Entanglement, Black Holes, and Wormholes | An Informal Discussion with Brian Greene
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- Опубліковано 30 гру 2020
- In this year-end wrap up, Brian Greene discusses some of the major advances in science with a focus on breakthroughs in black hole physics and the key roles played by quantum entanglement and wormholes.
This program is part of the Big Ideas series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
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Thankyou Mr Greene for being one of the voices that helped lift me up through a very difficult time in my life.
Yes u blah blah way to much it’s disgusting
You have no idea how much your videos and documentaries mean to me. I am a pianist and a ballerina but I adore physics and math and the search for the truth of our collective “situation”. I appreciate all of the time and effort you put in for us. You are a light in a time of darkness. Thank you.
I feel exactly the same way. Well said.
Dear Brian, I have been a student of yours from a distance even before WSF. I wanted to say thank you to one of the world's greatest physicist and teacher. Thank you, Brian.
Life's tragedy is that we get old too soon and wise too late. Thanks again🌸🌼🌹 Happy New Year
That doesn't mean we cannot share that wisdom decisively with our youth to educate them at younger and more precise and accurate ways.
What would you consider an "anamoly" around 7:30?
U wuold think so im 50 an i know nothing
At least we aren't as bad as octopi. They get too old way too soon
And we suck at being happy
It's just sad that this video has a little bit over 130k views, and so many completely useless videos with, very often, offensive content have millions. We are such a primitive species. Thank you for sharing your time and knowledge, it is greatly appreciated.
I find this video with delight, my brain salivating at the prospect of the first science update of 2021 🤗
@Gordon Yusuf err... what?
Watching this makes me excited for when I'm going to redo science classes in the future 😂
I loved science so much I took regular summer classes after the new school year as well! Love seeing another enthusiast!
Gracias Brian, you were a great company this year, a big hug for you!
Happy New Year, Brian...I love your work...when I retire, I will be able to study more...Thankyou for what you do!
Wonderful ❤️❤️. It's so amazing that Brian can describe these extremely complex mathematical ideas as something that simple.
Thank you for the conversation. It was great, thank you and Happy New Year.
An open mind is a wonderful thing. Thank you for sharing. God bless.
Thank you for these great Q&As. I am perpetually confused by the animations and demonstrations of clocks slowing down towards a gravity well. But in your demo/ image - from what perspective are we seeing this happen, and in each of these animations do we always see them from this same perspective - the outside perspective? Please during these animations, at some point in the narration or explanation, can you state which observer perspective the image is 'drawn' from, that which we are seeing. If it isn't stated it appears ambiguous to me and therefore always unclear. thanks for reading
Happy New Year, Dr. Greene!
Absolutely beautiful presentation Prof Greene, thank-you.
Happy New year, all the best.
I love when concepts introduced in science videos require me to rewind more than twice to fully comprehend as opposed to much other science or physics content like the type found on netflix.
Brian, you are carrying the torch of Sagan by spreading science to the world with a sense of awe. I read your book The Elegant Universe long ago and it hooked me on physics.
Your humility in another video retrospectively about string theory and the unexpected modern application of it was so refreshing, especially because I was in the middle of reading Merchants of Doubt at the time.
Geology is my field of study, but I would have chosen physics If only my math were at a higher level. Anyone have suggestions for efficient methods for higher math acquisition for quite busy people?
Brian Greene is so cool. I remember watching this video when he streamed it live it's such a wonderful series. I want to go into geology and also need to lean math @victorialindstrom1522
Thank You for this beautiful time with You. One question arose. Since I will never see an object arriving in the black hole, can an observer somehow never see a black hole growi? So once I started observing a bh, it has a finite mass? Thx, have a good 2021
Happy New Year Sir! Thank you for all your posts!
Thanks
As always fantastic, Thanks!
Happy New year
Great program, thx! Leaving the personal political views out even better.
@@Gru39 Out of left field but Ok...
1:16:01, this two entangled blackholes are connected and making wormhole internally or externally?
The qe correlation is evidenced by hawking points though eons?
So the holo principle establishes the ledger for the wave function as it un colapses enroute to the singularity?
What is the latest scientific explanation regarding instant communication between pair of quantum entangled particles (March 7, 2021) ?
The idea of being able to understand the universe; in a quantum mechanical level; such a cool concept.
Brian @ 1:03:00 do you mean firewall like what is found at the edge of our solar system ?
