Is This How The Inca Walls Were FINISHED/JOINED So Perfectly?
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- Опубліковано 8 бер 2019
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Inca masonry is highly regarded as some of the most advanced stone work on the planet, especially as it was done by an ancient culture who we’re generally taught only had access to primitive tools and building methods, it’s no wonder why even the top reseachers and scientists around the world are still scratching their heads about how these stones were cut and fit together so perfectly and uniquely. The stone work is truly mezmirising to look at, every block being individually shaped and cut to fit the ones surrounding it, where not a pin, a piece of paper, or a razor blade could be squeezed in the joints, it’s like an elegantly perfect megalithic jigsaw puzzle. The material used for the blocks ranges from limestone in mainly foundation contructions, to granite and andesite which would usually be used for the more prominent constructions or widely visible walls. Some of the most notable places featuring this architecture include Machu Picchu, Sacsayhuaman and Ollantaytambo in Peru.
There's also evidence that this architecture could have been constructed around 1,200-800bc as there is radiocarbon dating showing occupation from around that time found in Machu Picchu, so I will cover if the Inca's even built these walls in one of my next video's.
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Paper by Helmut Trebutsch - www.academia.edu/37497925/On_...
Seismic resistant features - epod.usra.edu/blog/2013/05/se...
Ancient.eu - www.ancient.eu/Inca_Civilizat...
Radio carbon dating Machu Picchu - www.researchgate.net/publicat...
#PolygonalWalls #IncaWalls #PeruvianWalls
Just to clear a couple of things up:
- They MAY be from more ancient civilisation, that was a mistake on my part sorry as there is radiocarbon dating evidence from 1200bc-800bc as well as Inca period, I've linked the paper in the description, don't know why I forgot that lol, I'm only human!
- I don't think at all that this is how they cut blocks, im just referring to using this acidic paste to finish and perfect the joints after the stone being already roughly cut in shape possibly, which could still be viable even if it was from a more ancient culture.
Lookup Wayne Herschel(UA-cam ) to know the truth about our ancestors.
After a rough cut.. an acidic slurry worked perfectly to join them all together tightly? It all sounds good on paper... acid isnt a particulary precise ertching and cutting instrument.. how did the acid know not to etch too deeply into the stone? I think its a bit of a reach without practical evidence.. this is 100% testable... so get in with the tests
and Pyrite if and that’s a big if
@@swish1onu The stones would have to be laid one at a time and left to settle before the next stone could be laid. Otherwise the vertical joints would not be tight. So many ways that this method would not work.
Wow. There’s a pretty high woo factor in these comments.
I've been to Egypt and seen the pyramids, and to Cusco and Machu Picchu. The structures and materials are different, yet many of the same techniques were employed. In all cases, it's only the visible front surfaces that are sculpted and fitted with precision. All other surfaces are rough and unfinished. In Cusco and the pyramids in Egypt you can see how rough things were on the back sides. Totally unfinished. To make the finishing stones sit in proper orientation with the others behind and to the sides of them, they used a form of concrete made from the rock chips and some form of binding agent. When it came to matching edges on the visible front surfaces, various techniques, or combination of techniques, were used. In Egypt, a local showed us how easy it was to shape granite. They just rub a large granite rock with a smaller hand-held granite rock. The nodules of granite rub away at a very high rate. Don't know how they did limestone, but rubbing was also likely the way it was done. They'd get things to match up as close as possible, set them in place with their concrete, then make a crack filler mixture using granite or limestone dust and some binding agent. This would be pushed into the cracks and formed, then left to harden. Probably more interesting than the actual fitting of the stones themselves, was how they moved these multi-ton rocks around as they were being worked. That's the REAL mystery. They'd have to lift them in and out as the fitting process was taking place. They had to do this over and over until everything was sitting just right. Not an easy feat.
Can I meekly suggest a wood former may have been created and the stone shaped till it fitted the former.and the stone was then placed. Only a suggestion.
That's lies, graint on graint erosion has been tested many times, it doesn't work like that.
If you don't believe me, go rub two bricks together and let me know how long it takes for them to be gone.
Hey, with anti-grav projectors, those stones were light as a feather.
@@wgj4813 neat thought. possible, but my money is on simple leverage. Drive a wedge under the rock with a hammer, then shove a long pole in and have someone hang on the other end. With a 10 foot pole and 1' under the stone, a 200lb man could offset one ton worth of rock. That lifts the face of the rock up a few inches, so you can get your tools in there.
Following on the other person who talked about rock dust and paste being used as a filler, this would also have the effect of leaving rock dust behind under the rock, since it's mostly in place while it's being worked. So they could shove in their binder and drop the rock.
Has anyone done any experiment to see whether this theory would actually work in the real world?
There a so many theory’s about this theme,but nobody did ever build a sample wall to show that this theory is functional. That would be the only way to show the truth.
no because it doesnt answer how they moved giant fucking rocks. either this crap was built as powder {like concrete} or they were enormous highly advanced species {nephilim} take your pick.
That would prove the theory so why haven't they . because it's not the method they used
@@FraserMunroe-cx2lu Money
@@MrPurpletrucksee sacred geometry decoded channel ☝️
“Okay, guys, here’s where we drive the future researchers nuts. Get those laser cutters out of the spaceship.”
How does this explain the vertical joints that have no weight pressure ?
The joints are dressed on the front face. If you see them from the rear face, many are crude and unfinished.
Only horizontal joints have the pressure of mass on them. How can vertical joints have any pressure on them?
@@brb1050exactly, I saw a vid with a stone mason looking at these and he instantly knew how they fitted so well. Front face of a few centimetres only that met and rough hewn behind.
But they do have weight bearing horizontally. It’s a funnel effect of compression. Stones placed from the periphery first and then placed towards the center…lateral compression.
@@teeanahera8949There is pressure on the vertical face if the stones are not setting on a level surface.
the Inca themselves say they didn't do this stonework. they found it and preserved it.
Source please?
