Similar but not the same. Silicon is an element, and is used for making semiconductor chips. Sand is an oxide of silicon, similar to the way rust is an oxide of iron. Glass is usually a combination of several metal oxides. The advantage of glass is that its thermal expansion can be designed to be the same as silicon. The disadvantage is that glass is by definition amorphous; that is, not a crystal. Silicon used for semiconductors is made from crystals. This can be a disadvantage because crystals do not expand thermally the same in all directions, whereas glass (in theory) does. So perfect thermal expansion matching is not really possible.
Glass has a tendency to flow even under gravity, at a room temperature. Clearly visible when you look at the old windows. I understand that is a different type of glass, but still it would be interesting to see, how this problem is going to be solved.
I wonder if the semi industry will follow the same path telescope making did going from glass to pyrex to cervit to zerodur and even more exotic variants to get improved thermal and dielectric properties both in manufacturing and use.
Not necessarily. The optimum glass for a substrate would have the same thermal expansion as the chiplets so zerodur might cause a problem by expanding less than silicon.
I wanted to clarify one part of this. I recently worked at that research fab in arizona for intel as a contingent worker, and have held in my hands those glass substrates, very cool stuff. But i wanted to clarify, their organic substrate wafers are also rectangular. They only use circular wafers for logic. I would hope thats common knowledge at this point (thats not a jab at you, thats a fingers crossed for any nda i might be under)
you do very cool stuff man! I as a pilot I appreciate people like you a lot; without you RnD lads planes would be less tech more Manual! Namaste from Bharat 🇮🇳🙏🏼
Why is logic still on circular wafers? I thought I had something to do with the way they make the silicone Crystal ignots as a cylinder and then cut them. I think they probably do some kind of spinning operation which favors circular dimensions. So why can't logic go to however they're doing the square wafer substrates if efficiently? TIA.
@@ariisaac5111 Even if using round wafers is entirely last-gen, there is well established supply chains, lots of infrastructure that is paid for and profitable. There is a huge market for legacy chips, they go in lots of cheap IoT devices and are probably the bread and butter of most of these companies profit wise.
@@ItskunalumareThere's an electric flying taxi startup that has a fully agnostic autopilot. It was possible more than two decades ago, so it's only a matter of time.
Eventually, maybe but as with true neuromorphic processors, there are still many obstacles to overcome. Could be a few years, possibly decades, before we have a commercial photonic (or neuromorphic) processor.
GDR invented almost unbreakable glass in the 80s called superfest they replaced small sodium ions with larger potassium ions, they just put the glass for 45 minutes in a potassium nitrate bath at 450°C. Cornings gorilla glass is created with the same technique. So fragility issues are remedied rather easy
Super interesting to be kept up to date with these developments & to learn how glass that humans first made over 4000 years ago is finding new applications. Lovely also how you understand & support wildlife. Our planet needs people like you who push forward technology & who use some of their rewards for this work to support the health & well being of our planet & its flora & fauna. Thank you for sharing & inspiring us all to make the future better.
From my understanding, Glass is a “non crystaline solid formed by rapid melt quenching”. So could be either, both or neither. They can use quartz, silicon, and mixtures of many other materials that or conductive to resistive. It’s honestly very flexible, and less restrictive than silicon. Surprised they didn’t do it sooner. Probably just due manufacturing speed and profit limitations, as business does its entropic dance.
I could imagine doing something like SOI, Silicon on Insulator, where the glass is the base substrate instead of a bulk wafer. I think that would have been tried by now because SOI has been around for 30 years at least.
This is possible but expensive. Growing crystalline silicon layer on top of glass substrate involves several cycles of epitaxy and grinding to get a very flat and thin layer of crystalline silicon on the surface.
Great! I just love glass, it is literally magical. The ancients were spiritually awed at how something made from sand could end up in glorious works of cathedral art.... P.S. As an hobby, I used to do stained glass windows for my home... Spiritual, yeah, for me and mine❤
I have been saying optical computing, including use of glass, will be the future for quite some time. In fact, I think some form of amorphous programmable glass will be best. You can basically "tune" a neural network on the glass substrate, then lock in the metamaterial surface patterns, then use light input as the signal and the output is the computed result. If you need to change the function of the chip, change the internal amorphous glass structure and you instantly have a new network that can process on different tasks.
