Very good, nice details here that I haven't seen elsewhere. 1.) SPIN pipe fitting to spread the flux around the pipe evenly. 2.) Form the end of the FLUX into a HOOK shape. 3.) If EXCESS FLUX RUNS DOWN a vertical pipe while heating it, I can carefully WIPE the excess FLUX OFF the copper pipe -> BEFORE applying solder. 4.) Copper turns whitish and flame turns green means it’s ready to accept solder.
Another tip, if you are soldering 1/2" pipe, then bend the solder into an L shape at 1/2", solder until the L leg is gone. Same with 3/4". So I guess still use a hook shape, but make a small bend at 1/2" or 3/4" to approximate the correct amount of solder to use!
I've been waiting nearly six months for the plumber to turn up, so now I find myself at the mercy of youtube. Found this/you and I'm already to put on my big boy pants. I hate plumbing, always avoided it, but now I'm all out of choices 🤦🏼♂️
Hi FreeFinca, Love to hear you giving it a go! Honestly its not as hard as it looks, practice makes perfect and don't worry if you put too much solder on, remember the tip of your torch will be hot so don't put that down on the carpet or touch it! Hope that helps, let me know how you get on and if you haven't already don't forget to like and subscribe! 💪
Hi Marky, Love comments like this, thanks for the positivity and good work on the carpentry, any trade is difficult to master so good for you, Ive got loads of videos planned so if you havnt already, don't forget to like and subscribe 👍
Hi London Mick, thanks for your kind words and taking the time to write a nice comment. If you haven't already please like and subscribe to my page as it really helps.
The number one video to watch I am now ready to start learning to solder going out and buying all the kid after watching this particular UA-cam video well done mate absolutely in-depth
Number one thing is CLEAN, Clean, clean, I once seen someone use their finger to apply the flux and it didn't work out well! Yes!, it had pin hole leaks! The oil in your skin will contaminate the solder fitting! I always use a new acid brush on each job, they are not expensive. Also getting the fitting to hot will cause problem too!
Thanks Richard Scott, USE FINGERS TO APPLY THE FLUX!??? What on earth!? Does he have any fingers left? Im not surprised it didn't work but interesting point about the oil in our skin, I think I'll use your comment in our top comment of the week for our next live chat and touch on these points.
You can clean the pipe / re-use the pipe but cleaning the elbows will be a nightmare so I would recommend just going down the local merchants and buying a couple for the sake of a couple of quid. Hope that helps :)
Hi pal. Is best use a damp cloth to cool down pipe after soldering or some plumbers I've seen,, tend to use flux with a brush and cool it down.... What's you opinion on that? with
Hi Moeen Ahmed, thanks for the comment, In college they teach you not to do this, the reason is because if you cool the solder down too quickly it will fracture and when pressurised it will leak. For me in the experienced world where we need to get on the job, I find leaving the pipe to cool itself for around 2 minutes then putting a damp cloth on works fine, but always be prepared when pressuring the system. Lastly I would not use flux on a brush to cool it down, flux is corrosive and will eat away at the copper over time if not 100% cleaned off properly. Hope that helps and don't forget to like and subscribe if you haven't already.
Great video - thank you for uploading. I will be attempting this myself in the next couple of weeks as I am taking on a bit of DIY and having never done this, I now feel a little more confident. Just a quick question - I noticed you dabbed a small amount of solder on the joint - does it easily flow round the pipe and create the seal? Are you able to see the solder? I was going to buy some excess pipe and fittings and do a couple of test runs in the garage to make sure I can get it right.
Thanks Missis Miggins for the comment, I’ve since upgraded my Camera to an 4K ultra HD just for your viewing pleasure so check out my other videos and if you havnt already, don’t forget to like and subscriiiiibe! 👍
Hi Nick! When you do the professional solder, it looked like you used just a very small amount of solder (less than 1/2 inch). Is this true? Curious because the rule-of-thumb is to use 1/2 inch solder on 1/2 inch pipe. Which is more important: 1. Create ring of solder around joint with minimum solder (less than 1/2 inch), or 2. Create ring of solder around joint using full 1/2 inch of solder? Tia!
I noticed this little bit of solder as well. I'm an apprentice plumber and the plumber I work for, and every other plumber I've seen solder copper, use more solder than that. I mean it isn't much more but I would say its about a half inch or so for each joint. And a little more for 3/4" pipe and so on.
