Khan Academy is like...the supplement to your diet. You should always stick to your main diet (books, lectures, groups and such), but Khan Academy is like a Supplement that boosts your diet tenfolds...Genious stuff, THANKS!
Wow! I have never had anything explained this clearly. Wow! From the way you started and connected everything, it’s just perfect. I have read this many years before and I thought I understood it or maybe I did before but it always slips away. There is no way this is ever going to slip away. Thanks man. Thank you
I have been listening to Khan for so many years. I used him first in calculus when getting my physics degree, and now in medical school. Thank Sal! you da man
thank you so much--i'm a nursing student and this has helped me understand the basics of fetal circulation as it relates to the pathophysiology of congenital heart defects. love it!
I m just a month away from studying mbbs, and these type of videos not only helping me to clear the basic things but really increasing my love towards medicine... Thank u
It's written in every Embryology book, that's not a big deal to understand this. Ductus arteriosus Botalli: Anastomosis between Lung truncus and Aorta. Foramen ovale: Hole between left and right Atrium. Both are physiological and close during brith normally (Foramen ovale closes due to increase of pressure in small circulation system, both septums (primum and secundum) are compressed to each other and close the Foramen ovale). Sometimes the obliteration and closure does not happen. Sometimes these Shunts are the only thing, that sustain the life of the newborn. It depends of the defect combinations. BTW: Before the Foramen ovale is created, the blood flows throw the Ostium primum and secundum to the other Atrium.
fantastic video! im not a med student (if all goes well i should be a pharmacy student this time next year) but starting watching this randomly and was blown away by how much i had learnt in a short period of time. i haven't been this genuinely intrigued or exited to learn more about subject simply out of interest in such a long time, so thank you very much for you fantastic video and please continue to do what you doing! :)
hello I got question in exam. "Explain the fetal circulation and its shunts." Is Foramen ovale right left shunt or left right shunt and is Ductus Arteriosus also right left shunt?
Jamie Hodes My name is Rishi Desai and I work at Khan Academy. If you're willing to share a bit about your experience as a PA student, please send us your email address so we can reach out to you. Thanks in advance!
Summary (not perfect) if anyone wants to add to notes: Fetal Heart - looks like adult heart but some differences: Superior Vena Cava - dragging blood back from arms and head region. Blue blood Inferior Vena Cava - blood coming from body and umbilical vein (oxygen rich blood from placenta). Pink blood. Major source of oxygen fetus is getting is from inferior vena cava. 4 Chambers of Heart: Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle. Full of purple blood (mix of blue and pink). Parts of heart: Aorta (main artery in human body, originating from left ventricle of heart), Pulmonary Artery (carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs), Pulmonary Veins (large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from lungs and drain into left atrium of heart). Right Lung - blood coming into arterioles & capillaries from pulmonary artery. In fetus, nothing but fluid inside of alveoli sacs. If full of flow of amniotic fluid, not much oxygen in there. Main source of oxygen from umbilical vein. Since such low oxygen in sacs, causes arterioles to constrict. When have smaller radius on blood vessel, amount of resistance goes up. If happens in millions of arterioles, pulmonary arteries face really high resistance. Increase resistance when oxygen low - hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. If heart wants to pump blood through lungs, pressure needs to be high. Pressure starts going up everywhere. Heart faces choices - can try to find shortcut to bypass lungs. 2 shortcuts to get blood from right side to left side (aorta) bypassing lungs. Shortcut #1: 2 walls stuck together in middle of lungs - septum primum & septum secundum. Septum Secundum has tiny hole called foramen ovale. Septum primum also has a little hole. If pressure from right atrium pushes into foramen ovale, then septum primum becomes like a flap/valve and falls away. Right atrium blood will flow into left atrium. Not all blood goes through foramen ovale. Some passes normal way. Into right ventricle (want muscles to get stronger). Pumps into left and right pulmonary arteries. Shortcut #2: Fetal heart has a little vessel goes from pulmonary artery into aorta - Ductus Arteriosus. 10% of blood goes to lungs. But 90% goes through ductus and formaen ovale.
This is a great video-lesson! It's really helping me better understand the fetal circulatory system. Do the septum primum and septum secundum fuse together right after birth?
I am a med student and I have my 2nd anatomy oral exam on Fr. Your vid has helped me to understand septum primum and secundum, which were so hard for me to understand. (drawings in my book are cheezy) :) A huge thanks from Germany.
Khan Academy is like...the supplement to your diet. You should always stick to your main diet (books, lectures, groups and such), but Khan Academy is like a Supplement that boosts your diet tenfolds...Genious stuff, THANKS!