Thank you for this insightful video. The shift to glass substrates is largely driven by the need for much tighter design rules, enabling denser redistribution layers and reducing parasitic effects-key factors in achieving better 3D IC integration at high frequencies
Love this in-depth analysis and update on this amazing new development in silicon chip /processing fab technology. One question though, for at least 10 or 20 years I recall silicon on insulator being commonplace at high end for high-speed communications and maybe even photonics applications. How is this very different than that SOI technology and white only now has it come to APUs/CPUs? I'm guessing so I was only good for small-scale things like LEDs or I've been with transistors maybe, and not systems on a chip integration on the insulating substrate.
Would you say this technology would allow nvidia or other chip makers to achieve a bigger leap than what we've seen in the last year? Like for example h100 to blackwell.
Wont the glass substrates be more at risk of breaking? Like, it's bad enough if you drop your phone and crack the screen but imagine dropping your phone and the SoC physically shatters!
Silicon is way more fragile than glass and there isn't a problem with chips shattering now. First it is all encapsulated in a tough package material and second the chips in something like a phone are tiny so far less prone to shock stresses.
I think the crystals were for memory, not processing. And for storage, we already have the holographic data storage on glass, which can last at least for 50 years without degradation.
On the larger node sizes, it would not have been cost efficient. The "rougher" Silicon subs were good enough, and that means less costly production. This is on par with the newer, smaller nodes. We are in Angstroms now, so it really is kind of required to have a smoother substrate than previous, larger node form factors. That is just an uneducated lay person guess, btw.
Hi Anastasi (and community). Do you by chance have any references discussing the 650 x 650 mm wafers (or equipment concerning) that they are using at 5:05? I am trying to learn more about this. Thanks! Edit: Additionally, I'm looking for info on what exposure technologies are being used. And what are the current CD limits for the 650 mm glass substrates. Thanks!
Going out on a limb..........Metallic glass could be interposed as a ground (-) stability layer between the (glass-polymer-glass) sub-strait. going even further out...........(Glass-polymer-metalic glass- poymer-glass) could be stacked and held a different potentials by the metallic glass layers!!! But that's just wish full fantasy......
Many MOSFET devices have internally connected Zener diodes on the gates to reduce the chance of static damage to the gate. the most useful characteristic of a Zener diode is a constant voltage drop under conditions of varying current. The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the flow of current in a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the flow of current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source. FETs are also known as unipolar transistors since they involve single-carrier-type operation. That is, FETs use either electrons (n-channel) or holes (p-channel) as charge carriers in their operation, but not both. Many different types of field effect transistors exist. Field effect transistors generally display very high input impedance at low frequencies. The most widely used field-effect transistor is the MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor). Using glass as an insulator is good until it gets a crack in it because a static charge will find the path of least resistance through the cracks rendering 99.9% of the rest of the Non cracked glass insulator useless. This is not a new technology Anastasi, this is widely available information in the world of us FCC Amateur Extra licensed radio operators and commercial radio and radar endorsed operators as well. I like your enthusiasm on the tech subjects though.
There are different formulations of "glass" but Silicon Dioxide is a pretty good description of the principle ingredient. And don't chips have a layer of SiO2 as a passivation layer?
I am sure that The Corning Glass Company could have a lot to offer here, especially in regards to making a thin glass wafer tough enough to handle the manufacturing processes. Another potential issue with glass is differential heating across the surface of a large chip; This could also be an issue with cracking during operation of the chip. Again, Corning Glass has a lot of experience in mitigating the problems of this type of thermal stress.
'Chips' are getting so big they'll have to be called plates, fields, city-blocks, countries, dwarf planets, solar-systems, galaxies... ;-) So that picture of the Cosmic Microwave Background must be the Big Chip, aka the Universe. Therefore TSMC has a long way to go...
Very interesting and educational video. Thank you! If you do not mind, would you dive into more details of multi-layer substrate technique with all glass substrates? I got a lot of questions such as how make conductor pattern (vertically and horizontally) which is currently done by plating? Do glass substrates use ABF as layer-to-layer insulator? if it uses ABF, how does CTF gap absorbed?
