I knew it!! Jack never climbed the beanstalk for gold. He did it so he could install a repeater to talk to his lovely princess Jill...Jill was already arranged for another prince, and when Jack was asked what he did up there, he made up the story about finding gold as an alibi for setting up the repeater. :)
PL is a Motorola term for Continues Tone Coded Squelch System (CTCSS). These are sub-audio tones that are embedded into transmissions so receivers can identity incoming transmissions. In the case of repeaters, these tones are used to control the activation of the repeater. No incoming or matching tone - no repeating. For point-to-point communications, tones are used to control what signals get passed to the speaker. No incoming or matching tone - receive audio.
If a repeater "requires" tone, no on-channel signal will open the repeater. This mode can be switched off if a control operator wants to make it an "open repeater" for a special need. There is no requirement for a repeater to be open, but it is an advantage when possible. They are tone operated b/c of same channel interference, or b/c it's a private rptr.There are a few reasons a repeater hangs: Near channel interference, cold weather affects the squelch, strong off-channel affects the receiver.
This may be an old video but the simple graphic of the mountain basically says it all once he gets too the frequencies of the two people and the repeater. Have a great day whenever you read this.
Excellent video and description of the fundamental operation of a repeater. Thank you sir. KD0MVX In addition, repeaters can be linked to each other allowing even greater area coverage. A little 5 watt hand held can hit a repeater and the repeater may transmit with much greater wattage from its much elevated antenna. Some repeaters are even linked across an entire state allowing for coverage of hundreds of miles from a little 5 watt hand held. This is one of the reasons a person should get their amateur license and move away from CB or GMRS.
Thank you for this. I'm new to radio, just got my GMRS license this month. I know I could use a lot more of anything you want to explain I would love to figure out how to get my radios to communicate with repeaters in the area
well this makes it easer to understand. I want to have a repeater on a weather balloon so i can fly FPV longer distances and around stuff without worrying about loosing signal a few miles out
@@Commsprepper My comment was a question, I meant to put a question mark at the end of it , my bad. So if a duplexer doesn't amplify, then what function does it serve ?
Our Motorolas were transmitting transmissions from 5-10 minutes earlier. It was creepy. Rapid fire spitting out old transmissions. Trying to figure out how this happened. Great tutorial.
For exceedingly long distance comms with a handheld (or maybe the repeater is lower powered) is it possible to use more than one repeater in this equation? For example, let's say there are multiple hills/obstructions in the way, can you set up one on each hill and extend that comms range?
Thanks. Very good explanation. I am studying for my Technician License. I think there will be a question on the test. Question: Can the antenna transmit and receive at the exact same time?
Another well done video and I really learned a lot here. I do have a couple questions. Can a repeater operate on more than one channel at the same time, so say 10 channels which equals 20 freqs all at the same time if this were needed or happened on some rare occasion? Also, if or COULD a repeater were added to....say a 250 foot wind generator tower with a 50kwh generator, would the gained range be worth the investment in an area that's relatively flat like Louisiana? If cost was not an issue, what would be the types of repeaters to look at? Thanks and keep up the great work.
There are systems that run more than one repeater. The most common are called Trunking systems where the repeaters are clustered at one location and channels are assigned based on demand. Simulcast systems where repeaters are dispersed over a wide area but share the same frequency. The activation of these systems is controlled by clocking (GPS) to make sure each repeater activates at the synchronized time. Another system is more old school called voting, here one central transmitter is supported by dispersed receivers. Signals from the receivers are returned to the central transmitter and compared (voted on) for the best one and that's passed to the transmitter. As for wind, not worth the money. Go solar. Hank
Thanks for the reply. I can see one thing is for sure, we just need to find a REAL good radio man. This is becoming more and more apparent that radios are almost a profession with a skill set that you need to be completely committed to long term. Yes, I agree about solar. We're looking at setting up a 10kw array this year when we convert over the battery bank from a 60kwh deep cycle lead acid, to Iron Edison nickel iron batteries. We do have great sun light but also good winds coming off the ocean. I have a whisper 3000 now with an 84 foot tower and I'm thinking about upgrading that to a 50kw gen set on a 250 foot tower. I've been reading and trying to justify the worth of the upgrade, and it "SEEMS" that once you get above the 200 foot range or so, you're getting into real usable wind currents to produce real power, but what do I know really.
