How Each Asian Capital Got Its Name
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- Опубліковано 15 чер 2024
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▶ TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 - Intro
01:49 - Kabul (Afghanistan)
02:21 - Yerevan (Armenia)
02:59 - Baku (Azerbaijan)
03:28 - Manama (Bahrain)
03:39 - Dhaka (Bangladesh)
04:05 - Thimphu (Bhutan)
04:13 - Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei)
04:38 - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)
05:03 - Beijing (China)
05:28 - Dili (Timor-Leste)
05:38 - T'bilisi (Georgia)
05:51 - Victoria (Hong Kong)
06:04 - New Delhi (India)
06:29 - Jakarta (Indonesia)
06:45 - Tehran (Iran)
06:58 - Baghdad (Iraq)
07:15 - Jerusalem
07:42 - Tel Aviv (Israel)
07:47 - Tokyo (Japan)
08:15 - Amman (Jordan)
08:34 - Astana (Kazakhstan)
08:55 - Kuwait City (Kuwait)
09:09 - Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan)
09:36 - Vientiane (Laos)
09:55 - Beirut (Lebanon)
10:15 - Macau (Macau)
10:42 - Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
10:55 - Male (Maldives)
11:39 - Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia)
12:06 - Naypyidaw (Myanmar)
12:14 - Kathmandu (Nepal)
12:27 - Pyongyang (N. Korea)
12:41 - Muscat (Oman)
13:06 - Islamabad (Pakistan)
13:15 - Ramalla (Palestine)
13:37 - Doha (Qatar)
13:50 - Moscow (Russia)
14:10 - Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
14:25 - Singapore (Singapore)
14:34 - Seoul (S. Korea)
14:50 - Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Sri Lanka)
15:10 - Damascus (Syria)
15:22 - Taipei (Taiwan)
15:35 - Dushanbe (Tajikistan)
15:50 - Bangkok (Thailand)
16:01 - Manila (Philippines)
16:16 - Ankara (Turkey)
16:25 - Ashgabat (Turkmenistan)
16:39 - Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)
16:59 - Tashkent (Uzbekistan)
17:10 - Hanoi (Viet Nam)
17:25 - Sanaa (Yemen)
17:41 - Summary
▶ DISCLAIMER: On the maps used for China, India, and Pakistan - in light green are claimed territories by these countries. I do not endorse or support any of the sides in these conflicts, my usage of these maps is only justified by the fact they are the ones used to represent said countries on their Wikipedia pages. The same applies to the Afghanistan flag.
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So how many of these capital names did I mispronounce?
None your good
Also I'm guessing India is also named after indra
East timors meaning in Portuguese timor means east so it's east east probably cause it's on the east side of the planet on the east side of the contenint
@@ringedrussiatheanimator its called east timor because its on the east side of the island called timor, not the east side of the world and continent
Not a capital but Tagalog is more like tah-gah-lōg rather than tag a log 😂
Just to be clear, Thai people don't call the capital city *"Bangkok"* anymore. The full name of our capital city is *"Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit"* but we just call it *"Krung Theb Maha Nakhon"* which means "The big city of gods(Hindu's gods)"
Oh my lord, beautiful
And the world will still call it as Bangkok because nobody would care to memorize that long name. And I am 100% sure that you are just showing off. It is still Bangkok.
@@jontillas1496 Pffffft Google mate, use your brain. I'm not showing off and i don't care if the world still call it Bangkok. I'm here just to give you a fact that this is a real name of the capital city of Thailand, Every Thai people know this and we call our capital city "KRUNGTHEP MAHA NAKHON". GOOGLE IT MATE.
@@jontillas1496 and somehow there's a town in wales call "Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch" and people still know and it became meme too.
I also heard this News in Korea, and i wonder is there any short forms of that name, that Thai people use? Like just called Maha Nakhon? Or you guys always speak full words? Beautiful name BTW :)
Peter the Great is the founder of St. Petersburg but its name is actually referred to St. Peter (apostle).
I didn't know this! Thank you
Thank you for mentioning Hong Kong again.
Indeed no one calls Victoria as Hong Kong’s capital, but Central instead. Yes Central, a name with no Characteristic. 😅 The Chinese name 中環 means the middle of the circle.
Actually, its first name is petrograd, as a tribute to its founder, Peter the great
@@orionfight2973 no. Petrograd was its 2nd name. Russia went to the WW1 against Germany and capital city's name turned out to be too germanish. So they changed a name to Petrograd(and reference in fact changed to Peter the Great that's true) but just couple years later they changed it again in honour of Lenin.
It's a "coincidence".
Just a side note as someone who’s from Thailand, the only people refer to Thailand capital as Bangkok are people outside of Thailand, the Thai people calls it’s Krung Thep, Krung is old language meaning city while Thep means holy deity, so the name means something along the lines of city of deity or the city of angels.
Bangkok is the old name of this area near grand palace bofore king Rama I established the new city name Krung Thep (Krung=city, Thehp=angle, Krung Thep= city of angle or Los Angelis. While Bang = village , kok = one kine of a fruit tree name Spondias pinnata or theire cousin is olive. Name bangkok was wide spred by Portuguese merchant in 16 century
There is a possible legend that explains the name "Thimphu", and that is that is that according to the travels of one man in the 1300's, Jamyan Kuengasenge, there was a local deity, who dissolved before his eyes and became a part of the rock he was stood on. "Thim" meaning "dissolve" and preceding "phu" meaning high ground. so "Dissolve High Ground". Not sure how true it is, but it's the only explanation I have ever found.
@मराठी माणूस 🇮🇳 I am not, I just love Etymology a lot and find it interesting. :)
I guess "Thimphu" have a simpler meaning but noted it is just my personal guessing no proof at all. In Cantonese "Thim (or Tin天)" is mean sky, and "Phu (or Fuu府)" is mean mansions. So I guess Thimphu means "Mansion in the sky"?
@@yh_l1556 it’s not because Bhutanses do not know anything about Cantonese.
5:33 The ancient Malays understood that the wind that blew from Asia to Australia from October to April was called the Bharat wind, while the opposite direction was called the Timur wind. And yap, Timur is actually the name of the wind that blows in April-October from Australia to Asia.