Yes this is the professional way to solder. I often watch so called professional plumbers on YT and it's amazing how many of them totally plaster the joint with solder. Many of them also plunge the solder into the flame so as to melt it. You heat the joint and then offer the solder up to the joint. This guy is rare.
I have been really struggling with soldering but as soon as I kept the heat gun strong rather than the recommended low heat it was easy. Why is this? I started a plumbing course a month ago and they recommend a low heat.
Maybe you just learn different bubba. My grandmother used to cook everything on the highest heat on the stove and still her food was better than everyone else, and no one knew why!
Hi Honolulu 147, thanks for watching the video and taking the time to comment. Realistically you can use any type of brush depending on whether your a DIY’er or a professional aslong as you get the flux on the copper pipe. Try searching flux brush and this will give you some suggestions. Hope that helps and if you haven’t already don’t forget to Like and Subscriiiiibbe!
Hi Jay, thanks for your kind words and taking the time to write a nice comment. If you haven't already please like and subscribe to my page as it really helps.
Mr Dickson, Thanks for the constructive advice, Ive recently upgraded my UA-cam studio and have much better quality 4K HD camera with far superior sound quality, Just for you I'll do a new video about this in a few weeks time! Check out my channel and If you haven't already, don't forget to like and subscribe!
I'd put a little more solder on the pipes. Using an 1/8 of an inch won't cut it on 3/8+ pipes. I heard the rule is 1 inch pipe, 1 inch of solder and so on. Using that little can work, but I wouldn't risk it.
That’s just a VERY loose estimation and in most cases will work for 1/2-1” pipe. But it’s really depends on how tight the pipe and fittings are, new vs. reused pipe ect.
I was thinking the same. Just a tap of solder might look nice, but Id like to see that joint with water pressure inside it. Or better yet, slice the test joint in half and see the fitting wont be completely covered with solder inside
I start on my pipped first to make sure that pipe inside that fitting is hot enough to take the solder.Then I apply the heat to the opposite side of the fitting that I am applying the solder to.This my friend guarantees that when that solder goes up that pipe and up the fitting everything is hot enough for that solder to equally go both on pipe and fitting in a u inform manner .one drop of solder one snotty drop I had to rip my pipework out.Park lane 1 job .Ask any plumber on there.
Hi Lonut Virlan, thanks for the comment, I’m pleased to see your thinking ‘outside the box’ when it comes to expansion and contraction, I’ve been doing it this way everyday for the last 9 years and never had a problem.
Damn I thought you were supposed to apply enough solder that it runs down all over the place. I have been using way too much solder. Thanks for the video.
Completely wrong, that's not enough solder at all. First thing they teach you at the plumbers pipe fitting union is you should use 1/2" worth of solder for 1/2" pipe and 3/4" solder 3/4" pipe ECT. I love it when people watch these plumbing videos and do what the person tells them on the video and then they call me out and it ends up costing them double. Because they have a leak at every joint.
I wouldn’t be too bothered about that “splodge” of solder on the fitting, it’s the 3” run of solder running down from the vertical fitting which is bad to see.
Way too hot!! Heated the fitting first, which is why it was a cold solder joint. Tip was too big and when you saw the flux running, it was really to solder, after you heat the PIPE first!!!
Things you should be taught by yer journeyman wiping excess flux off b4 soldering first thing told. Saying that we used yorkies wi the solder in not the cheap end feeds. Boss wanted some to be sure no leaks. Used to get end feeds on bg jobs str in scrap bag🤣🤣🤣
This video is really quiet. Not a massive problem for most people, but for people with hearing loss, like moi, too quiet to hear. Looks like a cool vid though.
Hi Moto55, thanks for taking the time to to give me constructive feedback, may I ask what device your listening from? I’m finding on a whole this video is fine but having some issues with volume which I need to resolve. I’ve recently upgraded my camera, sound and even have my own UA-cam studio so check out my recent videos and if you haven’t already, don’t forget to like ans subscribe! 🙌
Hi Jez Tickles, Thanks for the comment, Years in the trade and its never let me down and never flooded anyones house either 🤣, there is some truth in your comment, if you over heat the joint the flux will burn out, no flux = no solder being sucked in = flooded house 😂, what I would suggest to anyone learning the trade is when heating the joint, keep touching the solder to the opposite side of the joint to where the flame is heating, do this every 5 seconds or so and when the solder melts and sucks into the joint = perfect temperature for soldering, keep doing this and overtime you'll perfect the technique. If you haven't already don't forget to like and subscribe 👍
Hi,I have watched American soldering videos and initially couldn't work out what they were saying..sodder.. In the UK , Australia and here in New Zealand we pronounce it as solder not sodder. There are probably more Commonwealth countries too where it is pronounced the same way it is spelt. Cheers. Dave.