So if the Repeater Rx, so the frequency on the Two Way radio is set to transmit and Tx on Repeater , the two way radio is set to Receive ? This is how i program my radio.
Very nice explanation sir! Currently, I am working a very long-range SOLAR UAV project at my university. Since the range of our mission is about 100 km, repeaters must be used for our communication. However, my professor suggested that maybe there is a way to use the public mobile communication towers as the repeaters. Do you think it is possible? If it is possible, is there a way to encrypt and decrypt my signals so that our flight information will not be exposed to public? I really appreciate it if you can provide me with some of your opinions. Thank you!
It would be possible but I don't know much about model/remote controlled aircraft. I know they use AM radios to control the air surfaces. Amateur radio operators do use Fast Scan TV in aircraft (www.hamtv.com/pdffiles/R-C.pdf). Encryption is not permitted on Amateur radio - ever. Perhaps you could do something with APRS (GPS) (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Packet_Reporting_System) to pre-program a flight path and use Fast Scan TV to watch the flight. However, the Fast Scan TV could not be relayed via cellular towers and would be line-of-site so you would need the receive at 1000m to see out to a horizon of 100k (www.ringbell.co.uk/info/hdist.htm). All of these ideas of course would require an Amateur radio license in your home country.
Do these "repeaters" mean that if someone were to make a transmission, and another person is playing around with the repeater, that the timing of transmission will therefore be delayed to reach the radio receiver by as much as 90 seconds or so *AFTER* the actual transmission was made, or, does the person receiving the transmission receive it in real time?
I'm not sure I understand your question and "playing around" with the repeater. The delay between the repeater receiving would be measured in milliseconds. Something you would not notice - it's real-time.
I has given repeater from my K9 SAR team. No one knows how to use this repeater, but we have two business bands. How do I know if repeater is on? I see no indication of power and no noise. Can I get in contact with someone that can help troubleshoot? *Im a bit confused, because my radios are communicating with or without repeater when the Tx are matched each other and with Rx matching, but the Tx and Rx are not nearly the same. How is that possible? Like, the radios are set up like this video, but communicate without repeater.
Thank you for the video as I am very new to this world of radios/repeaters/antennas/ etc.... does this help with Cell phones also? I am attempting to obtain a cell phone signal at my home down in a valley (between two hills). I am able to make calls from radio & phone when I walk up the hill. Would an antenna + a repeater work to receive some sort of signal down low? I am thinking this would give me some LOS as I am currently in a NLOS situation.
Sir, for anybody to "use" the repeater as in your diagrams, do we need to secure some type of permission from the repeaters' owner(s), to "use" their repeater? Thank you Sir. Oscar
Quick question. I want to talk to my Dad in the next town over. The repeater is in his town, but the repeater can reach me. Does that mean when I transmit, the repeater will pick up and carry my signal to the repeater and transmit it back to him. Or does my radio have to be within hitting range of the repeater in my dad's town. I.E. do I need a high wattage radio to hit the tower while my Dad can get away with a low power radio?
Each of your radios (transmitters) need to be within the range of the repeater (receiver). If the repeater can hear the both of you and you both can hear the repeater then you will be able to communicate with each other (however - you will both require an Amateur radio license).
@@Commsprepper just to clarify, my Dad needs a license too? I thought immediate family fell under my license. Or is that only those living in my house?
I'm using ADL Vantage pro from Pacific Crest to broadcast a signal, but i want to use another one like a repeater. can I receive and repeat using just one 7dB gain antenna?
Hello all. We’ve got four Motorola hand held (2) t6220’s & (2) t6500’s. I was trying to familiarize myself with these & now am unable to switch channels aka change channel from say 1 to 19? All the radios even the three I didn’t alter seem stuck on the same channel (Chan 1)? I want to be able to switch channels from one to another. Any ideas on how I can undo this?
