I noticed a few recurring questions or comments in this video, so here are my answers in case other viewers are asking the same. 1. Where is Vectispinus? Vectispinus is not a formal name, the materials were described under the nickname “White Rock Spinosaurid”. The researchers considered naming it Vectispinus, but the genus was not formally erected. 2. How do we know the whole skeleton of a dinosaur based on a single tooth? The answer is, we don’t. The whole body comes from other animals that are at least indicated to be closely related, in other words, assumption. When only a single tooth fossil was found, we can only compare it to other known skulls or skeletons with similar teeth and assume the rest of the body is also similar. While in truth, the tooth itself might end up coming from a completely different organism. This practice of naming new dinosaurs from incomplete and unclear materials has been commonly done since the dinosaur renaissance in the 60s and 70s, because frankly, everyone wants to name a dinosaur. This has resulted in messy naming and confusing taxonomic designations that we have to deal with today. 3. Why is Irritator the smallest spinosaurid? Because it is. Other sources might give a much higher size estimate for irritator, but that is because they consider Angaturama to be its synonym (in which it might be). The specimen for Irritator itself is small. For the purpose of this video, I had to separate the 2 taxa, so I based the size estimates only from the corresponding materials. If you have any questions about the topic of the video, you can comment down below!
Naming a dinosaur with a tooth is one of the craziest scientific thing I've ever seen. Let's be serious ! I don't trust anything about ancient animals unless it comes with significant evidences.
Thanks for the info! Also, I thought Camarillasaurus was suppose to be this really small spinosaurid, what’s the explanation for it being so big in this video?
@@rodrigopinto6676Tyrannosaurus is the largest because it’s the most robust making it the heaviest, but something like that isn’t represented from a side profile.
Kinda ironic that the very first fossil remains for both Spinosaurus & Oxalaia happened to be destroyed, almost makes me wonder if that’s supposed to be some sort of sign that they’re the same species but they could also be two different subspecies of the same species.
I work at a paleontology lab in Brazil and a interesting feature we see at Spinosaurids is the lack of information. Many of the remains are fragmented and this supports the thesis that they had semi aquatic habits. Why? Rivers are energic places, that transports organic matter and possibly fragments the most fragile remains It's sad we have access to such a low percentage of the bones, but we can get new information based on that
Spinosaurid taxonomy try not being a mess challenge impossible 100% On a real note, amazing job with everything we currently have to work with. I love your content and despite the rare uploads, its always worth it! You make the learning fun!
Haha that's true. Trying to find a complete and not confusing spinosaurid material: also challenge impossible Thanks! I'm trying to balance quality with quantity lately. Hopefully I can make more videos quicker
If I had a nickel for every time a Spinosaurid holotype has been destroyed within a museum fire, I'd have two nickels... But it's weird that it has happened twice...
Wow! Fantastic! The pictures, reconstructions, skeletal models, geographic mapping, animations, size scaling, phylogenetic record, fossil record, scientific data and history about this theropod family are all incredible! Love the spinosaurids! Love this video! Bravo, Eric Lim! I'm looking forward for your next scientific videos! :D
As a big spinosaurus enthusiast, I've been keeping a list of all species (including the dubious and synonym ones) descibed through the years, and updating it as long as a new one "dropped". The moment I opened this video I opened the list and counted 'em all. I don't know if I'm happy either because I managed to not miss any of them through all this years or because you managed to put all in one video! And with good illustrations. This was surely a lot of work and research, good job! Waited too long for someone to put all species together without missing one or two "synonyms", but the wait was worth it!!! On a side note: with the velocity new species has been described recently, I wouldn't be surprised with another one dropping in the future. Hope the next ones get a way to be updated/added to this video, or a new one including them! :)
@FactorTrace I think all you can do is try to gather loyal subscribers and keep the quality up. And you are currently doing these things really well, keep it up 🙏
Dude!! This video is awesome, I've never seen this convoluted yet awesome group of dinosaurs explained so succinctly. Plus realistic paleoart to match?? You've blown me away, definitely earned a subscriber, and you deserve way more. I can't wait to hopefully see more of this kind of content from you. Keep it up!
Spinosaurus being my personal favourite dinosaur of all time, this video has been a remarkable introduction to your channel. After checking out some of your other videos, I truly believe that your absolute professionalism and sophisticated presentation makes your channel deserving of way more attention. With the d-riding out of the way, keep it up man!
I was not only blown away by the production quality, but especially the ending with this epic story quickly recapping the video, it was just phenomenal! Great job 🙌
The sheer amount of work put into this is incredible. Using a fully illustrated profile for each dinosaur, showing a diagram of each formation's biodiversity, full skeletal silhouettes, etc. The level of detail is on par with a modern museum exhibit.
