Sublime: The Aesthetics & Origins of Romanticism

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  • Опубліковано 24 лис 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 151

  • @LPArabia
    @LPArabia 5 років тому +36

    Well, that elevated quickly.

  • @Anthropomorph0
    @Anthropomorph0 6 років тому +17

    I realised that i haven't commented on this video despite it being one of my favourite things on UA-cam. I have watched it many times and i still watch it again. I really love your channel and even though im quite ignorant when it comes to language i love how you tie together history, history of ideas and language in an accessible, interesting and stimulating way. Keep up the great work!

  • @AladdinLeeGrantRutledgeCollar
    @AladdinLeeGrantRutledgeCollar 8 років тому +9

    Very informative and well produced! I recently read Anne Radcliffe's essay on the Supernatural in Poetry after reading about her in HP Lovecraft's Supernatural Horror in Literature essay. This video would have been extremely helpful to have watched before reading either, but it helped to clarify a lot of the Romantic / Gothic connections, and to simplify the whole aesthetic notion of sublimity. Thanks! I look forward to watching more.

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому

      +Aladdin Lee Grant Rutledge Collar Thanks! Yes, this video partly comes from having taught some of these texts a number of times, and always finding it useful (but complicated) to make these kinds of connections clear to students. Seeing how the aesthetic concepts grew out of elements of previous movements helps, I think.

  • @rosemarievieth6685
    @rosemarievieth6685 5 років тому +3

    Thank you so very much for this enlightening contribution. Being German (this is the husband writing), I had always understood "sublime" as "subliminal" (unterschwellig, subconscious) and had been crushed when I found out that it could actually mean "crushed". So, thanks again

  • @ljonheart
    @ljonheart 5 років тому +3

    wow. amazing video! great work! thank you so much!

  • @rhoda-rl2vn
    @rhoda-rl2vn 4 роки тому +2

    as i am currently writing an essay on burke's aethetical theories and their reflection in shelley's works AND am a linguist and thus deeply interested in etymologies, this video was a manyfold pleasure to watch for me. thank you very much!

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  4 роки тому +1

      How perfect! So glad you found it. :)

  • @christophmahler
    @christophmahler 5 років тому +3

    _Aesthetically_ _pleasing_ usage of *mind* *mapping* and *etymology* in order to give *context* to *key* *terms* of *cultural* *history* !
    *Encyclopedism* on another level.
    However, characterizing *romanticism* as *sexist* is an _ideological_ notion (refering to the theoretical position of 'gender as a mere _construct'_ ) as femininity and _affection_ in romantic writing were not always _dismissed_ , but quite _idealized_ as a trait of *nature* (e.g. in Friedrich Hoelderlin's *Hyperion* or Herman Melville's novels) - that is more connected to *pre-cognitive* reality than the _masculine_ rationalism of the classicists. If women were often pictured as ill-educated and _emotive_ then it was an accurate observation of the average 18th century female. It took female writers to prove that females can hold their ground in a conversation if given access to the necessary education (e.g. Margaret Fuller).
    Moreover, 'love at first sight' is not an _idealization_ of 'romantic love', but the _natural_ effect of two individuals _realizing_ they are _attracted_ _to_ _each_ _other_ - arguably not the 'pinnacle' of _love_ , but the 'cornerstone' of a sexual relationship. Given the fact that the _sublime_ of _nature_ is so widely _referenced_ in this essay, but effectively dismissed as _unreal_ , the presentation suffers from a lack of balance in the end, advocating for a _certain_ *interpretation* of 'romanticism' (e.g. on the British Isles and tilted towards *Whiggism* ) while disregarding others (e.g. on the European continent or the New World).
    Education is not _activism_ - it is the _foundation_ of liberty as _informed_ _action_ .

  • @csolisr
    @csolisr 8 років тому +2

    Would you believe that I've only been able to watch this video until today? Quite a good job, keep it up!

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому

      +Carlos Andrés Solís No problem -- thanks!

  • @horrorhabit8421
    @horrorhabit8421 4 роки тому +1

    You did a spectacular job covering all this territory in such a short time.

