Optimizing CO2 in a planted tank - Additional notes on gaseous exchange
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- Опубліковано 22 лип 2017
- Role of gaseous exchange in CO2 injection
On Henry's law, dissolved O2/CO2 at atmospheric equilibrium:
butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/...
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These are the most informative planted tank videos available.
ExtraSteps I agree! Could also include temperature if you want to optimize not only CO2 levels but as it relates to photosynthesis. May do my own video on the topic. Also, this video shows when the CO2 ceiling is met and observations and techniques used, but how it is met is through fish adaptation and acclimation. You are observing the fish and their physiology comes into play. This is what I discussed in my recent video.
ADU Aquascaping More videos pleaseee
You are one of the most informative aquarists on UA-cam. Very clear, top information and no fait-divers. You destroy all the other paranoia-inducing youtubers, with all their pseudo-science. Thank you! Regards from Portugal.
Fantastic video. As someone still relatively new to the hobby, I've always wondered why people are so concerned about reducing CO2 off-gassing instead of promoting good gas exchange, for exactly the reasons you stated in the video. The way you describe it makes it seem so obvious, yet you frequently read in forums how you should limit surface agitation during the CO2 injection period. As you stated, I'd rather up my CO2 rate and have good gas exchange to reach that optimal CO2 level faster; who cares if it wastes a bit more CO2 - CO2 is relatively cheap (much cheaper than livestock!)
Great video as always - I just wish you would post videos more frequently. :)
Excellent informative video - great to have people like you balancing out all the crap which is on UA-cam and I would rather watch 10 videos like this than 1 from someone boasting about how many fish they have bought or scrounging for money for new projects.
Keep doing what you're doing man as it helps many people including myself.
Groovy.
haa thanks man for all the support
Wow that 9 gallon hardscape looks amazing.
I'm really impressed by all the tanks you pull off.
Thanks for the information. I am 62 years old, have been out of the hobby since my teens. I am in the process of setting up a high tech tank, still assembling equipment, haven't gotten the tank wet yet. Using aqua soil, aquaclear h.o.b filter, canister filter with pondguru's set up, co2, led lights, almost ready to cycle, then buy plants and fish. Since my last tank was 40 years ago, a 20 gallon with undergravel filter, plastic plants, and guppies, it is a lot of things to get right, a bit daunting. This video helps tremendously
This information is not any where else on youtube.
Thank you very much
Dennis, your videos are easily the best planted tank videos on UA-cam. Everything you upload is so incredibly informative and well presented. Thanks so much for putting in the effort to make these. I'm fairly sure that if you made videos on how to get rich quick, I'd be a millionaire in no time.
haa thanks man
Greetings from Canada. Excellent explanation Dennis. Loved the charts. Keep up the good work
Prefect explanation man. Makes prefect sense. High injection rate set with a ceiling. Aids against fluctuations from consumption. Builds stability. We all know I agree. I will probably still make my own version. Haha. Glad to see an upload man
Ha, will be glad to see your version too ~ Did you disappear from FB, hope things are going well for you
Dennis Wong yeah, may start an ADU page. Sick of Facebook and Instagram. Have to focus on GIS mapping and hydrology. Don't have time for that shit right now! Haha. Great to see another video dude! Peace
Your channel is a great resource of information for every aquarist out there, great video as always Dennis.
Wow. Excellent video. I think this has been the limiter on my tank's success. Thank you for the video Dennis!
Dennis, I'm a big fan of your aquascaping format and methodology. :) I discovered your videos about a year ago, after failing twice on my own tank experimenting. You're by far the best aquascape video-blogger out there, presenting solid, well-researched, easy-to-understand information on all important aspects of the art: design, lighting, gases, substrate, dosing and technology, all in balance, keeping costs real and in a compact form that goes straight to the point. A real pleasure to watch!
It's a pity you don't have time to do way more videos, but I can't wait for the website. I'm just starting a complete new setup and I'm looking forward to put in practice your advice, guidelines and ideas. Your tanks are amazing and I learned so much from you. Thank you for sharing your know-how and keep being awesome!!
Thanks man, glad that I managed to help ~
Great info Dennis! All your videos are the best!. Love to hear from a true pro! Wish you did more videos. Thank you sir!
Another great video. Perfectly and clearly explained!
Same as yours NOAH
Fantastic video! Thanks so much. This is one of the best explanations and most helpful videos on CO2 that I've seen.
Again very good video and by far the best channel for solid information on many aspects of aquascaping and planted tanks. A great service to the aquascaping community and really hope you will continue to post great videos like this!