Please, do this more and more fam!!! These are gorgeous dino desing, rigourose scientific reasearching and reference, well explained, and beautiful and soft edition!! I would love to see this kind of videos every week!! Or monthly, i love this. Theres a lack of this quality videos out there. Hope you the best and see more and more of this. I am from south Spain, i didnt know there were such an amount of Spinosaurids founded here in the Peninsula! i would love to watch a video about the history and importance behind the Iguanodon!!❤
Hey! I remember watching your original Spinosaurus video from a couple years ago. It's sure been a while and I gotta say, you definitely improved. The organization and consistency whilst being easy to follow to the end is just done amazingly! 🙌🔥 Now for my personal take on the Sub-Aquaeous Forager vs Terrestrial Wader theory, I have a feeling some miscommunication is at play here because both sides of the argument are technically "correct", it's just that the main takeaway is how would it actually function as a predator because Sereno and Myrvhold et al didn't necessarily present any proper evidence aside to "debunk" the Sub-Aquaeous Forager theory aside from just critiquing it and in fairness, Ibrahim and Fabbri's team has access to original material and they too critiqued Sereno and Myrvhold et al's paper that's presently seen in the same 2024 paper and how they didn't get the information correct such as suggesting Spinosaurus was only dense in the legs but the rest of its body was hollow like that of other theropods which isn't seen in the actual skeleton and etc. Not to mention Ibrahim and Fabbri also have their own pre-print paper ready to go for a follow up response to Myrvhold et al's 2024 paper, so it's safe to say the debate isn't stopping anytime soon unless we find much more remains lol Now the main argument I standby is a Hippo because fun fact, Hippos can't actually swim at all, but they can submerge and forage underwater to the point they're even seen chasing after speedboats out of aggression and or territorial behavior and that's thanks to just having dense bones alone which could explain both sides of the argument of how Spino can be a Sub-Aquaeous Forager whilst also being able to be a Terrestrial Wader/Hunter.
Yeah, I think a generalist hunter between land and water makes the most sense. The 2021 paper by Hone and Holtz actually presented this idea. Out of every aquatic adaptations spinosaurus had, none of it hinders the idea of a generalist predator that hunts near water or partially in water. But the terrestrial morphological features directly hinders the sub-aquaeous forager hypothesis. The problem I have with Ibrahim's depiction of Spinosaurus is that he tries to depict it as an obligate aquatic hunter. The heavy bones would help the animal while hunting partially submerged, but it doesn't directly prove it going fully underwater to catch prey. It's almost like finding out that chicken's bones structure can accomodate flying, it means chickens must've hunted in mid-air like some raptors do. Maybe it can allow spinosaurus to dive and grab something from the bottom of the river, but I doubt being fully submerged is spinosaurus' primarily hunting strategy.
@@FactorTrace Fair enough, though I do believe having dense bones littered across your whole body from head to toe would definitely help keep you submerged, maybe not for an exorbitant amount of time like crocodiles, but maybe just enough where the animal can grab something sustainable enough and or it could just go do the Grizzly Bear tactic on land since it was still a giant theropod. That's also personally why I believe Spino could be a mix of both sides, like being able to hunt on both land and water is literally the most broken and exploited niche that any theropod could do. But until then, this is exactly why we need more remains to study and less theory paper contests between paleontologists, like why don't we just send out more expeditions? lol
Now this is a fascinating video to stumble upon. Cool to see other Spinosaurids that are found so far besides of course the Spinosaurus, Suchomimus, and Baryonyx. Thank you for making this video on one of my favorite types of dinosaurs out in the world.
I think this is my favorite video on youtube. Spinosoaurus, and every other spinosaurid, are my favorite living creatures, and getting to hear them get talked about in depth, all in one place??? Unbelievable. Thank you for making this incredible video!!!!
I was very happy to find a video like this exists on the internet. As a fan of all things Spinosaur, I've longed for a complete list of every Spinosaurid discovered, as of yet.
This was absolutely amazing - very informative, simple enough in the explanations, and with incredible visuals to make it interesting for the layperson. Please, keep doing more on dinosaur groups!!! Would love to see one on the tyrannosaur group, dromaeosaurs, lesser-known triassic and permian groups, etc!
Bro you EARNED a new subscriber. You clearly know your stuff, your editing is impecable, and i can hear passion in your speech. I’m eager to see how you grow as a paleo content creator/science communicator.
*Great video, I've noticed your channel doesn't have many views but i think the algorithm is starting to pick you up since i was recommended this video yesterday and i had never heard of you beforehand.*
this was a mesmerizing video to watch. it looks beautiful, all the information is presented clearly and the visuals are sleek, effective, and interesting. there's just the right amount of movement on screen and the drawings/animations are just gorgeous. i am in awe at the graphic design (and i came here for the dinosaurs)
Valinonaventrix! I have been in love with dinosaurs for nearly 3 decades. Educating myself on them is quite literally an obsessive past time. So how is that obsessed never heard of this animals absurdist, bouncy, long name!? I'm baked right now and can't stop laughing at myself trying to say if. I'm gonna name a project that has been lacking a name this.
The Spinosaurus could not swim, however it could split its sail in half and use it as a pair of wings to fly. It could also use tools, and created assault rifles to gun down any Carcharodontasaurus it saw.
@@rodrigopinto6676 my guy, you basically commented on other comments saying t -Rex is larger (Being a Dinosaur lover it's getting annoying on how fans do there bias comment like bro you're basically making comments popular..... And I would like you to keep up making it even more popular) You're still here???? Time Wasted :D
Holy moly dude! This video quality is top tier, Its smooth and feels like something you'd see in a dinosaur visual textbook. Keep up the awesome work man ❤
I think this is one of the best videos i've seen in UA-cam so far, its so complete, so well explained, so well illustrated, this, this is what I want my feed to look like
The list of Tyrannosaurids would make a great video, thanks! Ceratopsians would be cool too. But as I know it, there are around 50 genera of them, that's going to make a long video...
