😂), and I recently decided to throw in a conlang for my people because why not😂😂
Your videos have been very helpful to me because I had no idea how much planning went into making languages. Please keep making these kinds of videos, they really help!
I've got a question Artifexian. Are you go in depth and talk about grammar and the different ways that countries organize their sentences or how do verbs work in again, differnt languages.
Yes definitely.
Thanks, and also sorry for my bad english, I'm from southern Europe, soy de España 😂😅
Thanks for this awesome vid, man.
Glad to have you back.
I usually ɡive my conlanɡs a lot of affliction and conjuɡations as I am a huɡe latin fan thouɡh recently I've started playinɡ around with heavily derivated lanɡs! This has led to some monsterous words like: witunaimarɛnɛi (i.e. the only animal is currently preforminɡ the body action associated with «nam» as an indirect object) and ɪtɪnʊnaimɛno (the small animal associated with «nam» as a sinɡular, subject noun, in the context of memory)! Lovinɡ your content btw!
Thanks for the vid! It helps me on my process to create words for different languages I'm creating (not sure if I'll ever make grammar rules since I'd have to do them for all languages...).
Also, how funny that whenever you start pronunciating stuff from not your first language, there's always the risk to butcher it. I don't know a single word in Mandarin, but I could tell there was no chinese accent there.
The point of Spanish "comí" is that the "I" has an accent, a signal that it's pronounced (ko-MEE), not (KO-mee). If it had followed the former sound, it would've been written "comi", or "cómi", although the last one's not even Spanish.
Despite this nitpick, the rest of the vid was informative, interesting and very enjoyable :)
I remember trying to make an Oligosynthetic language that was actually useful. I had around ~60 morphemes and could actually express a lot of basic ideas (including some in one nice compact word that took multiple sentences in English), but symbols got quite complex, especially because each word was a 2-dimensional arrangement of symbols for morpheme monosyllables. I remember for fun creating a word that was more or less a giant jigsaw puzzle and had around 40 morphemes in it, some of which were repeated.
ive been making a language to show just how "other" a different species is, but they're other because they actually fucking care for each other and im trying to make the language reflect that. I call it Ikin, a lazy modification of the species name, Iknir. i dont have much of the grammar down yet, but i do have the colors. They have many names for warmer colors, and not much for cooler. They're culture is based around life and fire, and thats reflected in the fact they have no words for blue and purple, they're just various kinds of white. Blue is "dark-white", purple is "sky-white"(the sky is lavender during the day).
It's always fun to work on languages, the most recent one I've been working on is a pseudo-north germanic language.
"ᚦᛊ 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌻 𐍃ᛏ𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍂 ᚺ𐌵𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍂" or "Þé karl stígar hundír" or "the man walked the dog
with Þé being the definite article
Karl of course meaning man
Stígar, meaning walk (stíg) with the past tense suffix "-ar"
And hundír (with the -ír suffix indicating a single dog)
Yes! I was hoping you would do a video like this!
Hope it lives up to your expectations.
A lot of my conlangs have been more on the polysynthetic side, but I want to try that oligosynthetic type. It sounds really cool, and I hope some real world languages could exist like so.
I have been making an analytical language. Still working on selecting the consonants.
YESSSSS! HE'S BACK!!!!!!
He is.
I'm creating my r'oyya language which is polysynthetic like the word qafalkalakhantiveronialesesiganbungaessa which means i spoke to the handsome kalakhan of veronia [i'm standing to explain it] r'oyya is a human language created for B'TX and is preety complicated and what makes it quite polysynthetic is that it does'nt have adjectives ,it uses some classifiers which give situations for ambiguity . R'oyya has an easy part too,it lacks the words for plant,science,flower, or other collective nouns ,why coin stupid extra terms that i don't even need when i can just specify it through something else.
Most r'oyya verbs are derived from nouns because i can use the suffix nga to make a two morpheme verb and plus you can combine morphemes into a single long word with several pieces of meaning. i'm nine years old and i am a romanian nerd.