Note : the word "Timog" form Tagalog means south because the wind blows from the south. I'm not good at English, so I'm using google translate for this
You did great with google translate.
Yep, Timog is south in Tagalog. It differs from other languages that use the word Habagatan/Abagatan to denote the word "south"
@@makotopark7741 [Selatan] I can see the -atan similarity.
@@solehsolehsoleh the root word is Habagat, the suffix is -an.
Dili in cebuano means no
It's interesting how most of these names came out of India, Persia and Greece tells so much about the influence and reach of these lands had back then in history.
Pliny the Elder, in 77 CE, called India “the sink of the world's gold
The countries that would have dominated trade on the silk route would have been Persians Indian and the Chinese ..no doubt the influence was so huge
All three are indo-european- aryan languages.
whispers: colonialism.
Not from India but Sanskrit. Sanskrit isnt belong to India at that time!!
Yeah, alot of cities began their life as military outposts of empires like the Romans, Greeks, Persians, Turkic Khaganates etc
4:36 I think you accidentally mentioned that Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III was the previous sultan of Bhutan. I believe you meant Brunei instead 😂
So satisfying to have a channel where when you cannot find information you ask for help and don’t ignore it, you seek it out. A sponge for knowledge! Keep it up, I love your videos.
Thanks!
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are you aware there is a scheme to help rich/china get cheaper than normal investment?
first ukraine coup 2014 to install hunter biden=united fruit company 2.0 Guatemala
then have ukraine declare join nato/do shady bombing donbas 8 years=Cuban missile crisis 2.0
2. then use refugee program abuse=toss away population for usa to take care of in order for ukraine stay lower inflation/living cost than normal
3. same with destroy iraq=dump iraq population to europe in order for iraq stay cheaper than normal for Halliburton investment
4. destroy cali prop187 and create daca=south america stay cheaper than normal for outsource by throw away portion of their population for usa to take care of.
all of these 3 examples killed value of minimum wage plus wasted tax could have been better used to give all medicare
16:08 As a Filipino this is wrong. The term May-nilá comes from the Spanish, the actual Tagalog(the group of people that lives in the region) term is May nilad. Nilad is the name of the plant, not the color indigo(I don't know where you got that, but Nilad is a shrub with very distinct flowers). May nilad translates to "has nilad" referring to the place having nilad plants, because precolonial tagalogs knew the place by the abundance of the nilad plant there.
Nila is indigo in Sanskrit
@@engineeredarmy1152 yes, but Baybayin Inscryption is different from Sanskrit, they may look alike but they are not the same. It's like saying Hiragana (Japanese Inscryption) is the same as Hanzi(Chinese Inscryption), both look alike and one is influenced by the other, but they are not the same.
I'm not saying Sanskrit is wrong, rather it was used in a wrong context. For surface to a bit in depth knowledge researched by this channel, equating Baybayin as Sanskrit is pretty dumb of them.
@@johngrimm2074 thanks for the elaborate answer. I found similarly and hence thought of mentioning it.
Nila is Indigo plant
Literal meaning of most South and southeast Asian countries tells a lot about how much their history and culture influenced by Bharat and Sanskrit in ancient times(not using word India, Bharat instead as India not used to exists back then but Bharat did)
Even saying Bharat might not be accurate. Bharat is pretty much an endonym for most in the peninsula, most outsiders would call india by what ever culture they were in contact with. For those in the west Indo(Sindh) or Hind(Beyond Sind) is actually accurate.
@@swarupreddyvelagala667 indraprastha (capital of pandavas)used to be in area where Delhi is today.
And hastinapur (capital of kauravas)near today's meerut,UP.
And also I am medical student not of history or mythology
I actually googled :-)
@@swarupreddyvelagala667 bad English?!,
We are not relatives of Shashi Tharoor, we can understand each other statement is perfectly enough:-)
My own mother tongue is hindi
@@swarupreddyvelagala667 abhi mei 12th mei hi hu😅
Studing as neet aspirant currently
As a Hong Konger, the name "Hong Kong" means fragrant harbor in our Cantonese language which is an established name for this place 200 years before the arrival of the British. Even the British decided to refer our city as Hong Kong and never victoria, so the section about Hong Kong is inaccurate.
Victoria is the name of the de facto capital and administrative centre of Hong Kong. It is located on the north to the northwest of Hong kong Island, known more commonly for its constituency divisions called "四環九約". Victoria is now rarely used to describe the region as the names of Central and Western District and Wan Chai District replaced it.
@@zinc8208 Another native Hongkonger here. It might have been correct many decades ago, I can’t tell I haven’t been born yet. But as least now, in the recent 2-3 decades, there’s no capital in HK. We just treat the whole city as an entire city similar to Singapore.
Also I’d like to add that the Chinese name of Macau is 澳門 which is not the same as the origin for Macau.
Not so true in the past, in the early colonial age, Stanley and Victoria were 2 different settlements. Hong Kong was not A city at first, as both towns expanded, mostly Victoria, the borders were slowly erased. A few boundary stones are still standing to this day. Prior to the Edwardian era, the administraions specifically named the "gau wan sei yeuk" as the City Of Victoria, corresponded to the Qing's City of Kowloon.
I used to live in Macau. Actually the origins of the Romanised name Macau is quite disputed. One thing this video did get right is that Macau most likely came from a Fujian dialect (Ama-gao as Bay of Ama is clearly not Cantonese). Some theories include Macau coming from 駁口 which meant sth like port, or possibly related to cannons (礟).
Also, just like how Hong Kong used to be, Macau wasn’t a single city-state. It was a very territory consisting of two municipalities, namely Macau (澳門市) and Ilhas (離島市).
@@nissenlam As a former Macau resident, here’s a fun fact for you: the lotus flower is not the symbol of Macau because of how abundant it is, unlike the 紫荊花 in HK (idk the flower’s English name), but because the Macau peninsula was shaped like a lotus. 蓮峰鏡海 was even used as a phrase to refer to Macau.
Tokyo = Eastern Capital
Beijing = Northern Capital
Nanjing = Southern Capital
Where is the Western Capital!?
Xi'an? Maybe
That's the closest I can think of
Kyoto in Japan was briefly known as Saikyo "Western Capital" when the whole Edo-> Tokyo thing was moving power about.
