Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Experiments in Potentially Pandemic Pathogens
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- Опубліковано 10 лют 2015
- The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk's January 2015 Seminar, with Professor Marc Lipsitch (Harvard) and Professor Derek Smith (Cambridge).
A growing trend in experimental virology has been the modification of influenza viruses that are antigenically novel to, and virulent in humans, such that these variant viruses are readily transmissible in mammals, including ferrets which are thought to be the best animal model for influenza infection. Novel, contagious, virulent viruses are potential pandemic pathogens in that their accidental or malevolent release into the human population could cause a pandemic.
Professor Marc Lipsitch (Harvard) describes the purported benefits of such studies, arguing that these are overstated; estimates the magnitude of the risk they create, argues for the superiority of alternative scientific approaches on both safety and scientific grounds, and proposes an ethical framework in which such experiments should be evaluated. The talk also explore recent developments following the pause in funding for this research announced by the United States Government in October, and steps towards the risk-benefit analysis called for by the announcement.
Professor Lipsitch is a professor of epidemiology and the Director of the Centre for Communicable Disease Dynamics at Harvard University. He is one of the founders of the Cambridge Working group, which calls for a “quantitative, objective and credible assessment of the risks, potential benefits, and opportunities for risk mitigation” of gain of function experiments in potentially pandemic pathogen strains.
A response is given by Professor Derek Smith, Professor of Infectious Disease Informatics at Cambridge University. - Наука та технологія
100% risk 0% benefit. thanks a lot guys stellar work..
Outstanding, make it more virulent
@@bodgertime they're doing their damndest to do that 🤬
lol wow you guys are virologists ;)
@@alpha.wintermute you don't need to be a virologist to understand this is a bad idea
@@danbeswick9737 you might think so, but in practice you are wrong. GOF is how they do virology now days because you cant study some viruses without it
A very simplistic analogy for the pro GOF argument of Professor Smith seems to be..........
I will keep throwing gasoline then matches onto my house to see how much gasoline is needed to make it burn down. This knowledge will help me figure out how to fireproof my house in the future. And it's also the best way of working out how to fireproof my house.
Still going strong. Would be funny if it wasn't true.
Unfortunately, viruses are not fire, the human body is not a house, and chemistry is not physics
Yeah, but your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn't stop to think if they should. - Jeff Goldblum
Reminds me of Edward Teller spending his life waiting for his neutron bomb to show how well it could destroy.
Excellent line from Jurassic Park.
Haha one of my favorite movies I quote it all the time. Thanks for sharing
@@richardlanahan8089 Teller would only allow white drivers to take him to and from Lawrence Labs. That and bombs don't go well together.
@@jojo2979 Was he racist?
How relevant today.
it IS today. Where do you think COVID came from?
After 3 million Deaths from Covid and going up worldwide I expect justice to be served. People hiding behind the White House tree need to brought to justice. For him to get on National TV and Lie to the American public knowing all the documents that show otherwise, does he think we are stupid ? No matter what party you belong too ! People are still dying!
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5708621/
Some things in Nature should be left alone !
A lot of people involved in this from Bilderberg Group
I'm not a scientist, I'm a lawyer. I find gain of function highly unethical. The crux of it is, that instead of focusing on virus prevention from crowded and filthy living conditions for animals and humans, we continue to damage our environment and engage in frankly stupid methods to farm animals and clear natural land just for profit and then try to produce vaccines to viruses that could potentially exist. We want to sell medicines and vaccines instead of just change our farming and living conditions or eating habits. We are actually the cause of viruses and our health conditions. Instead of small scale farming in a healthy way, we instead want to have massive farms and treat living creatures like products and want to raise them in a production line. When will we learn? We clear off land, natural predators of pests are killed off and then we have plagues of locusts, mice etc. I know humans will never take the route of least resistance and treat animals, and the earth with respect but its really stupid. The most intelligent people in the world who have the capacity to create viruses, won't push for ethical farming and living conditions as law to prevent pandemics. I can go on and write a whole thesis on my views but this is only a comment section.
Still can't see how these experiments were ever supposed to yield any good outcome!
Download this video, keep it safe.
Excellent suggestion.
Did so in 03/2020, along with those showing Fauci being a cheerleader for GoF of PPP's. It's amazing to now watch him pretend otherwise.
@@kakistocracyusa Right. Their lies are so blatant. What contempt must Fauci have for us, the little people whose tax dollars he dispenses and whose lives he’s ruined, that he makes such easily disproven claims.