This was truly amazing. Spinosauridae is truly a mysterious, yet an incredible group of theropod dinosaurs. I got to know about Spinosaurids I didn’t even know existed. Nice work!👍🏼
Very comprehensive and informative, with as little conjecture as possible. Also, great artwork in the whole video. :) Hope you do videos like these for other families of dinosaurs and other extinct creatures!
Genuinely, dude, I don't know if you're the editor, but whoever edited this video deserves a medal. I've seen people with 15+ years of experience who couldn't even come close to editing this well. The animations are so fluid, nice, genuinely just pleasing to the eyes, and they keep your attention the whole time. I'm an editor, and I dream of being able to edit like this. I assumed just based on the first 30 seconds you'd have at least 5 million subs. Keep going, my friend, please; I miss seeing this high-quality content on this website.
Ok hear me out, I think Spinosaurus is bottom punting predator. Slowly sneaking up to unsuspecting fish and then strike like a cobra and if the fish is too big then it’s time to brawl with its huge claws before dragging its prey up to eat on the surface. And don’t say new study shows that Spinosaurus couldn’t dive. It’s just an indicator, not a conclusion. The study was conducted only on the bones which does not take the possible soft tissue into account. You know why hippo sink? Not because it got super dense, Hippo also got super dense musculature and very thick skin too. Can you imagine a hippo Spinosaurus? Chunky boy. I’m gonna hug him.
That is an interesting hypothesis but I don't think spinosaurus is a sub-aquous hunter. Partially submerged? Yes. A deep diving predator? Probably unlikely. The aquatic pursuit predator paper by Ibrahim (2020) has been contradicted by the shoreline generalist theory by Hone and Holtz (2021) and now the comparative bone density study by Fabbri and Ibrahim (2022) has been contradicted by Sereno et al (2024). They found substantial problems in the paper, the selection of samples are biased and the method used to come to the conclusion was inaccurate. The studies and subsequent claims by Nizar Ibrahim about spinosaurus since 2018 has been biased in my opinion. It's not scientifically based, rather more anecdotally driven.
Question teacher: Would Baryonyx be considered invalid because Suchosaurus was named first or would Suchosaurus be considered invalid because it is only based on tooth taxa? (I'd hate to lose a cool name, Baryonyx, to freaking tooth taxa. But still give me the facts.)
Good question, I'm actually not sure how they're able to retain the name "Baryonyx". It is true that based on the principle of priority according to the ICZN, Suchosaurus should have priority and thus render Baryonyx invalid. The arguments among paleontologists for keeping the name Baryonyx is that Baryonyx was based on a more solid materials (the Baryonyx holotype is around 60% of the skeleton), whereas Suchosaurus was only described based on a single worn tooth.
Still I'm not sure how that's able to override the principle of priority (since it is considered one of the most important principle in the zoological nomenclature). I'm willing to bet that the whole paleontology community just agrees to not give up such a cool name 😂
@@FactorTrace but you are not an expert in paleontology you only dedicate yourself to making videos with not so reliable information and poorly proportioned scales.
Only comment i would have is that on 14:44 the Tyrannosaurus should be way higher compared to the carcharodontosaurus, as T-Rex legs has shown to be taller than both Carcharodontosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Other than that, this is the best, most complete comprehensive video about the spinosauridae family i have ever seen, well done!
I love you’re absolute scientific accuracy in this video explaining the most mysterious and debated dinosaur groups! As a huge dinosaur fan and nerd, I can’t thank you enough for this video. ❤
I recently stumbled on your videos and they are incredible! So much information and I love that you include size and habitats along with time period. Your videos are so professional and I enjoy learning from them. Thank you so much for your hard work!
This is an amazing video, so much information told excellently. It is clear that so much effort and time has been put into this video. You are underrated!
Holy shit, first video I watched from this channel and the quality are insane The art, the animation and most important, how up to date it is (This is some next level of paleo-media content right here)
This is insane! I love the Spinosaurus (and by extent other Spinosaurids), and this video was a great way to learn about them all. You've got yourself a new subscriber, my dude, and I'm excited to see what else you have!
I cannot stress this enough: your infographic is brief but with very clear explanations, this is one of, if not the, MOST informative paleontology content I have ever found. Thank you! One question please: will you expand this "Every..., explained" into a series? I really wish there will be MORE of them, covering other clades, whether the fellow Saurischia, and/or branching to Ornithischia, or even to the rest of the prehistoric animals.
I noticed a few recurring questions or comments in this video, so here are my answers in case other viewers are asking the same.
1. Where is Vectispinus?
Vectispinus is not a formal name, the materials were described under the nickname “White Rock Spinosaurid”. The researchers considered naming it Vectispinus, but the genus was not formally erected.
2. How do we know the whole skeleton of a dinosaur based on a single tooth?
The answer is, we don’t. The whole body comes from other animals that are at least indicated to be closely related, in other words, assumption.