@@PanglossDr the inca themselves...my wife and I did the Inca trail. the guide told us. it is common knowledge over there...go see for yourself and ask them.....the inca revered the ancient building work. they preserved it and incorporated it into their buildings. there is numerous instances of this is Cusco....
@@PanglossDrhe's right, though I don't have a source to provide.
The stonework that the Inca did actually do can be seen in many photos of these walls. Their work is the upper layer, with smaller stones and different craftsmanship. Not as impressive as the larger, perfectly precise lower layers.
The two layers are easily distinguishable.
@@PanglossDr also, the guy who made this video has the research paper where radiocarbon dating shows that the walls are much older than the Incan period linked in the video description.
@@scottcantdance804 That has been totally debunked.
I don’t care who built it all…
I’m a carver and cabinet maker woodworker. I’ve practiced this craft for over forty years. I have to say that I cannot fit blocks of wood of these shapes with this accurately even with a CNC machine. All faces of those blocks are mating concave or convex acting like a sort of tenon or mortise. Because of those shapes all around each blocks you cannot slide a stone in or out. In cabinetry after cutting joins we test the accuracy by sliding parts one in the other until they fit. We can do this because the joints are flat, in two dimensions. Those stones are joined in THREE dimensions all around, ergo they cannot slide into place. And you have to assemble from one end to the other. If you build a circular construction with this joinery you can’t put in the last stones in without loosening all stones, put the last stones in, squeeze everything together and pray that the fit is perfect. In three dimensions, mind you…😮
Could work on settling the stone one on top of the other but, last I checked, gravity doesn't act horizontally - and yet the joints are still perfect on that direction too.
No idea how these stones were carved you’re forgetting about structural forces such as shear, bending, compression etc.
Seems this theory was not well thought out
Easy. Put the paste on the vertical face. Push the stone in, then use another stone beside it to jam it in sort of like a clamp
@@glenchapman3899 Then wait 2-3 months for the paste to corrode both of them and jam again. At this rate, the wall would still be under construction today.
@@col0342 Yes because no one would think to work on another section of the wall at the same time.
So let’s see someone use it in a sample? Hypotheses are only good if they can be tested. Otherwise, MEANINGLESS.
Exactly, pure BS.
What I find fascinating is how the edges are rounded in toward the joints, rather than just left sharp. Is there a reason for this apart from the fact that it looks nice?
It's easier.
@@campbella2796 How?
@@riverland22 If you reduce it to the basic task of fitting two stones flush against each other; making perfectly straight sides on both is twice as much work as just smoothing off one and then working on the other until it fits against the other.
Nice theory except for the fact that the top stones, without all of the weight of above stones, also fit perfectly regardless of size.
that's a non-issue. they could have put more stones on top temporarily while they "set" and take their final shape.
I agree with your hypothesis. A similar condition occurs with detrimental effects in concrete. Aggregate in concrete with a high silica content, e.g. flint, chert, quartz is adversely affected by alkali ions transported by water that infiltrates the concrete through microcracks. The water either contains Na or K which combine with OH to form alkali or the water combines with the CaO in the concrete to release OH. Upon contact with reactive aggregate, the hydroxide reacts with the aggregate in a process know as Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) or "concrete cancer" forming calcium-silicate-hydrate gel. The gel has minimal strength and expands as it absorbs water. In concrete the pressure due to expansion, cracks the concrete and the gel eventually oozes out of the fissures in the concrete. Acidic solutions may induce a similar process, and I know that hydrochloric acid is used to remove or etch concrete.
The Inca were squatters who moved-in long after the original builders moved on.
Evidence and sources please. Otherwise shut up.
@@PanglossDr The earth has been reset at minimum 6 times. You think the Incas were there first? You think THIS humanity was the first since the beginning of time to exist on earth? You don't need a source just common sense. There's gaps and I mean Mt. Everest size gaps in the human tree.
@@PanglossDr "The Inca were squatters who moved-in long after the original builders moved on". Its in their mythology, its in the book of Enoch and its in the Lost Book of Enki. If you want more references leave a comment and I could and will guide you to this material. Happy searching.
@@rxonmymind8362 Reset? That is not a scientific term. I deal in science, not fantasy.
You seem to be severely lacking common sense.
@@RKBaxter Please keep your works of fiction out of a scientific discussion.
If the Inca built those megaliths, then why did they start stacking inferior chipped rocks with mortar on top of them?
The top stones are from the Inca and the other are from older civilizations.
Most of those smaller stones were placed there just in the last couple hundred years, many within the last century even. There is extensive photographic evidence showing what the site looked like before more modern efforts of simply placing those smaller blocks. Take a look at the world of antiquity channel when he hosts Vincent lee and talks about the fact that those smaller stones were placed there in modern times and that many old photos exist in a variety of academic texts
@@multiplayerlegendgamer3617
Wrong, "TheLosrodi" explains it perfectly.
Mortar on megalithic stone walls ,that's a FAKE ! Commited and photographed !
A lot of structures were ripped down by the Spanish and newer structures built on top of what was left
4:03: ahhhh. Finally, a UA-cam presenter who knows, and utilizes, the difference between theory and hypothesis! THANK YOU. As for this particular hypothesis, while it might help explain the joints between the blocks we are still left with an ancient civilization cutting, and then moving among mountains, and then cutting again to perfectly fit, GRANITE blocks as large as 25x17x3 feet and weighing upwards of 130 tons. Hypothetically using only manual labor and/or animal labor.
Even if the acid mud helps the rock fit tightly, the real question is how did they move, into place, multi-ton rocks? Thank you for sharing your thoughts…from east Tennessee.
This is a fantastic idea, but I won't be convinced until I see a video of someone replicating the technique.
Great video editing and narration by the way.
seems like a great idea also and with just a small recreation will confirm it...agree
The pyramid in Bosnia which is not yet fully acknowledged by the archaeological establishment but which I believe is real is made of concrete blocks that have been analyzed and leaves between them carbon dated to 29,000 years old. These blocks have been shown to be made of concrete that is harder than the best concrete we use today and more water resistant.
@@harrowgateguy ''carbonated''?