Thanks ~ I will, after I'm done with the website
These are the absolute best videos!
As always superb quality info and presentation. Thanks for this and all your other exceptional videos.
The most valuable video i have seen in ages
Very informative video! Thank you for explaining this for me! I feel that I better understand how my plants life and health are going to benefit from their ability, due to environment, to exchange some of much their much needed elements!
Dennis, baby, great video. Very informative and concise 👍
Thank you for these videos. My favorite aquarium/aquascaping YT channel.
ha thanks man
Excellent as always Dennis.
About time you released a new video :) my only criticism......you don't release enough.
Your tutorials are some of, if not the best I've seen, thank you for posting you've helped me improve my tanks and I've linked and quoted you in UKAPS (I hope you don't mind - if it's a problem let me know and I'll remove links) where you can see from the likes that your tutorials are appreciated.
Keep up the good work :)
Paul McGrath it's quality over quantity
heh thanks... I'm also working on a comprehensive planted tank website which will encompass the information here and more. Because it's text-based, translations are also more easily done into other languages, and it can cater to folks that don't favour the video format approach. Also, website easier to update and add in new information while videos take time to edit....
How exciting! When will this website be available?
Been working for it for past few months now, definitely before end of year I think
Very informative as always. Thank you.
You're an Outstanding Teacher!
Someone should give you a medal
Thank you, Dennis. Good job
Can you show a video of the inline atomizer running on your tank? This way we can see if the mist is acceptable to us. Thanks for the videos!
Hi Dennis great to see you, this was a great video, thanks for the info, i watched Adu co2 video too, both have great info, thanks for your time and info, i miss seeing your beautiful tanks. Hope all is well.
Hey man thanks for coming by, I've been busier this year... building website, helping local zoo with their planted tank as well ~
Wonderful information. Always eagerly awaited. :)
Been tuning my co2 to 1bps afraid of saturating the tank w co2. When I first installed the co2. Co2 was as 2to3 bps. Plants were pearling in 2to3 HR and shrimps were all ok staying at the substrate level. Lately I realised very little pearling as I tune down the co2. Thansk for the video..now I will strive to inject at a higher rate n monitor for the equilibrium
Excellent video, thank you!
Awesome videos, i really like the way you teach. Would be great if you made a video showing all your tanks (please :) )
Excellent video!
You must be an engineer IRL all your videos are informative, quality scientific information, and illustrations enhance your audio.
ha thanks for the compliment, unfortunately I work in finance IRL as it pays the bills better where I am
Great video, thanks for sharing! What surface skimmer was that?
I'm not sure actually, I know Ista, Fluval (probabaly the most expensive) and some other brands all make surface skimmer intakes based on the same design (from same china factory ? ). They all work similarly and are adjustable
Thanks for the reply back
so half of my aquarium water surface is covered with salvina natans, should i remove it to get more gas exchange? and a lot of co2 bubbles are trapped on their roots my bubble count is 1 per sec for my 250L aquarium
Hi dennis, I'm working at emulating your 4 ft ridgeline into a smaller ADA60 tank. I have some questions for you though.
Where did you get that 180 degree elbow connector that connects your Surface Skimmer to the inlet hose? I tried using my old eheim one but its far too long and ends up jutting out on top of the aquarium.
Since the surface skimmer's inlet pipe is so long and reaches near the top of the tank, i belive I would need to obtain a very short 180 degree elbow connector. Yours, in your 4ft, seem to be nice and flush along the aquairum and do not jut out awkwardly.
This process of setting up this tank is 2 months in the making (hardscaping along took 3 weeks). I never imagined it'd take this long😂.
Thank you for all your work and for inspiring me to give high tech nature aquariums a try
great video with lots of information i can use, as always with your uploads! Any new ones coming soon?
soon, I'm in Japan, ADA party now. Will post vids on the local aquascaping shops and ADA gallery
Great information.
Thanks great info man .
Dennis you are my hero
ha Glad to be of help~
This is a super interesting video - I think you just helped me avoid a bunch of problems as I set up my CO2 system (55 gal tank, canister filter). I am not getting a skimmer though - will just try to keep my surface from accumulating too much weeds / stuff. You find a single filter outflow gives you good enough top / bottom circulation?
Yes in most tanks, sometimes hardscape can block the flow so there are quieter spots
This has just convinced me to change my intake to one with a surface skimmer. I would love to use a lily pipe set, but my tank has a glass lid. Since I live in a desert, the evaporation is too much without it, but this means that I cann put the intake and output on the same end, so I'm afraid my flow pattern without a spray bar wouldn't be good. Any thoughts or advice on this? Should I just get an intake with a surface skimmer and leave the spray bar given the lid situation? The tank is a 40 breeder and my diffusion method is an in-line atomizer.