Is black hole like a tunnel that u .can you can only enter through the bottom or the to?(tunnel)or is it more like a sphere that u can enter at at angle?help me please
Thank you, this was very interesting, I learned a lot
@Andrew Beaver ???
dude is a great presenter , made gravity, entropy, blackholes, all make perfect sense in like 10 minutes yo, I sub
Happy new years weeee
Happy New Year, Brian! One question I have and I don't know if it is directly related to this session. It is about Penrose's idea of recurring big bangs connected head-to-tail. Is it a true representation of his statement to say that each universe is born from a big crunch of another universe in the form of a big bang? If so, does it have any implication about black holes as 'ports' where 'space and matter' being transported into another 'parallel universe'? . . . . and is that not the only way out of the problem of singularity? Maybe our current universe is expanding due to a continuously smuggled 'space and matter' from 'other parallel universe'. Too much speculation, I know. ;-)
Very interesting 👌loads of informations. Thanks
thank you for your wisdom
HAPPY 2021 MR GREENE.
Two years after, but wow - I loved this discussion! Excellent explanation and visuals. I am finally getting a fat finger on this entanglement thing. ;)
Amazing stuff. I am not a scientist - but I AM fascinated! Thx, BG.
Happy new year 🎆
Can there be a Q&A about Hubble Tension from the perspective of String Theory?
Why wasting more precious brain time ? String Theory is a scientific (and cultural) death end !
@@parva777 If String Theory is a dead end, then the flaws in the perspective will be revealed if it cannot account for Hubble Tension. How would it be a waste of time to use Hubble Tension to rule out String Theory?
@@charliekirkham4336 Using Hubble is never a waste of time... Hubble show us the light of the cosmos, a little piece of reality, string String Theory is a pure brain and mental construction based on nothing else then... mental construction. Totally un useful except for developing mathematics. But it will go nowhere in term of physic... People who are still digging in this death end are like people having play in casinos, they have lost a lot... and continue to play in hope to win one day.... but they will not... they will go broke
Happy New Year
Thank u mr. Brian. I have heard about blackhole but never planck area.
Great Channel! Really enjoy a lot of the videos here. Seems to me there are essentially two kind of physicists: 1) the philosophical driven kind looking also for tangible interpretations and 2) the purely mathematical driven, "shut-up and calculate" kind ... and maybe also some which can be both and depending on the topic, collapse to one of them :)
Love listening to you and many of the other "thinkers" of the day! I've often found it interesting that in most discussions as to "why haven't we found life elsewhere in the universe", while the distances between earth, or our solar system, and the time necessary to reach other planets often come up as to reasons why it's so difficult, I rarely hear anyone talk about the fact that our window of ability to find them has been so short, and even if we were able to reach other planets within a reasonable period of time, our planet is over 4 billion years old...and a "life yielding" planet elsewhere may have produced life and seen it destroyed billions of years ago. And certainly other planets may have evolved interplanetary travel millions of years ago, and might have come here long before we were evolved enough to be interesting to them. This is all so fascinating.
Newton da Costa developed the concept "Paraconsistent logic" , which is enunciated as follows: "The statement A and the statement non A coexist " As an example from the physics realm he gave
the dualism of electron , particle/wave. I am a retired person from the sea where I worked as chief engineer, but since I was in high school I was fascinated by Albert Einstein , Isaac Newton, Niels Bohr, but in Naval Academy they did not teach us physics , at list I was taught mathematics enabling me to understand your explanations , Susskind's , Feynman's. I will watch all your videos . They are great. Thanks a lot .
The theory of everything that explains it all is right here. We just all need to talk and then provide proof and equations and new solutions solved for while we all raise our frequency towards joy. We get the speakers and life gurus together to unleash the tools and knowledge that help empower us and we change the conversation to finding the proof of our dream’s existence.
Thank you for adding substance to enjoy! TJ Morris
At about 33:00 Brian shows a video clip in which a smeared-out photon is dropped into a black hole and this causes the surface area of the black hole to increase by one unit of Planck area. In the video clip each unit of Planck area is shown as a squarish tile that's presumably slightly warped to fit the curvature of the sphere surface. What does the physics imply about the actual shape of a Planck unit of area? I think squarish tiles can't uniformly cover a sphere.
Brian Greene explains deep physics concepts in a way that the layman can understand. I will be looking for his explanations of other complex ideas.
It’s extremely oversimplified as well, so...
@@inxiti Rick n Morty fan huh?
Prof Greene, you are the best, period!