Ok so u input the frequency for the transmitter and the acces code that u got from public acces . once the radios are trasmittimg and reveciving to each other , can other people hear you or you listen to them . I m talking about other people using the same public repeater and putting the same frequency n code that is found online to use . Do you input beside the repear n acces code another frequency or code for ur radio and your friend so u dont run into traffict with other people using the same repearer .
CTCSS (PL) codes enable to transmitter on the repeater. Other folks can hear that traffic. Other folks can interfere with the transmission. However, some radios have a feature called "transmit inhibit on a busy channel" which can be enabled in the handheld and mobile radios. The feature detects non-matching codes and temporarily disables the push-to-talk until the non-matching code is no longer present.
Sir, thanks a lot. but i have a question if i have a two radio. Radio A has a frequency of TX=460.100 RX=460.100 Radio B has a frequency of TX=460.100 RX=460.100 the i want to have a repeater with the same frequency TX=460.100 RX=460.100 it is possible to work this system?
No because radio A's transmit (TX) will saturate it's own receiver (RX) with it's own power, creating a loop and blocking received signals from all other radios.
ok lts say we have 2 mountain rangers and i want to run 2 repeaters what has to be the max distance in between them was hoping to link them to extend range using vhf using same freq
ok thats what i thought can you send email please to me and we talk about that out of here and let me know what i am going to need and to do thankyou obelawe@gmail.com
Any ham operator will know this very basic information. Therefore, you are obviously targeting "unlicensed " illegal radio users. Why? Amateur radio operators do not need idiots stealing repeater time and generally screwing up the airwaves for legitimate users! Think about what you are doing!!
I knew it!! Jack never climbed the beanstalk for gold. He did it so he could install a repeater to talk to his lovely princess Jill...Jill was already arranged for another prince, and when Jack was asked what he did up there, he made up the story about finding gold as an alibi for setting up the repeater. :)
PL is a Motorola term for Continues Tone Coded Squelch System (CTCSS). These are sub-audio tones that are embedded into transmissions so receivers can identity incoming transmissions. In the case of repeaters, these tones are used to control the activation of the repeater. No incoming or matching tone - no repeating. For point-to-point communications, tones are used to control what signals get passed to the speaker. No incoming or matching tone - receive audio.
If a repeater "requires" tone, no on-channel signal will open the repeater. This mode can be switched off if a control operator wants to make it an "open repeater" for a special need. There is no requirement for a repeater to be open, but it is an advantage when possible. They are tone operated b/c of same channel interference, or b/c it's a private rptr.There are a few reasons a repeater hangs: Near channel interference, cold weather affects the squelch, strong off-channel affects the receiver.
Excellent video, very easy to understand. Appreciate your time thank you
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you very much for your clear teaching and good graphics.
This is without exception the BEST explanation I have ever watched or heard!!!
Thanks.
Another excellent video. I understand repeaters now. Thanks.
This may be an old video but the simple graphic of the mountain basically says it all once he gets too the frequencies of the two people and the repeater.
Have a great day whenever you read this.
Thanks.
Finally found a good video that dumbed it down for me to understand. Thank you
Glad it helped
Outstanding video! Learned a lot within 10 minutes. Thank you.
Glad it helped.
Outstanding explanation to a radio idiot. I am trying to learn and this video was really good.
+Richard Sikorski I’m glad it has helped.
Same here!
Excellent video and description of the fundamental operation of a repeater. Thank you sir. KD0MVX In addition, repeaters can be linked to each other allowing even greater area coverage. A little 5 watt hand held can hit a repeater and the repeater may transmit with much greater wattage from its much elevated antenna. Some repeaters are even linked across an entire state allowing for coverage of hundreds of miles from a little 5 watt hand held. This is one of the reasons a person should get their amateur license and move away from CB or GMRS.
Thanks for the comment and channel support.
how can I link the repeaters??