I think a spray bar can work, as long as the flow is strong enough, and you find a good angle for the circulation. Things can be flexible
I use fans that create a lot of surface agitation as well as a lilypipe with a surface skimmer inlet. Can I assume that these 3 combined most definitely ensure off gasing? My drop checker which I don't completely rely on is usually yellow and right under the point of where a fish or 2 might be found on the surface. Should I be safe to assume that that is max CO2 without harm to the fish?
Good video and "I approve"
ha, thanks Tom
Hi Dennis. It's been a while. When will we be seeing new content from you? I love your videos. It's amongst the best aquarium related content on UA-cam.
I've been overseas quite a bit. I think the guys that follow me on other social media are more aware; I've been to japan/china for aquascaping events and competitions in past couple of months, and am in Lisbon now. Quite a bit of video footage and photos but no time to process it yet
Dennis Wong Ok. Thanks for the update. Looking forward to future content :-)
Dennis, that was a grt explanation thanks for that, i have a question when u say high co2 injection does it mean something around 4-5bps?
BPS isn't a good measurement, as bubble sizes can differ quite a bit
So with this logic, if I do not run a skimmer and my circulation is relatively low I could add an airstone or bubble tube to boost my offgassing rates? Or would the bubbles disrupt the co2 saturation too much cause it breaks the surface?
Hi Dennis what type of filtration would you recommend? Sump vs Canister... which is better for dosing co2? Thank you for all your videos!
Any is fine. Sump has quite strong off-gassing; takes a bit more design consideration to reduce splashing
What I don't get is why the drop checker of my 250gal, sump-driven tank never reaches green.. Based on your thesis, the extra water bubbles generated by the water from the display tank hitting the sump should be helping with CO2 availability.
Can we use an air pump with a very low bubble flow for better gaseous exchange?
Hi Dennis! Well explained video. Helps me alot. Currently cant decide btw inline atomisers n reactors. Care to explain the characteristic for each? Would like to hav just a little mist but also high dissolution. Maintenance wise?
Both inline atomizers and reactors are low maintenance. Main difference is that inline atomizers work linearly and simply, while reactors have an optimal flow pattern/size depending on your tank size - and no mist in the later. If mist bothers you while using atomizer, try looking for those that produce an ultra fine, almost invisible mist
Thanks for the reply! Which inline atomiser r u using?
Does having a tight fitting lid affect gas exchange?
Great video dennis i have a question im abiut to get a co2 systems and whit that ill be able to have light much moor high i this point but im afraid for my fish will it be too bright fir them ?
Depends on the fish; having hardscape for them to take shelter helps
You could write a high tech planted aquarium book to sit next to Ecology of the Planted Aquarium. Thank you for this knowledge.
I'm working on a website, where the information and more is consolidated...
Wow nice information , like a science lesson . Have just started on a non pressurised gel based co2 system using the fermantation process and can see changes already , got a surface skimmmer which also acts as a circulation pump in addition to an internal pump head running sponge filtration . Fish all ok so far . Watching for plant growth changes , it's only been running for a few weeks . Just back into the hobby after years of being out of it . Thanks for your video's .
Hi Dennis, any tips to grow dwarf hairgrass? :)
Can we see a tour of your fish tank room?
Very good video, but for me it lacks some applicable information. Are you suggesting the use of controller where CO2 is optimal all the time? Is monitoring CO2 via drop ok? How much flow is required for good gaseous exchange?
Check the other main CO2 video, this is just an add on to that one
Hi Dennis. I realize with your busy schedule you are less able to participate on TPT but there is a thread on Custom Micro mix that I find very interesting. The premise for the thread is the success of one of the members who took 1st place in the recent AGA Dutch category and his experimentation with mixing his own micros. From listening to your videos and a podcast you did for the Aquascaping Podcast website you dose relatively low on the Macros but I don't recall you stating your micro dose schedule. Would you be willing to share your micro dosing regime?
Thanks,
Rod
If you're talking about Joe harvey we are familiar with each other's work... you can see some of our interactions on his threads in TPT. I use a custom micro-mix as well... but as with many things, I find that most tanks work in a large range, and people tend to overthink things. I find EI very heavy-handed generally; I dose 0.05ppm Fe EDTA/DPTA mixed as a proxy for trace mixes.