Wow! I have never had anything explained this clearly. Wow! From the way you started and connected everything, it’s just perfect. I have read this many years before and I thought I understood it or maybe I did before but it always slips away. There is no way this is ever going to slip away. Thanks man. Thank you
I have been listening to Khan for so many years. I used him first in calculus when getting my physics degree, and now in medical school. Thank Sal! you da man
10 years later and this video still MADE my day!! thank you so much for the interesting explanation
I've only used Netter myself, and it was one of my favorite books. =)
perfect teaching. Now I understand it CLEARLY! Thank you. I pray God bless you, and meet you at your need too. Thanks!
Amen!
I just love how thorough you are. This stuff can be confusing but you explain it so well...and your illustrations are perfect.
thank you so much--i'm a nursing student and this has helped me understand the basics of fetal circulation as it relates to the pathophysiology of congenital heart defects. love it!
Wow wow wow. This is too perfect. Thank you, God bless you.
I just love the presenter, he is very organized, systematic and clear in how presents the material
Thank you so much, may God bless you
I m just a month away from studying mbbs, and these type of videos not only helping me to clear the basic things but really increasing my love towards medicine... Thank u
I was luckily watched this video the night before my license exam. And for sure found the question related there. What a blessing. Thank you so much!
I am a student midwife and you are my saviour! Such a clear description and well drawn video. You got skillz. Thank you.
It's written in every Embryology book, that's not a big deal to understand this. Ductus arteriosus Botalli: Anastomosis between Lung truncus and Aorta. Foramen ovale: Hole between left and right Atrium. Both are physiological and close during brith normally (Foramen ovale closes due to increase of pressure in small circulation system, both septums (primum and secundum) are compressed to each other and close the Foramen ovale). Sometimes the obliteration and closure does not happen. Sometimes these Shunts are the only thing, that sustain the life of the newborn. It depends of the defect combinations. BTW: Before the Foramen ovale is created, the blood flows throw the Ostium primum and secundum to the other Atrium.
I teach nursing and tutor many, many students for the NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN. Khan Academy is indispensable resource to me and my students. Thank you!
Before I read my pediatric nursing book over the fetal heart I had to find a visual of how it worked. Your video is perfect. Thanks!!!!!!
sharing this with all my fellow nursing students! Your 15 minute lecture was great! totally understood it better than in my sit in class.
I WISHED THIS GUY WAS MY TEACHER DURING MY NURSING SCHOOL YEARS .....U ARE A SPECTACULAR TEACHER!
fantastic video! im not a med student (if all goes well i should be a pharmacy student this time next year) but starting watching this randomly and was blown away by how much i had learnt in a short period of time. i haven't been this genuinely intrigued or exited to learn more about subject simply out of interest in such a long time, so thank you very much for you fantastic video and please continue to do what you doing! :)
in 2019 i stillll find this soooooooo useful god bless u
This is really well done, thank you Khan
Excellent presentation and illustration!
You are awesome! I use your lectures to improve my teaching skills and to learn things that either I had forgotten or never really understood. Thanks!
Best online Med teacher ever!
Your videos, explanations, drawings are detailed and extremely helpful. Keep up the good work and thank you!
This is really useful and helps make paediatric cardiology much simpler (I'm using your video as revision) Thank you!
Your teaching is amazing! Thank you!!!!!!!!!!
Thank you so much. I thought I knew this, but now I fully understand it.
Love love love your explanation, visual and neatness! Gracias!!! : )
no word can explain how was I enjoyed it.
Very personable presentation! Great voice! You are a wonderful teacher!
Wow amazing simple explanation thank you
your teaching is just like an excellent chapeau!
Superb explanation. Thank you😍
great work i really appreciate it thanks
YOU SAVED ME. THANK YOU
what a good video and explanation! I had some questions raised yesterday and now it's all clear! thank you!!
Thank you so much ❤❤
genius! the only way I was abe to understand the foramen ovale!
That was amazing. Very easy to understand and interesting. Awesome!
your teaching is just excellent! chapeau!
Amazing explanation.......really helpful
Outstanding! Thank you so much!!!
Awesome clear explanation
Thanks, you might just have saved my embryology test tomorrow :D
These videos are AMAZING! So SO helpful. I bet you rock at pictionary.
hello I got question in exam. "Explain the fetal circulation and its shunts." Is Foramen ovale right left shunt or left right shunt and is Ductus Arteriosus also right left shunt?