When only a single tooth fossil was found, we can only compare it to other known skulls or skeletons with similar teeth and assume the rest of the body is also similar. While in truth, the tooth itself might end up coming from a completely different organism.
This practice of naming new dinosaurs from incomplete and unclear materials has been commonly done since the dinosaur renaissance in the 60s and 70s, because frankly, everyone wants to name a dinosaur. This has resulted in messy naming and confusing taxonomic designations that we have to deal with today.
3. Why is Irritator the smallest spinosaurid?
Because it is. Other sources might give a much higher size estimate for irritator, but that is because they consider Angaturama to be its synonym (in which it might be). The specimen for Irritator itself is small. For the purpose of this video, I had to separate the 2 taxa, so I based the size estimates only from the corresponding materials.
If you have any questions about the topic of the video, you can comment down below!
Naming a dinosaur with a tooth is one of the craziest scientific thing I've ever seen. Let's be serious ! I don't trust anything about ancient animals unless it comes with significant evidences.
@@feuilledarbre8002That kinda happened to "Troodon"
😊
Thanks for the info!
Also, I thought Camarillasaurus was suppose to be this really small spinosaurid, what’s the explanation for it being so big in this video?
do it for ceratopsid
It is genuinely INSANE that I'm watching this completely for free, it's clear how much effort was put into this.
That's what I was thinking! It's been a while since I watched a video that made me go like "where do I need to pay to get more?"
same
this guy is too good for youtube
He literally said "idk how to pronounce this" for a scientific word. Wdym xD
@@ililllillillilliil8327 He means the editing and animations along with the research and effort put into this video, which I agree, is phenomenal.
The production quality of these videos is insane
Every single scene seems to be made with such attention to detail, just amazing!
@@Misp7423but the scale 14:43 is poorly made and poorly proportioned the tyrannosaurus rex is the largest
@@rodrigopinto6676 your father should've swallowed you.
@@rodrigopinto6676Tyrannosaurus is the largest because it’s the most robust making it the heaviest, but something like that isn’t represented from a side profile.
@@theholybuttfungus5911 again this is scale is poorly proportioned.!!!
Spinosaurid fossils when theres a natural/man-made disasters:
Aight, ima head out
Kinda ironic that the very first fossil remains for both Spinosaurus & Oxalaia happened to be destroyed, almost makes me wonder if that’s supposed to be some sort of sign that they’re the same species but they could also be two different subspecies of the same species.
@@Azureblue25the world fears the day we finally find spinosaurus' true form...
...godzilla
@@M4GN3T4RSpinosauriade skeletons self destruct 💀
@@M4GN3T4Rwhen I saw read more I thought it was gonna say spinofaarus
@@SumMfGooberthey passed the expiration date 💀
I work at a paleontology lab in Brazil and a interesting feature we see at Spinosaurids is the lack of information. Many of the remains are fragmented and this supports the thesis that they had semi aquatic habits. Why? Rivers are energic places, that transports organic matter and possibly fragments the most fragile remains
It's sad we have access to such a low percentage of the bones, but we can get new information based on that
Spinosaurid taxonomy try not being a mess challenge impossible 100%
On a real note, amazing job with everything we currently have to work with. I love your content and despite the rare uploads, its always worth it! You make the learning fun!
Haha that's true. Trying to find a complete and not confusing spinosaurid material: also challenge impossible
Thanks! I'm trying to balance quality with quantity lately. Hopefully I can make more videos quicker
@@FactorTrace That's great! Always make sure you guys focus on the quality overall
If I had a nickel for every time a Spinosaurid holotype has been destroyed within a museum fire, I'd have two nickels... But it's weird that it has happened twice...
Hamination reference real?
@@Little_ghost-d4i Can neither confirm or deny that statement....
@@Little_ghost-d4iIt’s from Phineas and Ferb.
@@tiramisuatinch5757 ok thx
@@Little_ghost-d4i nah bros ngl rn bro im subwd to u
What's better than 1 Spinosaurus? How about 20! :D
Haha exactly! Good news, we're bound to get more as more specimens are being discovered 😂
@@FactorTracethis animal was not "bigger" than tyrannosaurus rex.!!!
@FactorTrace the yellow ones is very exaggerated in size🤔.
@FactorTrace 14:42 outdated comparison a poorly made and poorly proportioned scale the tyrannosaurus rex is the largest.
Non @@rodrigopinto6676
Wow! Fantastic! The pictures, reconstructions, skeletal models, geographic mapping, animations, size scaling, phylogenetic record, fossil record, scientific data and history about this theropod family are all incredible! Love the spinosaurids! Love this video! Bravo, Eric Lim! I'm looking forward for your next scientific videos! :D
Thank you very much! I'm glad to know that my hard work putting in the details doesn't go unappreciated. New videos are in the works, stay tuned!
As a big spinosaurus enthusiast, I've been keeping a list of all species (including the dubious and synonym ones) descibed through the years, and updating it as long as a new one "dropped". The moment I opened this video I opened the list and counted 'em all. I don't know if I'm happy either because I managed to not miss any of them through all this years or because you managed to put all in one video! And with good illustrations. This was surely a lot of work and research, good job! Waited too long for someone to put all species together without missing one or two "synonyms", but the wait was worth it!!!