If only we had a primitive society that did stone work. We could study their methods. People probably worked stone buy jept trade secrets secret. When these select few people died, their techniques died with them. Now we think it's some far fetched readon.
Ditto! It needs experimental testing.
Until someone actually constructs a similar wall or building, it will remain a mystery.
My theory is that the stones were lapped in place, rough cut then placed on the wall and lapped with sand until all surfaces in contact are worked or lapped to a fitted finish, that also explains why some sones seem to intersect more than one stone, the horns on each stone holds a key as this can be used to hold the stone from its full weight to allow the sone to be slid in one axis with a frame build over the wall to support the stone when lapping it.
Like how you can make a pair of lenses, one convex and one concave, where those surfaces are so identical that the glass will bind together if clean enough.
What does lapped mean? Thanks
@@tren35 ... Usually means "rubbed". Like if two objects are rubbed together, and they both wear down and get smooth.
I disagree...would take to long and the shape of many of the blocks are curved as well as twisted in very complex geometry. It would take a 5 axis CNC machine with diamond tipped cutting inserts or something harder then granite to make the same block today. Not to mention the moving of some of these blocks defy's logic. Clearly it was easy for them what ever process they used.
@@robanderson4137 the eddystone lighthouse have stones way more complex and did not need any cnc machine . Just traditional stone work
Beautiful masonry
An incredible achievement by a complex, hardworking society with very talented stone masons
Test it. Sounds easy enough. Make a slurry of the sulphuric acid mud and paste it around some roughly cut stones forming a small wall. Should be easy to get a grant for the test and a paper published afterwards.
Nææ, dont’t think we have the mental capasity to even imagine how they made it.
I watched a film 20 years ago where people were demonstrating how to make this fitted block walls. The large blocks were chipped away with round stones. Larger ones for the big chunks, down to small ones for edging.
When a block is test fitted and then removed, it leaves powdery marks where more chipping is needed.
The person doing the test fitted three modest sized blocks together in a day or so.
And the areas where the chipping was done has thousands of round river stones in the area, where they would not be there naturally.
This acid idea is okay, and may have been used, but it has been shown doable with just other stones.
This is the basis of much western technology. Until fairly recently, engineering works had scores, if not hundreds, of people call 'fitters'. Their job was to fit parts together using hand tools. Try, scrape or file, try again. Huge machines were made this way.
I saw a similar film, some German amateur wondered out loud 'how did they do it?' and an old man said it was passed down to him through generations. The town they were in was incomplete and the old man pointed out the large rock on the other side of the valley. They levered it down a shute that had been created hundreds of years ago, sliding down the shute the rough edges were cleaned up a bit. Then 200 people dragged it with ropes up the 5% slope all their roads had. They wet the round cobble stones of the road and the rock slid easily. Then they levered it into place, marked where they needed to work on the stone, lowered it chipped away lifted it back a few times and then it fitted and they backfilled it with earth. Nice and easy - but his research was not approved because it made all the professors look foolish with their theories of acid, softening stones and all that clap trap.....
P@@Tensquaremetreworkshop
@@MaitreMark that's a weird controversy. This is the answer most historians are looking for, and they tend to crap on the fancy ones. The defense is usually against "aliens" or "ancient lasers," not "lots of people with lots of time on their hands..." that's the preferable answer.
FWIW your description sounds very plausible to me.
@@markdmckenna I have not been able to find the film again, but he was some German guy who spent his holidays mapping out Incan sites that had not yet been mapped. His work was usually accepted, but this time when he documented and filmed the locals doing what their ancestors had passed down to them, his work was knocked back as 'unprofessional. Though, the whole village participated, the new stone work was exactly as the old stonework. I visited Incan sites in the 1990s and was inspired - I have built kilometers of stone work at my place in Tasmania, though I use an excavator. But people do not believe I built it.... I have even filmed myself building stone walls and towers but people say 'it must have been there before'.
The shapes are so irregular in some places it makes no sense, they cutting is so precise given the believed tools of that time, Granite is one of the hardest to cut even now.
Its not rock when they cut them. It's flesh. Muscle fibre from giants. The tabs are attachment points to other biology. It's why many don't have them. The earth is littered with dead giant carcasses. Big rock balls are tendon anchors. " mudfossil university "
Jesus said " anyone who has descovered the earth has found a carcass " perhaps not word for word but....
Look at corn. Specifically corn still on the cob.
Isee, but what do you think it means? Still, how? Biologic geology?!@@stevenwestfall7638
I'd never heard of specific stone types being used, like granite. The theory I've heard is the stones were poured in place in sacks, like concrete.
This is by far the most logical theory. I’ve believed this for years. It even explains the nubs.
That could mabie work with limestone but not granite or andesite
seriously , why pour walls to look like stones even if they could have , which they couldnt have done
@@oldfart5063 Maybe they were not trying to make them look like stones? They say the design is earthquake resistant. Could be that how it looks was not a primary concern.
@@oldfart5063easier to transport and pour concrete, rather than moving large stones, maybe?
Actually, the joints were very much gapped. The stones slowly “melted” together to form those precise fits over hundreds of years of rain as the weight of the stones compressed them into tight fitting seams.
Has anyone ever done an experiment to demonstrate the effect?
Maybe they used high pressured piss to join and cut stone blocks
After a 24 pack I could easily piss these into shapes.
One hypothesis I've seen is using "string saws" to make cuts where the string is looped through a acid solution like the one mentioned, then over the stone, sort of like a bandsaw, but with string and acid rather than steel teeth. I saw it a long time ago and can't find it now, but interesting nonetheless
Might explain the vertical joints that others pointed out wouldn't with the gravity hypothesis
@@cathjj840 Maybe they did both. Whatever they did it would seem to have required precision, patience, and time.
I believe that the present Incas forgot the miracles that their Ancestors could accomplish!
Their society was deliberately destroyed by the Spanish. They had no writing themselves so all we have is Spanish accounts.