Reminds me of Peter Daszak of EcoHealth insisting it was a “conspiracy theory” that the WIV held live bats. Lo and behold, there are videos of the poor little guys on the premises…
When is the medical community going to step forward and tell the people NIH and Eco Health Alliance gave Biological Pathogen Gain Of Function Ferret research to Wahun Lab for continued research and funding with Bat research ?
When? Maybe never. IMHO, because these gain-of-function research studies are probably part of this evil plan, and it may have all started with the formation of the Rockefeller Foundation. And a large chunk of their endgame for this plan is trans-humanism. The sociopaths in power (Bill Gates, Klaus Schwab, etc.) have all the money in the world. What they seek now is complete control and this experimental vaccine is just the begging part of this evil plan to control the population of the world through trans-humanism. What they and their ilk and bloodlines look forward to the most is seeing a majority of, if not all, the population of Earth wanting or needing some form of patented bio-synthetic part, or to be fully bio-synthetic. At that point, those new sociopaths in power will legally own bio-synthetic bodies, patented babies will be born in labs, etc. which means most of Mankind will no longer be from Nature, away from God. Because what is of and/or made from Nature cannot be legally patented or legally owned. And what is adversary to Nature, or God, is Satanic - not the Hollywood kind with the pitchfork and pointed tail, but just the simple act or behavior against Nature, or God. What will happen when these bio-synthetic parts malfunction or fail? Who will they have to turn to in order to fix them? The sociopaths in power. And this cycle will continue for a very, very long time. Revelation 9:6 "During those days people will seek death but will not find it; they will long to die, but death will elude them."
China was able to do this because Dr. Anthony Fauci’s NIAID provided the money to do so!
The NIH research consisted of two parts. The first part began in 2014 and involved surveillance of bat coronaviruses, and had a budget of $3.7 million. The program funded Shi Zheng-Li, a virologist at the Wuhan lab, and other researchers to investigate and catalogue bat coronaviruses in the wild. This part of the project was completed in 2019.
A second phase of the project, beginning that year, included additional surveillance work but also gain-of-function research for the purpose of understanding how bat coronaviruses could mutate to attack humans. The project was run by EcoHealth Alliance, a non-profit research group, under the direction of President Peter Daszak, an expert on disease ecology. NIH canceled the project just this past Friday, April 24th, Politico reported. Daszak did not immediately respond to requests for interview.
@@moakeettutsuwa2875
China Wuhan Covid Ferret/Bat research
China was able to do this because Dr. Anthony Fauci’s NIAID provided the money to do so!
The NIH research consisted of two parts. The first part began in 2014 and involved surveillance of bat coronaviruses, and had a budget of $3.7 million. The program funded Shi Zheng-Li, a virologist at the Wuhan lab, and other researchers to investigate and catalogue bat coronaviruses in the wild. This part of the project was completed in 2019.
A second phase of the project, beginning that year, included additional surveillance work but also gain-of-function research for the purpose of understanding how bat coronaviruses could mutate to attack humans. The project was run by EcoHealth Alliance, a non-profit research group, under the direction of President Peter Daszak, an expert on disease ecology. NIH canceled the project just this past Friday, April 24th 2020 Politico reported. Daszak did not immediately respond to requests for interview.
US gives Anthony Fauci a Security Detail
I guess the truth about NIH and Wuhan Lab joint Covid research program secret is discovered.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5708621/
Watched Prof M. Lipsitch calling out this travesty of irresponsible research (GoF of PPP's) long before this current debate. They would invite him to present as the lone naysayer at the virology conferences, and then glibly ignore his warnings and calls for genuine, honest risk/benefit analyses.
The reason for Gain Of Function research - - funding
The risks of gain of function research - Worldwide pandemics with millions of deaths.
@@TheParadigmShiftTV Technically not a risk if this was the plan the whole time. But yeah.
Funding, yes, but also, IMHO, a large chunk of the endgame is trans-humanism. The sociopaths in power (Bill Gates, Klaus Schwab, etc.) have all the money in the world. What they and their ilk and bloodlines look forward to the most is seeing a large part of the population of Earth wanting, or needing some form of patented bio-synthetic part or to be fully bio-synthetic. At this point, these sociopaths in power will own these bio-synthetic bodies, babies will be born in labs, etc. which means most of Mankind will no longer be from Nature, away from God. Because what is of and/or made from Nature cannot be legally patented or legally owned. And what is adversary to Nature, or God, is Satanic - not the Hollywood kind with the pitchfork and pointed tail, but just the simple act or behavior against Nature, or God. What will happen when these bio-synthetic parts malfunction or fail? Who will they have to turn to in order to fix them? The sociopaths in power. And this cycle will continue for a very, very long time. Revelation 9:6 "During those days people will seek death but will not find it; they will long to die, but death will elude them."