@lxmzhg, You must be an American because that's the only country I know that does NOT pronounce the L! Please don't tell us how to speak out own language. And don't get me started on herbs!
Hi Daleon96, thanks for the comment and no disrespect taken, everyone has an opinion, in my defence I’ve been doing it this way everyday for 9 years and never had a problem.
No disrespect, but anyone can say/write that, and you were either too lazy or too ignorant to actually tell us the correct way. In other words, your post is worth... phųk all.
'Two types of people,' situation - some only want to try and help others - our dear friend in this video; others just complain and make no useful contribution to the conversation.
@daleon96 No disrespect, but could you help us out here - a video from you would really help, but stopping short of that could you expand on your comment so we can learn from you too, please?
Very good, nice details here that I haven't seen elsewhere. 1.) SPIN pipe fitting to spread the flux around the pipe evenly. 2.) Form the end of the FLUX into a HOOK shape. 3.) If EXCESS FLUX RUNS DOWN a vertical pipe while heating it, I can carefully WIPE the excess FLUX OFF the copper pipe -> BEFORE applying solder. 4.) Copper turns whitish and flame turns green means it’s ready to accept solder.
Superb tutorial. Comfortably the clearest and most comprehensive that I've seen on UA-cam. Great work.
Excellent explication sir started using silver solder on refrigeration pipes your video helped me a lot thank you sir 👍👌
Thank you for the postivity 🤟
Very good, nice details here that I haven't seen elsewhere. 1.) SPIN pipe fitting to spread the flux around the pipe evenly. 2.) Form the end of the FLUX into a HOOK shape. 3.) If EXCESS FLUX RUNS DOWN a vertical pipe while heating it, I can carefully WIPE the
excess FLUX OFF the copper pipe -> BEFORE applying solder. 4.) Copper turns whitish and flame turns green means it’s ready to accept solder.
Hi Mika Tala, Love this! Check out our other videos and if you haven't already don't forget to like and subscribe!
Thanks for the Highlight!!
Another tip, if you are soldering 1/2" pipe, then bend the solder into an L shape at 1/2", solder until the L leg is gone. Same with 3/4". So I guess still use a hook shape, but make a small bend at 1/2" or 3/4" to approximate the correct amount of solder to use!
I've been waiting nearly six months for the plumber to turn up, so now I find myself at the mercy of youtube. Found this/you and I'm already to put on my big boy pants.
I hate plumbing, always avoided it, but now I'm all out of choices 🤦🏼♂️
Hi FreeFinca, Love to hear you giving it a go! Honestly its not as hard as it looks, practice makes perfect and don't worry if you put too much solder on, remember the tip of your torch will be hot so don't put that down on the carpet or touch it! Hope that helps, let me know how you get on and if you haven't already don't forget to like and subscribe! 💪
@@NickTaylorPlumbingLtd No carpets and I'm a dab hand at a bit of fire related activities 👍🏻
This is actually a great video. You should carry on
Thanks Great Vid!! Very complete information. Most how to solder videos don't go into the flame adjustment and you fine Sir did!! Thanks
I love it! Thank you! Also thanks for taking the time to write a positive comment
Brilliant demo mate, thanks
Good evening, very informative.
Thanks AdamSithebe. Thanks for taking the time to write a positive feedback 🌟🤩❤️
Thank you so much for this tutorial. Your tips have improved my work no end. Im a carpenter so an amateur plumber at best
Hi Marky, Love comments like this, thanks for the positivity and good work on the carpentry, any trade is difficult to master so good for you, Ive got loads of videos planned so if you havnt already, don't forget to like and subscribe 👍
@@NickTaylorPlumbingLtd already subscribed my friend... 😊
@@Marky.H f
CLEAN soldering, I like that!
Good stuff. I've been doing this for years and never knew this.
Excellent. Very professional.