Excellent explanation, very neat , Blessings
Excellent explanation 👌
Amazing video on fetal circulation!
I like your presentation verymuch, I don"t need to read any confussing book more...
EXCELENT! THANKS
Thank you so much! Your videos have saved me constantly throughout PA school
Jamie Hodes My name is Rishi Desai and I work at Khan Academy. If you're willing to share a bit about your experience as a PA student, please send us your email address so we can reach out to you. Thanks in advance!
This video saved my time ..and me
Thank u rishi desai mam
amazing, thank you
Thank you for great explanation!
Excellent teaching, thank you.
What a fantastic video-thanks a lot :)
This was really helpful :) thank you
You're a genius! Thank you!
Bravo! Amazing work, illustration and didactic way of explaining this topic.
excellent, thank you!
Wonderful video! You are an excellent teacher.
Great lecture Rishi keep em coming !!
Thanks so much!
Where does the blood from the left atrium go? Does it continue to the LV and then into the aorta?
very clear, well explained! thank you so much
This is amazing!!
Thanks to you I can still attend my final even I jumped the lecture about fetal circulation…..
Clear concept
YOU’RE AMAZING! THANK YOU 😊
Thanks a lot!! I love the way you teach.
You would do so good to put up images as posters of the end of the video for students!
That's really awesome!!!
Pure excellence
Is this Micheal Linares ?!? Sounds JUST like him!!!!
Thank u so much these videos help me a lot in my studies :) thank you a lot
Thanku!!!
thank you so much! now I understad it.
Summary (not perfect) if anyone wants to add to notes: Fetal Heart - looks like adult heart but some differences:
Superior Vena Cava - dragging blood back from arms and head region. Blue blood
Inferior Vena Cava - blood coming from body and umbilical vein (oxygen rich blood from placenta). Pink blood. Major source of oxygen fetus is getting is from inferior vena cava.
4 Chambers of Heart: Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle. Full of purple blood (mix of blue and pink).
Parts of heart: Aorta (main artery in human body, originating from left ventricle of heart), Pulmonary Artery (carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs), Pulmonary Veins (large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from lungs and drain into left atrium of heart).
Right Lung - blood coming into arterioles & capillaries from pulmonary artery. In fetus, nothing but fluid inside of alveoli sacs. If full of flow of amniotic fluid, not much oxygen in there. Main source of oxygen from umbilical vein. Since such low oxygen in sacs, causes arterioles to constrict. When have smaller radius on blood vessel, amount of resistance goes up. If happens in millions of arterioles, pulmonary arteries face really high resistance. Increase resistance when oxygen low - hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. If heart wants to pump blood through lungs, pressure needs to be high. Pressure starts going up everywhere. Heart faces choices - can try to find shortcut to bypass lungs.
2 shortcuts to get blood from right side to left side (aorta) bypassing lungs.
Shortcut #1: 2 walls stuck together in middle of lungs - septum primum & septum secundum. Septum Secundum has tiny hole called foramen ovale. Septum primum also has a little hole. If pressure from right atrium pushes into foramen ovale, then septum primum becomes like a flap/valve and falls away. Right atrium blood will flow into left atrium.
Not all blood goes through foramen ovale. Some passes normal way. Into right ventricle (want muscles to get stronger). Pumps into left and right pulmonary arteries.
Shortcut #2: Fetal heart has a little vessel goes from pulmonary artery into aorta - Ductus Arteriosus.
10% of blood goes to lungs. But 90% goes through ductus and formaen ovale.
Mam ... Last point is not clear .could u plz xpln this....
That was such a great explanation and drawing! thank you!
I had a stroke in 2008, consequently a PFO closure surgery. I was 39 years old.
This was awesome
You're absolutely amazing
thanks a lot it solved my confusions 😁
This is a great video-lesson! It's really helping me better understand the fetal circulatory system. Do the septum primum and septum secundum fuse together right after birth?
Ss. It bcms as Foramen ovale
great video!!!!!
Thank you so much, this helped me a lot to cram for exam this weekend :-)
after blood go right down to aorta through two pathway, where should it go next?
Great!!
wow bravo!!
Great ! That was awesome
excellent
I am a med student and I have my 2nd anatomy oral exam on Fr. Your vid has helped me to understand septum primum and secundum, which were so hard for me to understand. (drawings in my book are cheezy) :) A huge thanks from Germany.
What is the difference between patent foramen ovale and ASD
Wow , thank you very much ! Great help Love you ,)
EXCELLENT!
Nice one!!
Amazing! You are a gifted teacher. I finally get it :-)
thank you soooo much !!!!!