I’m a huge fan of Planet Wild. Check them out planetwild.com/r/anastasiintech/m19/29
Are of Glass, the animals? :D
Question from the peanut gallery, isn't glass made from silicon?
What a good cause!
Seems like they're doing great work. And you're doing a great job supporting them!
Transparent comedy. Very Punny. 👍
Wouldn't some rigid strong porcelain function similar?
And we haven’t even “scratched “the surface. LOL
Scratches at level 6, deeper grooves at level 7 😋
The new sub straight is scratch less ! LOL !
so many glass puns in this episode ❤
How long did you polish that joke?
I saw through that clear cut transparancy joke
When I saw the thumbnail I thought it was a makeup pallet and I was wondering how I ended up subscribed to a chanel doing makeup videos!
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
warranty void if you hear a crack while installing the heat sink
lmao
So many glass puns I lost count haha love it thanks Anastasi! Very entertaining and informative :)
"Questions, questions, so many questions... You want a shard? Here!" -- Aughra, The Dark Crystal
🤦♂ she is hilarious
This development will shatter the market.
They are both sand, just different forms, right?
well, purified silica as raw material for sure (sand is a mixture of minerals)
Similar but not the same. Silicon is an element, and is used for making semiconductor chips. Sand is an oxide of silicon, similar to the way rust is an oxide of iron. Glass is usually a combination of several metal oxides. The advantage of glass is that its thermal expansion can be designed to be the same as silicon. The disadvantage is that glass is by definition amorphous; that is, not a crystal. Silicon used for semiconductors is made from crystals. This can be a disadvantage because crystals do not expand thermally the same in all directions, whereas glass (in theory) does. So perfect thermal expansion matching is not really possible.
Glass has a tendency to flow even under gravity, at a room temperature. Clearly visible when you look at the old windows. I understand that is a different type of glass, but still it would be interesting to see, how this problem is going to be solved.
5.5D is a silly naming convention right?
Seems misleading ahah
I just posted same thing. a super dumb mnemonic
I wonder if the semi industry will follow the same path telescope making did going from glass to pyrex to cervit to zerodur and even more exotic variants to get improved thermal and dielectric properties both in manufacturing and use.
Not necessarily. The optimum glass for a substrate would have the same thermal expansion as the chiplets so zerodur might cause a problem by expanding less than silicon.
So Glass Substrate. Now I am just waiting for the Diamond heat sinks.
IBM used that decades ago
Diamond dust in a dielectric fluid flowing across copper fins. Cool down as low as 150F below zero. No water incursions. Spool that clock up!
Hey, why not?
I remember hearing something about manipulating the properties of lab-grown diamonds; I think it was for use in memory!? IDK
9:05 ?
I wanted to clarify one part of this. I recently worked at that research fab in arizona for intel as a contingent worker, and have held in my hands those glass substrates, very cool stuff. But i wanted to clarify, their organic substrate wafers are also rectangular. They only use circular wafers for logic. I would hope thats common knowledge at this point (thats not a jab at you, thats a fingers crossed for any nda i might be under)
you do very cool stuff man! I as a pilot I appreciate people like you a lot; without you RnD lads planes would be less tech more Manual!
Namaste from Bharat 🇮🇳🙏🏼
Hello, this is the intel ceo. You will be hearing from our lawyers jonathon.
Why is logic still on circular wafers? I thought I had something to do with the way they make the silicone Crystal ignots as a cylinder and then cut them. I think they probably do some kind of spinning operation which favors circular dimensions. So why can't logic go to however they're doing the square wafer substrates if efficiently? TIA.
@@ariisaac5111 Even if using round wafers is entirely last-gen, there is well established supply chains, lots of infrastructure that is paid for and profitable. There is a huge market for legacy chips, they go in lots of cheap IoT devices and are probably the bread and butter of most of these companies profit wise.
@@ItskunalumareThere's an electric flying taxi startup that has a fully agnostic autopilot.
It was possible more than two decades ago, so it's only a matter of time.
love when she mispronounces alot of words..
but still nails it with the puns.
she "cracks" me up 😂
Thank you for simplifying things for us. I really appreciate it and I have to say you are one of a few analysts I like to watch
So many puns breaking through that glass ceiling in this one!
The only transparency we can get from the chip industry 😁
The will technical revolution will arise with photonic chips
Exactly!!!!