On a side note: with the velocity new species has been described recently, I wouldn't be surprised with another one dropping in the future. Hope the next ones get a way to be updated/added to this video, or a new one including them! :)
Do you mean Enthusiast?
@@Daycore_2006 exactly, thanks for the correction
@dinosaurs_can_fly np
I'm glad the UA-cam algorithm brought me to this video. You deserve at least 500k subscribers with this quality. Keep up the amazing work!
Thank you! Still working on getting more recognition
At least 500k? Nah he deserves millions 😂
@@FactorTracengl I thought with the amount of quality in this video that you would have atleast a mil
It still baffles me that these very high quality beautiful videos get so little views.
Very good work yet again, thank you for it
Thank you very much! Still figuring out how the UA-cam algo works
@FactorTrace I think all you can do is try to gather loyal subscribers and keep the quality up.
And you are currently doing these things really well, keep it up 🙏
this is honestly the most accurate and best educational spinosaur video on the platform at the minute
props to you!
Dude!! This video is awesome, I've never seen this convoluted yet awesome group of dinosaurs explained so succinctly. Plus realistic paleoart to match?? You've blown me away, definitely earned a subscriber, and you deserve way more. I can't wait to hopefully see more of this kind of content from you. Keep it up!
Glad you enjoyed it and thanks for subscribing! I'm no paleoartist, but glad my reconstructions make the cut.
Wow the quality of this video is incredible. Hope you get more traction for this, because this is criminally underrated.
Thank you! I hope so too
Spinosaurus being my personal favourite dinosaur of all time, this video has been a remarkable introduction to your channel. After checking out some of your other videos, I truly believe that your absolute professionalism and sophisticated presentation makes your channel deserving of way more attention.
With the d-riding out of the way, keep it up man!
This channel needs to blow up. The quality of content and information is really good
Jesus Christ the quality of this video is magnificent you earned new subscriber mate!
Just found out about this channel, dude if you ever manage, please make more based on more families/clades, the production quality is insane!
I was not only blown away by the production quality, but especially the ending with this epic story quickly recapping the video, it was just phenomenal!
Great job 🙌
Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you
People have been mostly asking for the carnivores, but I'd personally love to see a breakdown of Hadrosaurs; mainly thanks to their diversity. 🙂
The Hadrosaurid is on the roster! I'll be working on them in the future
@@FactorTrace 😍
The sheer amount of work put into this is incredible. Using a fully illustrated profile for each dinosaur, showing a diagram of each formation's biodiversity, full skeletal silhouettes, etc. The level of detail is on par with a modern museum exhibit.
This is an insanely well made video! Deserves way more views, bravo!
Thank you! I really appreciate it
This is one of the most Informative and well animated paleovids I’ve seen in a long time. Keep up the good work!
0:00 - Start
0:29 - Spinosaurine vs Baryonychines
1:15 - _Irritator challengeri_
2:20 - _Vallibonavenatrix cani_
2:44 - _Ceratosuchops inferodios_
3:15 - _Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus_
3:41 - _Angaturama limai_ (possible Irritator synonym)
4:45 - _Iberospinus natarioi_
5:26 - _Camarillasaurus cirugedae_ (possible Iberospinus synonym)
5:49 - _Riparovenator milnerae_
6:41 - _Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis_ (nomen dubium)
7:01 - _Siamosaurus suteethorni_
7:50 - _Riojavenatrix lacustris_
8:16 - _Suchosaurus cultridens, girardi_ (nomen dubium, possible Baryonyx synonym)
8:45 - _Baryonyx walkeri_
9:29 - _Ichthyovenator laosensis_
10:14 - _Cristatusaurus lapparenti_ (possible Suchomimus synonym)
10:45 - _Suchomimus tenerensis_
12:24 - _Protathlitis cinctorrensis_
13:06 - _Oxalaia quilombensis_ (suggested Spinosaurus synonym)
13:46 - _Sigilmassasaurus brevicolis_ (suggested Spinosaurus synonym)
14:34 - _Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, maroccanus_
16:55 - Conclusion
Thanks for all the incredible effort you put into this video!
Please, do this more and more fam!!! These are gorgeous dino desing, rigourose scientific reasearching and reference, well explained, and beautiful and soft edition!! I would love to see this kind of videos every week!! Or monthly, i love this.
Theres a lack of this quality videos out there. Hope you the best and see more and more of this.
I am from south Spain, i didnt know there were such an amount of Spinosaurids founded here in the Peninsula!