Thank you for this. I'm new to radio, just got my GMRS license this month. I know I could use a lot more of anything you want to explain
I would love to figure out how to get my radios to communicate with repeaters in the area
I would need to know what kind of handheld/mobile radios you have.
quick and helpful. thank you sir!
well this makes it easer to understand. I want to have a repeater on a weather balloon so i can fly FPV longer distances and around stuff without worrying about loosing signal a few miles out
So as a metaphor, you can say the transmitter side of the duplexer is like an "audio step-up transformer"
Not at all.
@@Commsprepper My comment was a question, I meant to put a question mark at the end of it , my bad. So if a duplexer doesn't amplify, then what function does it serve ?
Haha! Liked your analogy for the duplexer. Good video thank you.
Thanks for watching and the channel support.
So Jack is sending out pennies and Jill is getting nickels...sounds like a good deal for Jill. Kidding aside... Great explanation, thank you.
Again Sir, excellent information, and video. Thank you Sir, for your hard work presented freely to us "newbies".
Oscar
Happy the videos are helping.
Our Motorolas were transmitting transmissions from 5-10 minutes earlier. It was creepy. Rapid fire spitting out old transmissions.
Trying to figure out how this happened. Great tutorial.
Thanks for the comment.
such a clear presentation; easy explanation..simple to understand graphics. thanks !!!
Thanks for watching and taking the time to comment.
Excellent presentation! Thanks!
+Joe M Thank you and thank you for taking the time to comment.
For exceedingly long distance comms with a handheld (or maybe the repeater is lower powered) is it possible to use more than one repeater in this equation? For example, let's say there are multiple hills/obstructions in the way, can you set up one on each hill and extend that comms range?
Excellent information, great video, thank you very much Sir.
Glad it helped.
Thanks. Very good explanation. I am studying for my Technician License. I think there will be a question on the test. Question: Can the antenna transmit and receive at the exact same time?
Yes but a duplexer is needed to separate the transmit and receive frequencies.
Excellent video, CP! Keep up the good work!
Sir, excellent information. Thank you Sir, for your time and effort.
+Oscar Lechuga thanks
Great presentation! Really Helpful!
+Kevin Gorenberg Great. Thanks for watching and taking the time to comment. CommsPrepper
Excellent explanation, thank you
Glad it was helpful!
Think you for letting us use your broadcast.klw thinks you.and i think you
Thanks for the break down, I really understand radio repeaters now!!! ;-) I would give this video two thumbs up if I could. I'm going to sub now.
davirgo77 You are welcome and thank you. CommsPrepper
Another well done video and I really learned a lot here. I do have a couple questions.
Can a repeater operate on more than one channel at the same time, so say 10 channels which equals 20 freqs all at the same time if this were needed or happened on some rare occasion?
Also, if or COULD a repeater were added to....say a 250 foot wind generator tower with a 50kwh generator, would the gained range be worth the investment in an area that's relatively flat like Louisiana?
If cost was not an issue, what would be the types of repeaters to look at?
Thanks and keep up the great work.
There are systems that run more than one repeater. The most common are called Trunking systems where the repeaters are clustered at one location and channels are assigned based on demand. Simulcast systems where repeaters are dispersed over a wide area but share the same frequency. The activation of these systems is controlled by clocking (GPS) to make sure each repeater activates at the synchronized time. Another system is more old school called voting, here one central transmitter is supported by dispersed receivers. Signals from the receivers are returned to the central transmitter and compared (voted on) for the best one and that's passed to the transmitter.
As for wind, not worth the money. Go solar.
Hank
Thanks for the reply. I can see one thing is for sure, we just need to find a REAL good radio man. This is becoming more and more apparent that radios are almost a profession with a skill set that you need to be completely committed to long term.
Yes, I agree about solar. We're looking at setting up a 10kw array this year when we convert over the battery bank from a 60kwh deep cycle lead acid, to Iron Edison nickel iron batteries. We do have great sun light but also good winds coming off the ocean.
I have a whisper 3000 now with an 84 foot tower and I'm thinking about upgrading that to a 50kw gen set on a 250 foot tower. I've been reading and trying to justify the worth of the upgrade, and it "SEEMS" that once you get above the 200 foot range or so, you're getting into real usable wind currents to produce real power, but what do I know really.