I CAME AS SOON AS I HEARD
Glad you did.
I don't think I have to tell you in whose voice I read that.
Same
What a compass!
Angelicaaaaa
( all the way from London? Damn)
Somone who understands what im here to do
Im not here for you
I know my sister like i know my own mind you will never find anyone as trusting or as kind
Put what we had aside, im standing at her side, god i hope youre satisfied
Glad you are back! Your videos are very interesting to listen to.
Drop everything and watch.
I'm not responsible for any broken objects. Just so we're clear. :P
Artifexian I promise not to blame any broken objects now or in the future on Artifexian
Sentence order is one of the things I love about German. German inflects its Verbs really specifically depending on who’s verb-ing (I, you, he/she/it/one, we, pl. you, they, formal you), as well as using different cases to show subject, object, etc. so sentence structure is really flexible.
For instance, „der Hund beißt mich,“ meaning, “the dog bites me.” The infinitive verb beißen becomes beißt to show third person, as opposed to saying “ich beiße...” which would show first person. Plus, “me” being the object of the dog’s biting puts “me” in the accusative case, so „ich“ becomes „mich.“ You could say „mich beißt der Hund,“ and it would still technically be correct as long as you keep your cases and verb endings the same.
On the other hand switching “me” into nominative and “the dog” into accusative and conjugating beißen for first person, you’d get „ich beiße den Hund,“ “I bite the dog,” which is still correct as „den Hund beiße ich.“
My first and current conlanging project is polysynthetic. It's called "Pwódga" (or "horse runes") and is inspired heavily by the Dené-Yeniseian languages.
This video is amazing! Thank you for your explanation.
I'm making an oligosynthetic language, but still making it suitable as an art form by having several different dialects to convey different tones.
Now I want to see a proof of concept oligosynthetic language.
Granted, I should probably finish my programming language before starting work on a human-ish language.
Check out this: ua-cam.com/video/dvOfnHJpQes/v-deo.html
Toki Pona
What programming language are you working on?
A custom one that resembles Haskell, but is low level like C. Currently its equivalent to C, but I have plans to implement either linear or unique types to provide memory safety.
Been waiting for something like this
Awesome.
It's not CO-mí, it's co-MÍ
-every triggered Spanish speakers
Why else would there be a diacritic specifically present for stress marking?
Im hyper excited to see a new video from you in my feed. Its like christmas
Agglutnative for life!
Thanks, this really helped me understand the concepts you expressed. I do think it would be good to talk about other "categories" of conlangs, such as a piori or posteriori and auxialiary vs artistic. Although now that I said that, I remember that being talked about in your and Xidnaf's collaboration videos.
qu is pronounced 'chu' in Mandarin btw, nice video!
Ye, Chinese isn't my bag unfortunately. :/
Not "chu." The Q is like ch, except your tongue is flat.
Like Tsüsch in German, without the sch
[tɕʰy]
And qù means it has falling tone
I've made two fundamental conlangs, these are split in an evolution from 2012 to 2017.
Domian 2012: German Voc with englisch grammatic.
Domian 2013: German and English Voc, but every time the shortest word.
Domian 2014: Domian 2013, but Spanish conjugation.
Alelandos 2015-17: Development of a mixture of German, English and Spanish vocab. (shortest words)
So I came up with a 2 dimensional gender suffix structure... And another 2d prefix setup. This video is good for calling attention to methods and habits.... I'll definitely get there soon! Already got like 6 roots and 20 combinations (is there a way to get a summary of English roots and basic pairings so I can pan through them?)
I don't have anything like that to hand. If it exists, I'd like to know about it too.
Two dimensional gender? What SJW bullshit is this?