Definitely Xian(西安),literally to peace the western.There's a more prestigeous name "changan（长安/長安）"，literally eternal peace.It's the china's thouand years capital through rise of Qin to collapse of Tang. By the way.Eastern capital(dongjing/dongdu) should be luoyang（洛阳/洛陽）,the capital of god(shendu神都).
Constantinople or Istanbul(Turkey)
winter melon (east)
pumpkin (south)
watermelon (west)
where is the northern melon?
14:25 The Singapore name comes from Old Malay which itself is heavily influenced by Sanskrit. In India we have thousands of Cities and Villages ending with pore.
Singa also means Lion in Sanskrit and Hindi.
Singam is a Tamil word! Sanskrit is a language that’s derived from many languages especially from Persian Parkrit.
@@FalconTheFries Persian is a whole different language and prakrit is derived from Sanskrit सिंह or Sinha means lion
@@FalconTheFries it's singh, not singam.
@@FalconTheFries There only is no proof that Sanskrit is older than Tamil. but in reality Sanskrit is older than Tamil, Sanskrit literally paved the way for the history of the modern and ancient subcontinent.
Stop trying to erase prominence and history. This is coming from a Tamizhian myself. Also, Tamil is much moderately influenced by Sanskrit.
Simha in kannada
I really like how your editing has improved over the years. You've been putting a lot of effort into presentation lately and it shows. Great job man.
you must be one hell of a speed learner.
Tajik is just a variety of Persian spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by Tajiks, so Dushanbe's name comes from Persian/Farsi.
In Persian Dushanbe which means Monday 👍
Same in Uzbek, Dushanba=Monday, only the last letter is a not e
@@peacefulman2718 it’s a Persian loanword in Uzbek
Farsi is a dialect of Persian itself spoken in Iran, so Persian doesn't mean Farsi
yes, dushanbe means monday even in dari(farsi dialect spoken in Afghanistan/Pakistan).
Just like Tokyo, Pyongyang and Hanoi were Sino names too. For Pyongyang - 平(flat)壤(land), and for Hanoi - 河(river)内(inside)
Isnt Seoul as well?
@@IronKurone
No, the city's old name is Sino: 漢陽（한양(HanYang)）=> 漢城（한성(HanSeong)）.
They changed it to 서울(Seoul) after WW2, which same as the video explain, comes from Korean word Capical.
@@qweewqqweewq31313131 If I remember correctly then from 2005 they also use 首爾 as Seoul although it represent no meaning of Hangul Seoul.
@@IronKurone Yeah, but that just (sound) translation from Korean to Chinese, which do not have a Sino root
@@IronKurone no, but its chinese translation is excellent, which makes it seems to be a sino name
首(서)(top)爾(울)(city)
17:07 btw "kend" isn't "Old" Turkish, it's still in use today. We mostly use "şehir" for city, but "kent" is also used.
Shahr persian word
@@sharqi1691 I never said it wasn't
@@kmmmsyr9883 I said it for information to you
@@sharqi1691 oh thanks then :)
@@kmmmsyr9883 you are welcome
Funny things about Jakarta is that it was actually once named as Jayakarta and after the Dutch came, it was changed to Batavia, and after gaining independence, the name is changed to Jakarta, which kinda leads back to it's original name, Jayakarta.
Great job man!
Appreciate ALL of your videos🙏🏽
Thank you for this video! ❤️ Looks like a lottt of work went into it
Here is a thing about "Dhaka" 's name. It's based on the name of the greater region that it is in. Imagine if instead Baviaria's capital being called Munich/München it was called as "Bavaria". The actual name for the area "Dhaka" is due to the "Dhakeshvari" temple which was once a pilgrimage site. The city got it's name of Dhaka after the Mughal were kicked out of Bengal, renaming the city from "Jahangir Nagar" city named after Emperor Mughal Jahangir to "Dhaka". All other explanations are likely rooted in the time when Bangal was part of Pakistan where an attempt severing all non-islamic roots was taking place. Not saying that they aren't accurate but highly likely that is the case.
Where there is !slam, there is instability. Best example is the Indian subcontinent. !slam is born to kill non-musl!ms, it is very evident from history.
It’s a theory.
Bengal subadar islam khan named Dhak instrument to Dhaka.
lol why so triggered, he said 3 possible theory.. you can't say your statement is correct without any established prove..
They named it dhakha because all the himdus in banhladesh where a dakhati
Great informative video ❤️
Ankara: Meaning "anchor"
Also Ankara: Nowhere near a body of water. In fact, it's a common Turkish joke to say "Did your ships sink in Ankara?" (a variation of ("Did your ships sink in the Black Sea?", meaning "did something happen") or "A ship has sunken in Ankara."
First time hearing the Ankara version, sounds way stupid to be honest.
It's as cold and not as pleasant as a grapevine wrap your grandma would force you to eat after visiting way too many relatives in one day of religious holiday trips, especially if you are in a particularly poor mood.
You might as well take off your belt and give the snarky punk a good whooping after that.
first time hearing those jokes. and probably no relevance to the city's name.
Hanoi's medieval name is even cooler. Hanoi was called "Thang Long" for over 600 years, and it means "Ascending dragon".
Yeah.
We wish we kept that name instead.
Meanwhile the nearby Halong (下龙/龍) Bay sounds like "descending dragon Bay" in Chinese
Hanoi has another name which literally means The Eastern Capital - Đông Kinh 東京. Hanoi got this name in times of Later Lê Dynasty to distinguish it from Tây Kinh (The Western Capital), which is now located in Thanh Hóa. The French colonisers later called it Tonkin, then used the name to refer to the whole Northern part of Vietnam.
Tokyo in Vietnam 😂.
@@SereVie lol true. The capital keeps changing throughout history lol.
There was another Eastern Captial 东京/東京 in China from 10th to 12th centuray, the first captial of Song Dynasty, till it's destroyed in a war. And now it's just an ordinary small city locatied in north China (开封）。
@@gogojest9367 开封/Kaifeng was also home to Judge Bao (包公) who was reputed for his wisdom e.g. he reportedly determined to whom an umbrella (whom 2 people were fighting over) belonged to by intentionally breaking it, & the one who told the other "Serves you right" was determined to not be the owner
Interestingly , Hanoi is 河内 in Chinese, but 河内 (pronounced Kawachi in Japanese) is another name of Osaka, 2nd biggest city of Japan
You did great job!!!!! Very informative!