I heard that there’s a native plant. It evolved to grow on stone surfaces. So the plant contains some compounds that can dissolve hard stone. Maybe this made it easier for the roots to spread out or something similar. Ancient people observed birds that chewed this plant and were able to work holes into the stone surfaces with this plant material and their beaks. So the native people developed a paste with the plant extract, and this material was great for shaping stone surfaces, as the plant compounds were highly corrosive.
Anyway, I thought that was interesting. But if true it only explains shaping and polishing. Not the rest of the building and such.
That’s a more chemically active version of another theory, that they painted one block surface with ochre or similar, then placed the next on top, then removed it and ground away any areas with ochre, and repeated until both surfaces fitted perfectly.
Best of luck raising, lowering and grinding a rock weighing several tons, even if they had thousands of slaves to do the work.
@@jonb3311 - the one thing they had was labor
One big advantage to this theory over those such as softening the stones somehow, is that this one can be tested experimentally using known technology.
While this is an interesting idea, I'm still pondering why and how they manipulated such large stones.
Wedges, levers, mashed tuber grease, and long hours over many years.
Well the small protuberance at the bottom of the rocks look too be an air bleed like we use today when poring concrete, and you can see that all of the rocks are identical in color and consistency, so if they had the mixture really really thick and some form wood to hold in place until firm enough to manipulate, they could take a v shaped trial and finish the joints, yes it would be one at a time, but with a small army you can get a lot done in a day,, that elements carrying large boulders and then trying to shape them to fit, I know my hypothesis is not romantic, but it is simple .
The Inca had essentially all men between around 15 and 40 work on government projects 3 months out of the year. They used a lot of people to work over the span of decades.
We don't have the ability to move blocks that big today. We have no idea how they moved them.
These are pre- flood constructions by the ancients, even the Inca state they didn’t build these structures. Tiwanaku is an ancient city recently discovered at the bottom of Lake Titicaca, dating to before 10,600 BCE, when the city was in a dry valley between two mountains. Archaeologists have dated artifacts to a 500-1000 CE pre Columbian civilization. As usual, they probably don’t realize this is another legacy civilization.
Fascinating stuff. I had a bucket full of rocks that got rained on. After the rocks sat in the water for months, a glossy film was on the surface. This chemical also discolored the more calcitic rocks.
I am not sure the theory is correct , but, yes, using some kind of acid or chemical to get this effect on the stones is the best idea I have heard thus far. thanks
Several methods of fabrication of the polygonal masonry using clay/gypsum replicas, a topography translator, and reduced clay models of the stone blocks along with a 3D-pantograph are described in the article “Fabrication methods of the polygonal masonry of large tightly-fitted stone blocks with curved surface interfaces in megalithic structures of Peru” (DOI: 10.20944/preprints202108.0087.v7). UA-cam does not allow a direct link. Search by the article title.
The 10th article edition (DOI: 10.20944/preprints202108.0087.v10) is posted at Preprints. Search the article by DOI or by title.
This may be feasible, but unlikely ordinary humans would to this.
The fact it is found on different continents stands for a higher civilization which could travel between continents.
And the fact WE cannot currently reproduce this in reasonable time frame even with heavy machinery stands for the fact that civilization was far more advanced than OURS.
As for a purpose of building those walls around the world, i can only guess that they were earthquake-resistant shelters for the first humans, which that civilization brought to Earth.
@LeftAcc0, that's a huge leap. They were more advanced at stone shaping and cutting! It takes faith to then say they had advanced technology. They knew how to cut and shape stones. That knowledge is lost now. To say they were flying or zipping across continents is ridiculous. I do believe in ancient contact across great distance. But everything else starts to become outrageous.
@@Findin_Dreams Billy Carson was just explaining on Joe Rogan a type of nanoparticle stone seedling that will grow into larger scale stones is already being used. Maybe science is catching up with the ancients. Edgar Cayce was once asked how the pyramids were built and he explained “they were grown in place” a strange answer until hearing Billy Carson explain the stone nanoparticle type seeds.
@@ensenadorjones4224 , @RostislavLapshin - i just found an explanation from amateur explorer, a woman, her channel is "Curious Being" . Before that i honestly thought it is unsolvable, to my shame. I'm really ashamed that a woman solved it easily... Her explanation based on the special type of clay/concrete/geopolymer, _similar is currently used in some construction_. It resembles the child's "play doh" (but heavier, as it's a geopolymer) - maintains the form, so it DOES NOT NEED! decking/casing, and is expanding (not contracting) on solidification. The exact formula is though unknown. She explains everything and even a special marks on blocks. Also she refers to a chemist's work who proved that it's a geopolymer. You can find her video, and you probably would agree.
The stones fit together as tightly with the same puffiness along the horizontal edges as they do along the vertical edges. If gravity combined with a stone softening substance is what caused the perfect fit on the top and bottom then the sides wouldn’t have the same perfect fit. If we knew why the protuberances are where they are I think everything would be explained.
Well hypothetically, if the acid softened the edges (all exposed edges) into a silly putty like consistency, you could shape all the edges/joints however you want them and thereby eliminating any gravity bulging or downward "flow". Like perhaps only the outermost inch or two was softened and the core of the rock remained hard and after you jammed them in place you could scrape the exterior before it completely hardens? This technique can be easily replicated using regular mud/clay blocks of various shapes and sizes. Of course they don't harden I to granite. But the technique checks out... I'm just not sure you can soften granite, shape it, and have it re-harden?
Don't all the walls lean slightly inwards? So if I saw that correctly, the walls aren't perfectly vertical, which means that there would be inward pressure from the corners. With such massive stones that small amount of lean that we (presumably) see would be perfectly adequate to create the necesarry horizontal pressure.
Like a concrete casing, it's a fact there made of limestone which can be turned to concrete with almost any mix
That's where the woven geopolymer mold broke and was braced by a vertical log
@@ktbowersbellsouth do you mean “broke”as in unintended? The protuberances I believe are always near the bottom of the blocks they are on. I think they are in pairs more often than not and they are definitely not on all blocks. The size of the protuberances seem to be proportionate to the size of the blocks. There are many characteristics of them that seem to be consistent everywhere they are found globally. I think the only explanation main stream archaeologists have given is that their purpose was to make moving and lifting the stones with ropes easier as they would help keep the ropes from slipping off the edges of the blocks but this does not explain why some have the protuberances and some don’t and why the number of them on the blocks is also inconsistent not to mention the weight of many of these blocks being too great for ropes to handle.