So if the Repeater Rx, so the frequency on the Two Way radio is set to transmit and Tx on Repeater , the two way radio is set to Receive ? This is how i program my radio.
The cavities you've drawn seem to be 1-port band-reject filters. Did you mean to display 2-port band-pass filters?
Intent was band pass filters but I got the image off of the Internet and was working with what I have.
OK. I got it. Thanks for the reply. Ed/Central California
Excellent!
Thanks.
Simple explanation 👍👍👍. Suggest low budget Repeater😐
Thanks for the comment and channel support.
My pleasure. Thanks for watching.
Very helpfull❤❤❤❤❤
Thanks for the good videos.
why doesn’t your radio pick up your transmission from the repeater and play it back over your speaker? if it was full duplex it might?
Very nice explanation sir! Currently, I am working a very long-range SOLAR UAV project at my university. Since the range of our mission is about 100 km, repeaters must be used for our communication. However, my professor suggested that maybe there is a way to use the public mobile communication towers as the repeaters. Do you think it is possible? If it is possible, is there a way to encrypt and decrypt my signals so that our flight information will not be exposed to public? I really appreciate it if you can provide me with some of your opinions. Thank you!
It would be possible but I don't know much about model/remote controlled aircraft. I know they use AM radios to control the air surfaces. Amateur radio operators do use Fast Scan TV in aircraft (www.hamtv.com/pdffiles/R-C.pdf). Encryption is not permitted on Amateur radio - ever. Perhaps you could do something with APRS (GPS) (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Packet_Reporting_System) to pre-program a flight path and use Fast Scan TV to watch the flight. However, the Fast Scan TV could not be relayed via cellular towers and would be line-of-site so you would need the receive at 1000m to see out to a horizon of 100k (www.ringbell.co.uk/info/hdist.htm). All of these ideas of course would require an Amateur radio license in your home country.
Thank you. Let me know if there are any topics you would like covered.
Well explained, Thank you!
Thank you.
Can a repeater only cope with one conversation between two people at a time or does it somehow cope with more than one conversation at the same time?
one transmission at time or you will step on each other.
So the Rx always has a higher freq than the Tx on the repeater , is that the best practices ? Please advise.
What would a linked analog repeater network look like? Is it even possible?
I don't understand the question.
Commsprepper can you link repeaters, like a chain, to reach even greater distances? More than one?
Do these "repeaters" mean that if someone were to make a transmission, and another person is playing around with the repeater, that the timing of transmission will therefore be delayed to reach the radio receiver by as much as 90 seconds or so *AFTER* the actual transmission was made, or, does the person receiving the transmission receive it in real time?
I'm not sure I understand your question and "playing around" with the repeater. The delay between the repeater receiving would be measured in milliseconds. Something you would not notice - it's real-time.
Very nice...
Good
I has given repeater from my K9 SAR team. No one knows how to use this repeater, but we have two business bands.
How do I know if repeater is on? I see no indication of power and no noise.
Can I get in contact with someone that can help troubleshoot?
*Im a bit confused, because my radios are communicating with or without repeater when the Tx are matched each other and with Rx matching, but the Tx and Rx are not nearly the same. How is that possible? Like, the radios are set up like this video, but communicate without repeater.
Hello sir, just for clarification. If I used repeater, how many kilometers can I reach or communicate other radio operator/s? Thank you.
No tone explanation?
Thank you for the video as I am very new to this world of radios/repeaters/antennas/ etc.... does this help with Cell phones also?
I am attempting to obtain a cell phone signal at my home down in a valley (between two hills). I am able to make calls from radio & phone when I walk up the hill.
Would an antenna + a repeater work to receive some sort of signal down low?
I am thinking this would give me some LOS as I am currently in a NLOS situation.
This does not apply to cellular phones. This is about two-way radios.
I appreciate it, I may just use this for my radio setup. Thank you sir.
Sir, for anybody to "use" the repeater as in your diagrams, do we need to secure some type of permission from the repeaters' owner(s), to "use" their repeater?
Thank you Sir.