Question for Brian or anyone who knows definitively....Which illustration of the Universe is correct....The one with a Ball of light as big bang and 13.8^9 years expanding away from it? Or the one with the CMB wrapped like a ball around the universe within it? i always assumed WMAP alluded to the second option but i still see the first one used constantly..
Hey Brian..if u read this ..question..in a scientific materialist world view i believe that black holes as well in connection to quantum gavity do coincide together Now why isnt couinciounes brought table for missing links in relation to providing theory at plank level for the info prob???
What are you rambling on about? Talk about word salads, lol!
Happy New year sir
In spezial relativity space time is made up of 3 space dimensions and 1 time dimension as long as velosities are constant. So what if there is accelleration?
Could you work out general relativity by introducing more time like dimensions? (1 Dimension for velosity, 1 for accelleration, 1 derivative of accelleration, and so on to infinity)
very interesting topics to discuss indeed
Thanks for inviting us into your house and your mind.
I like his snow house videos
The Two I like listening to very Much in Physics, Brian Green & Leonard Susskind. Your contributions are immense help for the Minds of the American Lay Citizen Leaping Forward.
Re Quantization of Spacetime: Light is already quantized and momentum is subject to the uncertainty principle so wouldn't quantizing spacetime be redundant?
@18 minutes the sci-fi cell text tone going off is everything. I thought it was mine going off in the other room. Ppl in general r annoyed by that tone. It’s great to know I have some things in common with THE Brian Greene like we r both being fans of vegan eateries in NYC
I don’t understand how you “cut the quantum entanglement” and get energy (of spring or oscillator). You operate with it quite often. I would naively say that you break the entanglement by something so simple as measuring one or another. Does it mean that a wormhole interpreted as the entanglement of two horizons/holograms disappears once you look at it? I actually don’t understand the basic concept of entanglement containing energy. Do I gain extra energy every time I measure the spin of one of the electrons in the pair?
It's a neat idea that the smoothness of spacetime arises from entangled particles at a distance. Regarding this notion that there should be a 'thread' between particles ripped apart at the event horizon of a black hole.. I'm unclear now. I thought that spooky action at a distance is an effect that arises as the universe balances itself through cause and effect to make certain that at all points in time, there are an equal number of up-spins and down-spins. Are threads needed in this case or can we just imagine a sea of complex causes and effects producing the observation of entanglement?
So great your back. Thanks for keeping up these amazing shows. I am an avid follower
Could it be said about a pair of entangled particles, that they are sharing a duality of information? But the information is one 'packet' of information?
Yes - your ‘packet’ is called a “state vector”. Leonard Sussknd often says, “You know everything you can know about both spins (that they are perfectly anti correlated) but don’t know anything about just one of the spins on its own.”
Truly inspiring work from Brian Greene, expanded my interests in life and perspective in general.
@@lordfnord5768 you mean he preaches his own narrative and tries to manipulate? that's not what I've gathered, other than the universal gratitude thing I suppose. This man founded the world science festival, he's obviously got good motives, sounds like you just found a hiccup. If you think he has ulterior motives, please enlighten me!
Sir I could not advance in science..... But I would definitely want my son to have a professor like u....... I m from India and was wondering how to meet u live.... Plz guide me if u don't hv any problem
happy happpy b. greene and family
So if there are many, varied sized black holes, and each draws matter towards it, is it possible that the perceived expansion of our Universe is the pull of a yet undiscovered more powerful black hole at the center of another Universe?
Small galaxy black holes have merged within our Universe. Could two black holes of two Universes merge? Creating appearances of expansion?
Could the unequal power of black holes of two universes help explain the Elliptical oddities of orbits?
Are the Stargates on earth or" Portals" related to the changing magnetic fields on earth today?
Changing magnetic fields you say ??
You didn't close that loop, a previously arranged set of codes, indicated by several sets of entangled particles. You could have a warning code for potential meteor impacts on Alpha Centauri 4 years before the impact would occur giving ample time to alter it's trajectory. The transportation of the initial entangled particles would need to be accomplished in real time , but previously arranged codes would allow ftl communication.
happy that you exist Prof. Green
1:18:00 Space time functions like other matter like water in different states of space/time material
Dear Prof Greene, If the fabric of spacetime is divided into Planck sized local quantized units ,the question is what divides these units apart? if it is an extra non local grid like dimension (or dimensions) ,it can explain the non local behavior of quantum mechanics like the non local quantum entanglement ("spooky action at a distance") . happy new year !!!