China was able to do the Covid research because Dr. Anthony Fauci’s NIH provided the money to do so!
The NIH research consisted of two parts. The first part began in 2014 and involved surveillance of bat coronaviruses, and had a budget of $3.7 million. The program funded Shi Zheng-Li, a virologist at the Wuhan lab, and other researchers to investigate and catalogue bat / Ferret coronaviruses in the wild. This part of the project was completed in 2019.
A second phase of the project, beginning that year, included additional surveillance work but also gain-of-function research for the purpose of understanding how bat coronaviruses could mutate to attack humans. The project was run by EcoHealth Alliance, a non-profit research group, under the direction of President Peter Daszak, an expert on disease ecology. NIH canceled the project just this past Friday, April 24th 2020 and Politico reported. Daszak did not immediately respond to requests for interview. NIH and Eco Health Alliance gave US Covid Gain Of Function Ferret research to the Wuhan Lab to continue its project that was defunded by Obama. Shi Zheng Li continued the research using her Bat research combined with NIH Ferret research from Ft Detrick and the later Eco Health Alliance in NY.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5708621/
Smoking Document from NIH that shows NIH funding Covid research at the Wuhan Lab in nov 2017. Please share with your Congressman and Senator demand a investigation
Scientist get excited when they think they're on the edge of a breakthrough. So it is unlikely that one of them will interrupt thing and say: Guys, maybe we shouldn't be doing this?
How many groups of scientists (and all the controlling, organising, financing - etc - institutions) need to be involved to even get close to such a point.
Don't act like the world is a Hollywood movie!
Information on most of the steps leading to any kind of "breakthrough" are easily accessible, available for most of us.
But the so called public debates reveal (excuse my opennes) reveal how stupid we are. Master level Dunning-Kruegers spreading the truest Truth and masses following them.
That's not to say that the "mainstream " folk would be any better in general.
But if we as society can't trust the consensus agreed upon by those who knows the most about, than we are doomed. Of course, proper consensus needs time to settle, and experts has to take into consideration the relevant OPINIONS of any of us.
But this is one crucial problem surfacing in this pandemic, that every Jane and Joe thinks that s(he) has RELEVANT opinions even on highly complicated aspects of any topic
The second speaker, with his "optimism" was more or less talking about the question whether the glass is half full or half empty, and he believes that it might be filled one day. The first speaker didn't make such claims. He understands that we can't even begin to estimate the volume of the glass, and so the question of half full or half empty is completely unanswerable. Nature at any time has quasi infinitely more possible Pandera's boxes - "between heaven and earth" - than anyone can imagine. That's why, even if the risks can be minimized, the benefits may be just the elusive dream that we could predict evolution by lab experiments. We can't - because nature is completely myopic and has no plans. Nature neither has a plan to kill us all nor the opposite. This whole program of gain of function research on potential pandemic pathogens will go the way as the release of hares in Australia or the extermination of mosquitos, except that it may be much more lethal and cause new fantastic ecological catastrophes as "unintended consequences."
Panderas box ?.. Hare's in Australia ?.. Wtf are you on ?...
Go away and learn to spell, Then do your research.... But please don't come back !!!
yeahh humans are like a curious schrödinger cat.
suprised Fauci didn't have this removed
NIH did remove everything after 2018 concerning Eco Health Alliance and Wuhan
They contracted the Covid research out to Eco Health Alliance in NY then Eco Health Alliance subcontract it out to the Wuhan Lab as 3rd Party to continue the Covid research. Documents clearly show funding money going to Eco Health Alliance. But I cannot access Eco Health Alliance documents for review. I have one NIH document that shows NIH funded the Wuhan Lab in Covid research and shows the Gain of Function project number dated 2017 Nov.
Save it while you can before it’s scrubbed, like all evidence of the WIV employees who have disappeared.
Gain of function experiment 2021:
“Variants”
NIH joint Covid research with Wuhan Lab.
China was able to do this because Dr. Anthony Fauci’s NIAID provided the money to do so!