People in those times could use their own live-power ( Ätherkraft) to shape stones and to give power to maschines as well. We as humans have all sources of the universe in us and are able to influence all beings on earth with the power of creativity.
Surface level treatments cannot affect the inner parts of the stone which would have need to deform. As mentioned the vertical joints are not explained by this theory. More than likely, they used something which made the hard stone soft temporarily (e.g.- energetic/acoustic/molecular matrix loosening/mass reduction), or it was a polymer like clay. Even with the polymer clay theory, the mass would be almost untenable. My theory is energetic molecular loosening and mass reduction. I made a scale model wall using polymer by forming one stone at a time, then pressing it into the joints of the surrounding stones, then firing it. While this “worked” (since the polymer only shrinks ~1%), forming then firing inputs place would still be a task. This is why I think they just used a scientific process that we simply have discovered yet. The stone scoop marks and protuberances also exhibit a softened stone matrix going beyond a mere surface effect. Many of these scientists and archeologists are stuck in a curated academic paradigm.
So why don't we know about this process today?
take a look at my video on the different construction types, I think we are looking at several different time periods. This is a very interesting paper that may well explain it. There is a new paper also on how the stone at pumu punku appears to be a geopolymer with organic content, not usual for igneous rock.
I also believe these ruins were made beyond what the time line we are lead to believe. I found it very interesting that if you move the continents together a pattern of a growing civilization building cities emerges when it comes to polygonal construction. With the very shapes used show that they had lived in a constant quake environment.
Sound great, but that would be in billions of years ago. Your on to something keep working on your model.
@@RKBaxter Yes It is something that their were civilizations back that far and we are not the superior beings we like to think we are.
I know how to find out exactly who and how they built the wall! Ask God how it was done when we get to heaven
I read a synopsis of this paper also, and having done chemistry find it compelling and plausible as an explanation for the contact surfaces of the stones used in those buildings, and walls etc.
Makes the most sense to me. Those who want it to be something else will always argue with those who seek truth above all else.
I’d say it’s convincing enough to try it. The side wear doesn’t work with this explanation though, unless you are suggesting that they did this on the sides prior to placing them. Because of how tightly joined they are, is it possible that there may be residue from the acid process in between current stonework?
If the combination of weight and acid worked at all, then the horizontal joints would be most effected. The vertical joints, not so much or not at all. Back to the drawing board.
Very good comment. We must also think about vertical joints with different pressure.
For me, we will never get the answer unless we dismantle some wall at least partially, examine it and them reassemble it back. There must be traces of what formed the stones into their final shape. And possibly some material residues of means of their transport into their place.
@@peterk.6093That has been done.
It is great that people still have the courage and confidence to offer up their ideas about how many different and previously unexplained issues have come to be everyday processes. Fear of ridicule by small minds, only causes the unsolvable to remain unsolved.
Having worked as a toolmaker, charged with solutions to problems, or meeting productivity goals needed to achieve a higher percentage of the market share, I learned to think about previous experiences, and to discuss ideas with people known to be able to listen, and offer support or rebuttal of my ideas. From there it was GO time.
As I understand the concept put forth here, each individual joint should show some residue of the original stones, that were eroded or dissolved by the addition of the solution on each joint face. I would be tempted to reject the chemical solution theory if there is no evidence of any loose, dry leveling material having been used. My first question would be, about the accuracy that was available to the people cutting, measuring, and assembling any two blocks. If the faces were chipped away with crude iron chisels and hammers, such as were used to create large buildings in Europe and Asian civilizations at similar times, I would “doubt” that the magic water theory, would be a viable one. Now that the opinions are on the table, it is time to take off the suits and put on the work clothes, while testing things in real world situations.
Inca masonry is indeed very impressive, but it’s not at all mysterious. It has been demonstrated (via recreations) that all you need is stones and a lot of time. You bang one stone against another until you chip away a portion so the work piece fits in the joint you’re making. Nothing required except rocks, hard work, and patience.
It is more convenient if I just give the credits to the E.T. civil engineers
Hi,
One word,
Geopolymers.
Yes, the stones were built with geopolymer or a kind of cement concrete when it was still malleable.
And they purchased tons of the powdered rock at the local Home Depot and transported it by rail cars. And they analyzed the bedrock in the quarry to somehow get an exact match. Or perhaps the entire mountain and quarry are also made of the same geopolymers.
Baked a cake using rock dust.
I tend to agree.all sorts of recipes
I can tell you the pyramids weren’t built with tight seams from the beginning. They all have sand in between each block. The weight of them stacked, over centuries slowly crushed them into the tight seams we know today. When moving the blocks into place the wet sand helped reduce friction once they took them off the sleds. I’m assuming that the Inca did something similar, over time the blocks slowly squeezed tighter and tighter together.
It's almost as if these giant granite stones were soft like marshmallows. As you stacked each boulder in place it sagged and spread into the boulders around it forming a perfect fit with rounded trowel like edges. Even the face of the boulders are bulging and rounded like they puffed out as weight was added. I'm not suggesting this is how it was done, just that this is what it looks like. Also, theres the knobs or nubs on some boulders and the scoop marks on others. What's that all about? Until we find the ancient Inca Rosetta Stone explaining exactly how this was done the debate will rage on. Haven't read a theory yet that made me sit up and pay attention.
Best I heard so far.
I’m going with Aliens visiting every twelve thousand years being careful not to interfere but leaving impossible mind blowing craftsmanship
You are thinking that on one trip the detailed working drawings were left with the project superintendent, who then spent twelve thousand years in a rock quarry, roughing out the blocks with numbers. On the second trip, to Earth, “they” brought lasers, or fusion cutters, and levitation cranes to do the fit and finish work. That seems like a pretty good idea to me. Would that require a tax levy, or some type of bond issue.
i guess they handled this highly corrosive material with their rubber gloves and plastic buckets they bought at home depot
Don’t be ridiculous they got Amazon to deliver ,
I don't think it's "highly corrosive" as if it was industrial grade acid. It's toxic for sure, but I bet they figure out a countermeasure, or they probably just "sleep it off" or didn't bother.