(Jk let your fiction have a fuckin gender square gender cube whatever fuck it i don't care it's fiction have fun)
lol. i actually act with a kind of "avoiding but polite" method in english, but my language has a more advanced tactic:
there are four base genders (this is inspired from an ausie language
Edible, Female, "Male", and Objects. then the second half of the "gender" is whether it is a verb (acting with the object, like 'to ice'), an object (like ice itself, or a pizza), and a premonition/future tense (like planning on doing something, or wanting a pizza)
Male being simply a human which is not female, as the culture is (naturally) fertility centric, you either can or you cannot eventually make a baby.
hence the 2d gender structure. what are trans peoples? what are nonbinaries? they are either objects, or men. this is assuming that they even use different pronouns, since "female" and "male" are not defined as man and woman, but as having a functional womb, or not.
so i found something that has /most/ of what i was looking for, turns out when i asked you actually i'd forgotten something i found months ago. just remembered!
wold.clld.org/vocabulary/11
Don't you mean /moʊst/? ;)
im currently creating phonology for a conlang that I'll try to have both agglutinative and fusional, because I'm a french native and I live in Türkiye, and I've learned english since I'm a child. All these 3 languages have really cool grammatical features and I want to blend them into a neat conlang ahah!
Makes me review 3 grammars at once to choose what is the best I can come with and it will be a long process.
HE LIVES!
He does.
HE AlSO TALKS!
My favorite conlang is Old Gelfling from Dark Crystal/Age of Resistance. We’ve only ever heard it in song, but when we do, it feels amazing.
So computers and AI would create an Olgiosynthetic language because such entities would only have 2 morphemes i.e. 1 and 0.
Kinda I guess.
1 and 0 are not the only possible morphemes
0 = open circuit
1 = closed circuit
If you make anything that holds more meaning than that then you are making a new morpheme
4:38 the stress is in the 'I'. /ko.'mi/
"tumi ke lingu be pera"
Translate that if you can...
BTW, I am off to creating a Conlang generator program...
I am not atempting it, but that looks like Toki Pona to me.
Actualy, on second thought, maybe Toki Pone wouldn't have a word such as "lingu".
@@PhantomKING113 The sounds b, g and r aren't present in Toki Pona.
if it was toki pona, it would be something like "tumi ke linu pe pela"
How is the program going
The description of oligosynthetic languages is how I visualize Entish from Tolkien's LoTR. They take a long time to say anything in their own language, so they're probably having to string together lots of morphemes to get across any single idea, and when they speak in English, they're descriptive, using a small number of objects as reference points to direct you to what they want to refer to. The big difference is that Tolkien described the language as having lots of vowels and tones to boot, so likely lots of morphemes.
my language is fusional-agglutinative
Lot's of people seem to be doing the agglutinative thing. I wonder why that is?
to make longer words i suppose
I'd guess most people here are English speakers and many will have some knowledge of another major European language (French, Spanish, German… ) so agglutinativity seems more interesting and different.
Alphathon agreed
My native language is Spanish and I find agglutination curious.
i'm making a conlang that treats nouns/prepositions polysynthetic-agglutinatively, and its verbs synthetic-fusionally. it isn't anywhere close to done but the main structures are fleshed out at this point
Very cool.
I created Qinda-Maary, or l'awzsian. It is a language that based on the Semitic Family (and a little bit of English and Spanish). With that, I created a world for those speakers, and a mythology about the history of them, plus a story about how the language created (clue: by Qinda and mary).
Also I am working on a new language that will be easy to learn and I call it "PIDGIN HESAJON" for now.
Actually, I am in a binge of this channel and I have to go on so bye...
Oh , do you pin comments?
The first language I tried to make was like a step beyond Oligosynthetic Agglutinative. There were 6 morphemes that combined into concepts that combined into more concepts that combined into words that combined into sentences which were considered a single statement. They were also used to represent numbers, colours, directions, etc. and combinations codes to tell you what they're representing. This was a complete nightmare so I gave up and it became canonically a kind of decorative scribble used to convey basic concepts.