The NIH research consisted of two parts. The first part began in 2014 and involved surveillance of bat coronaviruses, and had a budget of $3.7 million. The program funded Shi Zheng-Li, a virologist at the Wuhan lab, and other researchers to investigate and catalogue bat coronaviruses in the wild. This part of the project was completed in 2019.
A second phase of the project, beginning that year, included additional surveillance work but also gain-of-function research for the purpose of understanding how bat coronaviruses could mutate to attack humans. The project was run by EcoHealth Alliance, a non-profit research group, under the direction of President Peter Daszak, an expert on disease ecology. NIH canceled the project just this past Friday, April 24th, Politico reported. Daszak did not immediately respond to requests for interview.
@@trumpie5399 Thank you!
@@trumpie5399 And the accompanying vaccine
patents.justia.com/patent/20170096455
Smoking NIH document that links Covid research funding to Wuhan Lab in 2017 Nov
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5708621/
@@trumpie5399 so what if we stop researching viruses?
Here because of Rand Paul and Fauxci exchange
“You ever get the feeling we’re the baddies?”
Whos still watching this in August '21 woohoo!
Wow. Now I understand what led to the pandemic which killed so many people around the world.
@ Paul Frank Ivermectin prevents & treats. 2 discoverers shared Nobel 2015. Much safer than aspirin. Iodine mouthwash zaps virus. Nose sprays also work. Fluvoxamine (Columbine med) & HCQ plus zinc work. I'm not sure which lab it came from or that it matters. Wuhan funded by U.S. and from UNC vs. Fort Detrick leak /closure 2019 and military games in Wuhan 10 - 19. Maybe Siberia like comment below yours. July 24 is World Ivermectin Day.
Dr. Brian Tyson has saved over 6,000 in Imperial Valley CA. at his Urgent Care Clinic. Mostly overweight Mexican Americans of all ages including seniors. He doesn't like jabs.
Fauci :the risk are worth it ,
Really?
wow.. this should be shared. This is the precursor to Covid-19
...and now we have the Novel-Covid19. Wait there's more it just happens to have the Gain-of-Function mutation. Who's the genius taking responsibility on this one. I'm dying to find out!
It wouldn't even have to be an artificial mutation. Someone is responsible for placing a virology institute filled with diseased animals in a city centre 80 meters from an open air market
Fauchi, Redfield and Gates!
Gates can't keep his money in his pocket until the entire world is Vaccinated using a vaccine from a virus made much more VIRULENT after it's been arrogantly played around with the fact that using any "gain of function" can and has had very nefarious consequences!
All one has to do is see what these "vaccines", made from experimenting with "gain of function" has done to millions and millions of innocent people across Africa and India, left paralyzed, sterilized, or DEAD.
Kochs Postulates has proven this.
These careless narcissistic people are of a vile type only interested in a fame which will ultimately lead their names into the most wayward and SINISTER INFAMY in SCIENTIFIC HISTORY !
@@moodydude565 I think that would be U.s. taxpayers.
Wu Han lab
what exactly is "the gain of function mutation"???
Interesting Gate Foundation was involved in GOF research and stopped funding it. Gate seems to be pretty involved and associated with Covid19 now
Wow just wow
This is why I can't go to a bar ! TY
The current pandemic which came from 1 of the 2 labs in Wuhan gives you the answer to the question of whether the risks outweigh the benefits.
please show me the evidence that convinced you that covid19 came from one of these labs in wuhan
@@ryrez4478 Sure: ua-cam.com/video/q5SRrsr-Iug/v-deo.html
@@ryrez4478 Also type into Google ''Intelligencer The Lab-Leak Hypothesis'. For some reason it won't let me link to it in the comments.
@@ryrez4478 Also Occam's Razor points to a lab leak considering the wet market had 0 bats and the Wuhan Institute of Virology has the largest collection of bat coronaviruses on Earth. The "it came from an animal" excuse still applies to animals in the lab. Why scientists from the WHO with conflicts of interest think that explains away the obvious is embarrassing. www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4119101
@@TheParadigmShiftTV ok ill watch the video. but occams razor applied to this situation would actually be in favor of the virus being natural as the simpler explanation because we know viruses mutate naturally and that almost all new viruses come from china and have for quite some time. we also know that viruses can jump species (hence coronaviruses) so there didnt need to be bats present at these markets for another animal to have contracted the virus from bats. and yes they are trying to trace the virus back to its original location and person. so even though we know viruses naturally evolve and mutate and can do so quickly
Great debate, good video 👍🏼
There should be a movement against this dangerous virus breeding as there was against nuclear energy after Chernobyl.