Great video as usual.
"Countries have capitals, and capitals have names" - Knowledge, General, 2022
Bangkok is the old name of the capital city. (The location today is Thonburi). The official name of the capital city is "กรุงเทพมหานคร (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)"
Yes, And sometimes has said that. Bangkok means Bang Makok, Refers to a village full of olive trees.
Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasi is the full name. Obviously, this is too much of a mouthful so Thais usually simply say Krungthep. The meaning of the full name is City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of gods incarnate, erected by Vishvakarman at Indra's behest.
@@raylightbown4968 So Bangkok (Krung Thep) and Los Angeles are what Filipino speakers would call "name-siblings" ('tukayo'). Interesting.
@@SiKedek Yes. I was amused when I first learned that.
"thep" is a god/deity, not angel, it comes from sanskrit "deva", the same root as english "deity" and tagalog "diyos" and "dewata", the former coming from spanish "dios", which is from latin "deus", and the latter comes from sanskrit as well
amazing job thanks for the content
Damn that's some very dope new editing
"Kuala Lumpur" translated sounds drab. Here's the slightly more interesting back story. It was founded as a tin mining settlement at the confluence of 2 rivers in the 19th century. It is likely the "mud" in the name refers to what's being discharged during tin mining; the significance of it being Malaysia was the largest producer in the world then and most of the 20th century.
So the city isn't named after mud but trash/waste/ooze instead?
Rivers in asian is always muddy.
I heard Pahang and Peraks name come from Khmer both meaning tin and silver. ✌️
@@AzzrudinJamil the deltas especially. Like Mekong. But sungai itself very beautiful
Why not both?
Kuala Lumpur means Muddy Confluence which is referring to the point of the intersection between Klang river and Gombak river which are the tin-mining area back in the 19th century.
Complete explanation.
Actually, Ashgabat doesn't mean The city of love, but rather "Ashg" comes from Parthian "Ashk", the nickname of ancient Iranian kings who established the city. So Ashgabat: "The city of Ashk's"
The city was founded by the first parthian ruler. It was called ashk apat and after the arab invasion it changed to
Ashgabad.
hey, I usually don't comment on any videos but wanted to say that I really liked this intro for some reason :D. Of course all of your videos are really cool and keep up the work!
Amazing amount of research thanks 😎
There is a lot of conflict about the name of Ankara (the capital of Turkey). This is because the city itself is very old. The deeper we dig, the more ancient a city emerges, and it has almost always been called by the same name. Ancient legends and rumors give an idea about the point where the name of the city came from.
According to one of these legends, when the Phrygian King Midas found a sea anchor [Anker], this city was founded for the first time, and the city got its name as the word Anker. This is the currently accepted explanation :D (This city is older than Turks and Greeks !!)
The city might be older than the greek settlement of central anatolia, but the name ancyra (the object) comes from greek etymologically
@@orestismpotis2 Nope,the word's root is Proto Indo European word "ank". Phyrigians and Ancient Hellens were the. children of the same father(Paleo Balkanic people). This is why Phyrigian is very similar to Greek.
@@orestismpotis2 bro Anatolia had a lot of people before the Turks there where the Greeks, before the Greeks there where the Persians and before the Persians there where other people living there.
May 🇹🇷 back to paganism 🙏🏻
@アレイナ "Before the greeks there were persians"
Mate, Greeks (Myceneans) have literally been in Anatolia since the late bronze age (1800 BCE) after their cousins the Hittites (Nesha) arrived, whilst Cyrus the Great conquered the Lydian empire during the sixth century BCE and didn't even assimilate anyone there. The "other people living there" were the Hurrians and Kaskians, both part of the Caucasian areal linguistic group, and before that were the Ancient Anatolian Farmer people, who migrated from the Middle East to Anatolia to the rest of Europe and spread farming there, but if you want to go that far, do know that Turkic peoples were only recorded in the history books after the fifth century CE, and during the time of the Hurrians, Turks were living east of the Khangai mountains (ie. in Manchuria), they didn't even reach Mongolia yet, and the only reason they spread west was because of a non-Turkic (Yeniseian) empire, the Xiongnu, and during the later years of the empire Turks were absorbed into the federation and become the dominant group due to the Gokturk rebellion
The Philippine Capital was actually created by the early Tondo Kingdom(Formerly Known as "Tondo" not the current existing Tondo) and the name of the capital "Manila" or "May-nila" came from a Plant that produce Indigo Dye, a (Nilád) Plant or Schyphiphora Hydrophyllacea
@@ceci--lia nilad is not a myth,. Aeven today there are nilad plants on part of coastal paranaque. Freedom island. Pasig river and manila bay has plenty of it during spaniah period
@@themask0125 can I go to the freedom park? How can I go there
@@blp5840 just go to. Manila bay and ask..a.boatman to bring you there.. I think you need to ask the caretakers to enter
as Bette Davis said years ago .. about Tondo... "What a Dump !!! "
Hello, thanks for the VDO. However, I am from Cambodia, I would like to do some corrections. In 13:07, where the longer name of Phnom Penh was mentioned. The meaning of the name is not related to Brahma’s face. It’s because Phnom Penh is located on the river bank where the four rivers meet. So “Chaktokmuk “ refers to the four rivers, such as : Upper Mekong, Lower Mekong, Tonle Sap and Basac river .
Thank you
Yes meanwhile Phnom means hills or mountains. Penh is everywhere
Is sanskrit, "Chaturmukh" means four faces
@@psrdiscord3991 I know exactly CHATOKMUK means “Four faces” in Sanscrit. But the we named our city’s name CHAKTOMUK after the four rivers.. You can ask any Cambodian people
Brother "Chaktomuk" is derived from Sanskrit word "Chaturmukh" which means "Four heads" and the word is used to describe"Brahma" oftentimes in India.