i would love to watch a video about the history and importance behind the Iguanodon!!❤
Hey! I remember watching your original Spinosaurus video from a couple years ago. It's sure been a while and I gotta say, you definitely improved. The organization and consistency whilst being easy to follow to the end is just done amazingly! 🙌🔥
Now for my personal take on the Sub-Aquaeous Forager vs Terrestrial Wader theory, I have a feeling some miscommunication is at play here because both sides of the argument are technically "correct", it's just that the main takeaway is how would it actually function as a predator because Sereno and Myrvhold et al didn't necessarily present any proper evidence aside to "debunk" the Sub-Aquaeous Forager theory aside from just critiquing it and in fairness, Ibrahim and Fabbri's team has access to original material and they too critiqued Sereno and Myrvhold et al's paper that's presently seen in the same 2024 paper and how they didn't get the information correct such as suggesting Spinosaurus was only dense in the legs but the rest of its body was hollow like that of other theropods which isn't seen in the actual skeleton and etc. Not to mention Ibrahim and Fabbri also have their own pre-print paper ready to go for a follow up response to Myrvhold et al's 2024 paper, so it's safe to say the debate isn't stopping anytime soon unless we find much more remains lol
Now the main argument I standby is a Hippo because fun fact, Hippos can't actually swim at all, but they can submerge and forage underwater to the point they're even seen chasing after speedboats out of aggression and or territorial behavior and that's thanks to just having dense bones alone which could explain both sides of the argument of how Spino can be a Sub-Aquaeous Forager whilst also being able to be a Terrestrial Wader/Hunter.
Yeah, I think a generalist hunter between land and water makes the most sense.
The 2021 paper by Hone and Holtz actually presented this idea. Out of every aquatic adaptations spinosaurus had, none of it hinders the idea of a generalist predator that hunts near water or partially in water. But the terrestrial morphological features directly hinders the sub-aquaeous forager hypothesis.
The problem I have with Ibrahim's depiction of Spinosaurus is that he tries to depict it as an obligate aquatic hunter. The heavy bones would help the animal while hunting partially submerged, but it doesn't directly prove it going fully underwater to catch prey.
It's almost like finding out that chicken's bones structure can accomodate flying, it means chickens must've hunted in mid-air like some raptors do.
Maybe it can allow spinosaurus to dive and grab something from the bottom of the river, but I doubt being fully submerged is spinosaurus' primarily hunting strategy.
@@FactorTrace Fair enough, though I do believe having dense bones littered across your whole body from head to toe would definitely help keep you submerged, maybe not for an exorbitant amount of time like crocodiles, but maybe just enough where the animal can grab something sustainable enough and or it could just go do the Grizzly Bear tactic on land since it was still a giant theropod. That's also personally why I believe Spino could be a mix of both sides, like being able to hunt on both land and water is literally the most broken and exploited niche that any theropod could do.
But until then, this is exactly why we need more remains to study and less theory paper contests between paleontologists, like why don't we just send out more expeditions? lol
@@carnoraptor79 "super dense bones" but very graceful and thin structure.
@@carnoraptor79 definitely the spinosaurus was not a good "swimmer"
@@carnoraptor79 wrong "arguments" the spinosaurus is more like a HERON not "croc" and not "grizzly bear" boomer.
Thank you for this. I love your channel so much, best one I've ever subscribed to
Thank you back! I appreciate your support
Now this is a fascinating video to stumble upon. Cool to see other Spinosaurids that are found so far besides of course the Spinosaurus, Suchomimus, and Baryonyx.
Thank you for making this video on one of my favorite types of dinosaurs out in the world.
I think this is my favorite video on youtube. Spinosoaurus, and every other spinosaurid, are my favorite living creatures, and getting to hear them get talked about in depth, all in one place??? Unbelievable. Thank you for making this incredible video!!!!
I was very happy to find a video like this exists on the internet. As a fan of all things Spinosaur, I've longed for a complete list of every Spinosaurid discovered, as of yet.
I was genuinely impressed by the quality of this video. Instantly a new subscriber.
This was absolutely amazing - very informative, simple enough in the explanations, and with incredible visuals to make it interesting for the layperson. Please, keep doing more on dinosaur groups!!! Would love to see one on the tyrannosaur group, dromaeosaurs, lesser-known triassic and permian groups, etc!
Bro you EARNED a new subscriber. You clearly know your stuff, your editing is impecable, and i can hear passion in your speech. I’m eager to see how you grow as a paleo content creator/science communicator.
Excelent video! Its good to have video which easily explains this enigmatic family of dinosaurs! 👌
Thank you! I hope it helps inform people about the spinosaurids
*Great video, I've noticed your channel doesn't have many views but i think the algorithm is starting to pick you up since i was recommended this video yesterday and i had never heard of you beforehand.*
"A very complete fossil of a Spinosaurid, with 5 whole teeth and one damaged spinal bone."
this was a mesmerizing video to watch. it looks beautiful, all the information is presented clearly and the visuals are sleek, effective, and interesting. there's just the right amount of movement on screen and the drawings/animations are just gorgeous. i am in awe at the graphic design (and i came here for the dinosaurs)
You're so underrated. Your videos have documentary level quality in them. Hope you get more subscribers soon.
You are in every video about kaijus or dinos
First video, and I can already tell this channel deserves so much more recognition then it has 🔥
Valinonaventrix! I have been in love with dinosaurs for nearly 3 decades. Educating myself on them is quite literally an obsessive past time. So how is that obsessed never heard of this animals absurdist, bouncy, long name!? I'm baked right now and can't stop laughing at myself trying to say if. I'm gonna name a project that has been lacking a name this.
How am I only just discovering this channel? These are some of the best paleontology related videos I've ever seen on UA-cam.
Spinosaurus : Oh wow , new look for me!
Paleo News : Spinosaurus isn't aquactic!
Spinosaurus : Not again...
