Grammar: Mixing conditionals - BBC English Masterclass
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- Опубліковано 2 жов 2024
- Improve your English grammar with the BBC. You know how to use the first, second and third conditionals - but do you know how to mix them? Dan has a grammar lesson to show you how.
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Transcript:
Dan
Hi guys. Dan from BBC Learning English here. In this session we'll be looking at mixed conditionals. Now, I know that clever students like yourselves will know that English has three types of conditional sentences. First conditional is to talk about real, present or future situations, second conditional is to talk about hypothetical present or future situations and third conditional is to talk about hypothetical past situations. All three types of conditional are fantastic and all three types of conditional talk about events within their own time frame - present, future and past. But what about if you want to talk about an event that happened in the past - which affects the future? Can events in the present or the future affect the past?
Come over here and let's take a look. Here is a third conditional sentence:
If I had taken programming at school, I would have got a job at Google years ago.
Here we have a past hypothetical with a past consequence. Notice the formula: 'If' plus the past perfect here, 'would' plus have plus the past participle here. Now watch what happens as we change the consequence.
If I had taken programming at school, I would be working for Google.
Now we have a past hypothetical with a present consequence. This part here is from a second conditional. Its formula is 'would' plus the bare infinitive. This kind of makes sense in that decisions or actions in the past affect the present. But can we do the future? Well, let's have a look.
If I had taken programming at school, I would be attending the Google conference next week.
Yes we can. As you can see, the only difference between the present and the future is the time expression. The formula is exactly the same: 'would' plus the infinitive. Second conditional. Did you get it? Now let's see what happens if we try to make the second - which is the present - affect the past, which is a third.
If I were smarter, I would have invented something clever when I was younger.
It can. Now we have a present theory with a past result. This can be a little difficult to understand, until we realise that 'if I were smarter' is the same as saying 'I am not smart' - which is present simple. And remember that we use present simple for long term truth. When I say 'I am not smart', I mean: I am not smart now, in the future and in the past. It's the same as saying 'I am English' - past, present and future. So, this kind of conditional works very well with personal descriptions. And here are a couple of other examples.
If he were taller, he would have become a basketball player.
If they were in love, they would have got married 10 years ago.
If I were less interesting, I wouldn't have been asked to speak in public so many times.
Did you get it? Good. Let's try one more. Present to past. But a little bit more specific this time.
If I weren't flying on holiday next week, I would have accepted that new project at work.
Here we have a present second, although it's actually future, with a past third result. This means that the person couldn't accept the project at work because they knew that they would be flying in the future. OK guys, did you get it? Mixing conditionals isn't difficult to do, as long as you both have confidence and an understanding of the verb forms. It's much easier to do a third to second than it is to do a second to third, but both are possible. And finally, don't forget the importance of time words. OK? Alright.
Now, for more information have a look at bbclearningenglish.com. I've been Dan, you've been great. Have fun guys, see you next time.
#grammar #conditionals #learnenglish
If you're still unsure about mixing conditionals, Georgina is here to explain in just one minute! ua-cam.com/video/K74ym19xdYE/v-deo.html
“Clever students like you” I think this is most sarcastic line he says in every video of his 😸
You'll never cease to impress me explaining the hardest rules in the easiest professional manner. Dan, you're truly missed!
If I hadn't made a decision to study English six years ago, it wouldn't be possible to watch videos like this and understand everything.
Very clear explanation. ❤❤❤❤❤
There're actually 4 types of conditionals.... 0, 1, 2 & 3. But except that small mistake, your video is just brilliant. Helped me a lot in preparing a class :-) Thank you!
Actually, that depends on who you ask. Some consider the zero conditional, as a subtype of the first conditional, but other consider it as a separate conditional.
Consider this:
If you sit out in the sun, you get burnt.
If you sit out in the sun, you will get burnt.
@@aussie-english-learning I didn't know that
The best explanation I've heard on the net. Great work Dan.
Thank you. It helped a lot
it's very clear explanation!thanks )
The most important tip that needs to be considered is that languages were spoken before the rules were set. So, if it hadn't been for the spoken patterns that people used in their conversations, rules wouldn't have existed.
how.come?
That "would have GOT" thing is driving me nuts… I was told that the past participle is "GOTTEN", I no longer trust my knowledge. *runs off into the night
Third form of "get" could be "gotten" (American English) and "got" (British English)
Yeah, girl, please don't run off. You can do both. I use "gotten" all the time :-)
In America it's gotten, the British still use got
3:10 - If they were in love ,they would have got married 10 years ago ( It means they are not in love in present) BUT what if now they are in love can we say - if they had been in love they would have got married 10 years ago?
"If they had been in love they would have got married 10 years ago.": Yes, I too find this topic of conditionals a bit tricky and confusing too at times. It's not because these few frequently mentioned cases are anyway overwhelming and complicated, but because the complete set of possibilities seems to be much larger in my opinion too. It baffles me too whether all other (seemingly valid) cases are invalid or grammatically incorrect , just like the case you've highlighted above too ....