Phnom Penh in Chinese is called 金边 which literally means "golden side"
Moskva (moscow) came from an old finno-ugric language meaning black river. But it didn't come from "musta joki" that you just mentioned because that's literally a finnish word. I don't think the finnish language is that old and there are bunch of finno-ugric languages near Moscow than finnish that call it something closer to the city than the finnish words.
The city's name, originally Maynilad, is derived from that of the nilad plant, a flowering shrub adapted to marshy conditions, which once grew profusely along the banks of the river; the name was shortened first to Maynila and then to its present form.
BTW, The Word "Nilad" Has Its Etymological Roots In "Nīḷa/नीळ" (Sanskrit Term For Blue/Indigo)...
14:25 The word Singapore derives from Sanskrit "Singh Pura"- सिंह पुर- city of lions.
"Singh" in sanskrit means "lion" and is used as title in names like "Lily Singh"
A more logical theory is Singgah-pura which means stop over city since Singapore is directly in the middle of a busy maritime trade route.
"singa" in Malay literally means "lion"
@@user-tw2cu2yi3c I didn't know that. In hindi, we use the persian word शेर(sher)for lion. Its ironical since hindi ought to be closer to sanskrit but it isn't, haha
@@Aman-qr6wi ever heard of word " सिंह " it is also an Hindi word but used mostly in formal literature. But yes शेर is commonly used for for lion in day to day life
@@Aman-qr6wi lol hindi is not close to Persian , I don't know why indian students blame indian education system when themselves they are fools , even though I too don't have hindi as a subject in high school still I know that hindi which we now speak is mix of urdu ,hindi ,English ,and native , . didn't u ever read singh word in hindi ,I have come across that many times
Great video! I think it would be nice to see a video explaining the origin names of lakes cause it seems cool
I would like to see a video explaining the origin names of deserts because it seems hot.
cool video 👍
I know how Malé was named
so apparently, the island was used for fishery so there was like a lot of blood in the waters around Malé from the fisherman cleaning the fish at the shores. the name Malé comes from "Maa ley gandeh" meaning big pool of blood or something like that (I am 100% maldivian and I am suffering to explain this) ahem so "maa" is from the sanskrit word "maha" meaning big and "lé" is the dhivehi (maldivian language) word for blood so our capitals name means.....
big pool of blood......
Big pool of blood!! Interesting
15:57 Hey, maybe add this theory too
Kok (กอก) means olive
Due to a long time ago where this place is the place that have a lot of olives so we called it Bangkok (บางกอก)
(Also we called it Krungthep nowadays)(Krung means Capital, thep means god I guess)
Did a quick google search, there are a lot of theories regarding what Bang Kok means. One of the theories is that Bang Kok comes from Bang ko (บางเกาะ) as stated in the video.
@Hairizal Dahrin i use google translate to translate มะกอก to english and the result is olive, go blame google or smth idk
@Hairizal Dahrin quote "or this area has a lot of olive in the region" yeah you want a source?
@Hairizal Dahrin update: yeah its a google translate error, it's actually a hog plum but we called it a thai olive so yeah
That's brilliant. Thanl you
Fun fact: even though the capital city of Kazakhstan was renamed to "Nur-Sultan", local people still call it Astana and try to use it everywhere possible
Wawaweewa
and now its back to being called astana (as it should, fuck nursultan)
Just a minor mistake in the Vietnam's capital section: it's Hà Nội, not Hà Nôi. "Nội" means inside while "Nôi" means a cradle.
The meaning of Asghabat is mind blowing to me. Imagine ,you have City of Love as your country's capital. Sound cool.
Yes it was someday a part of great Persian Empire. Just like Baghdad (Bagh: God in Persian Dad: given in Persian, Given by God)
@@orinocoplay1876 why it has such romantic name ? I'm curious about Asghabat
@@jsuisheureux1425 Turkmenistan is in some sense still the homeland of Parthians and Soghdians. Those groups never disappeared into the abyss, rather they mixed with the migrating Turkic tribes and formed the modern Turkmen.
@@gokhan2970 the word ishq is arabic
But the whole compound of "ishq abad" is persian
@@orinocoplay1876 bagh is bhagwan in india dad is dan means gift or donation charity
Good video. It would be nice to see identical video but with the other continent
There are already videos like this one for multiple continents.
You have the cutest voice! I learn so much from you!
Fun facts of Chinese historical capitals:
There were North, South, East, West and Center capitals in China. People used directions to distinguish them from previous ones. Usually, when a city gains or losts its capital status because of various reasons, its name is also changed. There may be several capitals simutaneously when China were divided and their names didn't always change immediately when China were unified. Nanjing (South Capital) is the only former capital that has kept its "capital" name.
For example: during the Song dynasty, Kaifeng was called Dongjing (East Capital, same Chinese characters as Tokyo), relative to the capital of former Tang dynasty's Luoyang. After Jin dynasty conquered the city from north, the city was renamed Nanjing (South Capital) by Jin dynasty. Then after the Yuan dynasty conquered the city again, this city was no longer called "capital".
Manila the Philippine capital is believed to be derived from the Tagalog word “may nilad” which means there’s nilad . The nilad plant, with scientific name Scyphiphora Hydrophyllacea, is a mangrove species that grew abundantly along Manila Bay and Pasig River during the early times.
That's actually debunked already. The _nilád_ plant, _Scyphiphora_ _hydrophyllacea_ , which are these flowering plants that grow near mangroves, used to be a theory on the etymology of "Maynila", but historical documents have shown that it was never spelt "Maynilad" with a "d". It has always been spelt as "Maynila", meaning a place where "nilá" grows. And linguistically, Tagalog speakers in the area never dropped the "d" on words that ended with a "d". Often times, it changes to an "r", or is the "d" is always kept. A variation of the word, _nilád_ , is _nilár_ , which is consistent to the language pronunciation.
The current accepted etymology is what is presented in the video, which is _Maynilá_ , which is named after the _nilá_ plant, where the flowers are used for indigo dye.
Manila is derived from plants that produce indigo dye… indigo in Indic languages is (Nila).
other source says that the name manila came from the phrase "fii amanillah" which means under Allah's guidance or something like that.
@@acepaloma3887 🙏💙
@@acepaloma3887 That is a possibility since Islam have already placed their presence there before the spainish came.