2:45
'qu' is pronounced [t͡ɕʰy˥˩] not [kʰu]
That is a very complicated sound transcribed as two letters and one diacritic. That's what I call efficiency.
To simplify, say "ch" and "ui" st the same time. Still a bad simplification, but it's as close as I can write it in english without more mandarin words
Yang Kong i think Artifexian probably knows the IPA, but yeah. pinyin is so confusing lol
Just a heads up, since it wasn't mentioned in the video: the main driving force behind the change of morphological typology of a language (whether it's mainly analytic/agglutinating/fusional) is sound change.
Generally sound change over a long period tends towards dropping and combining sounds, so a fusional language's fusional suffixes will gradually become more and more compact until they're very short or dropped entirely. As the various meanings are no longer encoded in one handy morpheme, analytical elements must be introduced to add more meaning/context. We can see this in the transition from Latin to modern Romance languages. Case endings were lost entirely, and analytic features such as mandatory articles and clitics came to be used (of course these aren't perfectly analytics - Romance articles are fusional in that they encode plurality and gender together). These analytic forms often start off as paraphrases that get slowly grammaticalised. E.g. French negation 'ne pas' comes from a system where different negators were used after the noun, e.g. "I haven't eaten a crumb/walked a step" ('pas' coming from step). Eventually 'pas' came to be used for all of them and became a mandatory part of French negation (though now it is being lost again!).
As these processes of grammaticalisation go on, the morphemes can become more suffix-like and start combining agglutinatively. And then the same sound change happens and pushes those to become fusional suffixes, and so on.
I did Linguistics for my undergrad but my knowledge might be a bit rusty! But that's the general gist of it. We also learned that Polysynthetic languages are kind of in a category of their own, though it's debated. AFAIK it's not clear exactly how polysynthetic languages form, and they don't seem to fit the recurring pattern that other languages do.
Wasn't ancient Sumerian oligosynthetic?
Could be. I've no idea.
Sumerian was agglutinative. The one really unusual thing about it is that it's a language isolate with no known relatives, past or present.
For the last language I'm creating, I decided to make it agglutinative, slightly fusionning (with actual affixes that merges in some cases and doesn't in others). BUT it's based on an isolating protolang, and merged things very differently from us. For example, tense clitic didn't merge with the verb, but with the subject, and the verbs ended grammatically merging with adjectives in a single category.
Not comi, comí. The tilde in Spanish marks the stress syllable
Not a tilde
@@Jerimbo Si lo es. En Español la palabra tilde se usa para referirse a diacriticos en general. Los primeros incisos en el Diccionario de la Lengua Española dictan:
1. f. acento (‖ signo ortográfico español). _Raúl se escribe con tilde en la u._
2. f. Signo en forma de rayita, a veces ondulada, que forma parte de algunas letras, como la ñ, y que antiguamente se usaba en algunas abreviaturas.
Lo que probablemente tienes en mente es la virgulilla de la ñ.
@@pablomunoz3119 no sabía eso, gracias, siempre me enseñaron que el tilde es solamente el acento en ñ
My current language, Ñacčtka, is very synthetic, though it is not polysynthetic. It also uses a mixture of agglutinative and fusional parts.
It is possible to have a one-word sentence, such as "Ñzepácñacčtkañoqt," but that is primarily due to it being a pro-drop language.
The word "Ñzepácñacčtkañoqt" can be broken down into 7 meaningful parts.
Ñác-ñac-č-tka-ñoq-t
speak-language-GEN-people-FUT.PFV-1S
I will speak Ñacčtka to you.
The name Ñacčtka itself is composed of three parts (Ñac-č-tka), as shown in that example.
.
I want to make a fusional isolating language. In such a language, morphemes are separate words but also fuse multiple meanings together. For instance, there can be words that express the subject person and number, but at the same time tense, or polarity, or maybe even the object person and number, all while it's just a one syllable word that cannot be broken down into smaller parts.
Hour club
Is this a thing??
I guess