"If they had been in love they would have got married 10 years ago.": They are currently in love, but they were not so in the past ....
Similarly he mentioned only the following at 1:24-2:02.
"If I had taken programming at school, I would be working for Google."
But what about the following too ....
"If I had taken programming at school, I would have been working for Google." --- The result is in perfect continuous rather than in simple continuous tense ....
There're many more ....
Aren't these many other seemingly valid combinations too valid ? .... Are they grammatically incorrect ? ....
For me, what makes it easy that it is almost the same pattern as in my language, Arabic.
Thanks for such superb explanation Dan,
Regards,
Ahmad, ☺ 👍
Thanks Dan , your lecturing style is very wonderful.
If i had studied a little bit harder, i would be treating my patients in a hospital.
if i had finished my project on time, i would be flying to UK next month.
If he were clever, that company would have hired him five years ago.
If she weren't smart, she wouldn't have completed her degree.
If i weren't planning to quit this job next year, i would have accepted that project.
Superb explanation 👌
I was very confused about these sentences for a long time.
You have explained in a clear way.
I got the point
Thanks a million 🙏🙏🙏🙏
Why Michael Scofield stopped breaking of jails and begin teaching English. Thank you Dan
You and Tim are my favorite teachers
The part i love most is 'I've been dan, You've been great'. Love Dan
If I knew English like Dan, I wouldn't have had to watch this video, 'cause I would have already mastered the use of conditionals 😉 hope this makes sense!
Now I got my thinking all through. Thanks! If i were able to run i would be able to leave at any time.
You are great sir. Thank you
What I learnt from this video:
- adjective: Hypothetical
Thank you Dan. You are a good teacher.
What a great way to help my students understand the mixed !! conditionals. Thanks
"I've been Dan, you've been great"
I loved that! >w
How to formulate present perfect sentences to conditional sentences? For example....
Situation one ...
(1)I have just eaten so, I can't go out with you for dinner....how to formulate this present perfect sentense(I have just eaten)
If I did not eat, I would go out with you for dinner. Or
If I had not eaten, I would go out with you for dinner.
Any teacher has never discribed about how to convert conditional from present perfect....they always discuss about past situation but what about recent past which has connection with present....can we use second conditional or we have to use past perfect in those types of situations....please guide about recent past which has connection with present.....second situation
(2)He has killed his wife so police will arrest him.
If he did not kill(or had not killed)his wife, police would not arrest him.
Situation three...
(3)He has killed his wife so Police has arrested him.
If did not kill( or had not killed) his wife, Police would not have arrested him.
As every one says Second conditional is used for 'present' and 'future'.....dose the 'present' mean 'present simple' or' present perfect'?
Third conditional used for past tense.does it mean 'past simple' and 'resent past(present perfect)?...
Please guide me I am very eager to know your answer..
This is crazy: I´m teaching English with Cambridge´s Complete First, and they have added another conditional to the original list of 3: The zero conditional:
"We use a zero conditional to express:
things which are always or generally true:
If the teacher is late, it sets a bad example to the class.
People tend to get annoyed if/when you shout at them.
scientific facts:
When/If water boils, it evaporates."
Is the zero conditional widely recognized by English institutions as a separate conditional structure and meaning?
The 4 th conditional and the mixed conditional are not the same. The 4 th conditonal depends upon the base possiblity of happening in the present time Or future time. The probablity 50 %. So neither real nor hypothetical. Such as, If he come, you should give some money. This is not mixed conditional but must be Oscillating Conditional or the 4th conditional.
Can someone explain me this sentence: “If the flight left on time, they will be in Moscow by now“??
He is saying that if the airplane has left on time, the persons will be in Moscow right now
it's first conditional
I think it's not correct.
I think correct sentece with similar meaning: "If the flight had left on time, they would be here by now".
If the flight has left, so it is an event in the past, so we need to use "had left". But we duscusse the possible result in present. So we need use "would be". So its mixed the third + the second second.
Hello Den, Congratulations 🏆 your this 7 years old video is still best among all
The 4 th conditional: example-If he come today, you should pay some money. But the mixed conditional is quite different matter, both clauses are in distinct time etc.
Despite the immaculate explanation on your end, I am still struggling to grasp the concept of mixed conditionals throughout exercises because my brain is hard wired with the four basic ones and it's almost as if it autocompletes the sentences unattendedly. Teaching this is an intrinsic headache inducer in and of itself.
can we say, "what would you have done if you inherited a large amount of money?'' instead of using the second or third conditionals? I know that the condition is in the present and therefore cannot have a result in the past. However, I think the condition is hypothetical and therefore cannot have bearing on the past.
Very clear explanation. Thank you.
I wonder what's the different between third and mixed conditional.The principle are totally the same!!How we can use this two condition in the content,or while we are using is there some difference
Hi, is this correct?