Hi General,
I couldn't find a video in your channel but if there's one - please accept my apologies and let me know where it is - but can you do a video of countries who have extremely similar flags - like Bahrain and Qatar, Monaco and Indonesia (you can throw Poland in here as well, if you'd like), etc.? I think it's a good idea, also if you can find some info on why such flags are so similar to each other.
Thank you in advance!
So esq means love in Persian? That's crazy cause in Norwegian "elsker" means to love. The Indo-European family does some crazy things.
Yes, but its actually pronounced like eshgh (gh makes an ‚R’ sound in the back of your throat, kinda like the German ‚R’) and has Arabic roots. They only sound similar or related in this video because it was pronounced wrong.
Better word for love in persian is "Mehr"
The IE family does indeed fascinate us where we don't expect it to, but in this case, The similarity is just a coincidence.
It's a loanword from arabic. "Ishq" means love in arabic
4:10 Zhabs-drung Ngag-dbang Rnam-rgyal conquered Bhutan in 1641 and built a castle named "Thimphu", thus the origin of their capital city.
Hello, a Maldivian here.
Our capital Malé was a fishing village, and named “Athamana Huraa”. I’m not sure what that means.
Historical accounts say there were so much activities of fishing such as gutting and filleting tuna in the island, that the turn beaches and sea turn red with the blood.
It is said that fishermen will glance at the pool of blood on the beach and ocean, and say it is a “Maa Ley gandeh”
Maa (derived from the Sanskrit word Maha) = Big
Lē gandeh = pool of blood (Lē = blood)
Therefore, Maa Lē. Malé.
Also it is interesting to note that Malé, capital of Maldives, is one of the oldest capital cities of the world that have been a continuously inhabited and ruled from.
A Sinhalese prince named Koimalaa was stranded in a Maldives’ island called Rasgetheemu (Ras = King, ge = ‘s, theemu = island. Very straightforward name that means “The King’s Island). Koimala became the king, and established his rule from the island of Rasgetheemu. After a while, he moved his rule from Rasgetheemu island to Malé, the current capital.
The Maldives embraced Islam in AD 1153. Malé was the center of political power where the King (later embraced Islam and became the Sultan) ruled from. The monarchy existed until 1953. The monarchy was abolished, and a brief republic appeared (again ruled from Malé), and the monarchy was restored again from 1954 until 1968. The second (and currently effective) republic of Maldives was established in 1968.
Thanks. Very interesting. And good luck to you and your country. Is it correct that many of your islands are in grave danger because of global warming causing the sea to rise?
Good work with the research and the editing!
Maybe this has been corrected before but for Viang Chan - the 'Chan' comes from 'Chandana' which is a Kannada word and not Sanskrit Kandana word like you mentioned for Sandalwood.
Fun additional fact - Sandalwood is a prized aromatic wood, one of the most expensive in the world and the Indian state of Karnataka ( capital - Bangalore ) produces the most Sandalwood. Because of its rarity , smuggling and overfelling of Sandawood is a big problem In India. Hence, all Sandalwood is Government property in India even if it's growing in your backyard!
Chandana is originally derived from Sanskrit and later used in Kannada as well
Even in sanskrit,Hindi sandalwood is called as Chandana/Chandan.
Male (Maldives) seems to be derived from Malay mounts, acc to Hindu mythology which were southernmost mount of India. Manu's boat is said to have landed here after great flood (yes, very similar story to Noah and his arc)
10:42 The name Kuala Lumpur is also associated with the estuary which is filled with mud due to tin mining activities in the Gombok and Klang rivers.
6:11 New delhi means "New city" or "New world" with "Delhi" being from the turkic word "Dlkhīmi"
No, its not a turkish word.
@@Aman-qr6wi there's a difference between *Turkic* and *Turkish*
@@tunistick8044 I love your hat
@@Aman-qr6wi thank ya 🙃
Delhi comes from King Dhilu. But honestly, there are no set sources as to how the name Delhi came to be. The turkic word theory I have never heard of. I took Indian History in college.
'Ankara' actually is of Hittite origin
Oh! What does it mean?
@@General.Knowledge Amkuwa in the Kaniş Karum documents of the period 2000-1800 BC and Ankuwa / Ankuwaş in the Hittite sources in the imperial period, Its unknown how the name of this city, which is one of the most important settlements of the Bronze Age, is transferred to Ankara. In ancient times there are at least four Ánkyras in Anatolia and the Balkans. The meaning and source of the word is not clear.
Ankara in Armenian means stone less
@@joejacob5111Rəvan is the Turkic and Persian name .
The word irevan is also derived from this word.
@@turanist_turkoman are yo dmb?🤦🏻♂️
Yerevan exist since 800BC and means in Armenian,,Fortified city“!🤦🏻♂️
The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BCE, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni in 782 BCE by King Argishti I at the western extreme of the Ararat plain.[24] Erebuni was "designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital."[25] By the late ancient Armenian Kingdom, new capital cities were established and Yerevan declined in importance. Under Iranian and Russian rule, it was the center of the Erivan Khanate from 1736 to 1828 and the Erivan Governorate from 1850 to 1917, respectively. After World War I, Yerevan became the capital of the First Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire arrived in the area.[26] The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century as Armenia became part of the Soviet Union. In a few decades, Yerevan was transformed from a provincial town within the Russian Empire to Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, as well as becoming the seat of national government.
14:25 That too is a Sanskrut name. Many Sanskrut loanwords exist in Malay language.
Seorabeol (서라벌) is pronounced as "sôrabôl" / or just sorabol 14:49
The origin of the name 서라벌(Seorabeol) has some conjections, but the most accepted one is "설 + 벌". 설 means "서다(to stand)", "솟다(to rise)", and 벌 means 벌판(field), 도시(city). If the ancient Korean, especially Silla people, was using 서울 as the conjection, 서라벌, now 서울 means "high field".
I see. So, is it true that Seoul are based on "Seorabeol" ?
@@kivarshan5011 It's almost true. In Baekje, Seoul also has been transcribed in Hanja(Chinese characters used in Korea), "Soburi". So, even though the actual origin of the meaning is ambiguous, It seems clear that the word Seoul has originated from the words like "Seoraboel ".