Absolutely brilliant 👏 great video mate first time watching your content, very well explained and very detailed keep them comeing 😊😊
Hi London Mick, thanks for your kind words and taking the time to write a nice comment. If you haven't already please like and subscribe to my page as it really helps.
The number one video to watch I am now ready to start learning to solder going out and buying all the kid after watching this particular UA-cam video well done mate absolutely in-depth
You need to show the Yanks Yorkshire fittings as I think they will really impress them! 😀
Great video and great information
Thank you, this was really helpful for improving my technique 👍🏼
excellent video. thanks for the tips.
Number one thing is CLEAN, Clean, clean, I once seen someone use their finger to apply the flux and it didn't work out well! Yes!, it had pin hole leaks! The oil in your skin will contaminate the solder fitting! I always use a new acid brush on each job, they are not expensive. Also getting the fitting to hot will cause problem too!
Thanks Richard Scott, USE FINGERS TO APPLY THE FLUX!??? What on earth!? Does he have any fingers left? Im not surprised it didn't work but interesting point about the oil in our skin, I think I'll use your comment in our top comment of the week for our next live chat and touch on these points.
Great video thank you so much
I love it! Thank you! Also thanks for taking the time to write a positive comment
I have to change a few half-inch copper pipes. Is it possible to un-solder the elbows, clean and re-solder them? Or is that not practical?
You can clean the pipe / re-use the pipe but cleaning the elbows will be a nightmare so I would recommend just going down the local merchants and buying a couple for the sake of a couple of quid. Hope that helps :)
Thanks for the video! Seems like many plumbers today are turning to ProPress fittings now and abandoning soldering!
Nothing like creating future work for yourself! 😂
Great video. And advice
Is there any way to know whether it's a solid, leak free joint before applying water pressure?
Not really just experience. If you follow al these steps it’s difficult to mess up
Air test
Id say his joint in the video will leak. A "tap" or 1/8" of solder isnt enough under pressure
Hi pal. Is best use a damp cloth to cool down pipe after soldering or some plumbers I've seen,, tend to use flux with a brush and cool it down.... What's you opinion on that? with
Hi Moeen Ahmed, thanks for the comment, In college they teach you not to do this, the reason is because if you cool the solder down too quickly it will fracture and when pressurised it will leak.
For me in the experienced world where we need to get on the job, I find leaving the pipe to cool itself for around 2 minutes then putting a damp cloth on works fine, but always be prepared when pressuring the system.
Lastly I would not use flux on a brush to cool it down, flux is corrosive and will eat away at the copper over time if not 100% cleaned off properly. Hope that helps and don't forget to like and subscribe if you haven't already.
Are the elbows and tees a little loose before you solder? I bought some fittings that feel to lose to me.
Shouldn't you clean the inside if the fittings as well?
How about using flux with tin, it will provide a proper join with minimal solder?
Great video - thank you for uploading. I will be attempting this myself in the next couple of weeks as I am taking on a bit of DIY and having never done this, I now feel a little more confident. Just a quick question - I noticed you dabbed a small amount of solder on the joint - does it easily flow round the pipe and create the seal? Are you able to see the solder? I was going to buy some excess pipe and fittings and do a couple of test runs in the garage to make sure I can get it right.
Oatey 95/5 solder, is it good for soldering aircon piping?
Tin antimony 95/5? Too weak for high pressure lines. I like to use a fluxless silver solder and have had perfect results for 30 years now.
@@shawnsmith9512 thank you very much for your reply
So you apply solder to only one spot and that spreads it around the whole diameter of the pipe?
Yes capillary attraction makes it run around the joint
A+ for the audio! Didn't notice anything about deburring either.
Thanks Missis Miggins for the comment, I’ve since upgraded my Camera to an 4K ultra HD just for your viewing pleasure so check out my other videos and if you havnt already, don’t forget to like and subscriiiiibe! 👍
Great job.
Thank you very much !Nick!
My pleasure! If you haven't already don't forget to like and subscribe :)
Move the flame around the pipe soo you don't have to burn it so bad
Thank you
Hi Nick! When you do the professional solder, it looked like you used just a very small amount of solder (less than 1/2 inch). Is this true? Curious because the rule-of-thumb is to use 1/2 inch solder on 1/2 inch pipe. Which is more important: 1. Create ring of solder around joint with minimum solder (less than 1/2 inch), or 2. Create ring of solder around joint using full 1/2 inch of solder? Tia!