  • @allisonthompson3128
    @allisonthompson3128 5 років тому +1

    Oh my goodness.... you are sooooooooooooooo welcome, thank you for the post, it is a HUUUUUUUGE PLEASURE to view. Almost too much pleasure for this lil (or big and sticky) visual addicts dancing heart. God bless

  • @ryanstephenson1418
    @ryanstephenson1418 4 роки тому +1

    This is so comprehensive. Thank you.

  • @jerryanderson6217
    @jerryanderson6217 2 роки тому

    Gosh this I phenomenal, this video especially unique with it's deconstruction of the romantic movement through the etymology of words and their meanings as well as the wider development of the words, I love this so muchhh

  • @fmichaela99
    @fmichaela99 3 роки тому

    what a complex (but also entertaining) task this video must have been... great job!!! all the connections made to the term really helped me understand what Sublime means; it made me think that, perhaps, it's always been around as an idea, lingering behind all those other movements, but people of the earlier centuries couldn't think of the right name to give it, let alone find a proper explanation for it.

  • @lightslights8912
    @lightslights8912 5 років тому +1

    This video has helped me with my BA thesis. Thank you so much💕🙏😀

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  5 років тому +1

      That’s great! So glad we could help. 😃

  • @santiagoreynoso3223
    @santiagoreynoso3223 6 років тому +4

    EXCELLENT! blew my mind. Fantastic overview of great part of european art history, through just one word. Well done sir, subscribed. Amazing

  • @garethsmith3036
    @garethsmith3036 3 роки тому +2

    i really appreciate how you break down the etymology and definitions of these words. i wish more people did that

  • @BartolomeoIrnerio
    @BartolomeoIrnerio 8 років тому +1

    It makes sense that a philosopher like Adam Smith who concentrates on the individual does not only explain the economic aspects but also sees the core of being an individual: having emotions. Love the films by the way

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому +1

      +Ties Herfst Thanks! Of course you're right, I was just being a bit flippant--it just seems surprising when you look only at the end results. Glad you enjoy the videos!

  • @senaciftci2572
    @senaciftci2572 7 років тому +2

    Great content! The video was amazingly helpful!
    It opened up new connections in my mind, regarding literature and art.
    Thank you!

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  7 років тому

      No, thank you for letting me know! :)

  • @bluesquare23
    @bluesquare23 5 років тому +1

    Man these videos are so freakin cool. It’s a shame you don’t have more subs.

  • @miarosagreen8672
    @miarosagreen8672 4 роки тому +1

    if you have learning difficulties like I do, it helps to put the video on a slightly slower speed setting so you can understand it better and have more time to write things down without pausing every other second.

  • @TrogloditaIraque
    @TrogloditaIraque 8 років тому +1

    Haha great quality video! I just can't stop watching your stuff, its quality is amazing!

  • @emmanueladdofoh6456
    @emmanueladdofoh6456 6 років тому

    Nice presentation. Now I've got something to contribute. I kept getting lost when you move from one artists to another. Lemme say there were a lot of philosophers in here

  • @nagaempress
    @nagaempress 8 років тому +4

    Mind blown... i never knew! keep em coming

  • @willmschris
    @willmschris 8 років тому +95

    I found your soundtrack to be quite annoying due to its repetition and excessive volume. Otherwise very interesting though.

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому +11

      +Chris Willms Thanks for the feedback--I'll take a look at levels for the next one.

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  5 років тому +11

      We've now uploaded a version without background music: ua-cam.com/video/ul_YAM_Udek/v-deo.html

    •  4 роки тому +1

      @@Alliterative Great news! I found your video to be exceptionally good, but also found the soundtrack to be too much :)
      Thank you for the alternate version :)

    • @waldiniman
      @waldiniman 3 роки тому

      @@Alliterative wow how do I only see this with one minute left to go? I was thinking of commenting the same thing lmao. I love your channel though and loved the content of this one in particular. Very nice of you to have rerendered the file with corrected volume! I’m saving that one at least for future reference

  • @johnpress
    @johnpress 4 місяці тому

    That was a fantastic video! Thank you!