We all know how to answer now
Really disturbing video.....
Someone please list all the concrete examples of when the benefits of GoF research have been realized, including how many lives were saved and how many diseases cured.
Very informative and disturbing at the same time
🙏🙏
Why is there not a louder cry to end or further restrict Gain of Function on flu or coronaviruses now in 2020? Or was the problem that when they cut pandemic funding that the NIH outsourced to a chinese lab which led us to where we are today?
fauci said that it was a circular argument that the virus may have been studied in the lab and was leaked. that even if it did escape from the lab it would have started in nature.
Which is actually a side step of the question... fauci has a big ego. I think he has convinced himself that this lab (and his funding and promotion of it) is not responsible for the pandemic because from his point of this would have gotten out eventually anyway.
the media has decided to buy this whole stock i think because of their desire to pin the blame totally on trump and get rid of him. Maybe now with the election over we will get some harder questions to the medical elite and we can clamp down on these dangerous studies.
@@a9YjEhbL6 I hope you are right on the last part, as for the top part; this came from nature, but in nature was not yet transmissible in humans. The Gain of Function in 18 of the 238 grants makes these zoonic animal natural virus change its function at the right cleavage site to be transmissible in mammals closer to humans like ferrets. (zoonic to novel) The difference, is that in nature we have no way of knowing which virus of the many coronavirus's bats have, would eventually make the leap. So we speed up the process and make the leap in the lab. The odds of a single chosen natural virus to leap out of nature is few and far between but chances of a lab leak are 1 in 200 per year, per lab. The risk seems to be high enough that at the least they should re-evaluate the results they wish to achieve, and find a safer way of going about them. My 2 cents for what its worth.
@@Morristown337 didn't fort detrick lab have a bunch of saftey violations the last few years?
So who did you people help studying Covid?
this last guy from the end of the video, is the storyteller, the salesman
Was skipping through this video, watching on mute. But now your comment makes me want to grab headphones! :)
55:50 seems important
Hindsight being what it is... Probably under rated the risks of pandemics caused by gain of function research.
Two words: Wuhan Lab.
If we could only see us now
9:30 Chart Why were Coronaviruses like SARS and MERS not included in this chart?
High Virulence: + Pandemic Potential: + Exists in Nature - These are both WHO Risk Group 4
Which labs are doing GOF on SARS and MERS?
In referring to gain-of-function, dual-use purpose research, Dr. Fauci said, "We at NIAID being the major funder of most, but not all gain-of-function research..." Source: NIHOD youtube channel, video titled "Panel II: Risks and Concerns Associated with HPAI H5N1 GOF Research"
SARS virus also came from the other lab in China so they have a history of accidental releases
@@trumpie5399 Wasn't an accident. Used to control people right. They used it to stop the Hong Kong Riots & to undermine America. Has been very clear!
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5708621/
Smoking Document that shows NIH funded Covid research at Wuhan Lab in Nov 2017
It is happening in nature already. And the work can be done without any transparency. Anyone doing research on strains are in effect doing Gain of function experiments.
Good job Fauci and China!
Harvard seems to be very heavy on GAIN OF FUNCTION Research , Charles Lieber was also Harvard , where a whole crop of bio-investors were involved in financing and grants. Where are all of them now ? Where are all the bio-investors stocks now ? Is anyone investigating ? Or they have special privileges and immunities ?
It's okay uncle Bill Gates is coming to save us all
For sure -- he already started, he named the price. And we are paying it -- so a gentleman business man will also deliver savior for the price, no?
@@predamihailescu6820 during early stage pandemic, biden supporters order media to hate out patient treatment, hate cancel holiday travels for covid19/h1n1, do lunar new year parades riots, gain a function means upgrade exist viruses to be more deadly just to promote vaccine
dems claim russsia hack election but wesley clark 2007 said media jump on bandwagon to kill iraq to syria rigging obama/bush/biden presidency
@@ninianstorm6494 Yes, poor things, poor things, defficients are asking for our understanding. Which would be ok -- it becomes problematic when they want guidance...
back to the drawing board in light of today's experience
42:36 seems important
Why isn’t dr marc lipsitch the head of cdc or head of allergy and infectious disease? Dr Marc lipsitch was right. Utmost respect.