Oscar
You will need an Amateur radio license.
Is it possible to use 2 same band antenna for my handheld radio using y or t bnc connector?
Quick question. I want to talk to my Dad in the next town over. The repeater is in his town, but the repeater can reach me. Does that mean when I transmit, the repeater will pick up and carry my signal to the repeater and transmit it back to him. Or does my radio have to be within hitting range of the repeater in my dad's town. I.E. do I need a high wattage radio to hit the tower while my Dad can get away with a low power radio?
Each of your radios (transmitters) need to be within the range of the repeater (receiver). If the repeater can hear the both of you and you both can hear the repeater then you will be able to communicate with each other (however - you will both require an Amateur radio license).
@@Commsprepper thank you, I'm new to this. I just got my gmrs license today. I'll see if anyone can hear me on the repeater.
@@Commsprepper just to clarify, my Dad needs a license too? I thought immediate family fell under my license. Or is that only those living in my house?
Sorry - since you did not specify a radio service in your original comment I incorrectly assumed you were referring to the Amateur radio service.
I'm using ADL Vantage pro from Pacific Crest to broadcast a signal, but i want to use another one like a repeater. can I receive and repeat using just one 7dB gain antenna?
Not without extra equipment, specifically a duplexer. A duplexer is needed to prevent overloading from the transmitter to the receiver.
Hello all. We’ve got four Motorola hand held (2) t6220’s & (2) t6500’s. I was trying to familiarize myself with these & now am unable to switch channels aka change channel from say 1 to 19? All the radios even the three I didn’t alter seem stuck on the same channel (Chan 1)? I want to be able to switch channels from one to another. Any ideas on how I can undo this?
Sorry but I don't have those units.
Ok so u input the frequency for the transmitter and the acces code that u got from public acces . once the radios are trasmittimg and reveciving to each other , can other people hear you or you listen to them . I m talking about other people using the same public repeater and putting the same frequency n code that is found online to use . Do you input beside the repear n acces code another frequency or code for ur radio and your friend so u dont run into traffict with other people using the same repearer .
CTCSS (PL) codes enable to transmitter on the repeater. Other folks can hear that traffic. Other folks can interfere with the transmission. However, some radios have a feature called "transmit inhibit on a busy channel" which can be enabled in the handheld and mobile radios. The feature detects non-matching codes and temporarily disables the push-to-talk until the non-matching code is no longer present.
Sir, thanks a lot. but i have a question
if i have a two radio.
Radio A has a frequency of TX=460.100 RX=460.100
Radio B has a frequency of TX=460.100 RX=460.100
the i want to have a repeater with the same frequency
TX=460.100 RX=460.100
it is possible to work this system?
No because radio A's transmit (TX) will saturate it's own receiver (RX) with it's own power, creating a loop and blocking received signals from all other radios.
like to ask 3 questions please what should be the distance between 2 repeaters
using 2 5watt hand helds and or using 2 65watt units
Obelawe Rhodes I don't understand the question.
ok lts say we have 2 mountain rangers and i want to run 2 repeaters what has to be the max distance in between them was hoping to link them to extend range using vhf using same freq
i will also ask this can i link 3 repeaters up to exnend 500km range is that possible
Obelawe Rhodes You cannot link them without great expense.
ok thats what i thought can you send email please to me and we talk about that out of here and let me know what i am going to need and to do thankyou obelawe@gmail.com
what if there are 100 people are using same repeater freq speaking at the same time?.. I still don't get this concept
one transmission/person at a time.
@@Commsprepper so each person has to take turns? Is there a moderator who decides who should talk?
Thank You
thanks for that!
Thanks for the channel support
thanks :D
Hope it helped.
thanks
Any ham operator will know this very basic information. Therefore, you are obviously targeting "unlicensed " illegal radio users. Why? Amateur radio operators do not need idiots stealing repeater time and generally screwing up the airwaves for legitimate users! Think about what you are doing!!
Good video 👍VU3RFN
Is it possible to use 2 same band antenna for my handheld radio using y or t bnc connector?
I don't understand the question. What are you trying to accomplish?