@@Gru39 I think I was misunderstood. I am not talking about forces or the big bang . there is a thought that at the Planck length the fabric of spacetime is quantized. that can explain the uncertainty principle in the limit of Planck's length. My question is what lays between these quantized units? can it be a new grid like non local dimension connecting and dividing the spacetime units? can it explain the non local quantum behavior?
Happy New Year! Huge appreciation for the podcasts from the South East of England! I wish I understood more but I love listening to the content!
Happy New Year! Huge appreciation for the podcasts from the South East of England! I wish I understood more but I love listening to the content!
@@Gru39 And what if you are wrong and there is a new grid like dimension (or dimensions ) spread out between these quants? may be they can explain quantum entanglement ("spooky action at a distance")
The all possible paths idea represents exactly the idea of the extra grid dimensions connecting the Planck sized units of the quantized spacetime universe. Eran Sinbar, Israel
Is it possible small black hole glaxies converged to point make big black hole
One would think two observers placed at positions which are 90 degrees displaced around the equator of the event horizon would see a strobe light blink at different rates while falling into the event horizon? For instance, observer A has the strobe and sets it off directly into the black hole and observer B which is 90 degrees further around the equatorial region of the BH sees the strobe released. Observer A sees the strobe eventually slow its blink rate to zero while observer B sees its blink rate remain steady but its distance between blinks grows ever wider until it disappears into the horizon.
ER=EPR has fascinated me the past few years as the most interesting concept in quantum gravity. It feels like Loop Quantum Gravity, Causal Dynamical Triangulation, etc are converging on some truth that ER=EPR does a more “graspable” job of characterizing. It reminds me of Feynman vs Schwinger or Schrodinger vs Heisenberg. The approach that allows humans to think more intuitively about highly abstract conjectures and theories is attractive and often “wins out” over time (whatever time is).
Happy New year.. if I were the universe I would give you all of the answers. You're a great speaker! Hope you have a Happy New year.😊
Blessed
Enjoyed the show thank you so much dr greene , btw i love your phone ringtone lol
I still do not get regarding FTL information transfer. It seems that the problem is controlling the spin, not the FTL setup:
Assumptions:
- EP1-EP2 is a pair of entagled particles
- Entaglement is based on spin
- You can control spin of EP1 and EP2.
- You can observe spin of EP1 and EP2
1. Setup particle spin controller C1 and C2
2. Setup particle spin observer O1 and O2
3. Setup atomic clock P1 and P2
4. Observers observe spin at predefined time intervals. Duration of period is p.
5. Start of observation is t0.
6. Observer O1 observes spin of the EP1 at t0, t0+p, t0+2p, t0+3p etc
7. Observer O2 observes spin of the EP2 at t0, t0+1.1p, t0+2.1p, t0+3.1p etc
8. Observers store collected information at their respective locations.
8. Now you may set it up below speed of light. Now you can remove below speed of light device.
9. After t0 you know the spin of EP1 and EP2 at any given moment of time without even measuring.
10. Now C1 changes the spin of EP1, O2 observes EP2 and detects the change
11. Change is repeated or spanned across different pairs to account for error correction.
12. Controllers and observers operate below speed of light.
13. Number of pairs can be increased to increase amount of information transferred.
Observer 1 and 2 are separated by some distance. You can collect data simultaneously, but until you communicate the other half of the data, neither observer has learned anything other than their own result. And transmitting the results is limited by c, so at that rate, just send your message at c, having entangled particles at both locations didn't gain anything timewise.
Loved it
If the AB pair starts outside the event horizon B is added to the black hole but A is not subtracted from the the black hole
How does the black lose mass?
Because B is a negative energy particle, and due to mass/energy equivalence it's negative energy reduces the mass of the BH.
@@Oners82
Thanks
Now I have two more questions
1. Are you suggesting there is such a thing as negative energy?
2. How do you know that B always falls into the hole, shouldn't it be random?
@@FirstLast-sy3rj
Very insightful questions!
1. Hmmm, that's a tricky one! The truth is that nobody knows, but it is an extremely powerful theoretical tool to assume that there is.
However the virtual particles that we are talking about are not detectable so whether or not they exist is a deep question for the philosophy of science, and it ultimately depends upon whether you take a realist or anti-realist views of scientific models.
There is no easy answer.
2. Fantastic question! The truth is that the answer I gave you is an analogy that is often used to describe the process to laymen, but it is a somewhat inaccurate analogy. Why would the infalling particle always be the negative energy one if gravity affects both particles the same, right?
The truth is it wouldn't, it's just a flawed analogy.