@@kivarshan5011 The above theory is the most common, but there are other theories. The second theory is that it originated from the Goguryeo word "Su-eul(수을)", meaning warehouse in ancient times, which symbolized the palace, and the third is the folk theory of modern Seoul people, which seems to be surrounded by a "Snow Fence(설울, Seol-wool)" when viewed from the top of the mountain.
Remembered that Seoul used to be called 汉/漢城 in Chinese (& probably Hanja also)(but now transliterated into 首尔) which literally means "Han city", probably in reference to the Han river flowing thru it
@@lzh4950 You should remind the name 한성 is used in Josoen dynasty. What I and people talked about is where the name "서울" is orginated from and what it actually means, not the names of the location around Han river.
Fun fact! Before becoming capital city, Astana was named Tselinograd - Russian for "city of tselina (virgin fertile chernozem soils)".
And even before that, it was called Aqmola - Kazakh for "white grave," seeing as how it was just desolate plains.
Im from Maldives and our city was named like that cuz long ago when giraavaru people (first settlers of maldives) they catched fish and came to the sand bank now known as the capital to cut the fish which covered the sand bank with huge fish blood and in dhivehi (maldives language) huge means “maa” and blood means “ley” so basically the capital is named huge blood “Malé”
4:33
You missed what Bandar means;
Bandar means “Port” in Persian
Actually bandara means port in Sanskrit as well.
@@user-io7sh7nx7c Well,I mean Persian and Sanskrit are both ancient,from the same family root and very similar.
In Malay Bandar means "Town/City"
Since the people there speak Malay, instead of Persian, I'm pretty sure it derives from Malay language, which means more like "city" or "town". So not Persian. There are other languanges with similar words you know.
Bandar in Malay means City
Jakarta used to be called Batavia during the Dutch colonial time, after an ancestor to the Dutch people. Which makes it funny because now “Batavian/Betawi” is used to refer to people from Jakarta instead of the original one from the Netherlands.
Ga usah di inget2 itu penjajahan bikin malu aja, yg hebat itu kek kalimantan belanda sulit masuk kesana
@@f4u21ramon8 jadi apa mesti dirubah istilah “Betawi” yg dari “Batavia”, kenapa masih dipake sampe skrg
@@RadenWA
Sebelum batavia nama jakarta adalah sunda kelapa, belanda juga ambil nama batavia dari "kelapa"
@@f4u21ramon8 setahu saya pas Belanda datang namanya sudah Jayakarta, btw gimana ya dari Kelapa bisa jadi Batavia?
Gini dah guys, yg pertama itu sunda kelapa-jayakarta-batavia-djakarta raya-jakarta-Dki jakarta raya(sekarang)
Can you pls do Countries with old currencies to present currencies? But Thx!
A great idea! I'll add it to my list :)
4:58 more explanation here. The word "chaktomuk" actually mean 4 faces. Chato=4 and muk=face. I don’t think it refers to brahma because we have the actual name for him. And it’s called chaktomuk because there’s a river in front of the royal palace which is where the 4 different rivers meet. You can search royal palace and see it yourself.
Well I'm from Sri Lanka 🇱🇰, and I was dying of laughing when you said "I'm not gonna even pronounce the word"
Actually Sri Lanka has 2 official capitals
Administrative Capital = Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Commercial Capital = Colombo
As you mentioned the meaning of the capital was "The Resplendent City Of Growing Victory" is perfect. Actually there was a kingdom called "The Kotte Kingdom" and under the rule of the King Parakramabahu the 6th, it conquered all of Sri Lanka and some foreign areas too. This incident maybe influenced to give the city name "Kotte" a honor name which is "The Resplendent City Of"
The other capital, The commercial Capital is named Colombo which i reckon came from what we call the city in the local language "Kolamba" actually to me this looks like 2 looped up words.. which are Kola(Green) and Amba(Mango). So it mean "Green Mango" which is wired 😂, and during the colonial era the city was named "KolomThota" which is can mean Kola(Green) and Thota(Harbor), so "The Green Harbor" which kinda make sense, in old literature, the word "Amba" also ment "Water" so maybe "The Green Water Harbor" make sense?
Well said...
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Indonesian capital name is true,the story is came when the general of demak sultanate,Fatahillah conquered this city from dutch company(VOC), which gives this city name Batavia,then Fatahillah change this name to Jaya Karta which this word is somewhat inspired from verse in quran chapter Al-Fath in verse 1 the meaning is the true victory,and this name is immortalized by our nation because its represent our victory again the colonizer
😒😌
Jayakarta it comes from Sanskrit, wdym? Abdullah...
Jakarta" which comes from the word “Jayakarta” means "victory achieved" based on the first meaning in Sanskrit.
@@ayusuatika3688
"inspired" by Quran and using Sanskrit language.
in the Qur'an it's Al Fath (victorious). and the term victorious then use Sanskrit, Jaya.
@@ayusuatika3688 read what he wrote again...
@@wellplayed4497 isn't real
@@ayusuatika3688 yo mama isn't real
Nice
15:52 Bangkok? You mean 'Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Ayuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Piman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit'??
thank you for adding Hong Kong, but actually, we didn't really have an idea of the capital in our city.
Thanks for this. Your videos are very interesting. Manila comes from the native phrase 'may' which means 'there is' and 'Nilad' a local name for Yamstick Mangrove, a stalky rice-like plant with flowers of bright white and yellow that was said to be abundant in the ancient kingdom. May Nilad literally means "there is Nilad" or "where Yamstick Mangrove is found. :)
i just noticed, many of town or city names here in the Philippines are named after plants or trees, usually very blatantly named after trees such as Calumpit, Mabalacat, or Cabuyao
@@makotopark7741 except for naga in Camarines sur which means serpent in hinduism = half human half cobra or
Naga is a female polar bear dog that belongs to Avatar Korra as her animal companion and main form of transportation.[3] Despite her intimidating appearance, Korra describes Naga as a "sweetheart" and regards her as her best friend.[4] Undyingly loyal, she is protective of Korra and her friends and has learned how to use her strength to help them out of perilous situations.