The spinosaurus was not a good "swimmer" however the tyrannosaurus rex was an excellent swimmer
The Spinosaurus could not swim, however it could split its sail in half and use it as a pair of wings to fly. It could also use tools, and created assault rifles to gun down any Carcharodontasaurus it saw.
They could swim, the bones used for the research wasn't accurate
@@rodrigopinto6676 my guy, you basically commented on other comments saying t -Rex is larger
(Being a Dinosaur lover it's getting annoying on how fans do there bias comment like bro you're basically making comments popular.....
And I would like you to keep up making it even more popular)
You're still here????
Time Wasted :D
LOL 😂 @@teddyrichard1488
Holy moly dude! This video quality is top tier, Its smooth and feels like something you'd see in a dinosaur visual textbook. Keep up the awesome work man ❤
I think this is one of the best videos i've seen in UA-cam so far, its so complete, so well explained, so well illustrated, this, this is what I want my feed to look like
I'm so impressed by the quality of this video! Jaw droping indeed.
Great work!
This video is a masterpiece
unreal production quality and amazing video all around instantly favorite channel
This was an incredible video. I’m hoping we get breakdowns for the Tyrannosaurids and the Ceratopsians.
The list of Tyrannosaurids would make a great video, thanks! Ceratopsians would be cool too. But as I know it, there are around 50 genera of them, that's going to make a long video...
@@FactorTrace How about in 2 parts about ceratopsians?
@@FactorTrace"14/15 meters" outdated estimated the spinosaurus was shorter than previously.
@FactorTrace this animal was very graceful and thin compared to tyrannosaurus rex was an absolute unit(powerhouse).
@@FactorTraceabelisaurids?
This is the first time I saw your videos, the level of quality is amazing. Subscribed!
Until I saw this video I didn't even know Spinosaurus had such a large family and relatives like Baryonyx and Suchomimus.
This was truly amazing. Spinosauridae is truly a mysterious, yet an incredible group of theropod dinosaurs. I got to know about Spinosaurids I didn’t even know existed. Nice work!👍🏼
T rex is considerably more interesting animal than spinosaurus.
@@rodrigopinto6676 No one asked for your opinion bud.
That’s totally your opinion and I respect that. But I personally find the Spinosauridae family EQUALLY as interesting.@@rodrigopinto6676
@@rodrigopinto6676 Are you a nine year old? Why are you genuinely trying to start a "wHicH dInO iS tHe CoOlEsT" argument rn?
@@wasperfly are you a boomer or t rex=hater????
Amazing video! A very well done and neat job. I liked that you talked about a little of their niche and their contexts. I would like to see more
Awesome, thank you! I'll be creating more similar videos
The real question is, why do they love Spain so much?
Haha yeah exactly! It's always in Spain or England
Paella
That is why they were once named Spainosaurids. Good thing they unearthed Spinosaurus so they changed it
@@kevinncacdac5820damn I thought I was creative for thinking Spainosaurid
It’s because it’s a spainosaurus
This was so well edited and put together, thank you!
Welcome back
You are the most underrated UA-cam channel i’ve ever seen. I hope you to be more valued! You deserve million subs! Gratz. ❤
Your videos are great ❤❤❤
Thank you so much 😀
Very comprehensive and informative, with as little conjecture as possible. Also, great artwork in the whole video. :) Hope you do videos like these for other families of dinosaurs and other extinct creatures!
Guy took "name every dinosaur" as a challenge
Genuinely, dude, I don't know if you're the editor, but whoever edited this video deserves a medal. I've seen people with 15+ years of experience who couldn't even come close to editing this well. The animations are so fluid, nice, genuinely just pleasing to the eyes, and they keep your attention the whole time. I'm an editor, and I dream of being able to edit like this. I assumed just based on the first 30 seconds you'd have at least 5 million subs. Keep going, my friend, please; I miss seeing this high-quality content on this website.
Ok hear me out, I think Spinosaurus is bottom punting predator. Slowly sneaking up to unsuspecting fish and then strike like a cobra and if the fish is too big then it’s time to brawl with its huge claws before dragging its prey up to eat on the surface.
And don’t say new study shows that Spinosaurus couldn’t dive. It’s just an indicator, not a conclusion. The study was conducted only on the bones which does not take the possible soft tissue into account. You know why hippo sink? Not because it got super dense, Hippo also got super dense musculature and very thick skin too. Can you imagine a hippo Spinosaurus? Chunky boy. I’m gonna hug him.
Those fish were not that big.
@@rodrigopinto6676 are you calling a 5 meters long coelacanth Mawsonia small?
just a reminder that fish like Mawsonia were heavier then dinosaurs like carnotaurus @@rodrigopinto6676
That is an interesting hypothesis but I don't think spinosaurus is a sub-aquous hunter. Partially submerged? Yes. A deep diving predator? Probably unlikely.
The aquatic pursuit predator paper by Ibrahim (2020) has been contradicted by the shoreline generalist theory by Hone and Holtz (2021) and now the comparative bone density study by Fabbri and Ibrahim (2022) has been contradicted by Sereno et al (2024). They found substantial problems in the paper, the selection of samples are biased and the method used to come to the conclusion was inaccurate.