If I learned well, i would be there with you.
If I had learnt/learned well, I would be there with you.
Had I learnt/learned well, I would be there with you.
❤
I wanted to like your video the realized that I've done it before. So
Like a thousand time👍 and thank you🙏
If I studied harder back in first year, I would have got better grades back then.
Wow, you're the best! I finally understand what mixed conditionals are about.
Thank you so much!!
Happy to help! 🥰
i have some questions. this sentence :if i hadn't ALREADY had plans for next weekend i would have accepted your proposal to go to a mountain resort. - is it correct?
- does already require had +v3 or is it possible to formulate: if i didn't already have plans for next weekend i would have accepted your proposal to go to a mountain resort ?
- or shouldi just skip the "already" and keep a simple mixed conditional sentence: if i didn't have plans for next weekend i would have accepted your proposal to go to a mountain resort?
Hi Roxana Manda! What a tricky question!
I would say that you could say all three of those formulations! But the first one would sound better with the verb 'make' instead:
If I hadn't already made plans for next weekend, I would have accepted your proposal to go to a mountain resort.
So neither real nor hypothetical. It is Oscillating conditional or the 4th conditional.
This one is a little bit trickier than what I expected. I still need to work on those conditionals.
My son watched this video without subtitles and he understood everything.
so did I
The condizionale sentences are 4. It exists "0 condizional" too....
The best way ever to explain this rule. Thanks Dan!
PL. give some examples of th MIX Conditionals !!!
Dan is the man! Great lesson as always :)
I know that clever students like yourselves will know that...
Great teacher and super explanation!
If I watched this video, I would have succeeded in my English exam in high school 10 years ago.
🤣 Great example!
Shouldn't there be a 'had' before 'watched'?
He - telling that there`re 3 conditionals
Me - I even know that there`s a ZERO conditional
Finally, i understand it!
If the discount were still, I would have purchased certain clothes yesterday.
If I hadn't seen doctor naseer's blog, I wouldn't choose to pursue my postgraduate residency in the UK.
finaly, i got it
Thanks a lot
If I knew about this, I wouldn't have seen this video 😂
"Did you get it" in the present tense does not sound right to me.
Where is Dan? I havent seen him for a looooong time.
Thanks for sharing. It is very useful.
I try to be great. Thanks for excellent lesson.
The 4th type is "Zero Condition" which is used to talk about scientific and universal facts.
Ex: if you heat ice,it melts
if I weren't sitting my English exam next month, I'd have missed out this video and this channel
I wonder how often do you use that stuff in a daily basis.
If I had studied English hard when I was school, I wouldn't watch this clip today. Thank you Dan.
Super cool and interesting, can i use some pasrts of your video in my video. I would definetly make a link on yours?
Dan, people, I have a question.
Why teachers explain 3rd as past perfect and have plus past participle and not as past perfect and present perfect?
GOD, after this one and the other with "Conditionals in 90 min", i really got these things..thx a lot !!
the best explanation on the net i ve ever seen
Such a nice video, thank you so much
it is quite difficult for me to undersatand. but i won't give up learning english.
Impecável explicação ! - impeccable explanation
2:29 Wow, that rephrasing trick helped me a lot, thank you!
It's rather tricky indeed, but with hard work, we may get there!
Dan is the best grammar teacher ever!! thank you BBC learning English!!
The best explanation ever! Other sources are rubbish! Thanks Dan
Why don't you upload a video about future perfect i am so confused
Why say 'If I were smarter,...' ?🧐 According to my knowledge, 'was' instead of 'were' will make the sentence grammatically correct.
In real life, "if I was" and "if I were" are interchangeable. Maybe "were" is used in less realistic situations.
just a perfect explanation
If i had time machine, i'd like to meet Leonardo.
Is It correct? 🤔
Conditional is really difficult 😂😂🙂
Yes. That is correct! Well done! Why not test your understanding of conditionals by watching this episode of The Grammar Gameshow. Can you answer the questions before the contestants do? www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/tgg/unit-1/session-11
Gooood job .I got it completely. Thank you very much
Does he have heterochromia?
Impressed . Subscribed .
Dan is great
Nice teacher! Thanks for your explanation.
so clear examples helping to understand easily.
if she were taller she would have become a queen's beauty
If I had a car , I would have left since yesterday
Wonderful video. Finally I got it. Thank you
Dan u r the best !!!
👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊
It is so easy to understand conditionals sentences following Dan's explanations. Thanks a lot
Great video :-) This helped me a lot! Thanks
Had will have placed hahahahha -sheldon
👍REALLY GREAT
If he were taller...is it right ?
Yes. Of course the past of 'he is' is 'he was' but in British English in conditionals we can use was or were. For example, 'if I were rich...' or 'if I was rich...'
i can't undesterstand the last sentence very well
Thank you.
Complicated
The best ever lesson on Missed Conditionals