Warburg effect/Aerobic Glycolysis in Cancer Cells

In this video I have explained in brief about what is Warburg effect. I have also touched upon some of the hypothesis that explains why Warburg effect is seen in cancer cells. In oncology, the Warburg effect refers to the observation that even in aerobic conditions, cancer cells tend to favor metabolism via glycolysis rather than the much more efficient oxidative phosphorylation pathway which is the preference of most other cells of the body. In tumor cells, the last product of glycolysis, pyruvate, is converted into lactate. The Warburg effect may simply be a consequence of damage to the mitochondria in cancer, or an adaptation to low-oxygen environments within tumors, or a result of cancer genes shutting down the mitochondria, which are involved in the cell's apoptosis program that kills cancer cells. It may also be an effect associated with cell proliferation. Since glycolysis provides most of the building blocks required for cell proliferation, cancer cells (and normal proliferating cells) have been proposed to need to activate glycolysis, despite the presence of oxygen, to proliferate. Evidence attributes some of the high anaerobic glycolytic rates to an over expressed form of mitochondrially bound hexokinase responsible for driving the high glycolytic activity. In kidney cancer, this effect could be due to the presence of mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene upregulating glycolytic enzymes, including the M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase. TP53 mutation hits energy metabolism and increases glycolysis in breast cancer.
The Warburg effect is associated with glucose uptake and utilization, as this ties into how mitochondrial activity is regulated. The concern lies less in mitochondrial damage and more in the change in activity. On the other hand, tumor cells exhibit increased rates of glycolysis which can be explained with mitochondrial damage.
In March 2008, Lewis C. Cantley and colleagues announced that the tumor M2-PK, a form of the pyruvate kinase enzyme, gives rise to the Warburg effect. Tumor M2-PK is produced in all rapidly dividing cells and is responsible for enabling cancer cells to consume glucose at an accelerated rate; on forcing the cells to switch to pyruvate kinase's alternative form by inhibiting the production of tumor M2-PK, their growth was curbed. The researchers acknowledged the fact that the exact chemistry of glucose metabolism was likely to vary across different forms of cancer; however, PKM2 was identified in all of the cancer cells they had tested. This enzyme form is not usually found in healthy tissue, though it is apparently necessary when cells need to multiply quickly, e.g., in healing wounds or hematopoiesis.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warburg...)
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[@harshit155]

Thank you Sir. I don't know what others are teaching, you made it absolutely clear.

[@user-up3vj9kt3f]

You are best dr for medical biochemistry ,thanks you so much

[@chibaby0306]

Absolutely brilliant!!! I love your intro Dr. Mungli! Thank you sir

[@DrMungli]

+lovelychi : Thank you so much.

[@Justin.Martyr]

*BUT SAY SOMETHING!!!!!*

[@mehatabfathima4248]

Very good explanation Doctor
Thank you so much

[@charmsurprise]

Thank you very much for spending the time to do this, your presentation was very informative.

[@DrMungli]

Thank you for the feedback. Appreciated ☺️

[@oggyoogy3028]

Thank you for your wonderfull work an informing the world share an shared

[@talkswithDrshah]

Sir thank you so much.

[@ssilva5663]

What is your opinion on Dr. Seyfrieds study on cancer as a metabolic mitochondrial disease as opposed to a genetic disease. ?

[@archonsouthpaw8690]

preciate ya stay blessed

[@kunanaik1665]

Thank you sir

[@niharakagundu9914]

Tq sir for ur reply
Then what is the difference in between normal and cancer cell with respect to Krebs cycle

[@AravindKumar-dw9ez]

Superb Lecture...Just loved It....God Bless U Sir...❤

[@DrMungli]

You are most welcome. I'm gland this video has helped you.

[@lifeisstruggle1459]

sir Peless tel me?? warbug wabe side ki thik hoga na bod hoga

[@dhivyabharathi2498]

So if we stop feeding cancer cells with sugar it will die is it ??? Processed sugar or any kind of sugar ??

[@SandhyaRamachandran]

good one Dr Mungli. Oxid phophorylation ..36 ATP, Glycolysis...2 ATP. How many ATP in Warburg please?

[@drjavaidiqbalmir767]

Nice one sir, please give us information about some techniques of biochemistry..thanks

[@DrVisp]

So informative and helpful sir.....thanks a lot...

[@DrMungli]

You are most welcome

[@mrplyman]

very nicely described

[@DrMungli]

Thank you 🙏

[@mimivictoria8712]

hi sir, thanks for helping me nail my biochemistry uni exam. you explain things so well!! looking forward to watching more

[@vaishnaviramakrishna265]

Thanks a lot sir!! That was sufficient info..

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i guess I am kind of randomly asking but do anybody know a good site to watch new series online ?

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@Drew Preston Try flixzone. You can find it by googling =)

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@Yosef Hezekiah yea, been using Flixzone for since march myself :)

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[@yosefhezekiah4818]

@Drew Preston no problem :D

[@abhaykumar-tf6gy]

Sir, cancer cells derive energy frm glycolysis due to overactivity of which enzyme& y?

[@DrMungli]

I would say all glycolytic enzymes.

[@faylouise8169]

thank you

[@DrMungli]

You're welcome

[@kaushikbhagat8272]

Sir, please upload a video on protein separation techniques, genetics.

[@DrMungli]

okay i will try.

[@kaushikbhagat8272]

Dr.Mungli sir,
Thanks a lot...

[@niharakagundu9914]

Sir could u please provide any articles related to metabolic differences in normal and cancer cells

[@DrMungli]

You can search for them in PubMed review articles

[@niharakagundu9914]

Sir I would like to know do cancerous cell undergo Krebs cycle

[@DrMungli]

Yes they do but the percentage of pyruvate diverted into acetyl CoA as compared to lactate is less

[@niharakagundu9914]

Tq sir for ur reply
Then what is the difference in between normal and cancer cell with respect to Krebs cycle

[@DrMungli]

@@niharakagundu9914 it is the percentage of pyruvate that is converted into acetyl CoA.. it is higher in normal cells

[@sharviniswaminathan4670]

Warburg hypothesis and Warburg effect both are same?

[@siddharthagautam9986]

Yes

[@abhisheksingh-zi4jr]

kindly upload video related to techniques

[@DrMungli]

Though I currently do not teach biochemistry techniques but I will try to make some when I get time.

[@ASHTUTORIAL]

👌👌👌👍👍

[@marvelousamadasun4232]

Pls be using subtitles it’s hard to make out what you’re saying sometimes

[@pratyushaush1433]

Sir..what is reverse warburg effect??

[@DrMungli]

It is a separate topic by itself. I will make a video on 'Reverse Warburg Effect", please keep the notification ON for my channel. Soon you will get notified when I post "Reverse Warburg Effect" video.

[@drakhileshpaladavya-thefas1602]

NEET PG 2022 question

[@63nehasharma59]

Thanks sir