I noticed this little bit of solder as well. I'm an apprentice plumber and the plumber I work for, and every other plumber I've seen solder copper, use more solder than that. I mean it isn't much more but I would say its about a half inch or so for each joint. And a little more for 3/4" pipe and so on.
@@dontcomply5008 - thanks for the info! I'm a DIYer and I can't afford any mistakes as I live on the 2nd floor of a condo.
@@shawnsmith5028 damn! Well just remember to cut the water off to the building !!!
Yes this is the professional way to solder. I often watch so called professional plumbers on YT and it's amazing how many of them totally plaster the joint with solder. Many of them also plunge the solder into the flame so as to melt it. You heat the joint and then offer the solder up to the joint. This guy is rare.
@@dontcomply5008 p
Brilliant.
I love it! Thank you!
I have been really struggling with soldering but as soon as I kept the heat gun strong rather than the recommended low heat it was easy. Why is this? I started a plumbing course a month ago and they recommend a low heat.
Maybe you just learn different bubba. My grandmother used to cook everything on the highest heat on the stove and still her food was better than everyone else, and no one knew why!
What kind of brush do you use to flux ?
Hi Honolulu 147, thanks for watching the video and taking the time to comment. Realistically you can use any type of brush depending on whether your a DIY’er or a professional aslong as you get the flux on the copper pipe.
Try searching flux brush and this will give you some suggestions.
Hope that helps and if you haven’t already don’t forget to Like and Subscriiiiibbe!
I use laco.only ever used that flux once before
I like the steel wool, that's better than using sandpaper.
I thought your ment to deburr the inner part of pipe
great vid
Hi Jay, thanks for your kind words and taking the time to write a nice comment. If you haven't already please like and subscribe to my page as it really helps.
You almost lost me because the volume too low. Went back and watched with my volume wayyy up high so I could hear. NICE INFORMATIVE CONTENT!
Mr Dickson, Thanks for the constructive advice, Ive recently upgraded my UA-cam studio and have much better quality 4K HD camera with far superior sound quality, Just for you I'll do a new video about this in a few weeks time! Check out my channel and If you haven't already, don't forget to like and subscribe!
I'd put a little more solder on the pipes. Using an 1/8 of an inch won't cut it on 3/8+ pipes. I heard the rule is 1 inch pipe, 1 inch of solder and so on. Using that little can work, but I wouldn't risk it.
Don't try that on larger pipe
That’s just a VERY loose estimation and in most cases will work for 1/2-1” pipe. But it’s really depends on how tight the pipe and fittings are, new vs. reused pipe ect.
I was thinking the same. Just a tap of solder might look nice, but Id like to see that joint with water pressure inside it.
Or better yet, slice the test joint in half and see the fitting wont be completely covered with solder inside
Why don't most plumbers use solder ring fittings? Is it just down to cost?
I start on my pipped first to make sure that pipe inside that fitting is hot enough to take the solder.Then I apply the heat to the opposite side of the fitting that I am applying the solder to.This my friend guarantees that when that solder goes up that pipe and up the fitting everything is hot enough for that solder to equally go both on pipe and fitting in a u inform manner .one drop of solder one snotty drop I had to rip my pipework out.Park lane 1 job .Ask any plumber on there.
once you put hot water in the fittings they will leak from expansion, you need way more solder
Hi Lonut Virlan, thanks for the comment, I’m pleased to see your thinking ‘outside the box’ when it comes to expansion and contraction, I’ve been doing it this way everyday for the last 9 years and never had a problem.
Damn I thought you were supposed to apply enough solder that it runs down all over the place. I have been using way too much solder. Thanks for the video.
I'm not sure if this video would work , because it look like he applied not enough solder.
Completely wrong, that's not enough solder at all. First thing they teach you at the plumbers pipe fitting union is you should use 1/2" worth of solder for 1/2" pipe and 3/4" solder 3/4" pipe ECT. I love it when people watch these plumbing videos and do what the person tells them on the video and then they call me out and it ends up costing them double. Because they have a leak at every joint.
😂😂😂 thanks for your opinion. Works fine for me over the last 10 years
I wouldn’t be too bothered about that “splodge” of solder on the fitting, it’s the 3” run of solder running down from the vertical fitting which is bad to see.