This debate is slowly catching on considering it is blak list-ed (censored). Any links to it or even the title are shadoe band in the youtube coments. This video just had 1k views a year ago when I first found it going down this rabbit hole. The original nih panel hearings on this subject are all public and highly interesting to listen to. Not boring at all. Another debate is not just creating this stuff, but should the experiment details be made public so any one with a grudge and a few million $$$ can copy the recipe for nefarious purposes.
In hindsight, the assumptions that there would not be human to human spread turned out to be catastrophically wrong.
fauci said level 1 reduces the risk by 1 billion to 1.
@@NathansHVAC I wouldn't trust Fauci to express the value of Pi. The man has failed over and over again. He is also the highest paid federal employee. Sick.
@@AmericaAndAllies one doesn't need to rely on statements of some INDIVIDUALS...
...there has to be official risk assessments based on actual studies and calculations. How reliable and practically helpful they are, I'm not familiar... sadly, because those should be more relevant than expert OPINIONS.
Of course, it takes considerable time and effort to properly interpret scientific results. Naturally, we would have to possess RELIABLE estimations on the rate of corruption influencing even the best efforts of those, who are directly involved in potentially dangerous research... Including those who supervise all the safety measures starting from building the infrastructure necessary for such studies...
Too COMPLEX for most of us. That's why we have institutions! Laypeople should REQUIRE to know the stance of whole GROUPS of people related to some organisation and not leading simplistic talks about this or that PERSON. We should have to know how strong the CONSENSUS on critical aspects is.
Unfortunately, besides the widespread propaganda, there are too many NOT WELL INFORMED proponents of both sides (natural Vs lab-leak) who don't see their own limitations or even hide them, thus they mislead lots of us.
This is an ENORMOUSLY SERIOUS problem (one can't emphasize enough), because most of the laypeople EFFECTIVELY have no other means to build their beliefs than to base them on the activities of such more or less independent proponents. Due to high polarization the inherent uncertainties got exaggerated to the extent that very few "normal" persons are able to digest informations from both sides.
Most likely a version that involves facts from both fronts will be closest to what really happened.
Most of us can't foresee short-term consequences of relatively simple decisions in our everyday lives: not to talk about actions made in hurry and/or under stress!
But there are still too many after-the-battle-generals and those politicians who gladly misuse the people who think they no longer belong to "sheeple". If only that was so simple!
I realized after digging through some partial aspects of the pandemic, that I would have to remember so, so much, that's impossible with an average memory, even though I have studied molecular biology.
So no wonder that most of us make "conclusions" based on personal, rather subjective experiences. Than we rationalize our stance. All of this is natural, "normal". But we would have to realise and acknowledge that such attitude most of the time leads to very poor assessment of the topic.
Guess we know now what the cost is #2020
gain of function testing is a nice way of saying BIOWEAPON testing
Trust the science ppl 🤥 nothing can go wrong !!
That Derek Smith has the eyes of a madman..... And talls much the same... If his research is so safe, get him to take them home and store them in the family freezer...
Then I'LL BELIEVE HIM !!!
@ 1:11, nails it
The fly lol
Yeap, a three decades old movie is all we need to compare to 😁
Fictional stories and conspiracy filled logic are the most reliable guides in harder times 👍
Btw: who or what would that "fly" be analogous to in current situation???
Hmm
Corona
*cough* *cough*
A Bioweapon created at Fort Detrick by our own mad scientists.
End death science
I tend to support gain-of-function research. I think the jury is still out on the decisive origins of the pandemic. Still, one possible origin is a lab not sufficiently prepared to deal with these pathogens likely had an accidental leakage occur out of well-intentioned research. There do seem to be benefits in appropriate settings that could control disease mutations rather than being ill-prepared for one evolving in the natural world. I don't think this pandemic should be the nail in the gain-of-function research coffin but a wake-up call for better practices. It's a learning curve, and risks come with that. Let's hope there's been tremendous growth in how we handle this research.
It is important to note that this discussion on January 16, 2015 was not about all gain-of-function research but on G-O-F with pandemic pathogens in particular, a whole other level of risk.
If we don’t study history……..😢
Evil exists
the whole world knows where covid 19 came from and hopefully these reckless scientists will stand trial for what they have done to the world.
16:34 woof! 😩
54:12 Not in China!!!!
jesus f i n g cristo
No benefit whatsoever. Risks astronomical
Playing God (or maybe playing Satan?) is never a good idea.