  • @Ema21x
    @Ema21x 6 років тому

    I seriously find your channel so useful and informative. Thank you thank you thank you. :)

  • @walterramirezt
    @walterramirezt 4 роки тому +1

    This video was sublime

  • @anibalcesarnishizk2205
    @anibalcesarnishizk2205 2 роки тому

    Ooohh!!,i'd like to live 100 more years to know the things you know!!!.

  • @jeremesalazar3134
    @jeremesalazar3134 6 років тому

    Thank you for your clips...now I have the idea of integrating Language to my Music and Art lessons.

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  6 років тому

      That’s great! I think it’s so productive to find the connections between different fields, especially in teaching.

  • @88tongued
    @88tongued Рік тому

    Phew it's gonna be hard to remember this!

  • @annalieff-saxby568
    @annalieff-saxby568 5 років тому +12

    Best definition of Romanticism ever was given by Bertrand Russell (I paraphrase): "The Classicist puts the tiger in a cage marked "tiger" and the goat in a cage marked "goat". The Romantic opens both cage doors and admires the magnificent leaps of the tiger as it annihilates its prey".

  • @simsm4249
    @simsm4249 3 роки тому +1

    I didn't get anything because of the music & I got really mad because I need this explanation... :)

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  3 роки тому

      We put up a version without music, there’s a link in the description.

  • @Alliterative
    @Alliterative  5 років тому

    A version without any background music is here: ua-cam.com/video/ul_YAM_Udek/v-deo.html
    Thanks for the comments pointing out that the music was too loud for many people.

  • @thelingspace
    @thelingspace 8 років тому +6

    Very interesting! And not even remotely close to what I'd have predicted if I'd been asked about it, so in that way, it's even more so. ^_^

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому

      +The Ling Space Ah, that's the best compliment you could give! :)

  • @emmaford4804
    @emmaford4804 3 роки тому +1

    Great video but that music is very distracting.... 🙄

  • @lafregaste
    @lafregaste 3 роки тому

    I knew about the Goths not actually using black lipstick hehehe. I also heard the story of how the novel "The hunchback of Notre-dame" saved the cathedral of Notre-dame by being a fanfiction. That's quite lovely and speaks volumes about how influential literature and, basically all arts can be in our day to day life, and history. : )

  • @foxlightman8359
    @foxlightman8359 9 місяців тому +1

    Not gonna lie, it's necessary to be of very particular intellectual capabilities to put such a loud music on the background that it is almost impossible to listen the speech.

  • @ylonmc2
    @ylonmc2 6 років тому

    what a ride! thanks!

  • @fukurokun33
    @fukurokun33 5 років тому

    Amazing research

  • @gavinhaut7875
    @gavinhaut7875 7 місяців тому

    This was great!

  • @alaatcod7827
    @alaatcod7827 5 років тому

    this helped a lot, thank you!

  • @siffoine
    @siffoine 8 років тому +2

    Loving these video! One suggestion: would like to see the the birth and death years of all the people mentioned in the videos, since there are so many periods etc. mentioned and at least I seem to get lost sometimes. Anyways, great job!

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому

      +siffoine Thanks! And that's a good point...I'll think about how I could do that most clearly.

    • @siffoine
      @siffoine 8 років тому +2

      +Alliterative I was thinking having the years under the pictures you have in your videos, for me there is no need to include them e.g. into narration. Keep up the good work!

  • @creativegeekz4874
    @creativegeekz4874 2 роки тому

    Well explained

  • @eherrera329
    @eherrera329 Рік тому

    In the future, may I suggest lowering the volume of the classical music and maybe picking a song that is more calm? It was really hard to focus on what you were saying because of the music

  • @SkylersRants
    @SkylersRants 7 років тому +2

    Ok. I saw the subject and the only meaning of "sublime" is when a substance passes from a solid phase to a gas phase directly without first transitioning to a liquid phase. That is the more common meaning in my brain (clearly I'm not an artist) and I am disappointed that this meaning wasn't addressed in your video.

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  7 років тому +3

      We basically left it out because there was just too much to fit in, but I do regret now that I didn't even mention it in passing.