Way too hot!! Heated the fitting first, which is why it was a cold solder joint. Tip was too big and when you saw the flux running, it was really to solder, after you heat the PIPE first!!!
Things you should be taught by yer journeyman wiping excess flux off b4 soldering first thing told. Saying that we used yorkies wi the solder in not the cheap end feeds. Boss wanted some to be sure no leaks. Used to get end feeds on bg jobs str in scrap bag🤣🤣🤣
Just checked my copper pipes out side my boiler.A few big blops and running solder.Crap work by a so called plumber.
MAPP gas as we know/knew it doesn’t exist anymore, at least in the states.
Wowza so what do you use? Propane?
@@NickTaylorPlumbingLtdyes it’s Propane basically or butane. Depends on what area of the US you are in. Good Video Mate!! 🙏🏽🙌🏼
You forgot to mention cleaning inside of ffitting and always have respirator with map it is a cause of prostate cancer
Shouldn't you clean the fitting too?
Yes you should
This video is really quiet. Not a massive problem for most people, but for people with hearing loss, like moi, too quiet to hear. Looks like a cool vid though.
You forgot to deburr the pipe
He didn't cut it. It was new from Bunnings.
forgot to deburr the pipes
Volume so low can't hear.
Hi Moto55, thanks for taking the time to to give me constructive feedback, may I ask what device your listening from? I’m finding on a whole this video is fine but having some issues with volume which I need to resolve.
I’ve recently upgraded my camera, sound and even have my own UA-cam studio so check out my recent videos and if you haven’t already, don’t forget to like ans subscribe! 🙌
Too hot… discolouration on copper
Too much flux… running everywhere
Hi Jez Tickles, Thanks for the comment, Years in the trade and its never let me down and never flooded anyones house either 🤣, there is some truth in your comment, if you over heat the joint the flux will burn out, no flux = no solder being sucked in = flooded house 😂, what I would suggest to anyone learning the trade is when heating the joint, keep touching the solder to the opposite side of the joint to where the flame is heating, do this every 5 seconds or so and when the solder melts and sucks into the joint = perfect temperature for soldering, keep doing this and overtime you'll perfect the technique.
If you haven't already don't forget to like and subscribe
👍
@@NickTaylorPlumbingLtd Yes, but on tap of solder on the top pipe , as in the video, isnt enough. That roll of solder will last you a lifetime
very weak audio
Headphones.
I don't loke leeks
The 'L' in 'solder' is silent, i.e., 'solder' is pronounced sŏd′ər (sodder).
Hi,I have watched American soldering videos and initially couldn't work out what they were saying..sodder.. In the UK , Australia and here in New Zealand we pronounce it as solder not sodder. There are probably more Commonwealth countries too where it is pronounced the same way it is spelt. Cheers. Dave.
@lxmzhg, You must be an American because that's the only country I know that does NOT pronounce the L! Please don't tell us how to speak out own language. And don't get me started on herbs!
Totally over heated the joint
No disrespect, but that's not how you want to solder a pipe...
Hi Daleon96, thanks for the comment and no disrespect taken, everyone has an opinion, in my defence I’ve been doing it this way everyday for 9 years and never had a problem.
No disrespect, but anyone can say/write that, and you were either too lazy or too ignorant to actually tell us the correct way. In other words, your post is worth... phųk all.
Love the example giving with comment😅😅 tfoh
'Two types of people,' situation - some only want to try and help others - our dear friend in this video; others just complain and make no useful contribution to the conversation.
@daleon96 No disrespect, but could you help us out here - a video from you would really help, but stopping short of that could you expand on your comment so we can learn from you too, please?
REALLY GOOD TEACHING. MY VOLUME SOUND WAS DIALED ALL THE WAY UP ON HIGH. BUT I COULD BARELY HEAR YOU. PEACE SHALOM ADONIA!
Thanks Great Vid!! Very complete information. Most how to solder videos don't go into the flame adjustment and you fine Sir did!! Thanks
Very good, nice details here that I haven't seen elsewhere. 1.) SPIN pipe fitting to spread the flux around the pipe evenly. 2.) Form the end of the FLUX into a HOOK shape. 3.) If EXCESS FLUX RUNS DOWN a vertical pipe while heating it, I can carefully WIPE the
excess FLUX OFF the copper pipe -> BEFORE applying solder. 4.) Copper turns whitish and flame turns green means it’s ready to accept solder.