I thought that was the positronic?
most likely
Eventually, maybe but as with true neuromorphic processors, there are still many obstacles to overcome. Could be a few years, possibly decades, before we have a commercial photonic (or neuromorphic) processor.
@@antonystringfellow5152 And what about the Taichi-II Chip ?
Using glass as an integrated circuit (IC) substrate could offer better heat dissipation compared to traditional silicon or organic substrates.
Lol, yeah, was meantioned on this video
And also better for transparency :)
@@tkermi people just read the title of a video and straight up start writing comments before they finished the first minute of the video.
@@teekanne15 Yep 😄
Glass jokes.....heh. Love your work.
We can tell you enjoyed making this video with all the puns
Microchip Breakthrough: This New Material Will Change Everything
PLOT TWIST: it won't
I get so much information from your videos... but your puns always crack me up. Never stop! :D
would glass combine well with graphene?
Like a "zebra strip interconnect" between two 'glass panes'. One could stack up a brick of them.
No
Your glass of wine will have a whole new appeal and will make your engineer's eyes shine even more.😊
Diamond substrate would fix the fragile glass problem
Brittleness can be an issue.
Cant melt diamond.
Cutting it wouñd mske too much ridges
@@trinitemplar Cutting it? Don't they grow it on top using CVD?
Diamond are full conductor bru
GDR invented almost unbreakable glass in the 80s called superfest they replaced small sodium ions with larger potassium ions, they just put the glass for 45 minutes in a potassium nitrate bath at 450°C. Cornings gorilla glass is created with the same technique. So fragility issues are remedied rather easy
Great video
Could you do a video on the equipment manufacturer for advanced packaging for glass substrate
Thanks
Super interesting to be kept up to date with these developments & to learn how glass that humans first made over 4000 years ago is finding new applications. Lovely also how you understand & support wildlife. Our planet needs people like you who push forward technology & who use some of their rewards for this work to support the health & well being of our planet & its flora & fauna. Thank you for sharing & inspiring us all to make the future better.
What glorious paronomasia, it's a good job I saw through them🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂
Actually, let's hope it DOES shatter our expectations.
So the glass substrate can only be used as an interposer? Versus using lithographic processing to layer silicon onto it right?
I had the same question, this video seems unclear in that respect.
From my understanding, Glass is a “non crystaline solid formed by rapid melt quenching”. So could be either, both or neither. They can use quartz, silicon, and mixtures of many other materials that or conductive to resistive. It’s honestly very flexible, and less restrictive than silicon. Surprised they didn’t do it sooner. Probably just due manufacturing speed and profit limitations, as business does its entropic dance.
I could imagine doing something like SOI, Silicon on Insulator, where the glass is the base substrate instead of a bulk wafer. I think that would have been tried by now because SOI has been around for 30 years at least.
This is possible but expensive. Growing crystalline silicon layer on top of glass substrate involves several cycles of epitaxy and grinding to get a very flat and thin layer of crystalline silicon on the surface.
This is interesting.
I’m ceramic engineer, so I can involve this project maybe
Great! I just love glass, it is literally magical. The ancients were spiritually awed at how something made from sand could end up in glorious works of cathedral art.... P.S. As an hobby, I used to do stained glass windows for my home... Spiritual, yeah, for me and mine❤
It's still silicon. Silicon is the main ingredient of glass.
Babe wake up.... Anastasi In Tech dropped a new video ❤
You shattered the glass pun ceiling in this video.
Those glass jokes really cracked me up .....
Such an interesting presentation.
Thanks.
Love the enthusiasm. Thanks!
Isn’t glass mostly Silicon? SiO2
Yeah but different molecular structure.
How are the chips fastened to the glass?
Copper plasma sputter
Fantastic presentation Anastasi!! Hopefully the glass chips works out well. Glass chips will be interesting and beneficial, I think.
모든 국가들 조심하십시오 중국 화웨이에서 산업 스파이로 인해 기술 유출 해갑니다😢
한국 삼성전자 기술 유출로 인해 23조원 손실을 보았다
People in Taiwans are used to it lol
I have been saying optical computing, including use of glass, will be the future for quite some time. In fact, I think some form of amorphous programmable glass will be best. You can basically "tune" a neural network on the glass substrate, then lock in the metamaterial surface patterns, then use light input as the signal and the output is the computed result. If you need to change the function of the chip, change the internal amorphous glass structure and you instantly have a new network that can process on different tasks.