The studies and subsequent claims by Nizar Ibrahim about spinosaurus since 2018 has been biased in my opinion. It's not scientifically based, rather more anecdotally driven.
@@kearsargeyt8848 only 4 meters and weight only 150 kilograms.
MORE VIDS LIKE THIS PLSSS! This is like some documentary level production and visuals, can't wait for future vids. Keep it up! 🦖🦖
If Sevilla won that year’s Europa League, that name would’nt even be suggested 😂😂😂😂😂
Superb content! All your content is fantastic, and this video is no different. The writing and delivery is top notch!
Thanks again!
I once found a rock that looked like a piece of a bone. It must have been a spinosaurus.
Lol!
This content deserves a whole hour on National Geographic, I enjoyed it so much just for the images graphics and straight info 👍👍
Question teacher:
Would Baryonyx be considered invalid because Suchosaurus was named first or would Suchosaurus be considered invalid because it is only based on tooth taxa?
(I'd hate to lose a cool name, Baryonyx, to freaking tooth taxa. But still give me the facts.)
Good question, I'm actually not sure how they're able to retain the name "Baryonyx". It is true that based on the principle of priority according to the ICZN, Suchosaurus should have priority and thus render Baryonyx invalid.
The arguments among paleontologists for keeping the name Baryonyx is that Baryonyx was based on a more solid materials (the Baryonyx holotype is around 60% of the skeleton), whereas Suchosaurus was only described based on a single worn tooth.
Still I'm not sure how that's able to override the principle of priority (since it is considered one of the most important principle in the zoological nomenclature). I'm willing to bet that the whole paleontology community just agrees to not give up such a cool name 😂
@@FactorTrace but you are not an expert in paleontology you only dedicate yourself to making videos with not so reliable information and poorly proportioned scales.
This video is AMAZING!! So much accurate research and incredible art! So underrated!
Man why do the coolest dinosaurs always gotta have some of the most fragmented fossils :(
I love the quality and animation of this video, I can’t get over it!
I like all spinosaur!😊
Only comment i would have is that on 14:44 the Tyrannosaurus should be way higher compared to the carcharodontosaurus, as T-Rex legs has shown to be taller than both Carcharodontosaurus and Giganotosaurus. Other than that, this is the best, most complete comprehensive video about the spinosauridae family i have ever seen, well done!
That "scale" is poorly made the tyrannosaurus should be the largest.
It’s comparing by length which with a few google searches(which may be outdated) show that Carcharodontosaurus is longer
@ToughieTheRabbsFringeLimbedTre in fact the carcha is shorter than t rex.
I love all them.
This is an unreasonably based video. Being this based is illegal and I’m sorry to say your under arrest
What?
Bro, this video is very well done and it shows that he has a lot of work behind him, great work!
Gemstone channel
Thanks for sticking around!
your so underrated dude the production quality is insane+
Thanks! Still working on getting more recognition
epic
I love you’re absolute scientific accuracy in this video explaining the most mysterious and debated dinosaur groups! As a huge dinosaur fan and nerd, I can’t thank you enough for this video. ❤
Well hello there
I've never seen such a Amazing Video about Spinosaurids like this before
What a surprise! Happy to find some good quality content these days. I just discovered the channel, and I liked it so much. Keep it up :)
Liked and subscribed !
It is the most complete and comprehensive video on the subject. It is clear, well illustrated and everything is up to date.
Thanks I appreciate it! Thank you for subbing
My grandpa used to live in Laos, but he moved to America and it’s cool to see a type of spinosaurines from Laos 🇱🇦
He is also Thai
I recently stumbled on your videos and they are incredible! So much information and I love that you include size and habitats along with time period. Your videos are so professional and I enjoy learning from them. Thank you so much for your hard work!
I just found your channel and I love it. Keep up the good work!😊
Woah, this is amazing! Great animation and design. You’re criminally underrated
You should make more of these for other Dinosaur Families. This video is amazing!
Thanks! That's the plan
This is an amazing video, so much information told excellently. It is clear that so much effort and time has been put into this video. You are underrated!
OMG, pls keep this series up. This is such a high quality video!
Holy shit, first video I watched from this channel and the quality are insane
The art, the animation and most important, how up to date it is (This is some next level of paleo-media content right here)
Thank you, I really appreciate that!
this video is fantastic! Baryonyx being one of my favorite dinosaurs made this so enjoyable to watch
definitely want more of these
"This is the most complete spinosaurid skeleton ever found"
Three bones, one of which turns out to be from a dog that was run over nearby
The quality of these videos are nothing short of excellent!
13:45 so yeah, you dont want to be close to a museum with spinosaurid remains
insanely high quality video, good job man i love this!
This is insane! I love the Spinosaurus (and by extent other Spinosaurids), and this video was a great way to learn about them all. You've got yourself a new subscriber, my dude, and I'm excited to see what else you have!
Thanks a ton! I appreciate it
I cannot stress this enough: your infographic is brief but with very clear explanations, this is one of, if not the, MOST informative paleontology content I have ever found. Thank you!
One question please: will you expand this "Every..., explained" into a series? I really wish there will be MORE of them, covering other clades, whether the fellow Saurischia, and/or branching to Ornithischia, or even to the rest of the prehistoric animals.