This may (possibly) explain the fit, but there remains the mystery of how they carved and moved the things.
Same for all megalithic structures.
It would be interesting to see somebody use this idea to try to reconstruct the technology, both to understand how the structures were originally made and to try to optimize and thoroughly understand it to build new structures as efficiently as possible. The chemistry and workflows can probably be improved if they were able to do this with very limited resources.
Alien tourists who traveled light years to pursue their masonry hobby. That's the answer.
Or alien tourists broke down and stranded on a rocky planet waiting for rescue with nothing better to do 🤣
@@earthlingjohnwhy would aliens with their technology to get here, build something as primitive as these, fascinating though. We may never know….
@@mikejones-go8vz
The good stuff was packed up and put on the rescue ship, the rest rotted away...this is what's left
@@earthlingjohn Medusa turned them all to stone
@@mikejones-go8vz
😅👍
It’s a explanation for the tightness of the joints. Still we dont know how the “people” who did the construction, could lift (and transport) stones of amazing size and weight.
They used abrasive mud and levers and ropes. It took time, but the perfect fit was achived in the same way as one grinds in a valve seat. The New Zealand Maoris made their planks on their ocean going canoes a perfect fit in the same way.
Ever rub two stones together? They fit perfectly after grinding each against each other. This would also explain the odd joints that are curved. No problem if you are just rubbing the stones until they fit. What would it take? Massive manpower and strong ropes, then playing a game of tug of war on the stone you want to grind to fit in the wall. We know they had ropes capable of bridging over river valleys. They wove their ropes into a bridge they could walk over. One could put sand on the bottom cut to make it slide easier and the sand would grind both rocks at the same time. How do we smooth rock today? We take big flat wheels, put sand between them and the stone and make continuous circles. Adding sand as needed until we reach our desired smoothness.
Or, you just, heat the stones? Its friction right? Heat right?
Let's suppose that's true, how on earth they lift those heavy stones??? This is a very important question that no one knows
Back straight, head up, use your thighs.
hard for me to believe this theory, have any test proven it yet? the paste would have to be mighty corrosive to make some of the cuts, itd eat any tool before you could get it on the stone lol.
ANSWER - Highly advanced beings used sound waves to change the molecular structure of the granite making it soft and probably used the same science to move the granite 60 miles from the quarry in the Andes! there were no roads or trees at that elevation nor does anybody have the skills or tools to do that even today
Another theory, I want to see you take a dozen stones in the 50 pound range so you can lift them and make these joints using your acid water.
I saw a film once of birds in South America making nest holes in rock faces by rubbing a certain type of leaf against the rock. Sorry I can't give any more information, it was a long time ago.
I don’t think the birds could move such stones😉
I’m starting to wonder if they didn’t use a recipe for a more solid forming concrete. A mix that would create granite and other hard stones. Has anyone ever noticed the concrete bag method being used? Just stacking dry bags of quickcrete? They spray the bags with water and leave them. Eventually forming perfect walls of concrete. If the ancients used a similar method using giant burlap bags of a special blend of sands and lime to form larger more solid finished walls. Just a thought. Thinking of trying it out with various size bags and recipes for Concrete or geopolymer mixes.
Don't ..there's no easy way to do stonemasonry ...all you'll build is a dreadful looking thing that won't last
Yeah, they went to their local Home Depot and loaded up with bags of DIY granite. Just add water.
Their technology probably wasn't advanced enough to produce burlap 😊😊😊
Agreed, this hypothesis makes a lot of sense. What kind of timeframe are we looking at to go from “roughly cut” to the joins we see here in this video?
Inca didn’t take credit for the walls but rather said it was a previous culture.
Someone Spanish said this
@@oftin_wong no, someone Inca said it. The Spanish tourist just wrote it down.
@@rheuss1 Spanish tourist ?
Lol... When was it said?..who said it?
Why did they say it ?
Don't be naive dude
Macha Pichu was built in response to the Spanish colonisation ...do some sums and turn on your brain
@@oftin_wong Inca built on top of what was there. Inca masonry looks like modern day mason work. Megalithic masonry is different No way they were done together.
@@rheuss1 of course it wasn't done together you are talking about separations of around 600 years
With Spanish colonisation as the dominant change in culture
Building in stone is ongoing ...it doesn't get crammed into one small time period then ceases
OK, lets go over a few things too clear this up.
First; how the hell does one carbon date a rock? Last time I checked at best you would be receiving the date it was created in the earth's crust. Also the advance civilization theories involve at least 2 different cultures from different time periods, so if you found a pot and dated it you should also assume that it was made during the most recent culture.
Second; wouldn't acid erosion leave, I don't know... erosion marks as the acid collects in the lower parts of the stone and erodes them away leaving indentations and streaks?
Now please understand I'm not saying that acid mud couldn't possibly have been the method used, but we first would need to see one of either two things before we can start to consider it:
1 - Sold evidence that the megalithic stones construction was indeed done during the same time as the much rougher work seen on top of it in some of the sites.
Or 2 - A proof of concept experiment showing that stones can indeed be fitted using this acid mud and result in a perfect fit something as simple as 2 small, flat limestone rocks with some sort of acid mud in between and say a rather beefy clamp holding them shut and providing the pressure.