Iam totally Glassified *goose bumps* :D What a fantastic news!
Great video explaining about the glass subtrate and you really nail with the puns!!!
I love your videos. Hardware is the foundation and future of the AI revolution. I hear of fundamental breakthroughs here. Good work!
Thank you for this insightful video. The shift to glass substrates is largely driven by the need for much tighter design rules, enabling denser redistribution layers and reducing parasitic effects-key factors in achieving better 3D IC integration at high frequencies
Love your videos. Will there be advantages to home computing, besides the high end AI chips?
Valuble info. Thanks for the fill-in. Dan Blatecky USA
You forgot to put the link to the X profile in the description... 😉
Love this in-depth analysis and update on this amazing new development in silicon chip /processing fab technology. One question though, for at least 10 or 20 years I recall silicon on insulator being commonplace at high end for high-speed communications and maybe even photonics applications. How is this very different than that SOI technology and white only now has it come to APUs/CPUs? I'm guessing so I was only good for small-scale things like LEDs or I've been with transistors maybe, and not systems on a chip integration on the insulating substrate.
Very informative and explanatory video. Thanks Anastasi you keep us (old engineers) sync with forthcoming high tech trends ❤
Would you say this technology would allow nvidia or other chip makers to achieve a bigger leap than what we've seen in the last year? Like for example h100 to blackwell.
Guess this gives new meaning to the phrase "Smart Glass"
I'm glad I clicked on this video. The content was filled with such great information I stayed glued to the video.
Re-watch in process after this post!
Thanks for the clarity! (love the puns)
Wow, really insightful. Definitely will push next gen of chiplets
Thanks for your very clear explenation 😜
Why now all these advantages had known for fifty years
Thanks for anther very informative video
love the puns intended to make us laugh 😂
I came here for the news and the puns 😄
love your videos! you are amazing.
Brilliant, thanks for the learning.
Love the video so many puns.
thank you for informative video
thank thanks for everything
Loving the transition to 4K ❤
I'll have a glass or two, but only at christmas and birthdays or special celebrations, am off the stuff otherwise :P
I had some window panes once. 🤪
So glass breaks?
"Flat" shortens the distance between a and b vastly!... more predictable..
That's what I say every time I make a pool shot. But I still find myself 'teleporting' some shots... ua-cam.com/video/CidLWluojtw/v-deo.html
really cool. curious about how this will interact with the glass/sand shortage
This will consume a small fraction of the sand used in making windows, concrete, fracking and other things.
1:11 is it cerebras WSE-1 😮, you don't need to flex like that 😢😂
Wont the glass substrates be more at risk of breaking? Like, it's bad enough if you drop your phone and crack the screen but imagine dropping your phone and the SoC physically shatters!
So are the current chips, they're encapsulated for protection.
Silicon is way more fragile than glass and there isn't a problem with chips shattering now. First it is all encapsulated in a tough package material and second the chips in something like a phone are tiny so far less prone to shock stresses.
Remember Star Trek in the 60s when they used crystals for computer chips?
I think the crystals were for memory, not processing.
And for storage, we already have the holographic data storage on glass, which can last at least for 50 years without degradation.
We already use crystals for our computer chips. We just slice and dice them into very thin wafers and chiplets.
So why haven't they transitioned earlier if glass is so good. What are the problems glass brings to the table that limited the adoption?
Isn't it obvious? It's brittle, doesn't take much to break glass.
On the larger node sizes, it would not have been cost efficient. The "rougher" Silicon subs were good enough, and that means less costly production. This is on par with the newer, smaller nodes. We are in Angstroms now, so it really is kind of required to have a smoother substrate than previous, larger node form factors. That is just an uneducated lay person guess, btw.
Replace all plastic bottles with glass and we can save the world too.
I like glass bottles, but calculate the energy needed to produce one. Degradable plastic is the answer.
@@tech477 at the end of the day its not worth the health risks to humans and all other animals. Unless of course you mean hemp based plastic.