  • @nrnrnrnrnrnnrnrnrnr
    @nrnrnrnrnrnnrnrnrnr 6 місяців тому

    Thank you!!

  • @sajolchoudhury7832
    @sajolchoudhury7832 3 роки тому +1

    Background music is irritating and distracting.

  • @Cadwaladr
    @Cadwaladr 8 років тому

    Great video, but I kept wondering how terms like "classical" and "romantic" fit into musical styles as we now refer to them, e.g., Mozart, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, et al. Like Mozart and Haydn are "classical", Beethoven is in between, then composers like Tchaikovsky or Dvořák are "romantic".

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому

      Thanks! The basic answer is that those composers are from those same periods, and show basic similarities to the aesthetic: harmony & symmetry in the classical period, emotion and imagination in the romantic. There's lots more to be said, of course, about the details of the musical styles; maybe that'll have to be its own video some day!

  • @legerarts
    @legerarts 7 років тому +12

    "This is not a subliminal message." ;-)

  • @studiosnch
    @studiosnch 8 років тому +6

    > goes to subliminal
    > one frame picture appears
    > "this is not a subliminal message"

  • @8BitSensei
    @8BitSensei 8 років тому +1

    fantastic video! would like to note that the name Oisian is pronounced more like "Oh-Sheen"

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому

      Thanks! And thanks for the pronunciation tip. :)

  • @YouTubemessedupmyhandle
    @YouTubemessedupmyhandle 5 років тому

    There's a subtle difference between 'gothick' and 'gothic' revival architecture. The former was a more surface deep approach which put medieval details on to a classical layout, the Houses of Parliament being an excellent example (the architect was E. Barry). The latter was a more fundamental attempt to adopt true medieval gothic architecture in an authentic way.

  • @dooleymurphy
    @dooleymurphy 6 років тому +1

    Really nice research and presentation style

  • @willowleaves2008
    @willowleaves2008 7 років тому

    Love it! Could you a video on Oscar Wilde and Descadents?

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  7 років тому

      Ah, what an interesting suggestion -- on the list! Thanks!

  • @nietzschesmoustache4397
    @nietzschesmoustache4397 7 років тому +1

    Awesome.

  • @DokDicer
    @DokDicer 8 років тому

    Who would downvote a video such as this? And why? I am puzzled.^^

  • @JRileyStewart
    @JRileyStewart 4 роки тому

    Amazing. Thx.

  • @richugamit1417
    @richugamit1417 5 років тому

    Keep it up, you are really good and for u ,,😍👍👍👍

  • @piersquareddotnet
    @piersquareddotnet 4 роки тому

    Would is be accurate to compare The Enlightenment and the following Romanticism with Modernism and Postmodernism?

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  4 роки тому

      Yes, I think that’s a fair parallel-a direct rebuttal of the previous movement.

  • @thegoodlydragon7452
    @thegoodlydragon7452 8 років тому +5

    A novel is also called a Roman in German.

    • @christophmahler
      @christophmahler 5 років тому

      And if we could consider that 'Romanisch' isn't quite the same as 'Römisch' we wouldn't have to look up 'Romanesque' architecture in an English dictionary...

  • @MsCastellanosDavid
    @MsCastellanosDavid 5 років тому

    Hello! I wouldn’t normally ask of this of the OP but would you be able to re- upload this with the background music a bit less loud?

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  5 років тому

      We've had other comments on the music, and after some work finding the original pieces (not all of which I could reconstruct) here's a version without background music, which may be slightly lower quality visuals but should be ok: ua-cam.com/video/ul_YAM_Udek/v-deo.html