Sorry for the very late reply! The radio carbon dating was from wood or bones i think at Machu Picchu, paper linked in description, and yes we have no proof of concept method for how they may have used the acidic paste, but we also have no other better proof of concept of how they fit these blocks so finely, hopefully someone has that 'Ahaa!' moment and figures it out 😂
@@ArchaeoLogic They used hammering stones and in some cases metal bars. The bottom of the block to be placed next was finished first (while "upside down") along with one of the sides and the already-placed lower and adjacent blocks in the wall were then roughly shaped. The new stone was then put in place and tilted backward (leaving the front of the joint exposed for finer hammering). Wet clay was spread in the joint and when the stone was lowered back down into place it would squeeze the clay out of the high spots while it remained thicker in the rest of the joint ... visually indicating where more hammering was required. The block was repeatedly lowered until only an even film of clay was left in the joint. The clay could be substituted by other substances including lead and gold (gold might have made the best "joint fitter" given its excellent malleability). Perhaps gold WAS used in the finest joints, and its removal from the pitted surface of the finished block could have required heating (which consequently might explain the vitrification observed in some of the joints). On a separate note, other megalithic cultures (e.g. the Egyptians and Tiwanaku) achieved perfect right angles and flat surfaces by working on blocks in a pool of water (water surface is very flat so can be used similar to clay in a joint to achieve a "perfect" fit and finish).
@@tomszabo7350 This is actually the best explanation I've heard.
sounds like something that someone could do small scale experiments as proof of concept. Please update us if you hear of any. It sure sounds promising.
The fitted stones were already there, the Inca stacked stones on top of what was already there.
For those wondering if anyone has tried to replicate this process: [ from the abstract featured in the video at mark 4:17 ]
"Modern processes for conservation of stone monuments against environmental deterioration have independently developed similar silica gel based technology."
If the stone blocks were cut stone then you would have a huge pile of chippings which are not anywhere about on any of the sites.
Maybe they washed away in the flood!
The flood happened 12,000 years ago, see Younger-Dryas event that changed the surface of the earth and these were built after that. Probably were made in another place then transported to this site. I know of no example that is easy because we don't have the technology yet and for this idea to be possible both issues would have to be solved or known. My belief is they possessed computer technology that machined these. If you think of Atlantis and as children we were told some fare out technically when the world was in the dark about any possibility.
My point was that we don’t know when these megalithic structures were built. The Maya were a legacy civilization, as were the Egyptians, the Inca, the Chinese, the Aboriginals and every other civilization on earth. Every culture has basically the same creation myth with a serpent (comet), dragon (spaceship), flood, pyramids, sky gods ( Thoth, Viracocha, Quetzalcoatl, Hermes etc), advanced knowledge of cosmology centered on the Pleiades.
I believe all the megalithic construction was pre flood, done by an advanced civilization (Atlanteans) with the power of flight (Vimanas as described in the Mahabharata). As technology continues to evolve, it will become more and more obvious that the timeline of human history as proposed in the Bible is totally ludicrous. We already know there is cave art in Spain and France dating to before 40,000 BCE. Neanderthals and Homo sapiens in the Northern Hemisphere were living in caves during the ice age to take refuge from the harsh climatic conditions. People in the Southern Hemisphere were obviously not affected by these conditions until the end of the Younger Dryas, when it is proposed the Earth went through a comet stream and fragments hit the ice sheet in Canada and a couple of other continents causing massive climatic changes and sea levels to rise by as much as 100 meters. More and more megalithic cities are being discovered along the coastlines beneath the seas as our technological advances become more sophisticated.
I know Canada is not a continent lol!
@@kerrythomas6220 I believe she is saying is that Canada is were an ice sheet 2 1/2 miles deep set upon Hudson Bay and that is getting shallow (crust is rebounding from the weight of the ice, because we were hit by a large comet that destroyed this ice sheet with in weeks. North America was hit by over 4,500 strikes. See; Randle Carlson/ the great flood.
They could have been heated and softened that way and mounded or possibly hammered into shape which would explain their soft edges. People forget or don’t know that inside the joints there are stone pegs that precisely fit and stop the stones from shifting and the nodules on the outside were much longer used for lifting the stones into place. After the stones were moved into place they just knocked off the lifting pegs. For a Stone Age civilisation they somehow built machines or mechanism that could pick up these stone weighing many tons.
I think the stones were soft when they were being laid. Everything about them looks that way, including how the surface has flaked off in places. Because we don't know how to make stones soft and malleable nowadays we look for other explanations and are left scratching our heads.
keep scratching
These Inca walls were not constructed by the Inca, as per their own admittance. As for the construction method of these walls, I would proffer the idea of sound frequency being used. Take a big stone, place it atop another, then use sound frequency to get the top stone to vibrate at a high frequency. This vibration of the top stone will quickly grind the two stones equally, using gravity, and the two stone surfaces in contact with each other will grind each other perfectly mating with each other with no gaps between them. This is the easiest and fastest way to mate stones with each other. You can use this method upon several stones at once. We currently have the sound technology to do this; we just haven’t applied it yet to prove out this theory.
Why waste time on a stupid idea like that when there is no possibility the Incas had that technology.
@@PanglossDr Don't forget: everything resonates. Just hit the right note... the idea isn't stupid at all. How would you know they didn't have musical instruments? There are stories of eye witnesses seeing monks using horns to move heavy boulders, too. So the idea of using resonance isn't uncommon at all. It's just one of a thousand possibilities we don't know of yet. So stop being dogmatic and let people share their ideas, like you might want to share yours.
@@Dagonius. There are stories about all sorts of rubbish. I ignore them without proper evidence.
@@PanglossDr of course. I understand that.
Just keep an open mind, not to be too surprised if something does try to blow it.😉
Sorry, this video is too logical for this topic. Please refer to ancient advanced technology and a massive cataclysm. Also, be sure to mention the handbags.
Thank you! I think I really learned something here. As a chemist, this is the most reasonable explanation I have ever heard. Surprised I had not encountered it before.
This is the most sensible and probable explanation... I've heard of similar use of acidic paste or mortar in other applications.
They didn't. We can see their own inferior architecture built right on top of the megalithic stuff. That said, the acid hypothesis seems legit.
They did.
Theres people who are better skilled than others in the same civilization, happens everywhere
Freestanding Geopolymer over natural rock. There's a lot of places where the inferior rock is right next AND on top. I think the best looking work shows up at the corners and the highest and most important places. It's finish work. Not everything was done that way. And Brien Forester (I spelled his name wrong) is WRONG. And its another story about not giving credit were it's due. And its always taken away and given to some ancient race of WHITE people who used power tools. Instead of giving credit to the many people who were in that land at the time.