In Future we will use Titan Crystals...but perhaps in 50 years
Or maybe transparent aluminium
@@Humbulla93 unfortunately Censorship delete my Answer
@@Viertelfranzose I feel that. happens to me a lot even using normal inconspicuous words
Hi Anastasi (and community). Do you by chance have any references discussing the 650 x 650 mm wafers (or equipment concerning) that they are using at 5:05? I am trying to learn more about this. Thanks!
Edit: Additionally, I'm looking for info on what exposure technologies are being used. And what are the current CD limits for the 650 mm glass substrates. Thanks!
Corning Glass will prob. Figure it out. Please mention what they are doing if any. They make all the best glass in the world
Going out on a limb..........Metallic glass could be interposed as a ground (-) stability layer between the (glass-polymer-glass) sub-strait.
going even further out...........(Glass-polymer-metalic glass- poymer-glass) could be stacked and held a different potentials by the metallic glass layers!!! But that's just wish full fantasy......
4D and 5D... omg.. pls not. Stacking 3D will still be 3D. Who is considering this? Murricans?
Many MOSFET devices have internally connected Zener diodes on the gates to reduce the chance of static damage to the gate. the most useful characteristic of a Zener diode is a constant voltage drop under conditions of varying current. The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the flow of current in a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the flow of current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.
FETs are also known as unipolar transistors since they involve single-carrier-type operation. That is, FETs use either electrons (n-channel) or holes (p-channel) as charge carriers in their operation, but not both. Many different types of field effect transistors exist. Field effect transistors generally display very high input impedance at low frequencies. The most widely used field-effect transistor is the MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor).
Using glass as an insulator is good until it gets a crack in it because a static charge will find the path of least resistance through the cracks rendering 99.9% of the rest of the Non cracked glass insulator useless.
This is not a new technology Anastasi, this is widely available information in the world of us FCC Amateur Extra licensed radio operators and commercial radio and radar endorsed operators as well.
I like your enthusiasm on the tech subjects though.
If the substrate is glass microfluidic heat pipes can be etched/embedded in it to provide unmatched heat transfer away from the die.
There are different formulations of "glass" but Silicon Dioxide is a pretty good description of the principle ingredient. And don't chips have a layer of SiO2 as a passivation layer?
Breakthrough Breakthrough blah blah yet we only get marginal improvements each generation of cpus
Superfest glass was invented in the 1970s by east Germany, maybe it could be used for this. 🤓😎
Great video as always, Anastasi. 💗
Since 2010... I quite suspected the ultimate microchip by far will be at least 99.99% glass mainly because of RGB LEDs, finally!
I really hope chips will get much faster as I want 4k real-time raytracing in a cheap PC.
in the future you will just have a glass cube being twatted by lasers or summit lol xD
I am sure that The Corning Glass Company could have a lot to offer here, especially in regards to making a thin glass wafer tough enough to handle the manufacturing processes. Another potential issue with glass is differential heating across the surface of a large chip; This could also be an issue with cracking during operation of the chip. Again, Corning Glass has a lot of experience in mitigating the problems of this type of thermal stress.
well, a glass chip sound great...
* chip get's dropped during transport *
I've been stuffing bigger chips for years, usually with battered cod 😜
Can you please tell us more about graphene vs glass substrate?
What about China and carbon nanotubes chips ?
The show Eureka on the syfy channel showed logic diamonds on a chip almost 20 years ago it's interesting to see companies experimenting with it now.
yes but.. what about glass fragile. what happen if glass fall... broke?
Glass is strong or fragile ?
'Chips' are getting so big they'll have to be called plates, fields, city-blocks, countries, dwarf planets, solar-systems, galaxies... ;-)
So that picture of the Cosmic Microwave Background must be the Big Chip, aka the Universe. Therefore TSMC has a long way to go...
Thank you Anastasi. Great video. May be the glass would be our answer to CPU, GPU and RAM, ROM memories developing ( and light computing).
5:09 650x650 mm is square not rectangular, yes? Or is it the rectangular chips are fabricated on square runs?
Very interesting and educational video. Thank you! If you do not mind, would you dive into more details of multi-layer substrate technique with all glass substrates? I got a lot of questions such as how make conductor pattern (vertically and horizontally) which is currently done by plating? Do glass substrates use ABF as layer-to-layer insulator? if it uses ABF, how does CTF gap absorbed?
Wow I thought they were already using glass me dumb