  • @Erika-pq7ip
    @Erika-pq7ip Рік тому

    im studying for my Eng Lit exam and this video was very interesting

  • @Fletcher91
    @Fletcher91 8 років тому +4

    I'd argue that Adam Smith's two books (on the face of it, since I've only skimmed through their wiki pages) can complement each other since building wealth enables all the people to acquire more wealth, thus giving them a more comfortable life.
    He makes the case for multiple present societal themes such as; progressive taxation ("It is not very unreasonable that the rich should contribute to the public expense, not only in proportion to their revenue, but something more than in that proportion.", the 1% discussion).
    the aversion of public debt [of war] ("payment of the interest of the publick debt, it has been said, it is the right hand which pays the left ... and the nation is not a farthing the poorer ... [but this is] the sophistry of the mercantile system", which can be loosely tranlated to the costs of the war spending will burden future generations),
    And other very 'sensible' principles such as the unjust actions against organised labour while organised 'masters' got a free pass and that monopolies should be prevented since it artificially raises prices.
    Before this video I hadn't heard of Adam Smith, but researching this topic was quite pleasant since I found my opinions to naturally align with the views expressed in Wealth of Nations. I came across an article (deoxy.org/korten_betrayal.htm) that reflects conversations I had that it isn't market economics causing current problems, but (with this newfound terminology), the loss of sensibility in the political economic system, where greed and excesses seem to run rampant. Tying this back to Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments, I think these two should be read in tandem since they balance each other out.

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому +2

      That's very interesting; I admit I haven't read Smith in depth. Perhaps the contrast I pointed to in the video is more between modern 'interpretations' of Adam Smith -- various ideologies surrounding capitalism -- and the idea of sensibility, rather than between his own views.

  • @endikamartinezgutierrez6899
    @endikamartinezgutierrez6899 6 років тому

    Nice connections.

  • @marygebbie6611
    @marygebbie6611 7 років тому

    The subliminal message caught me off guard and I started cracking up watching this at work XD

  • @meaningfulmakings
    @meaningfulmakings 8 місяців тому

    I can’t hear you over the music. Why would you ruin it with such a noise?

  • @justinedelmayer1234
    @justinedelmayer1234 6 років тому

    I know this is two year's late... But, a question i have is, the Latin spoken by the people in Gaul was influenced by Frankish, and then Old English was influenced by the combination of vulgar Latin and Frankish known as French and old english became middle english? So basically what I'm asking is.... A romance language had been influenced by a Germanic one and then centuries later a Germanic language had been influenced by a romance language?

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  6 років тому +1

      Yes, basically! In other words none of these languages is 'pure' in any sense (whatever that means) and English has both Germanic and Romance roots from way way back.

    • @justinedelmayer1234
      @justinedelmayer1234 6 років тому

      Thank you for answering that

  • @xero_chance818
    @xero_chance818 3 роки тому

    Good show, Bruv. I see your shade on the Goths.. lol.

  • @sophieward7225
    @sophieward7225 8 років тому +2

    6:48 Did you say... Walpole?! (Any ExtraHistory fans out there?)

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому +1

      +M.W. Vaughn Horace was indeed Robert Walpole's son! :)

  • @xh7385
    @xh7385 6 років тому

    Do you happen to publish any kind of book?

  • @JimStueckle
    @JimStueckle 4 роки тому +1

    To cover or to Vale

  • @allisonthompson3128
    @allisonthompson3128 5 років тому

    Dude LOL, this is all way too ROMANTIC!!!🤣🤣🤣
    Keep up the Good Work, homies!!!
    BTW, you guys nailed the video and the definition of sublime,
    You guys nailed it so well in fact, that the Bible Writers just called,
    They're accusing you of stealing intellectual property;
    They want their Crux-of-Fiction back!
    okay gotta go, dont have time to contruct perfect sentences...
    zip it up and zip it out homies!

  • @ianian4162
    @ianian4162 3 роки тому +2

    I don't understand your commentary on Adam Smith. Why is it "strange" that he was both a major figure in capitalist thought and in romantic philosophy? Surely an intellectual can approach a variety of subjects throughout his lifetime, especially those of the caliber of Adam Smith.
    Also, this video has quite a few issues. Music too loud, you seem to be jumping between many different topics , and, in my view, you spend way too much time on the etymological roots of the terms rather than the ideas themselves.

  • @JuuuCosta
    @JuuuCosta 7 років тому

    Great video. But this background song is very loud and very distracting

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  7 років тому

      Thanks for the feedback. We got the balance of background music wrong in this one.

  • @dakotawallace3449
    @dakotawallace3449 3 роки тому

    The background music was extremely annoying and distracting. Why have such a high-pitched contrast?