Yes it is Joe and he has stated he is well aware of your work and has conversed with you. Is Fe at 0.05 used as a proxy based on EI? From the thread on TPT the emphasis is also on customizing the other micro nutrients (Mn, Zn, Mo, B, Cu and even Ni) and on the effects Ph has when using EDTA vs DPTA. Do you also customize these nutrients? The TPT discussion has trended toward heavier micro dosing but I had remembered you stated you preferred a lower dose concentration which I also prefer.
Eh, I don't use EI much in my tanks actually. I just dose 0.05ppm as normal dose for my type of tanks. I do use a custom trace mix, but I don't think it matters for most folks. As long as you dose enough and not excessively. I do use a mix of EDTA and DPTA. I find that on forums, including TPT, very few people have stable enough methods to come up with constructive outcomes in whether a slight difference in trace ratios make a difference; most of the time, their results are based on noise and conjecture. You can try the adjustments on your own tank and take down observations, but I am skeptical of aquarists results because most hobbyist tanks are very inconsistent
Thanks for the reply and info.
Fantastic! I have a small 4 gal.CO2 injected nano tank....the plants are a bitch to grow...I think I'm expecting to much , but this is my third restart hoping it goes well. I have/had bubbles on the surface which was annoying. Read and viewed stuff that said it could it was protein and possible could be from a dead fish...My fish are alive. However you mentioned it's common with plants tanks...which is what I guessed it could possibly be during the photosynthesis...thanks for confirming this ...I will get a bigger tank in the future, just have nowhere to put it now....But my nano is a joy to maintain and perfect...great video I learned a lot and thanks...
What lights should I use for a planted nanotank of 30 liters? Good lamps are surprisingly hard to come by :/
Yep, currently, I kinda like the Twinstar LED sets
will there be a part 2 to the Dirt substrate video Dennis?
haa yes, I should do it quickly... been very long
Im trying to copy your filtration, water movement, and co2 diffusuion. Could you tell me what brand and models they are. I want all my hoses and connectors to all be uniform, assuming you found them to complemebt each other. Thanks for your insight!
Check the 4ft tank setup vid a few vids back, it has all the equipment details
Which setup is this?
MORE VIDEOS PLEASEEEE 😁😁😁
A pH controller would keep the CO2 levels higher at lights on - which should be better than setting a solenoid to go on an hour before lights on. Would a pH controller achieve the same goal of keeping CO2 at a consistently high level?
It could if it was properly tuned. CO2 levels still take time to build-up, whether or not one uses a controller...
What’s the ideal gap between the top of the lily pipe and the water surface?
1.5 to 2 inches about there
I do have a question. Please answer me dennis.
I never turn off my CO2 i put a fan on my tank to keep the tank cool. I also made a surface agitation without using anyskimmers. I use ferts for the plants. But why the plant isn't growing that well? Mind asking your email so i can send you the picture?
Join the High-tech facebook group and make a post ~ Link in the description
dude you are a gaseous Jedi
I didn't understand so good. It's better to keep the drop checker green at the middle of photoperiod and lime green at the final? How many hours of CO2 I need for a ten hours photoperiod? Thank you.
You should run CO2 for at least the first 8 hours, if not the entire photoperiod. The drop checker should be green from start of day....
Thank you for you reply. So you meant the drop checker shoud be green the moment the lights turn on? My photoperiod has 10 continuous hours (inicially 2 hours of low light, then 6 hours of high light and I finish with 2 hours of low light). The CO2 turns on 2 hours before lights on and it turns off 2 hours before the lights turn off. The drop checker is bluish green immediately before CO2 is injected, it keeps bluish green after 2 hours of CO2, turns green with 4 hours and the moment CO2 turns off, after 10 hours, it's lime green (clear green) but not yellowish green. From lime green to bluish green the drop checker takes 14 hours to change, I refer to the time the CO2 is not running. This scheldule seems correct?
Actually, drop checkers aren't accurate at all. If you are aiming for accuracy, use relative pH drop readings, throw away the drop checker
PLEASE MAKE MORE INFORMATIVE VIDEOS
I dont use CO2 but great info :)
so i can pump higher levels of co2 without harming fish as long as i have really good circulation?
yes, but remember to watch your livestock as you increase CO2 levels. SOme fish are less tolerant of high levels; i.e. discus, elephant nose etc
thanks for the reply, ill keep an eye out for how my fish act. great video btw it has really helped
Welcome bCk
Nice, a new video.
i waiting for the subtitles :)
always a pleasure to watch your videos dear dennis
An overview of this beautiful tank in next video ?