@@ihateflies4251 others say it is the bikol term for narra. same as naga, cebu
@Three Seven Five-Five Maybe both theories are true as the National Museum of the Philippines acknowledges both. I'd go for the Nilad plant theory just because it grew abundantly by the delta of the Pasig river even before the pre-colonial times. As for the Nila or indigo plant, it was said to have been brought here in the country via the Galleon Trade. So maybe both theories are true. :)
@Three Seven Five-Five As I said, maybe both theories are true. I guess we will never really know. Thanks.
16:13 Maynila / May - nila means " Taga -Ilog " means
The city's name, originally Maynilad, is derived from that of the nilad plant, a flowering shrub adapted to marshy conditions, which once grew profusely along the banks of the river; the name was shortened first to Maynila and then to its present form.
thanks for adding maldives
Actually as a Hong Konger myself I seldom refer to our "capital city" Victoria as we usually refer to it as "中環" meaning "Central Region"
香港也分内环中环外环吗？上海是这样的
@@user-qn4uo8lz7v 你可以理解为：香港中环=上海陆家嘴
The Capital of Maldives Male' name is believed to br a joint of 2 words. "Ma" and "le". Ma means big , and le means blood. So its literally big blood. This name was given by some of the earliest settlers of maldives the "Giraavaru" people. These people goes to cut their fish in a nearby sand bank. And because of all fish blood the sea used to be in red colour. Later the sand bank was inhabitat and the name became "Male'"
Are you Shirvan from Caspian Report ?
Chaktomuk also literally refers to the 4 rivers where the royal palace located in front of it
It’s funny that Irevan was actually given to armenians on 29 may of 1918 (it was a part of Azerbaijan), so they could create a country and leave Turkey, and actually it has tukic name (Ravan), and now I hear that it’s named after a king
Uhm armenia is at least 3500 years old yerevan was always armenian land not azerbaijan land, pls read world history books instead of the propaganda they teach in azerbaijan, thank you🙏
@@lailah8040 land belongs to who conquers it. grow up.
@@ayblablabla Yes thats true! And Yerevan was always armenians as baku was always azerbaijans, and nagorno karabakh is no ones land
@@lailah8040 Karabağ was conquered by Azerbaijan. Armenia didnt followed the deal they had so Azerbaijan opposed and won it back.
@@ayblablabla Ok karabakh is azerbaijans but please dont claim yerevan as yours because it was not yours, never yours, always armenias. Yeah it was ruled under the russian and ottoman empires but it was always armenias. I respect azerbaijan and I think their history is beautiful but I find it unfair when some try to take away armenias history as well. Were neighbors anyways. Have a nice day🙏
Nobody:
*PERSIANS NAMING HALF OF ASIAN COUNTRIES AND THEIR CAPITALS*
Not really.
16:01 Maynila is also name of the fortefied polity at the same place (Tondo is a separate polity from Maynila at that time)
Hey general knowledge I would love if you were to make a video explaining country that are still around today that have lost a majority of there territory if you were to make that a video I would like for you to not include colony’s as a factor and I hope you make this a video and good luck on your next video also a amazing video
Tokyo in fact is a Chinese loan words. to of tokyo matching dong（东/東)means east,kyo of tokyo matching jing（京）means capital.
I mean, isn't many of Japanese (the ones which can be written with kanji/hanzi) and Korean words in a sense Chinese loan words?
Not loanwords in the spoken language but just the written language.
You can tell what’s the meaning of location names simply looking at its name written in Chinese characters (in NK SK Japan Vietnam)
On'yomi
Just the character, not the language.
You actually misspell the word "Hà Nội" as it means the land between rivera."Nội" means inside or in between but "nôi" is cradle. And yes Red river delta is the cradle of Vietnamese civillization. Great video though
You missed Cyprus.
Also, since you include intercontinental countries, Egypt has a part in Asia (Sinai Peninsula).
Kıbrıs bir asya ulkesi değil, akdeniz ülkesidir.
@@varolussalsanclar1163 Burada ayrım kıtalara göre yapılmış ve Kıbrıs da bütünüyle Asya kıtasında yer alan bir adadır. Akdeniz ise bir kıta değildir.
You forgot about Dushanbe's old name, Stalinabad (the city of Stalin)
Worth remembering
Horrific
Actually, hanoi’s meaning is “inside rivers” not “river inside”
Its the word order that's the issue; some Asian languages e.g. Vietnamese, Chinese put the adjective after the noun it is describing I think, instead of the other way round in English
15:58 Dr. Smith Malcolm, a royal physician Said in the book A Physician at the Court of Siam that the name Bangkok comes from the word Bang, the village of Nueng Kok, which is a type of wild fruit (Spondias pinnata) that is well known among Europeans. And that the Portuguese who came to Thailand in the 16th century gave birth to this word.
Bangkok was the name of canals and a small settlement near the customs before the current capital was built in 18th century. Bang means settlement near rivers or canals. Kok is a kind of local olive. There’re still a place called Bang Pakok, meaning the place near the water where we can found olives.
Today’s Bangkok’s full name is as follows: “ Krung thep mahanakhon amon rattanakosin mahinthara ayuthaya mahadilok phop noppharat ratchathani burirom udomratchaniwet mahasathan amon piman awatan sathit sakkathattiya witsanukam prasit"
If you read these names very carefully you'll notice they are very similar to the words they use in India which are originally derived from Sanskrit as example"mahinthara" is actually"Mahindra" and "ayuthaya" is "Ayodhya" while "ratchathani" is "Rajasthani" and "mahasathan" is "Mahasthan" and "witsanukam prasit" is "Vishnukam prashit"
South Korea naming their capital city "capital city" after seeing their eastern neighbor naming theirs "east capital"
"I see this as an absolute win!"
Japan old capital is kyoto and Kyoto (京都) mean capital
I searched for a bit about Thimphu, and it might mean " a pepper grown in mountain", it's from a Facebook post, so unreliable, but it was by someone from Bhutan, so there's a chance it's correct.
That would be really cool!
Can’t wait to see you do this with other continents such as Europe or North America
Actually it's Hà Nội, you miss the dot below. Thank you so much for this work, it's amazing
Fun fact: Manila in Filipino/Tagalog is Maynila.