Chemical erosion of the boulders as a possibility makes some sense, but the biggest question far beyond that is -
How did they get to those boulders from the mountain across and back up the other mountain to the top of Machu Picchu? … I can get them down, but they’re gonna stop in the valley or a small way up the other side because of the severe angle of altitude of the mountain. so my speculation or whatever was able to move the boulders from one mountain to another across the deep valley and back up had no problem carving or melting them together after they were there.
But beyond the ability of humans!
( what does anyone else think?
I think this is possible, but I would say it was probably rubbed on the stone and material was slowly removed through the acid to make them fit. I think if, like you said, the acid solution was left on the blocks it would have cause more damage in a shorter period of time.
Acid pitts, it doesn't leave a smooth surface. That's why you never leave pickle juice on the granite counter tops.
As dentist I see how people have ground their teeth down either flat or with the points and notches fitting exactly together like a puzzle piece. The two surfaces of the same hardness wear at the same rate and eventually fit precisely together. How they lifted the stones and moved them back and forth against each other is a mystery, but that’s my simple analysis.
Frankly if you look at it, the stones DO NOT apppear to be cut or chiselled out. They look more like being moulded from liquid form and allowed to cool and hardened, being shaped in some form of mould. The irregular shapes of the stones has a purpose - it provides rigidity and integrity to the structure, giving it stability during an earthquake. As to who built them that is the mystery.
These type of wall is called Cyclopian and is present in many ancient sites, in many countries, Greece included (hence the name). Most of them have these bumps, like for lifting. They must have been built by simple fitting. Builders were very practical back then.
Video posted 5 years ago. What are *your* thoughts, ArcheoLogic? Now that you've had five years to go over the research papers.
It has never been a mystery the Inca stone working technic, I have travelled to Perú and visited Machu Pichu, Ollantaitambo, Sacsaywaman and many other places. In fact, in Machu Pichu they explain you the technic, it is stone age technology that you can replicate at your home, the top suface of the placed stones is let unworked, then you select the stone that you will put above and work the bottom face and place it above 2 already placed stones (suspended with logs), then simply using cords you traslate the finished suface in the bottom of the rock that you want to place onto the top of the already placed rocks, this way you replicate exactly the same pattern, and finally you place the new rock into place.
That’s only a proposed theory, it hasn’t been successfully tested to accurately replicate what the Inca did. It does get a close cut, but it still leaves more human error artifacts than whatever the method actually was
That method doesn’t explain the upper courses inside the caves where there is no clearance space above due to the natural rock
Well they told you wrong then….Mystery remains
@@patricksnoring4739 the Bomarsund Fortress in finland built in the 1800's is larger and more complex than sachsyhuaman. It is easy to dos such a feat
There is still the possibility of exposing the basic rock to fire until very hot and then dousing to locally shatter the rock and then scrape away, this would give the random shapes, but how to lift and position giant lumps of stone is a real puzzle.
I read a paper a few years ago suggesting this. as a redish paste has been documented in verbal stories passed down through generations, it makes sense as they had a huge biproduct in the mining of their gold
Great hypothesis that falls down on two counts: 1) The higher up stones are much smaller and the gravity part of this hypothesis doesn’t work on those. 2) If it really is that chemically sound, a practical demonstration would be easy to reproduce. And yet, to date, absolutely nothing that resembles softening of granite has been re-enacted anywhere in the world, why ? Because it simply doesn’t work, unless you can wait hundreds or thousands of years for natural erosion to assist!! 🤔🙄🙄🙄🙏🌈🇬🇧♥️
there is no force pushing on the sides of the stone.
This was the first thing I thought of. Sure maybe it could have been done that way if you only had to join horizontal surfaces, but if this was the method used, there would be gaps in the vertical surfaces where the bacteria ate away the stone.
Good point I was pondering this also, it probably was a varierty of techniques they used to cut and fit the stones, i find this technique really interesting though especially as it doesnt require any advanced tech 👍
From an archeological standpoint I don’t know why an assumption is being made that an ancient human society didn’t have advanced tech. There is massive evidence to suggest that they did possess great knowledge and tech. Aside from the polygonal masonry, even after thousands of years the accuracy of various ancient structures is still mind blowing. I have a great many number of theories that almost all of the major polygonal masonry were made in the same era by the same people. My guess is they used sound and resonance to manipulate the stones. If everything has a resonance frequency, you could possibly determine what a rocks is and then with mathematics determine sub or doubled harmonics to sheer irregularities from the rock face.
@@anthalas9 I was shocked when I saw video evidence of a tube drill vibrating it's way into granite. ua-cam.com/video/BsqOLCXYznE/v-deo.html
It must have been how the Egyptians made those perfect dill holes in granite. but the next question is, how did they vibrate the drill without electricity?
Nineteen1900Hundred they created resonate vibrations, possibly with horn, bowls, metal, who knows. But there are many stone objects around the world that look like they could have only been created on a CNC, yet no tool marks. This is the reason I believe they use sound resonance.
Free standing Geopolymer over smaller natural rocks. Exactly as the core samples have shown.
Incas were a later civilization that did the common rock stacks ON TOP of these highly technical and precise structures.
Weight pushing down. Maybe. But rocks won't move left or right. This would leave side gaps.
If that holds water. How did they move the stones to this location?
The Inca's did not build the polygonal walls ,check out some of Brian Foresters videos .
he's got nothing
Interesting as I read an article many years ago about something similar in which a liquid was poured over the stone surfaces which “softened” them so they would fit together. Your presentation makes more sense.
Any hypothesis remains theoretical until demonstrated and proven. Techniques lost and/or forgotten remain the most likely explanation to this phenomenon. Those theories involving intense heat are the most appealing to this old stone mason.
The Inca did NOT build those walls. The debate is ridiculous.
Made by human hands. Case closed.
Exactly, I’ve been saying the same for ages
Go try it.. @@williamwilson6499
😂😂😂😂😂😂
Really? Please explain your stupid logic.