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  3 роки тому

      We put up a no-music version when it became clear we'd misjudged the music on this one. ua-cam.com/video/ul_YAM_Udek/v-deo.html

  • @killiancoyle8835
    @killiancoyle8835 3 роки тому

    I almost didn’t watch this video on account of the pentagram but nun the less a very intelligent perspective.

  • @suterde
    @suterde 6 років тому

    the background music could be eliminated. it is not easy to follow the video with the music in the background!

  • @unnunn12
    @unnunn12 7 років тому

    I love you

  • @marilyngibson8277
    @marilyngibson8277 5 місяців тому +1

    Why have that awful music playing while you are speaking about very interesting things?
    It spoils the video. Such a shame.

  • @nidhishshivashankar4885
    @nidhishshivashankar4885 7 місяців тому

    Music is way too loud

  • @shniken
    @shniken 8 років тому +4

    I'm a bit surprised you didn't go into the scientific meaning of sublime and sublimation, the phase transition from solid to gas.

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому +2

      +shniken Argh! I wanted to--it was in the first draft; it comes from medieval alchemy, & has its own fascinating story -- but I just couldn't fit it in, the video was already so long, I ended up cutting it out. But it'll be in my blog post, which should go up tomorrow (I hope!): www.alliterative.net/blog

    • @Alliterative
      @Alliterative  8 років тому

      +Alliterative (I don't know why that phrase is struck out, must have something to do with the dashes I put in, sorry!)

    • @korakys
      @korakys 8 років тому +4

      - -strike- -
      _ _italic_ _
      * *bold* *

    • @edlingja1
      @edlingja1 7 років тому

      -hello-
      _my_
      *friends*

  • @hopefullife5145
    @hopefullife5145 7 років тому

    There should not be any music in the middle, when talking about something nice

  • @noorayna7632
    @noorayna7632 7 років тому

    What is test of sublimity????

  • @stephaniehugo2391
    @stephaniehugo2391 4 роки тому

    The music fucks the video up because you can't hear what he's saying

  • @binkbonkbones3402
    @binkbonkbones3402 4 роки тому

    My head hurts

  • @nine300
    @nine300 7 років тому

    Sublime.

  • @alession.7747
    @alession.7747 4 роки тому +2

    porco dio l'assegno di inglese alle 6 di sera,

  • @dlwatib
    @dlwatib 5 років тому

    Music is too loud, and shouldn't be there anyway.

  • @etinarcadiaego7424
    @etinarcadiaego7424 6 років тому

    I find it worrying that humanist optimism is becoming popularity again. Nihilism is the way to go. Even Christianity once embraced the fact that human beings are miserable, wretched creatures whose lives are defined by suffering. In fact, suffering is vital in building moral character. Once one embraces that life is suffering and death is inevitable, one can start to work toward mastery. Humans are not meant to overcome the human condition.

  • @allisonthompson3128
    @allisonthompson3128 5 років тому

    Hahahahah!!!!!! I need Amy Schumers MyLady App!!!!!!

  • @elsie7334elsie
    @elsie7334elsie 5 місяців тому

    this is not a subliminal message

  • @mikewhelan9561
    @mikewhelan9561 7 місяців тому

    that music ... not sublime

  • @Daruqe
    @Daruqe 6 років тому +1

    Wait, but I thought "feels over reals" was _destroying_ Western civilization!

  • @brucewhite9796
    @brucewhite9796 6 років тому

    Jj

  • @patrickhodson8715
    @patrickhodson8715 7 років тому

    But... "sublimate"???

  • @hmdanielsen8267
    @hmdanielsen8267 7 років тому

    I would have loved to watch it to the end, but the absolutely loud and horrible music totally ruined it for me, and I have to close it.

  • @religionruinsus
    @religionruinsus 7 років тому +1

    stop that annoying music, I can't listen ....

  • @siddharthsarkate9014
    @siddharthsarkate9014 6 років тому

    Why did you choose the same music...... It irritates

  • @philc4520
    @philc4520 5 місяців тому

    Actually quite boring.

  • @redguy2489
    @redguy2489 2 роки тому

    wtf