Just today, I forgot to enable the timer of my Co2 and it was running for 20 hrs straight if not through strong surface agitation (my way of aeration after co2 off) my fauna should have died.
yep, that's the idea~
Hi what is the temperature of your tank?
between 22-26 degrees celsius depending on when the air conditioning is on
Can cpd survive in 28-30 degree?
So I have seen the two most preferred methods of nutrient dosing discussed by you and some other aquarists. Dosing and regular water changes have me baffled a bit. I was told by George Farmer that, dosing and water changes is just how they promote good growth of plants and less growth for algae and prevention of “organics” building up. What I don’t understand is what organics are building up in a planted tank? If it’s nitrates or phosphates, then I don’t understand why one would dose with nitrates or phosphates. Is it proteins, amino acids? If so, wouldn’t heterotrophic bacteria break it down to more ammonia and hence the plants would take up the ammonia or the nitrifying bacteria would convert the ammonia to nitrite and then nitrates? Is it sulfates or sulfides that may build up? I know that sulfates are utilized in plant roots and convert sulfates to sulfides. Is it lipids or amino sugars and wouldn’t they be more things that could be converted to dissolved nitrogen? Has anyone tried a dosing regimen focused more on trace elements and potassium without so many water changes in a planted tank with success?
Good question. Firstly, most organic waste don't break down completely/cleanly, in tanks with poor bio-filter, it can build up faster than it is digested, it depends on a variety of factors; livestock load, maturity of tank etc. Plants also produce quite a bit of organic waste; old growth deteriorates, plants that are not growing well produce a lot of organic waste. You can dose lean and do less water changes in matured tanks that are stable and slow growing. Many in the non-CO2 injected tank group do this.
Dennis Wong awesome, thanks for the response Dennis. So assuming you have very good filtration flow, a regular replacement of filter pads, one could rely on fish waste and fish food leftovers for nitrate and phosphate needs of plants in a tank (assuming you are dosing appropriately with K and micro nutrients) while simultaneously doing less water changes?
yeah you can
Great info Dennis! Is it advisable to leave CO2 injection running 24/7 if I have good surface agitation?
You could I guess, but I never found it necessary or advantageous to run it 24/7... given that most tanks spend more time in darkness than lighted
Yes and the advantage is the constancy of ph. Even if many people says that is not so important and some ph fluctuations are good tolerated by fish, that technique makes sense to me , so i prefer 24/7 co2 only for this (ph very stable) but always in presence of very good circulation and some agitation surface. Co2 at 30ppm always safe and o2 in adequate levels with independence of any biologycal factor. In my case, 2 decades of non stop co2 injection/good circulation, i think is very easy and safe// Both videos are excelent!
Bro how are u. Long time no new video bro
Yep, been traveling quite a bit for last quarter, have footage from ADA gallery, Lisbon Amano exhibit etc, but have not organized yet
Dennis Wong bro. I just been to his gallery in tokyo 2 days ago. Its real good too.
Are you Singaporean?:)
yup
Do you find that you need a chiller for your plants to thrive in this heat?
Love your content
heh thanks... yea tropical temps are very warm. Most of my tanks are in an air-conditioned room now. There are many species that take warmer temperatures well though; most ludwigias, swords, crypts, anubias,
Dennis Wong wow if its AirCon 24/7, it must be quite expensive. Well, definitely a good investment:)
Do you find that the cooler temperatures are necessary for your planted tanks?:)
I find that the image of the hobby, in our country, doesnt do it any justice.( First thing that comes to mind for the general public is an old uncle with a flowerhorn or a 8 year old overstocking his 3 Gallon tank with fancy goldfish. )Even within the aquarium community, there arent many experts to lead the way in the many niches of fish keeping (cichlids, livebearers, koi, reefs, planted tanks). I believe your presence in the SG aquarium scene does a lot to progress the community here, and is/will continue to be appreciated by many.
Cooler temperatures are helpful for many plants - mosses are greener, more compact, some picky species like rotala macrandra grows much better. We do have a few experts in aquascaping, just that they aren't so public with their works. Google for Robertus Hartono or Roger Goh and you'll see many good works - and they have won far more aquascaping competitions than I have
Could sugar be dissolved as a poor man's co2 injector?
As in fermentation of sugar using yeast? that is a DIY method, but the citric acid method works better, can google it~
cool thx!
Is this channel dead ?
nah, I just took a break to do something else
Dennis Wong Sir could you please make a video on plant health, fert dosing and the pearling phenomenon in detail ??
Come back Dennis We Miss You
Almost done with the website, then can I go back to making vids
Too technical... sorry