It is almost impossible to visualise the actual process responsible for BH radiation as it is highly complex and dependent upon the frame of reference and whether an observer is in an inertial or accelerated reference frame, and it is only really understandable through the math to be honest.
I can try another analogy that might make more sense if you like, but any analogy I give will not be a true picture of what is actually going on.
Essentially curved spacetime by its very nature emits black body radiation, and since the spacetime region surrounding a blackhole event horizon is highly warped a lot of radiation is emmitted. There are more trajectories that lead photons away to infinity than there are going into the BH, so it loses mass.
Just because the photons are being emmitted from outside the event horizon doesn't matter because they are still taking away energy from that entire spactime region which necessarily decreases the mass of the BH.
Again, the analogy is flawed but hopefully it at least makes sense and gives you a better idea of the process involved.
Hawking radiation...
@@moonza2201
Yeah, the OP knows that but you aren't answering the question. The question is HOW does the black hole radiate, given the process decsribed in the OP.
Preferred the FRBET explanation. As for the phone call I guess you agree!
The 2 hole entangle and wormy model seems legit-way beyond just the mechanical conceptions like very much emphasis on BEYOND. See my 2003 book. 😂🤷♀️ I outlined the model in my book and how it relates to how humans experience it as a “Logos echo” of the originating unities. So there you go. I am glad these folks are hashing out the details now so maybe someone will listen to me before I have to leave this world. The message is pretty important in the cosmic scheme of things. Hey that’s a pun! Anyway I of course LOVED THIS beyond all beyond. 🥰🙋♀️🙏🏻👍🏻 ❤️
Loved the sneak peak. I hope we don't play around too much with the fabric of our shared reality. We don't want to break apart from the whole of the fabric. Just a smoking weed thought. Much love. God bless.
because you are going at the speed if light at the edge; so you must then be going through 'time' at the same speed?
Brian... What happens when dark matter falls into a black hole? I assume gravity would still affect it, since it is matter after all. Would the radiation released if any be detectable?
Would be fantastic to have technology to use wormholes to reach to the stars faster . 🙏🏻
Second thing that is puzzling to me is that by creating a wormhole by creating an entangled pair of particles you change the topology of the space-time therefore it cannot smoothly evolve in the space-time. There is some proof in GR that the topology cannot be changed because the past and future would not be stitched together. Or does it not hold when it’s quantum-like?
Forgot to mention the new philosophy of "existential positivism," whose precepts you introduce in your most recent popular book. The courage to go on despite a cleared-eyed look into the remote future,,,,the only evidence-based modern posture to distill light from from darkness...inspiringly large, realistic, and brave.
glacial and beautiful, like mathematics itself.
1:04:00 YOu say that we wouldn't notice it. But we do experience acceleration, so I don't think this explanation holds.
Happy for ever
In the briefest of an instant after the big bang , was the universe infinite?
Since local time stalls at the horizon from an external point of view, doesn't that mean the local observer perceives everything to be infinitely far away? If so, there's no sense in which the horizon can be crossed from from the local perspective.
I don't think black holes are subject to time dilation or length contraction when they're on the move because you can't push them around, but I think a lopsided one would appear to move through space over time, consuming old spacetime and energy in front and spewing new spacetime and energy out the back. Kind of like a cosmic mulcher. Can you (or someone even more clever) solve the field equations for that?
It is due to speed of light is constant
Then time will slow. If space time is auto correlation what is your ans
I hold you in the highest respect but I have to say your explanation of why entanglement and Hawking radiation doesn't resolve the information paradox. I couldn't get what you were talking about with regard to blue and red particles. If at the event horizon, one of a pair of entangled particles enters the black hole and the other is radiated away, the one that escapes ought to conserve the information. We don't need to confirm or observe the particle that is lost if we know it was entangled before entering, do we? I'm sure I'm missing something.
Hi I am sriram from india from 6th grade and i have a doubt. albert einstien told that a small amount mass can be converted to a large amount of energy so if this is true
then the mass is converted to energy in space with no planets , galaxies , stars etc then what will the energy act on then the energy from the mass is zero untill it acts on something ? . is it true
There is certainly potential for an "anselated" coded message system that would be faster than light. That could rapidly create temporal paradoxes. How can that not already exist?
If large gravity is needed in the macro world to hold everything together and not have the quantum fluctuations of the micro or quantum world then how is it the spooky action at a distance works in the how come hawking radiation can exist in the macro world
Excellent presentation, Thankyou. I will b selected as a Astronaut, for the Mars mission also.. Lord-willin 👑😭☝🏼🌉💫🗺️🕊️